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o \ % u\pyi))i'fps'^T?rf Tf * rij To) r\"^T^T^To) JLlLn ^AlEtodii u il ILi iij Jli i^3v!?^iki JL1 cJu Uia i ? i?irirrnr ib iiIM i?bi i h i mmm m ?! ! n 1 in? mum 11? \mmw mm mm 11 una 1 n 1 1 n ? ma *******? TWO DOLLARS PF,II ANNUM.] "the mxoxs op x?x33unt-v is ut33nuxr.a.x# -\7-1 o-x Xi .a. u o 12." (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE liY DAVIS & CREWS. ABBEVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, APRIL 29, 1858. VOX, XV imTTT i?aw?1?rmr-nr?-?? ??www??pi ? i ? i ? m GEORGE WASHINGTON. j The following extracts from a portrait of "Washington in the recently published vol- j nine of lianerofl's Ilistorv of the United ; States, will l?e especially interesting to those j who have heard Mr. Everett's orati>?u on j his Character : WASHINGTON*. Washington was then 43 voars of age. : In stature lie a little exceeded MX feet; hi* limbs were sinewy and well proportioned ; !us elicst broad ; his figure stately, blending dignity of presence with ea<e. 11 :-s rol-tiM constitution hail been tried and invigorated 'iy Ins early life in the wild?:rne.**, his halnt. of occupation out of doors, and liis ilgid "temperance ; so thai few equaled him in strength of arm or po\v?-r of < ndnnnee. liis complexion was florid ; hi-- hair dari; IK' was :i> chiS'it.il as h?j was sjiir;t :. j? frank and communvative in tho soeiely of ] friend*, fond <if liso fo.veha-e and the danr.\ ,, ^ifli'ii sporlivu in lii.s lett< :<t and liked a ' f, hearty laugh. This jnyousiiess of di-posii:o|. jremained In tin; la>t, though the vastm-ss of ]j his responsibilities was soon to take from ,, liiin tho right of displaying the impulsive ,] qualities of liis nature, at>.\_ the weight which ho was to bear tip was to overlay t; niul repress his gJH'otv and openness. j, liis hand was lilier.d ; giving rpiit?ly and i f, without observation, as though lie was j ,, ashamed of nothing bill being discovered j jj in doing good, lie was kindly and compassionate, and of lively sensibility to tin? s sorrows of others; so that if his conntry only needed a victim fur its relief, he (| would have willingly ottered himself as a f, sacrifice. Hut while he was progial.of , himself, ho was ?ron-idcrato for others- | ever parsimonious of the blood of his conn- ( trymen. v lie was prudent in the management of j his private affairs, purchased rich land from tho Mohawk Valley to the llats of he ( Kanawha, and improved liis fortune by the 1 ~ correctness of his judgment; but as a pub f iie man he knew no other aim than the good of his country, and in tho hour of his country's poverty, ho refused personal emolument for his service. * His faculties were so well balanced ai:d c combined,-that his constitution, free from ' excess, was tempered evenly with all the elements of activity, and ljis Ulind resembled a well ordered common weal tli; his pasoione, which had the in tensest .vigor, owned j allegiance to reason; and, with all the fiery ,.r i?;a t.:^ .... i 1 l/i Ilia ajJlllly (111 IIII|IVIUV'U0 (lliu | .massive will was held in cheek by consummate judgement. lie had ii) his composiition a calm, which gave him in moments .o( highest excitement (ho (tower of seH'control, and enable him to excel in patience, etfen wlien lis had mo^t causo for disgust. Washington wad qlTercd a command when there was little to bring out, the unorganiz ed resources of the continent but his own .influence, and authority was (sonnet-ted with iho people by the moat fruit, most attenuated, scarcely discernible threads ; yet vehement as was his nature, impassioned as was hf* courage, ho so retrained his ardor that however I'ailud (Mutinously to exert the .at* trjtotibg power of tlmt influence, and never fi exerted'/1 sharply as Lo break its force. Jn s^cresy ho was unsurpassed ; but his secresy. had the character of prudent re- t aeftevnot of counting or concealment. t His 'understanding was lucid and his 1 ji^j^?rhe^t, a'ccnrate, so that his conduct never lietrayed hurry or confussion. No detail *as1'too minute for his personal inquiry and Continued supervision; and, at the *ame me, he comprehended events in < tfrejp .widest aspects and relations. lie ncr- < I brown : iii> iic*iii in i!s>!ri;>i' penec-fly mini.I. liis broad nostrils seomod f?>ime-1 t-> g v S|?vssi.)h and oso.-.jv1'! to scornful an^er. 1 lis dark blue cvts, which uvre deeply set, had an expression ef !?m and an earnestness that was almost. .sadness. ;< At I'liiwn years old left an :?ti to the , care of an i-Xvv!l<'iit but uulctteied mother. ; li,. jvix'W up without learning. < >!' arit!im<ai;e j and geom-try lie aeqtiiiv I just knov. ; enough to be able to practice m-a-!iriii?; ( land; but all litis in*truetion at school j taught bim n<>t. so niufii a> the orthopa|.hy , or rules of grammar of his own loni*tto. I His culture was dltivi'iln r his own work, ; and ho was in tins stiic'vsl. s>*iis a nelf-madc man ; yet from liis early !:!' h<' never ?oemo 1 < uneducated. At sixte-u he wont into 11 i wilderness a< a sui\vv>r, and for three j years continued tin; pursuit, where tlie \ forest trained him. in iiiediiativo suiitade, , { > freedom and i.4i,r,'c:ir>s of mill i; hh<] i Nature ic'Vcum-.I to 1 ii:11 her ? fibroins and sii< lit laws. In liis intervals j from toil, ln> seemi'd always {. he :tt{:ae|<\ to liio best men. and U? ho ci:? :i>in <l l?y i them. Fairfax, his i ntj l >ycr, an * >xt*?:* ! i scholar, aiieady a:;<*d, became his 1 ;i-l friend. i | II>' little, but w:! !i ? ! ?--o ;tIt?.*??!i?hi. 4 f \\ l?:il?*vi;r Ii.? tn.ilc in hand ho :i|ip<! i n himself {' with ti!!i?; an.! !ii- papers. j li.ivft been preserved tusliow how ho nhnn-t *i imperceptibly jyniiifii the power of writing I, correctly?always expressing himsi'f with ; j clearness an.I dir*:ctnes-<, often witii felicity t of language ami grace. ' n Courage was su natural to him, that it was j f hardly spoken of t" his praise ; no one ever, p at any moment of liis ] if.*, discovered in is him the least shrinking in danger; and 1m* j i had a hardihood of daring which escaped , notice, because it was s<> esivoloped l>y superior calmness and wisdom. CI* suemed above llio object that engaged liis at teiition, aii'l lie was always equal, without an ell'eet, to tlie solution ol the highest questions, oven wlicn there existed the precedents to guide his dveision. In the way lie never drew to himself aditkSr-il ????? #* ? i 1 . * - ---------- - ^ i-.'i me jiw>sv?.Hi'iu ?>i iuiv <>iie <]uality in (ixocss, never m:u!e in cntuieil anvonc su^-e.-lion tMiIiIiiiHj but impracticablc, never in action look (<> himself the praise . 1 ??r lilamo of undertaking astonishing in conception I.nt it.-v.iii-l his meant of execution. it was lit" nn?>l womlorful aecom hshnicnl of tins man tliat. piaec ii{>.>11 the Inrijest ;heater of events, at 111!. :i< I oi tlie greatest ie.volini.in in iiiimaii nll'iirs, ii" never t*li! 1 to ului'i've all (hat was p.)-sil.p.. aii'l at tiie same time to ! oiii'l his a<? |iii'a:io!i.? l>v that \v11i?-!i was j> ?^^i 1 A !?liijiiL tillire ill his cliaraejel-. |?erce'i?i!'!e ojiiv to tiic c!o?o u'.'server, r?*\ tie* region from \\ hieu lie sjirusit;, ami he mi^ht in' iioscn'>e<l <e? till! hc<t sj>'-cimen of mail 11!.?<? 1 s *leveioji<v| in tii.' South ; hut his i?*a!iiii s were so faullli -:.!v j'Sojiortione-i thai ins wjiule country rather claitiicl iiim . -|>ivx'sii;ii n <>, Ine most, eollljiiete expression of ail its attainments an<l i*j>eration*. lie stn?!? I his cotmlry a:i>l omformeil to il. Ills eonnlrvnitMi full he was the Inst. tv|?c of Ametiea, ;ui>i joiee<l in il, ai; i vv. u: jtrotnl of it .They ! iv--<! in iii., 1 i 1 : an*l ma-lu his siU'Cesiun iml hi* praivj iheirown. I*r?y impos-ed with e??nfio.h*n?*o in oil'* l'rovi let ice, nii-l exemplary in his res i is for ilio forms of pnhlie. wotsh'p. no >!ii!<|-r < !" tlii> li^hte-nth c<*n nsy \.is more linn in the btipporl of fi\oi*>in , t' n I ^i.-ns opinion. Tjoiic iii"p' tolerant,or ' nore remote lV*>:n h :u-?iry ; i>ut U*li? f in i ii. aii'l trust in 11 is ovorru'imj power,' ... . ' 1 the e.-^eiieo oi h.s main :< r. l)i ine wisilom not oiilv illumines tin* st>ii it, ; t inspires the will Washington was a j iirin of aet.iosj. ai.-l n*?t of theory or \vor<ls; ; lis * !*> *<! :?] { a:-- in hi* life, 11 ?t in his prui's<ions. which hnr.-t from him very rarely, ii>l oti'y at those jjrejit. moments of cri-is i ii l in; foi l lines nf 11is ootmtrv, when earth i tnl Iicav-ii fi'cinf,| actually to tsi? ct, ami , i?-i i moti-m* heeaine too intense for snp- i ir?'-.<ion ; hnt his whole heing was one eon j illi art of faith in tho eternal, intelligent, j ' noral onler of the universe. Integrity was j 1 y completely the law of his nature, that a : lanet wonli! sooner have shot from its [ here, than ho have departe 1 from his up iiflitnc-ss, which wis so constant that ii of n seemed S'l Lo aiiiio^v itipi-rsomu. They >av of loll a thai ! i introduced oodness into lie.' art of i>-i;11tinif : Wjiminiton carried is. wilh him to the camp ami in- cabinet, ami e>!ahli<die<l a new < lireiiou t* human greatness. Tim purity of his ir'.ilii?lf ; :?it-] us lie never faltered in his iith in vii:tic. In- stood fa*l by that which ft knew to be jn?t; free from illusions; ever d?'jecle?I by the apprehension of the illieulties ami perils that when before him, mi drawing the promise of success from lie justice of his cause. Hence lie was ersevering, leaving nothing iintini-lio-l ; ree from ail taint of obstinacy in his firmcss ; seeking, ami gladly reeeiviving advice, ut. immovable in his d'-votedne^s to right Of a " retiring modesty :in?l habit'.ial ref*rve," his ambition was no more than the onscionsness of his power, a* <1 was snborniate to his sense of duty ; he took the ufiiinsi. jiiiire, ior lu: Knew trout Inborn nagnanimity, that it belonged to liim, and io dared not withhold tSi? service require.] >f liihi ; so tint, with all his 11tiutility, lie vas liy necessity (lie first, though never for j limself or for private ends. lie loved fame, j ho approval of coming irenerations, Uie rood opinion of his fcllowmen of his own inn*, and lie desired to make his cnnduci wincide with thoir wishes; hut not fear of 'ensure, not tin* prospect of applause, ould tempt him to swerve from rectitude iikI the praise which he coveted, vas the vmpathy of that moral sentiment which 'xists in every human breast and goes forth mlv to the welcome of virtue. There have heen sol dies who have achiev <1 mightier victories in the field, nnd made onquests more neatly corresponding to the joundlessncss of scllish ambition ; statesneu who have been connected with more tartlin^ upheavals of society ; but it is t!it, jreatost of Washington that in public rusts he u*ed power solely for the public rood ; that he was the life, and moderator, md stay of. the most momentous revolution, n human affairs, its moving impulseand its estraining power. Combining the cenripetal and the centrifugal forces in their itmost strength at.d in perfect relation, villi creative grandeur of instinct he ljild 'uiu it) check,and renewed and perfected he institutions of his country. Finding ho- colonies disconnected and dependent, 10 left them such a nnitcd and well-ordered loTrjmonwealth as no vi-ionary and believed a be possible. So that it has been truly aid, " he was fortunato as creat and tron<l'' . - . o O - ' *. ? Pr. Soutl) saya: "The tale-hearer and he tale-hearer should be hanged up l>oth> ogether?the former by''the tongue, the atler by the cur." * ' ' * ??f * Better to be upright with poverty than wicked with plentv. 1 t -i . r w-'t Jerirod say a that young boys who marry old maids, "gather in the spring of life the golden fri)iu of aututqp," ? ii ... - ! CHCOINEAL CULTIVATION IN TFNKKIFFE Tli? brilliant carmine of the painter, :u the ri< h scarlet and crimson colors of t silk ami woolen dver, are produced from ! small l?ii?r which feed* on the cactus |>1 :n ' This in-eet, called " cochineal," was iiukuov I ill Kuropc ln-fore the discovery of this co ; linent. It was lii-t exported hv the Spa 1 iarus IVoiii Mexico, whore it. was employ. I?y the natives in producing those hcautif !cl colors on leathers, wiiich were made i.i livers curious Indian fabrics. Coehiii"\! sold at from one dollar mid a half' to tv <1- !i ns p r p.e:a l. At on.- p--ri<?l, its en t.v.i'iuii wa- iiiosiiv limited to Mexico i?t"< t t fill! it !;!! !V hern r\-!?nd?d In MliiOJ- run !ii?.,t \vi:ii wry pruiiiaole returns (o I no wSi.? haw iii il. Its iiitr?i<2tii*lii and |>iv<i-:;t > ?-n!itv;iti>?ii in tin: i land of r.-n.-rili'.- forms :i remark aMe fj ^1 * in tin- lsi:.'.oiy of tin- j?!::ti::m 1 peon i>! i3i.1t \v?>ti. ? {":?i 1, w i i-1 Vulcan [n.a'iv i-? s.e*.'i liwlll Jilal" I'll tllO oeeall, tov rint; lip. iike a liufjt: sti^nr loaf, I well thousand f* < t info the hlue vault ahov Fur t]> " ?; hundred wars I his island had ! < < :i villi' producing Mitiiitrv, and wine was tl |>iiii<*i|>:il article uf iis commerce? as nsiu as j'ip. s l'>-intf cxpoiU-d annuallx and win) w??n!< 1 have tlioii'jfht that it. evi would he otherwise? Hut sometimes i? vi Inti'iiis take place in the natural, as well t tin* social world, and ahotit yoa a^o, ' tin! hand-wiiliiiir <>f doom"' wont fort ti^ains1. tin: wines of TotieriUe. The "vii disease" fell upon the vineyards, the I'm withered. the jiiants died, find starva'.ie staled liic people in tin- faee. The Am?*r can vi..>i'!< wliich u<ed !< freq'ient (lie isJan lo exchange ll-mr atnl provisions fur win dcscit< d the harhors. What wore the pe< jili: do ? Some years previous (in 1 SP?.>) a naliv jim'Ii ina'i. knowing that the cochineal w.i cultivated proilia'nlv in Honduras, thon^l it iniitht he eoiially so in T'-ni iill'.-. J1 tlicp f.ire inti*'dncod the cactus piant. an its attendant insect, and set on', a euchino.-i plantation, "i'lio ]k>'>|i!<* around hi:ii. hlinde hy a strange fanaticism, th'iioht that tli iMiltivation of the cactus was somoihinrr ii siiIt;no io the vine, and they destroyed hi plantation at niiflit. I >:it heinfj a man o sotnc determination, and .-npported, happili in his views ly government, ho was so on I'onr.i^o ! as to adhere in his clloit* to en! tivsita it ;?< mwnsiflw ?** II.i -w.' v? ? *-? III l*nin I in Iv spots, ;tn<1 l:c was at last rew;?idci 1 mi all his trials au<l labors. W !i i (li ?'rap.-s died, am! despair seemed to s.-!il iK?\\ n upon the people, a- til-: viim was iln i principal dependence, tlic <pii."?li<>n was-.11 f.-uli, "Why not try to coiivcit the abin ibmed ainl withered vineyards into cochinc;i plantation* j*' A furor seemed to >ei.'.<j tie people in its favor, as it ha<l already l.eei lemons! rated that tho coc.hiucal insee propagated rapidly, and tho cactus lloiu idled luxuriantly. The deserted vineyard were converted into fields of the cactu plant, and such a profitable investment wa never made before iu the culture of the soil even in the palmiest days of wino-growing An acre of ground .set out with the ?ac!u plant, yields about 300 pounds of coi hiuea and under the most favorable circuinstall i'Cs oOO pounds, for which the owner r< ceives about *:5I0. The peasant woinei nuture patches of tlie cactus around thei cottages, and thereby acquire eonsiderabl convenient lit tie sums for domestic, purpose: as the cochineal is always marketable, am in demand. The cochineal iij-ioe t rcNcmliles. a plum] rosebug w Sk-ii dried. The female | aivnt produce Vfiini* in very great numbers; tli males rt.'-?Mul>i-* gnats, are very sliort-livc*? and are low in num!?<-r in comparison will tin* t'?*!iril- >. Tin- latter, when young, ar white, l<nt giaduaily become purple in eolol by secreting ilio fluid derived from tlie plan ?that for wnich it is s> valuable. Whoi lilted with this secretion, these insects ar shaken oil' the plants, placed on c lean boards ami dried in ovens, which process j rep a re tliclil for maket. It ought to humble personal hum^v pi id when it is consj.lercd that its gratification i oftentimes duo to very despised FOUrcfe! Thus the cochineal insect?or bug of tli cactus plant?is employed to put the artif cial rose on the pale cheek, and the hlooi on the new scarlet uniform iu which tli young soldier takes sue] prido. At som future day, cochineal may become an objej of culture in Florida and Texas, where th cactus ami its purplo insect abound.?Sc c.ntijic American, Now.?Mr. Emerson, in hi* lecluro o ' Works and Days," said many thing worthy to be repeated a thousand time Among the numerous striking passages tlw lodge in our inemory is the following The days are God's best sifts to man. bti liko many oilier gifts, |>;iss by unheede ami unappreciated. Wo ask ft friond, whn ftre you doing now '1 and "are answered, kiiiio Lrcu doing thus and so, and am goin to dbmmence some other work<soon, bi just now I ain not doing anything. Au yet wo complniir that wo havo no time. A Indian chief of the Six Nations onco sni a wiser tlrftig" than any philosopher. white man remarked- in his hearing that fa had not time enough. Well, replied Re Jacket, gruffly, I suppose you havo all Ihei is I lie is the wisest and best man wh civn crowd tho most good actions inl nQU>, COTTON IN INDIA. ml Tln-ro lias just. I>een issued, in London i c i l>y order of tho IIousc of Commons, si a thick "Mu?* hook*' of papers, relating to tlit it. measures tak' ii since 1817, to promote tin ni cultivation of cotton in India, among wliicli n* wo find mueli interesting correspondence n- and statistical matter in referenco to tin* ox''d |><-riuivnt^ <*onduct cd l>y Messrs. J. Q. IVicti ul and I1'.".!. Terry. Tlies? gentlemen, l?otli to- American citizen*, were engaged l>v tin ' * (ioverouK'nt of India, at salaries of rupees [>< ; nioutli. cxc!\i'.:vc of tlioir traveling i \|?iiTlio experiment of tlieii r. eoi!it>atii<'t, Mr. lilount, in 1 St.'land 18-1-1, II ri-'illted in t'.ii!lll-i> wliii-li ic :i"..1 commissioner :it Ucnares (o!iis having ti entirely <*<>nfined 11is operations t?i is Am< rican cotton -ill Amcrican processor i. m|* cultivation. .iti'i lt> liis having restricted It.* them, moreover, to a single locality in <?oic rucli|?JYvpcriinonts made at the. same v- time in I umlvlcund were equally unsuccessre fill, owing, it is said, to tin- dryness of the c. atmosphere, and the absence of water; but >n ttjioi: this point tie-ro are various opinions le expressed l?y ditlerent persons. In 1847' li the lai!nre of Mr. Terry's health and his i return to America, rendered it necessary to -r ahandoti all operations in the district ot >- Uunirpore; ami tho results of the cxperiis uietits ar Daeea, under Mr. Price, wore far is from encouraging. The Court of Directors h were of opinion, however, that the want o^ io success in the cultivation of American, lVrit nambueo and 1 ?nrl>**n cottons did not pron e.-ed from unfitness of soil or climate, but . tn iiiwcci, which ucstroyeu 1 :i laig; proportion of the pods. i', The failure r?l* thy experiment upon for> eign cotton imlucud Mr. 1'iicc to turn his ' attention to tin; improvement of the indige ?'!i?>us descriptions, an :i!i experiment with is seed from Patna was commenced upon the it ! government farm* ; t Dacca in 1847.? ? Further trials were also inside with Liour 1 h<iii cotton, which had succeeded better than d j the American, ami with S-'a Island, South 1 j American ami Mexican. Xwne of the lat? ter succeeded so well as to induce a eoni j linuauce of tli?? attempts to acclimatize s tlicin, ami tlie experiments of the followf ' ing year were confined to 1'atna and Hour| Itvjn cotton. The cotton which lie liad sent i- If) Liverpool was valued as follows: llotir j l>ou 0 l-'Jd., Indian 5d. In seven years, e however, an outlay of 41,100 rupees had i! i I'eMiked in tiie production of cotton to e ! the value of onlv 580 rupees; and Mr. I . | lYici , sanguine a-^ lie had been, and mortii' tie.d as he naturally was at his want of suct ees-. could li>'l<l oul no inducement for the j < Government in persevere in a longer experiil ; nieiit in the Dacca triei. lie proposed, ; however, that a new experiment should be i j tumie, eittier in Tencasserius or in the isI j land at tluj mouth of the Megna; but tli i Sa<li '?T Hoard of Revenue reported unfavor s j ably of both suggestions, and the Governs incut concurred in the inexpediency of s adoplmg tlicjin ' Subsequently Mr. Price was sent into ' Assam for llie purpose of selecting a suita* s b!e locality fur the cultivation of cotton in ' that province, and a small experiment wns made nt Muttue.k, both with native and nc; climated American seed, but with no bet" ter results. This locality was abandoned iu lSii'2, and the services of Mr. Price disc pcnsi.d with ; but, in 18of, he was deputed N I t.? Pegu, dot to make experiments, but to ascertain its csipabililies for the production of cotton, and to report thereon to the ^ , Government. He inspected the principal * cotton lands in the valley of tlie Irrawaddy, ' j tiie sum of liis observations being that the ' indigenous cotton of Pegu is of good qua'r 1 | i.y, that iu tho prist times it was produced "" ) in considerable quantities, and that the '' Prome district contained an extensive area ' I of land suitable for its cultivation, n . , e Concurrently with these experiments in Assam and Pegu, others were being made ' iu the north-west Provinces. In 1830, the s * Indian Govenment entered into an arrangement with Mr. Tiol 1 for experimental cultivation of cotton iu tho neighborhood of IS A'^ra, an advance of 132,000 rupees being \ inado on the understanding that any profit I which might- result from the transaction, after repaying without interest the money advanced, should ho paid over to Mr, Hell, Tlio plantations having been commenced L late in the season, tlio first crop amounted to ouly 0,000 mannds, which coat 54,000 rupees; tlio report of tlio brokers, wlft valued the specimens at 6tl. per pound, was highly favorable as regards their color and r. cleanness, but not so in respect of the staple, <t which was stated to be too short for genera ral purposes. It realized in England from it 2 f) 8>I. to 4 3-4(1. per pound. The agree ment was renewed in 1847, but the pro? it dneo of that year was very inferior in J color and cleanness to the specimens sent X to Liverpool iu the preceding year, wilhI out any improvement in the staple, and q realized Manchester only from 4 l-4d. to i? 4 l-2d; per pound. As tho shortness of (j staple which renders Bengal cotton -of little p value in the English market, iin thtfeet* d which Mr. Bell could not remedy, the Court \ of Direptiors desired tb#t the expert ip mental operations under xbij# superintend dence should he brought to a close, and the o affair was tliorefore wound up. The higho est. price realized by the shipments of 184& io was 3 3-4J. Samples were sent to U ? 1 Chamber of Commerce and the Comjnera k ' cinl Association of Manchester, to the prin ( cipal lookers in Liverpool, an<l to Mr. I'ilki itigtoii, ?ino of I he largest dealers ami man ufacturers, who nil eoncurrcil in the opin; ion express* d in lormer years, that the i shortness of the staple in a defect* ren' during them of comparatively little value to the English inanufactiiror, though they i had been prepared with very great earc, i and rendered as valuable as the original | rpiri.itv of the c<?tton would admit. 1 i Shortly after the commencement of Mr. | Hell's experiments, namely, in IS IV, I >r* ' ( Sill was deputed to the .lullumb-r ?!inlri?-t, , | in the IVioab, or the country between the ! j Manges ami the Jnmna, to inquire into its ; | capabilities for the production of a superior ' 1 Itkt (i.ll ..I .tulimi li*"" 1. ... ? ' ; j :ui'l another made upon the same district j by Sit J. F/iwrence, tin" present Coinmis' siuiicr of (lie I'unjauh, llio Indian Govern1 incut was of opinion lliat tIto I>ooab oilers ! no peculiar advantages for the cultivation of ! j cotton over those possessed by several other I districts in the lioilh-west Provinces; and I that, though cotton of good quality is I grown in some parts of the Dooah, and its i cultivation could no douht lie extended, as j nearly the whole country was covered alj ready with fine crops of wheat, barley and ; sugar canes, it was not advisable to incur i any expense to encourage its cultivation, the self-interest of the aijricnlt.nrali.st being deemed suilicent to induce them to devote more capital and labor to its production whenever it offers promises of better rcj numeration. The sample forwarded to London resembled Dengal cotton of fair | quality, and were too short in the staple to | be used for general purposes. In 1850, an f experiment was made at Cawnpore with j Mexican seed lv Mr. l?ruco, deputy collec! tor at that place, and a sample of tho proJ duce was sent to Mr. Hell, at Agra, who ! thus wrote of it : " If Mr. lirnce could culi tivate, commercially, which is very dilferont from a garden sample, such cotton, he will have solved the problem of the ability of India to compete with America. I think it the host cotton I have seen in this conn try." This was vauled in Calcutta at 5 1 2d* per pound. Dr. Forbes Roylo, in a report which we find among these papers, states that the bc*t method of improving the Indian cottotton would be, to scloct the districts where the best cottons are already produced, the next best to introduce good seed into districts where inferior cottons are produced. F?.?th suggestions have been availed of, and the results of inquiry and experience has i been to stimulate tiio production of cotton to the degree shown by recent official returns. In 1853, the total e\'| oitation of cotton from India to Englau 1 was 1,296,2 13 lbs.; that of the United Status 6,085,977 lbs.; in 1S56, India sent 1,611,577 lbs.; and the United States 6,9i4,643 lbs,; and in 1857, India 2,233,162, lbs.; and the United States 5,846.054 lbs. So that, while the supply received from America had diminished, that from India had nearly doubles. ?New York Timet. The Interior of North America.?Prqf. Ilenry, of the Smithsonian Institution, hns colh'cted facts respecting the interior of the United Slates, which will command the at tention of scientific men and statesmen. The induction from these facts is, that the entire region of the United States west of the 98th degree west longitude, (say the western boundary of Minnesota.) with the exception of a small portion of Western Texas and tho narrow border along the Pacific, (including Califonia,) is a sterile waste of comparatively little value, and which can never bo available to the agriculturist. The importance of this statement will bo more fully comprehcrded when it is considered that tholincof Prof, IJcnry, which extends southward from Lake Winnipeg to the Mexican Gulf, will divide the surface of the United States into two nearly equal parts. The intenso heat and extreme dryness of this region, which will m;?ko tho Great American Plains n barren waste forever, iB caused to a great extent, ^cpordmg ?o Prof. Henry's theory, by the fact that tho returning trade winds, sweeping over the elevated masses of J,he llocky Mountains, are deprived of their moisture 5 in other words, the heated air which ascends at the equator, saturated with moisture it has extraqted in ils passage over tho ocean, after depositing a . portion of ils vapor in the trooies at the rainy season, it is further distorted by the ridges and mountains which It meets, the vapor being condensed* on the windward sHe by the cold due to the increased verti cal light, and it finally passes over and strikes llio plaid as'tlr^ as a sponge wliiph has beffn thor.qugjjly. squeezed. Without moisture there opu be no fertilty, no* Agriculture, and-a grcal portion of this wifderness, according to Prof. Uenry, is as irredeemable barren', far the purpose of agriculture. as tha daferu of Africa. If this theory be true/ft will greatly Aodify the opinions whioh have been entertained by politicians and ?tatesn\?n ^(lia/utqre de?tiby ppJbQ-" Oneqf SgfSuraitow, speaking of ? larg^ !^?^mporary? remarked that if all f}?dtr ifra/gf-as*, bo must be a load ot. bay. y % >'|jniM>eet J^amJ1 said the fat man,; *r from the way xGe donkeyo are nibbling at ii?*' <* '*' * . <?% - ?dlCE9 ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS OF THE WESTGRAVE CREEK MOUND. As we are about lo celebrate the first st tlement of the whites in Ohio, it may n be without interest to gliincoai the antiqt ties of that people who long preceded tl whites. The valley of the Ohio is remarkable f the vast number of its antiquities. Inevei form of fortification, monument, altar, torn the Ohio valley is strewed wish the meni rials of an ancient people. The Miami ai j Scioto valleys are peculiarly rich in tliei i Cincinnati itself was the site of ancient fu . tilioatiort's. and Fort Ancient, as it now staiii I on the Miami, is a gigantic work. Tl surface of a srrtiun through the parapc i where the ro:ul pases out, is nearly foi hundred square feet! When such a p:tr | pet is continued for miles, the reader in: ; imagine with what labor that work w I made. Cirdeville, Chiliicothe and Mai i etta, all stood on the. sites of ancient town j defended by great fortifications, i At Crave Creek, below Wheeling, is 01 i of the most interesting localities for the ! antiquities. Tumuli am! parapets mark tl j >ito of some important place ; but amor j them the Creat Mound rises as the speci ! monument of the place. It is 09 feet i i pcrpendietil-ir height, 820 feet in circumfe eiK-c at I In; base, and 93 feet in diumctor : the top. Its solid contents are cah-.ulalt at 175,000 cubic feet. The interior of tli inoiind contained a finished chamber, and stone with an unknown inscription. Tli inscription has recently become the snbjpi of a most elaborate discussion before t! I American Ethnological Society at Ne j- Voile, in consequence of a denial by M j II G. Squier of the authenticity, or ratln j existence, of that inscription. Before wo notice the proceedings of tl: Kthnological Society, we should here sta that the whole question was settled at Cii cinnati twenty years ago. In 1838, M Tomlinson, then proprietor of the Grai Creek Mound, employed laborers to ope the mound and give it a thorough invest gation. It was always supposed that tl mound contained the grave or monumci of some great person. In the interior wj found a chamber which had originally bee lined or ceiled with wood. Some remaii of the same general character with thos in other mounds were found. A stone wi also discovered, on which was an inscrij lion. The discussion before the Ethnologic; Society was full of interest. Tt resulted i an acknowledgment by Mr. Squier that I was mistaken. The conclusion is tin given : Dr. Dellass discussed with groat fore and clearness every point at issue. II touched tho subject in all its bearing; clearly showing that he ha?l investigated in every particular. lie supported liis pc si lion by letters from many of the mos distinguished citizens of north-western Vii ginia. Ilis mass of material, under th head of evidence, is perfectly Qvorwhelmirtj on all points affecting the credibility of th inscription. Much of this he could not rea< for want of time. Ilis own paper opcijpiei about two hours in delivery. Ilaving concluded, Mr. Squter rose aq< addressed the meeting. lie stated, ill i few words, that he had relied upon Dr Morion as a careful and distitigiiished in vestigator of American archaeology. II disclaimed any personal feeling upon tin subjoct. n? wished the facts in the ease and now that Dr. Dellsiss had, with grea care and industry, collected thpse facta, in was happy to receive them, and willing t< say that the point was clearly established Ir Dr. Dellass that Dr. Clemens didoommu njcato to Dr. Morton an accouut of the in scriptinn stone found at Grave Creek. 1I< would like some additional facts about tin identical discovery, and closed by movinj a vote of thanks to Dr. Dellass for his p? per just read, Dr. Dellass regretted to detain the Ho ciely, hut he was in possession of full fact about the discovery, which he had not bfeei abjo to read for want of time. lie worh simply read an extract from the affidavit o Mr. A. Ti. Tomlinson, wlio found the tab let. Having read this portion of Mr. Tom linson's affidavit, with tho simple remar) that lie had abundant additional evitjenci on that head, he submitted tho question t* the Society. Tho response was general tfia the whole question had been fully ftrw satisfactory settled. The vote of thank was then put and unanimously carried. The inscription on the Grave Creek stone and others like it, will, wo fear, never b interpreted. The unknown race who-8ettle< this continent from Asia, who (whether th same race found hefo by Europeans or not must- have brought with th< m some remain of civilization { who here built cities ant fortresses; who fought great battle* ; whos bones the plough turns amidst thegreei fields} who, after-a mighty struggle, hav perished ' frottf tlieir ancient places?thi race, we fear, will hvo only in history < There was formerly a large and cut lou bird, which is now extinct, and a singl specimen of wbieh remains in the Britisl Museum. The lime, perhaps, is not far d'u taut when the museums will contain all" ths remains of the Indian. The description c the writer ami the portrait df the paint may gife posterity. some idea of his eppeai Race and character, hot the reality will font?' Pr^iu/a civilian point of. vj*w jty' .t . is not to be regretted. But wo should rw^ rtiember that there were whdle lives of nations bound up in this lost history. It fur(j rtishes a hint to ourselves that our history, )C our early records, should be written with the point of a diamond and ertgraved in lend. Tliis must lie dono iri the lartgungo of a living iiteratriro. When Tncitris wrot?? ry . ? . .. ? ^ these ancient nations of America were aiivo o :in?l vigorous; but now they are dead, and j he lives in iri)mortal history.? Cincinnati Guzct tc. r. HOW DO YOU D5T Is National forms of Ralution are true in1C dices of national character. The whole ,t history of a race may bo found iri the die* e " i;r . .. ui iis i.-mguage, Words and phraa. ses are ilm offspring of previously existing iv though is and circumstances, and ;ls tlifir paternity is reailly traced. -j. Tims, among all savage and warlike peoIS> pie, tho common salution conveys a wish or a prayor, that tlie person saluted m?}' enjoy 1P pcace, the greatest good of individuals ami se of nations, and the boon most frequently withheld In that phaso of life. Throughijnr out the Rililij ihis is the invariable blessing a| ?shalum i and the wandering Bedouins of in the desert have, to this day, the same form r. of saltHiori; Another phrase of theirs, "if nt Clod will thou ait well," betrays the fatal.(1 ism of islam: js " Peace be unto thee," says the fluent a and facile Persian ; " I make prayer* for is lhy greatnessmay thy shadow never t?t be less !" This Inst form smacks of sum,e mer and the South. Such a sahitiort would w make a Northman shiver, tt ahotfrs, too,? great respect fol* fat?for a dignified, aldcrcr manic rotunility. The Greeks, a joyful people; full of tho ie l''gor a hfe of action, expressed their aalle utat ion in a single woWl?"rejoice." The commercial and cnt'erp':*;ng Genor ese of the middle ages, used to Say, Sene:c taia qucdctflno*?"Health and gain,"?than ,n which no phrase could bo nioro characteri ^l'C,e In a similar spirit, tho "swaggering Hol,t lander" salutes you with Hoe varaCt ge ? vs " IIow fare you ?" n The oasy, phlegrriatift Gorman says Lo,9 ben sic xbohl !?"Live thou well 1" ie The Frenchman's Comment Vous portrx is vous -?"IIow do roll .-.if#" ). reveals the very soul of the French charactor. Itow is the formularity; Hnd not what. J And then the portez vdus\ how well it exn preses tho eager restlessness and vivncioim 10 manners of that nation. Conimcnl ea va is til- is of the 6ame-tone and character. John Bull and Brother Johuiithan, in a ie heart}', hut business like tbhc, greet you 0 with "How do you do ?" What could ho S) more characteristic of the great and potenit tial Anglo Saxon race. To do, of courto ?of this there is no question ; it w the all it of life; but how do you ?" " How are you?" This eriibfraces all?health, wealth, 0 power, knovvletlgo: WHat more could one rr say? and hero It !s all in three words?. ? "IIow are you ?" "IIow do you do?'* : Again the aiiswef ' Well"?I do well f 1 Reader, "IIow do you do ?"?Life Illustrated. j % JSxperinicnt with Plaster.?Editor Fret' . man :?t give you my experience in the ufo . of plaster, for the benefit of your many sub2 scribers. In the spring of '55, I planted a two ami a half acres of potatoes on green* sward, part of it broke in the fall and part t in tho spring, in rows three and a bllf u apart, dropping cut seed, one piece to n j hill once in eighteen inches, I put about ? ^ level table spoonful of plaster on each piece before covering, oti all the field, except one row, which 1 left without any. In autumri ,, when I dug the same, there was, in the row Q without plaster two bushels in the row ; ^ each side of the same, having plaster oi? them, two and a half busheU each. There were on the piece 525 busheU?credit to . plaster 65 bushels. The credit yrni QWlftff 9 to the size, there being as many in number, in the two bushels with plaster, as there j wore in tho two and a half with plaster, f The soi) w)V a light loam, inclined to Bandym I havo tried several experiments since witli I nllltlOr Oll/l nflK/w cnnn ? l- - ? .I *' "* w>i\? iwuyjj otjmmiu nuu tugeiner, ine . results of my experiments are that plastere alone is better than either alone. Fronv 5 experience I plant no potatoos without plas, t l?r' * Natural Hieroglyphics.?Grand animal* 8 trod this globe in hundreds of thou?and*v fur thousand*, of years, and left their skalr '> etons behind; and the geologist uncovers B their strange forms from the ice gravel of * Russia, the mud of tho Pampas, and gyp*. e sum of Montmatre, and learns to decipher. ) their history, as Ranlinson interpreted the 9 inscriptions of lhibaylon and Nineveh, not ^ pnssago by passage and linp tyf bu^ 0 letter by letter, l>OPP by ho.ifi, tooth -Kjfi 11 tooth, and stratum by stratum; till the d1& e interred sktile^ua bepftpip living jitnetM*^ H and the hyg"P? !*i?tor? of myriAdf of ptaji ages stand 9 Valley, ? e ? *?? >? . h The pditor of an exchange faya he aevftf i. . ? H ww oui pnp gnotf, that wm the glfoit r of a tinner who (tied >ithopt ptyibg..'i(pj >f his paper. " Twa? horrible to loolruit* ,.i . ?? .... i'm /WO m**l 'r. ?"*. ji , Pt Stealing.never makes amtf riahi'mimf *. ?* .Wwli ig. Ijiodejrt a tj^an't businffg. vi j-.I : '**1