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TOff fra n TOT^T^WTTTi1 T? T? Td> /TV WW'Wo) iii IfiJi'lih Vi LilkilkliLs . laUl iiUISia TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM] "thie X>H.ioe of libehty IS htbrnaii vigiijanob." [PAYABLE IN ADVANCE BY DAVIS & CREWS. ABBEVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 3, 1858. * VOL. XV NO. 6. From Stedman's Magazine. | That there is a distinction between afloc- I l>ut. it nmw I... ; : ? ?! *'' " "" LOVE METAPHYSICALLY CONSIDERED. * IJV WILLIAM S. GttAYSOX. Poets and novelists liiivc written without stint or measure about iove?that is to say with respect to its effects and manifosta tion6 ; but it is not their office ami province but that of the metaphysician to tell of its origin and relation to the other affections. The first persons you happen to meet in the circle of social life, will tell you some of its effects and consequences in their own experience, or as having occuired under their observation ; but how lew arc there who can trace the emotion to its fountain head, classify ami arrange it, and assign its position among tlie other emotions. Can the reader tell wherein the emotion of love of flowers differs from that of love of money, if he will withdraw from his consideration the things loved, and exclusively consider the two emotions ? We regard the love of dowers as a very gentle, a very amiable, a very purified emotion ;?and we look upon the love of money for its own sake, as eo;u>o, unpoetical and degrading, lint then, it will not do to say that the love of money for its own sake b not love at all?is not the emotion now being considered. Every philosopher is under the necessity of saying, there inny exist in the human heart both a good and a bad Inrr. If this be so, then the bad love is as truly love as good and commendable love. "We experience or entertain a great variety of loves?a great variety of emotions of affection for worldiv or visible things, and undoubtedly thev differ among themselves, but whence arises the difference ? Is it intrinsic or external ? Does the difference, for example, between the love of flowers ana me love ot mono)*, lake its or if/in externally,?that is to say. in the distinction between flowers and- money, or intrinsically, ?that is to sav, within the human heart' If the reader will confine his attention to the passion of love, and consider it, separate and apart from ihc worldly or visible things towards which it is "usually directed, he Avili find it to be a very difficult one to do fine, lie will experience that difficulty when he comes to reduce his definition to specific language, so as to make it intelligible to other persons. Speaking generally, we may be said to regard love as a strong and dominant affection ; a sympathetic tenderness ; a warm and decided preference for certain visible or worldly, or certain invisible or heavenly things. liut the very moment you bring into consideration the things preferred, the things affected, the things sympathised with, an l consider them, and the character which they imparl to the a flection, you cease, jiro lanto, to consider the affection. The Question to bo Icirtii'lllniK' f.mci.l A - " " 1 "T J ered, is with respect to a human emotion ?an emotion lliat arises in the human bo60111; and the matter that is not to he considered now, is the visible things with respect to which the emotion is occasioned. Now, 1 would regard love, as thus considered, as the state or condition of -the human will or volition. Then the question aiises, if love be the state or condition of my will, can I will to love, or not to love, as I please ? In other woids, is love the subject of human contiol ? In the first i>Iace. if I cannot control mv own emotions, can they be controlled at all ? And if I cannot control my own state of affection, tlint affection must contro' me. If then, we suppose that our affections have the mastery of us, free agency, or freedom of action must be destroyed in that regard. If dur freedom of action in respect to our affections be destroyed, we are not to bo either censured for improper aiTections, or applauded for worthy ones. I cannot, for uivsclf, very well conceive liow one affection, or if you please, one attachment, can diller from another, unless in the particular of the strength or potency of the feeling, if we remove from consideration tho things beloved. For example: My love for my dog, my . lore of money, and my love of flowers, is precisely the very same affection, except that there may be a difference in degree or strength, if we withdraw from consideration tho dog, the money and tho flowers things that are external to me. . Let us examino this question more par jtfcularly.. . Jn the first place, my affection is vol m untary. Now, if my affection be voluntary, ii sj cannot bo said to be causcd. Hence, rnj affection for my dog is not caused by tb< / <Jog. My affection for money is not causec y by jnoney. 11 cannot bo caused by anything external to, or independent of me, if 1 bav< the Agency jn its origination, or in othei .K !a ! M.'- ? worus, ii it an?o wmtm jr^e?11 it uave I subj&etivo origin. The question is truly one of the raos important that can arise in philosophy It ij ^8 to tbo origin of human aflfec tion, I lion and tlio apprehention of a truth, or in other words, between passion and intellect, no one will for a moment dispute, but no one, upon tlie other hand, will l?e found ' willing to affirm that they have*a different ? origin. It is not to bo denied, that I am the au' tlior of iny own emotions, and also of my own intellectual operations. In other words, I am capable of loving and of thinking, and whatever display I may make of either, originates with mo. If it do not originate with me, I would be glad to be informed as to the source of its origination. If I am not the author of my own stales of i thinking ami loving, I would he glad to < know who or what is. * 1 l'oets and novelists, and speculative gen- j tleinen, and gentlemen of glowing imaginations, together with the disciples of pit re- ( nology, arc in tho hahit of assigning our thoughts to tlie brain, and our passions to , the heart. ]?ut each position is equally ( puerile and fanciful. No proposition in logic can be more un- j deniable, than that if either niv thoughts ?, originate in my brain, or my affections in | my heart, I cannot bo their author; and t hence, if not their author, I cannot bo held <_ responsible for them. t Upon the supposition that my brain is S( the seat of my intellectual operations, or s mv heart that of my emotions, it might be H logically a'gued that if I wero to become t disembodied after death, I could neither j think or love, independently of their operation. And hence, it would follow, that j death would be the annihilation of all men- i tal and moral states. And this would no^ ative the possibility of the immortality of ^ the human soul. r It is almost the common belief now, lliat i there arc (fixrmbodicd spirits or souls of men r and women in a realm different from our t own, who exercise thought and affection. v This common belief is utterly at war with the supposition that the brain is the seat of ] thought, or that the heart is the seat uf the v affection. f Xo logician will so stultify himself as to ^ liold, that the same embodied and disembodied spirits can think and love, unless he | admit that both thought and passion are v independent operations of the same indi- t vidua), considered as a unit, and considered t as independent of his bodily organs ; that is to say, independent of than for his poicvr t of thought and affection. :1 J Wit let us listen to what two other per- < sons have said on this subject, the one a poet and the ether a philosopher of the ,, phrenological school. Shakspcare says : () " O, that llatli ? heart of that, fine frame, j| To pay this debt of love bin to a brother, ^ How will she love, when the rich u<>I<lcn shaft . tl llatl'i kill o the flock of all affections else That live in her? when liver, brain ami heart, These sov'reign thrones, ftt*eall supplied and tilleil, Her sweet perfections, with one self same king." ji The poet reckons that the heart may be li fYorr.t'1 -..-I -ft ? i - - ' ...w ..wvb vi tin uuici iuvu man niHt1 ' and killed thus made the love for her broth- ' er the soul-surviving king of hor liver, , train anil heart, her sweet perfections !"' Or: " IIow will she love, whose heart is ' of that fine frame to love but a brother, when sho comes to love a lover, after the golden shaft hath killed the flock of all her affections, else even that for her brother in eluded, and leaving her liver, heart and brain supplied and filled but with tho one love!" I But let this puss, as it is aside from tbe , I main issue, while wo call attention to the , r extract from the philosopher. 5 David Hartley, who wrote " Observations I on Man" in 1749, in order to supply the ' omission in Locke's great work on the < 5 "Human Understanding," said that the r sersntions^)f man are equivalent to the vi1 brations of the brain. Now it may be wrong, strictly speaking, i t to class Hartley among phrenologists, since . Gall, who is generally esteemed to be called r tbe originator of that system, died as late as 1828, ' \ - ... -- J vv. IIIIII-W, n iiat lis UIV Villi*! ground ami characteristic of phrenology ? Is it not that the matter of the brain is th? only material uso<l in tho process of sensa tion ami thought? Ami that is the silbstancc of the nhilosoiiliv nf ' , 1 ? "... ?.VJ respect (o association and vibrations. lie grounds his explication of sensation upon tlie material workings of the brain. Willi him, as with phrenologists, materialism and necessity arc the logical consequences of their respective teachings. In no part of tlie works of Locke, is found any attempt to detect the connecting link existing between tlie matter of our or- i gaiis, and the cause of our thoughts and I emotions; or to expose the mode and manner of sensational communication with the 1 intelligent being or spirit within. I Tlrs is indeed the great problem in pliil- ' jsopliy. * This problem is expressed in the in- ?' piiry ; can matter think and have alloc- t ions ? 'J'here is a great deal more of sound sense I n the theory of Hartley than is generally 1 apposed, if we will only consider him as 1 laving taught that the man who inhabits 1 he body, and who is a!*o capable of being liscinhodicd, is brought into comtnunica- 1 ion with the outer world by listening to, * ind feeling the vibrations of his nervous s yslem ; and also considering his nervous j <ystein as a system of material tissues, ut- i 1 orly incapacitated to perforin any inde- I leiulent action of thought or emotion. i It does very well lo say that man, as an mmortitl, an immaterial being, can both I liink and feel. 1 >ut if we regard man as ?'i i unit, this position, with rcspcct to him, I' tinils us also to say that no part of the c igeticy of thought and feeling is performed :l y the operations of the material, bodily 0 trgaus that shut the man within and ox- 1 hide him from cnmiediatc communication ' vith the outer world. " Let nic put the point a little plainer; Either I am iir ii/fine<linte contact with the ' rorld around me, or I am embodied in a ^ rame of matter, which matter lies or inter- ' -toes between me and the world. 1 .Set us reason upon these two different v osiiions. If I am in immediate contact vith external things, no material tissues in ' lip nf imramia fl ..v. UIMCO IIU lll.tlll'l 111 I lie shape of organs can possibly interpose < etween nio and the world, for if they did, s hey would destroy the inuncdiule relation 1 ssumed to exist between me and outwaid ? bings. I If material tissues, or nervous fibres of ' natter, or material organs encompass me, c r embody me, and I have to be brought t uto acquaintance with tlie world of outer a liings through thrir agency and operations, ii lien it follows, logically, that I am not in miucdiatc contact with the outer world. c The reader may take either of these two < ositions he may prefer, for lliey have both l ieen resolutely maintained by wiser heads, v robably, than his or mine. I .......inm iutur ucmg iramc-d, may be ji able to pay a debt, which debt is love, and also supposes that this frame may be pierced u by a shaft, not only rich but golden, and it that it also possesses flocks of affections v that may all be killed, with the exception v of love, and that that survives when liver, p brain and heart, these sovereign thrones, is are all supplied and filled with one self-same c king. v This may do in poetry, but will it do in v metaphysical philosophy ? c I do not know that I precisely understand v what ihe poet means, when he speaks of t the liver, brain and heart being supplied and filled :?whether by her sweet perfee- p tions, or by one self-same king. a Is he to be understood as saying that s her liver, brain and heart arc her sweet per- t fections, and that these sweet perfections are to be supplied and filled by a self-same c king; or that her sweet perfections arc to 1 be referred to her capacity to love her broth- I er and her lover? And then, we may raise a quarrel over ' the word "else." i Does it refer to her love for a brother, or ( love generally ? ( In other words, does the poet moan to cx- ^ / luim " How will slie love, who has a heart to love a brother, when the golden shaft hath ' killnri llio fW.tr -'I ~*1? 1 *' " * 1 If I an) nn embodied being, but capable f being disembodied, and also the same t Jentical, immortal and immaterial being, n diether embodied or disembodied, and s vhilo in my present embodied state am ea- t table of tbouglit and emotion, llicn there 5 no utility in saying that tlie bodily organs ii ire the thoughts or perceptions, wo are so | pnr from admitting, that we find it iinpossi- , L?lo to comprehend what can be meant by ( ibe assertion. The shakings are evidently j throbbings, vibrations or stirrings in a ( whitish half-fluid substance, like* custard, , which we might see, perhaps, and feel, if , wo had eyes and fingers sufficiently small and fine for their office. But whot should wo see or feel upon the supposition that we could detect by our senses everything that actually took place in the brain ? We Bhould see tbo particles of the substance change their place a little, move a little up or down, to the right or to the left,/ round about or zigzag, or in souse other course or direotipn. r. > ? loinpanying every act of thought or per;eption ; but that the shakings themselves , n ueiiso uy wnicn 1 am surrounded and by n irhich I am brought into communication nth the outer world, can also cither think e >r feel an emotion for mc, or, iu other f rords, can operate intelligently or all'ec- e ionately. Sl Now if this be the state in which I am t losited, the question arises: what office or / genev is performed by the organs of sen- t ation in the business of thought and onio- ? ion ? To this question there are but two con. i eivable replies, and they are either the I heorv of Hartley or that of Sir William t Iamilton. t The organs of sensation must, either with I Jartley, givo or produce but a vibratory i smotion, purely mechanical, and which ine- i :hanical emotion leads me to thought and ( .1 ? *' ^hvhuii, ui uivj iiiu.si, wuii Dir wuiinm c [Ianiilton, perforin tlio office and agency in i ntelligent sensational emotion. The question as to oflice and agency of t lie organs of sensation in the affair of in- t elligent emotion, yet remains to be definite* y settled. I Let us listen for a moment to what a | /cry acute writer thiuks of the theory of . [I irtley : " There may bo little shakings in the , jrain for anything wo know, and there may ^ U'All lift shukiinrs of n Vmrl ft<v I " i ins is nil that wo could sco if Dr. Hartley's conjectures were proved by actual observation, beoauso this is nil tliat exists in motion according to our conception of it, and all that we mean when wo say that there is motion in any substance. Is it intelligible, then, to say that this motion, the whole of which Wo seo and comprehend, i? thought and feeling, and that thought and feeling will exist whenever wo can excite a similar motion ill a similar substance ? This was written in 1800. Will the reader please bear in mind that wo all speak of thought as an act of the mind ? iS'ow an act is action, and all action is motion, and vicc versa. Of cour.-e no intelligent gentleman, at his day, will suppose that the motion of mo organs ot tlio body is thought ami t cling. We all agree that matter cannot I level'>p thought ami feeling. lJut how few ire there among us who will deny that here is feeling in the bodily organs ? If I receive an injury in the shape of a jlow upon my person, does lliero not arise n the part injured a sense of feeling?call t pain, if you please?there existing and here prolonged ? If this be so,?that is to say, if a feeling lo arise in any portion of my body, that cry aamo fueling cannot consistently be aid to arise in my power of thought and motion, unless you identify 1110 with the >art alloclcd, and thus make nie a material icing, and make matter capable of feeing, which is the very point in issue. I have no particular theory to ofl'er to he reader's attention on this subject, but 1 in very much inclined to think with Ilartey, that the organs of the body aro only apable of incchanical motion or agency, ,nd that all intt/liycnl motion or agencv is xcrcised or performed by a being wholly inmaterial and wholly cmbolied in matter, hereforc, if 1 hear any sound, or see any 'I'ject in thuouter world, I do these intelii;eiit acts, (ami they art; bound to be intuligent acts if performed by an intelligent M.-ing,) upon the direct apprehension of 1110ion or agency in my organs, similar to the notion or agency carried 011 in the outer vorld. Bay, for example, I see a tree or a horse, 'lie process is effected iu this way: The ays of liglit from the object fall upon my >rgaii of vision and Ihcrc make an innm-a ? J ion, which so far is wholly mechanical, hit it ceases to be mechanical ami becomes utcliigont, when I from within regard or ich'jld that image or impression,- and from he jnra/ilion that the imago has been nisod by the rays of light operating boween the horse and the retina of my eye, .tul that it is a horse or a tree that the mage represents. If now, 1 itircctli/ apprehend the motion r mechanical agency of my organs, I must hdirectly apprehend the objects and moions existing and carried 011 in the outer rorld, since I apprehend the one through he office and agency of the other. But the question that I wished to bring o the reader's attention is this: Since a nan is a unit, do not his thoughts and pas I'jiio ui iL?u?<4ii; in niu siiiuc source,?tliiit is o say, in bin) as a unit ? In other words, do liis thoughts originate 11 one faculty, aud do his affections orifi O tate in another and a different one? We may still state the question differntiy : Are there two separate and distinct iiculties or provinces in a being aelcnowldged and declared to bo a unit himself, md as such, capable of thought aud emoiou ; and are we to assign his thoughts and lis emotion?, not to him as a unit, but to wo different faculties, separate from hiui ind separate from each oilier? In the first place, if I am the author of ny thoughts, originated and caused to exist jy my own independent agency, can it, hen, be said with consistency that my houghts originate in one of my faculties ? Does not the whole debate turn upon the neaning to be attached to the term faculty ? n what light are we to regard the faculties >f a being who is always and undor allcirjumstanccs to bo regarded sis a uuit, and lot as dual or triuno ? Jievcnons a nos monlous: Let us reurn to tho subject of love, or affecion. l)oc3 tlio affection of the heart of the over for his mistress originate-in the same rountain that his thoughts with respect to abstracts do ? On this point, I think ith the French writer in respect to light: " On ne cherche noint a prouver la lumierc." There is 110 need to prove that light exists. So it is not necessary to prove that ofir lliougliU and affections arise in tho same fountain, so long as we hold man to bo a unit, or being immortal and immaterial, capable of producing his own states'ot being, his own relation to the things of t^e outer world, whether they present then? selves in the form of animated beauty* or in tho shape of abstract truth. " IIo that made us with auq)> larga discourse, Looking before and after, gave as not That capacity and God-lilte reasons To rust in us unused.'^?S/ialgpear*. Ono of the tffost celebrated pulpit orators of Paris, the Abbe de Degnerry, said in k sojmon during lent: " Women, now-a-days, forget in tbo astonishing amplitude of their dresses, that the gales of heaven are very narrow." * # mM THE CHEMISTRY OF WINE The chemical components of grape juice, aro grape and fruit sugars, gelatinous matter, or pectin, gum, fat, wax, vegetable albumen and vegetable gluten, tartaric acid, both free, and combined with potash as cream of tartar, partly also combined with lime. In some analysis have been fouinl laconic acid, malic acid, partly free and alumina; further, oxide of iron and oxiile manganeso, sulphate of potash, common sail; phosphate of lime, magnesia, and silicic acid. The skin?, stones, and stalks all yield tannic acid ; which tannic acid, turning brown by cxposuro to the atmosphere?becoming, in fact, that Cinderella of the chemists known as apothema?gives its hue to (unailultcred) white wine. For tlinro ?<> such tiling as a purely colorless wine; even the celebrated Vine cobedino, called colorless, is a pale yellow. This is the reason too, why raisins arc all uniformly dark-skinned, whether they be of purplo or white grapes; the tannic acid in their skins turning brown by exposure to the air in the process of drying. The purple grape has, beside that tannic acid, a coloring matter"of its own, which is properly a distinct blue, but by the action ot acid is converted into a deop or red purple. In unripe grapes saturated with aeids it is a bright led, as we all have seen ; and young wine is always more blight and more brilliang llian llial which lias matured. As the grape ripens so does the skill or coloring manner, become more purple or bine. The loss acid dark of the skin, till over-ripe purple grapes become positively black, l'ulcven this deep color gradually changes by age as well as by exposure, and the bright rod of the young wine?due partly to an excess of phosphoric acid?by degrees sobers and mellows into the "tawny port" so dear to commissures : that is, the tannic acid is converted into apothema, and with the acid goes the ruby like color. In the best Burgundy and colored Champagne the skins remain in the liquid from two to three days, this is to color them ; in Modoc r.tx days ; eight days in tho French wines of the south ; and fourteen in the dark astringent vin ordinaire cf the tables d'hote. To clear white wines, also to make them lighter if Inn rlnrL- /-?1hn?rw.?n ?>' ' isinglass arc used; This is the modo by which white port wine is obtained. In Spain they use powdered marble for the purpose; in other countries gypsum and smid; also Ailing tip any deficiency in the casks with clay and sand. In warm cliraates neither album eh nol- isinglass is used, as these being animal substances, would decompose too readily; as, indeed, they do in colder climates when used in cxcess.? Powdered gum-arabic is substituted ; dried blood-milk and cream are also used, as well as lime. ^Lime seeins to be the be?t for the purpose, making the wine sweeter and less astringent, and giving it the appearance of ago. if used in excess, it turns the wine brown. Speaking of albumen, ono reason why Burgundy is a bad keeping wine is owing to the free use of albumen and isinglass. Containing but little tannic acid in thebegining, these animal substances readily decompose, and the cask "goes to the bad" after a very short time. f 10 niixjv irum grapes winch liavo almost ?1 ried on the vines; anil all the socalled Vin sec assumes to lie made under the like conditions. Vin do paille is from grapes dried on straw, and Vin cotti from boiled juice. All these processes have the same object?namely the evaporation of the watery particles in the grape, thus leaving only a lieh, pure, alcoholic juice. We say alcoholic, though, perhaps, we ouglit to have said saccharine ; but they are afmo^W synonymous terms; for the more sugar tlierft ia in (Iia nrronn 1 ** ... ...w vuo iiil" v Hicoiioi tnero | will be in the wine. One hundred and ninety-eight of sugar gives ninety-two of alcohol; thus, if our strong ports give sixteen per cent, of alcohol, the grape must have had thirty-four per cent, of sugar; which, if not impossible, seeing that it is affirmed that even forty per cent, of solid particles of sugar may bo obtained fr^b ripe grapes, is, at least, an unusual average French and German grapes give fromscveu. to fifteen per cent, but the usual figures range from thirty to thirteen. In Holland it is only from ten to twelve. Grape sugar is obtained by boiling the juico with chalk to saturate the free acids, then filtering the lir quid and washing the precipitate. The liquid is then mixed with albumen, boiled, filtered, and evaporated, when the crystials of sugar are deposited.?Household WordsThe Value of Prayer?Prayer is a heaven to the shiprecked man, an anchor to them that are sinking in the waves, a staff to the limbs that totter, a mine oPjewols to the poor, a healer of diseases, and a guardian of health. Prayer at once iecurcs the Continuance of .our blessings, and disfeipates the cloud of our calamities. O, blessed prayer; thou art the unwearied conquorer rtf lllimon tanaa <' " ? ' * ' M ...<? fTWVWj fclJO III III IOUQUAllOD of human happiness the sources of ever enduring joy, the mother of philosophy. The man who can pray truly, though languish, ing in extremest indigence, is richer than all beside; whilst the wretch who never bowed the knee, though proudly seated as monarch of all nations, is of all nion the most destitute.? Chryaosiom. BULWER ON THE DESTRUCTION OF JERU3A- fu LEM. J,., A few weeks ago Sir K. lJulwer Lytton Pr, delivered a lecture in Liiicoliu, which city l|, lie lias for a number of years represented * in Parliament, 011 the early history of Kas j-j' torn nations. lie gave an outline of tbe ;ir history of the Babylonian, Assyrian, I'er- )a<] sian, Egyptian, Greek and Jewish nations, W( and closed with tlie following powerful and f;l, dramatic description of the destruction of (||( Jerusalem l>y Titus: pr Six years after tlio birth of our Lord, ;,M Judea and Samaria became a Roman prov- tin iuce, under subordinate governors, the most ti11 famous of whom was Pontius Pilate. These governors becamo so oppressive that the Jews broke out into rebellion ; and seventy years after Christ, Jerusalem was finally be sieged by Titus, afterwards Kmperor of Home. No tragedy 011 the stage has the same scenes of appalling terror as are lo I c found in the history of this siege. The *? city itself was rent by factions at tlio dead. ' liest war with each other?all the elements "l of civil hatred bad broke loo?,e?the sheets 101 were slippery with tlie bloml of citizens? ''' brother slow brother?tlte granaries were l'" set on fire?famine wasted those whom the l';l' swonl did not slay. In the midst of these w' civil massacres, tins Roman armies appeared 1 before the walls of Jerusalem. Then tor a ' short time the rival factions united against rithe common foe; they were again the gal lant countrymen of David and Joshua? w' they sailed forth and scattered the eagles of 'ul Rome. J?ut this triumph was brief*, the t'e ,:a rocity of the ill-fated Jews soon again >l1'' wasted itself on each other. And Titns marched on?encamped his armies close by the walls?and from the heights the lloman general gazed with awe on the strength "1" and splendor of the oity of Jehovah. I lift us hero pause?ami take, outs Ives, ^ a mournful glance at Jerusalem, as it then was. The city was f? rtilied by a triple wall, J save on one side, where it was protected by 1 Ol deep and impossible ravines. These walls j of tho most solid masonry, were guarded nr by strong towers ; opposite to the loftiest of these towers Titus had encamped. From tho height of that tower the sentinel might have seen stretched below the whole of that fair Territory of Judea. about to pass from \ . . fir: tlie countrymen of David. Within these Walls was the palace of the kings?its roof, ^ of cedar, its doors of the rarest marbles, its chambers filled with the costliest tapestries, ( and vessels of cold and silver, (troves and b iih gardens gleaming with fountains, adorned . ? . . UK with statues of bronze, divided the courts of the palace itself. But hi''h above all . . , ? , , m< upon a precipitous rock, rose the temple, ^ fortified and adorned by Solomon. The temple was as strong without as a citadel? within more adorned than a palace. On entering you beheld porticoes of number less columns of porphyry, marble and ala. baster; gates adorned with gold and silver, 0 0 ree anions which was th?> ??n?wl.?rfiil ?? !? - t]ol the Beautiful. Furtheron. through the vast lOV arch, was the sacred portal which admitted j. into the interior of tlic temple itself al| sheeted over with gold and overhung l>y a vino tree of cold, the branches of which . .... . , . "?>1 were as large as a man. 1 lie roof of the . . temple, even on the outside, wan set over with golden spikes, to prevent the birds settling there and defiling llie holy dome. At a distance, the whole temple looked like a ^ mount of snow, fretted with golden pinnacles. lint, alas, the veil of that temple had '',l1 I been already rent asunder by an inexpiable i crime, and the Lord of Hosts did not light co with Israel. But the enemy is thundering ^ at t'-~ "">11. All around the city arose im- 1C -me noiirnj do w f L spectres than livincr men I Liu.. the belts of their iwords, the sandals of their ***' feet. Even nature itself so perished away, that a mother devoured her own infant; HUI fulfilled the awful words of the warlike ^ mpphet wlio had first led the Jews towards '' the land of promise?" The tender and del- ^ icate woman amongst you, who would not adventure to set the sole of her foot upon the ground for delicatencss and tenderness ,n ?her eyes shall bo ovil toward her young one and the children that she shall bear> ^ . for she shall eat them for want of all things secretly in the siege and straightness wherewith thine enemy shall distress thee in thy sti gates." Still, as if the foe and tho famine was not scourgo enough, citizens smote and 8u murdered each other as they went in the de way?false prophets went howling through jt. the streets?cvey itnago of despair com- be pletes the ghastly picture of tho fall of Je- ;t? rusalem. And now tho temple was set on Atl fire, the Jews rushing through the flames (]c %> perish amidst its ruins. It was a calm tu summor night?tho 10th of August; the whole hill on which stood the temple was ^ one gigantic blaze of fire?the roofs of ce- f uar crasuea?tne golden pinnacles of the dome were like spikes of crimson flame Through the lurid atmosphere all was carnage and slaughter; the echoes of shrieks and yells rang back from the Hill of Zion and the Mount of Olives. Amongst the smoking ruins, and over piles of the dead> Titus planted the standard of Rome. Thus were fulfilled the last avenging prophecies ?thus perished Jerusalem. In that dread" b< I day men still were living who might lvu hcnril the warning voice of Him they ueified?" Verily, I say unto you all, these iiigs shall come upon this generation. * * O, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that Most the prophets and stonest them th-t r sent to thee, * * * behold your mse. -is left unto you desolate 1" And thus sre the Hebrew people scattered over the :e of the earth, still retaining to this hour L-ir mysterious identity?still a living Dof of the truth of those prophets they <1 seorn <1 or slain ; still, vainly awaiting it Messiah, whose divino mission was filled eighteen centuries ago, upon the Mint of Calvary. EXCRUCIATING. ksk 1?In front of a Fashionable Hotel. Gentlen a < dismoun ting from his horse. "Stabler, attend ! refrigerate my beast by lowing him twice to circumnambulate fountain; that accomplished, toim>.? a moderate quantity of aqueous paries ; conduct him with care to the rennsi ' " * ry for wearied beasts, and having clothed luster his dirty skin by a gentle applicant <>{ the vegetable material, commonly lied straw, sutler him to partake of food li.-h shall allbrd nourishment and gentle >ose." .Stabler?(laughing.) "W-h-a-t, sir!" Gentleman?"What sir! Stand you thus e one who has no reason in his soul, iile this poor beast, whose every pore is a it of gushing strength, grows valetudiry 'neatli Sol's oppressive rays. Yevolo barbarian I" Stabler?(laughing still more unrcstrainly.) "I can't understand a word you say, ; but I suppose you want your horse put Gentleman?"Stupidity unequaled !? mdlord, fulminate your censures against is taidy chilli, who thus manifests oppug huh kj my hum res, and conduct me to Seidell apartments, and bring restoratives tin; most vivitio character, to reinstate to uir former power (lie varied energies of y exhausted frame.1' I landlord?"I will, sir.* Gentleman?" Preposterous ! And you, , unite in the disgraceful merriment of nr minion ! I should surmise myself the >t of the species you ever beheld." Landlord?(laughing still more.) " InL'd you are, sir." Gentleman?"Terminate this prolix mo, atid officiate as guide to my apart:uts. At the hour of dinner, summons i ; if weariness should have caused me be r< cunihent in 1 r? .in*. - :?4 .ctillllllM.> wit.li tlie breutli of a fan." i:Ni: 2 ? The Dining Room. Gentleman m"liit;/ himself at the table, dinner over, mill others stamliny in the room. ( entlctnati?" E should judge voracity' I ignorance a prevailing characteristic tlie mansion. 1 see nothing among these king ruins worthy the regard of a genman's palate. Waiter, I desire a female irl, sufliciciitly, but not redundantly made hit! by fire." II in brought* u Waiter, dissent with care the same; do I not violently separate the parts, lest my uLs should sufier dislocation from the disrdant sounds." It is done. * jailer, place a tender portion of the ;ast upon my plate, with necessary accomiim?MiH." ll is done as ordered and tlie gentleman inmcnccs liis dinner. \ wag, who with others, had observed ise proceedings, seats himself at the table posile our hero. ~ "v??ter. furnish mo with a female id does .npoiicnt ^ "Vaiter, divide those parts im*/ portions, ited to labial capacity." Opening his mouth and throwing himself ck in the chair. ^ MVaitcr, place oue of them iu the orifice fore you." Our hero begins to understand the quiz, d is evidently much disconcerted. " Vaitcr, vay my jatosJ" Amid roars of laughter, and curses upon 3 lips, our hero rushed from the rooom. The K"h i noor Diamond.?There is a ange superstition in India. that. tlif? f* ous Koh-i-noor diamond now in posses>n of Queen Victoria, entails ruin and struct ion on every dynasty that possesses This is its history as for hack as it can traced ; but ii hsi* Imimi nil of i possessors hiivi? l?>n im-n ol violence id* crime, who ru.eit lawlessly, and plunred ruthlessly, and their plundered wealth rued to curses, and not to blessings. m i Sheridan'8 Calendar.?The following d dish of rhyme on the weather has been k led " Sheridan's Rhvminp Calendar " January snowy, July moppy, February flowy, August croppy, March blowy, September poppy, April showry, October breexy, May floury,* Nowemtwrwhwg^^ "The best way to gainst scandal, is t^^rfi#w6*l||^rks j false wLicU ouglit n6t to " a . . > __