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fVrf ? of th /? ??,V I 7VrtM?? / t A BTUDKNT IW1SL AT HKIDKLVBHU 11 LII*KI lU.Kii, .1 111 V - Ill ll"0 " pHul old tlayit" wlifii lt<>kli'll>i,r<r I'nivnsity imrIutwl rhivalron* sviilimriilK as wi-ll ? * Ili<> nils niul rcictii'o, fVri v slii'K'iil was ul I to join u rlnl? I'oniH'tl I'luin his <i?ii emiii try men. In Iliway national |?r?*jn?lin?nolo sllotijjlhoi, nii'l piivalo as \vt*lI as jiuli j lie qu;iri?'ls sprang up Im>I\vovii llm <IiH<T uiit " I.aiut.-iiK'ii," as t-asilv as in lliosi- tiiii?'- , wlicn I lie swor?l was \v?>nt lo spring I'mni ! its scabbard. Those chilw were supposed, in llu; time f v - 1 i . ? UI .>apoieoll, lO pONSCSH lull 111IK-ll lllllUUIICi' iiml were consequently sn|?i>r?M.s*?.| as "national," but allowed to continue as mere ! "college" cliques; ami in tlm names '"Swa | bian," " Prussian," Ac., which arc adopted ' by the present "corps" of the I'diversity, j we Iiml u reason for the oiigin of stuilriit i duelling, which obtains to such an extent ! throughout (Jcrmany. These clubs, composed of young men"' all ranks, and from all nations. w-A limit , personal quarrels or national aM'uiositks, ' challenge one another to s^'gle c??nil?il merely for the honor of I li< "corps," ?n:is some say, lo keep lip tlat oM spirit of "Kit- j terhood" which lb" more practical ago is i?|>t to despise. At ativ r>*'<'? the d:ir!s lake place, dative- ! ous and disfiguring wounds arc given and recoiled, audit is my purpose at litis lime merely to describe llio pioccss ;is ii fi ll mi- j A;r my observation on :t pleasant afternoon j of last week. The "Swabians" in green !j caps, and the " Vandals" in red, were ti> j test the prowess of their best sword>ineii? ! | and for tlii.s purpose r< j mi red, in broad day* . light, to the romantic, valley of" I !i iiinniis- , tube," which lies embosomi-d among hills. | just across the Neckar, an hour's walk fioin > Heidelberg. , Passing the small inn called the " Ilii.cli- , grasse," renowned as the place \\hci\? duels ' , in the olden time wcic fought, and when; i the kniiihts of the laud look the initiatoiv ... . " i steps in their cralt, the load winds aloiijj the side of the IIciligeiibcrg, giving charm- i it><! views oi llic old castle and the luvt.lv . . . . i environs of Ilci'lelberg, till it readies v " llrutincnstubc." J lore the hoists are Mi ( in charge of lliu servants : seiilinds are .sla I ... * tioned lo guar*.! against it tuitions, ami the; ( student (.some thirty arc present) procei'l . ^ to a level plat just under shelter uf tliv ' woods, but near enough lo the open valley ' lbr the sunlight to sparkle through the lo- ( liage. ; ( A steep bank furnishes seats for the coin-1 s pany; a couple of beer kegs are nivsteii ; , ously furnished, and the preparations for j t llic combat begin; the slont man in sliirl v sleeves is pointed out as tlio " I >oclor," an.I 1 j with 11 in aid the champions are armed I'm ; j the tight. This is ?piiie a process in itself s ?first the upper clothing is removed, and a ! v linen shirt substituted ; a thick band is wound on the muscular parts of the sword ,, aim, then covering after covering is added, |] till the arm which must do the culling ami ,| thrusting is so heavy and unwieldy that a v second person must hold it at right angks 1 (| with the owner's body till the moment ac- j ( tion arrives; next a ipiiltcd leathern apron \ ^ is made to cover the stomach and thighs; . and with a black silk stock of thick sul>- 1 t stance lo protect th- reck, the doughty , knight steps forth, with head and left side wholly unguarded except by the good 6word which is now given into his right hand.? The second tries the sharp and glistening blade, and while the champions on either side pause to take a glass of beer, we will rapidly sketch their name and station. I . The " Swabian" is reputed the best duel- | j, list in Heidelberg; his father is a good cler* j ( gyman of a neighboring village, who, while he condemns the practice of duelling in : n toto, is nevertheless pround of his son's ? skill. She young man of four and twentv ! : J . I" (old enough to know heller, and young j | enough to regret the necessity of keeping ,, up the credit of his 'corps' l>y cutting huge ; v gashes in his fellow-student's face) slops | boldly forth?a keen-eyed, well-lbrmeil j-, inan. The " Vandal" is the son of the ], Prussian minister to the Court of 1 laden? ' c a pale but resolute student of slighter make ' p than his antagonist, but full as eoul in de- i meanor. The seconds havo their light bide ! j. also protected by hujje yellow anions :m-l ' < with blunt swords stand by to interfere v when any false stroke is given or cxpeeteil,! The " Swabian" second is a certain Count t| Von Hennin, and llie " Vandal" seeond isn i jf man in specs, (probaly only a baron.) | " Fertig," cried the Count Von I leimin ; j. "Los"?and nt it they went; a very rapid ! (l and handsomely executed pass?and again j v they thrust and parried, till the word "Halt" 0 put a momentary stop to iho light; a sec- i v ond fight; a tccoud meeiing, and theSwa-! bian (as 1 afterwards learned, for it was not ;t mentioned on the ground,) received a slight | ^ cut on the forehead ; (he third encounter 0 was n series of lightning strokes and rapid evolutions with the keen blades, and inline- ,] diately after the word "Halt," 1 saw a t| stream of blood flowing down tho face ami c over tllA uliirt r.t ll- u tr ... ? ? ? ......v Ui u.u > anuai." Jlo was |} led away and the Doctor called. 'i'lio Swa- n bian walked coolly away and began to dress. The Vandal had received a cut j, some six inches in length ; beginning just ^ below the temple, it ran along tho cheek towards the nose, and then turned upward# making a slit wound?a very ghastly look- C ing thing, lie summoned all his pride, i, and bore the pain right manfully. They ^ washed tho wound, which bled profusely; w lie seemed faint, and sat down. The Swa- |j bians congratulated their champion, and a said it was a capital Btroke?a double ac- j, tion movement, which only a tskillful hand a could make. ^ Va nna (/? *' ?.?v vmv uwwm^M w IUCI IIISiL 111 1 ft WAS ft (*\ foolish mutilation, although the poor fellow o will be sick perhaps a month, and carry a d hideous bcur till thu day of Lib death. Af- ci Ii i a in..m. i)t\ Itlm sltcliMils IiiiiumI 1'n'iii tli" \v<>iiM>l?!'l iinn m:il?? pioparalions I'nr a wroinl ?ln?;K This wsis I'olwoon j iii<-.\|>?.*rii;iit*<*?1 ninl voiimr.-i Iin nilx is of liio ( ?"I'oxiV' as tlicy aii- U'liiicl. 'I Ius t'iinili;ilaiils wniv i\ip-> willi visor.?, ami oxliil-iU 'l little :-kill in Ili?* u<i* ?>f llmir wi?a|m?iis. ' iii<j rcotiivril a wound <>n tlio i-liim an<l tin.* ollici's i-:?r was <livi<lo?l into a couple ??l'j>arlb by a bungling llniisl of lii.s :i<lvt'i'f-ary, but. |Ih*n?! hwKwar*I displays wviu only laughed :if by tin? group of students. < Mm; young " Swahian'' was present with :i green shade lied over tins place wlioro one cvi; ought (t> have \teeji, l?ut it had li.eii "put out" ill a<luel on litis very spot. Tlte penally lor lighting inliiel is imprisonment, and litis ywing man had just heen pardoned I>v ll'*" t'l'and I Mike, and yet here he was, |.?td\ing <?n with Ids oiks eye, as if the fiseinalion of the lighting ground was tro great to l e resisted. The scene itself, in the wood, was at lea*t an interesting one,if not in all respects agreeable?the groups of line looking students ?the girded eomhats?the wounded man near the " Vandal'' leer-keg?the duelling apparatus?the oiderly deportment and earnest look of the young men ?and ....... ..II il... r.r. r <t. . . it ..... .... HIV -mil "I II1U liiu [IVC!i ; il \v;is the scene lor an artist. I had always supposed these duels mere hoy's play, although in the streets <?t- Heidelberg t^-ry lil'lli student lliat one meets lias a sear or ugly wound on liis faeo?!>ul mIk ii the fact is known that sneli a wt>nn<l us J saw given, if it had passed a half inch I'm liter to the I ft, would have destroyed ihc eye <?1 the student, this soil <>t" duelling K-eins very lidle like hoy's play?hoy's i ii.ii. inbuilt.-! UOIIHI WU UIO OOUel' W'OI'i.l. 15til further reflections will suggest tlieinoives to any one who will think lor a moaent upon tin; ollVet which would bo pro ueed in ail American college bv the introinctiou of some sucli barbarous custom of lie middle ages among the students. IXC >.\.\T. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GULF STREAM. i The general desciipliuii of the (?ill I* j ;ln-:iiii, apart from any present <|iicstion as ! o its sniiifcs, is that of a vast and rapid j iceau riurelit, issuing from the basin of he .Mexican CI nil" and Carribean Sea.! louhling the Southern Gape of Florida, pressing forward to the northeast, in a line luiost parallel to the American coast;' imching on the southern borders id' the ; rami JSaulcs of Newfoundland, and at i oinc sea.-ous partially passing over them ; lieiico, with increasing width and diffusion, ia verging the whole hteadth uf the Atlantic, nth a ceiitial direction towards the Ihitish slcs;r.nd finally losing itself, l?v still wider ilfusion, iu the Hay of IJiseay, on our hores, and upon the long line of the Norwegian coast. Its identity in physical hararters is preserved throughout the ; mny thousand miles of its continuous 1 ow, the only change undergone is that of Icgreo. As its waters gradually commingle lilll those of the. 111..' Icrj? blue tint declines, their high tempera- ' lire diminishes, tin: speed willi which tlicy ' ness forward abates. JSuL taking the j tream in its total course, it well warrants lie vivid description of cur author, and the >atnu he bestows upon it of "a liver in the ' cean." This epithet is, in truth,singularly i ppropriate to this vast current, so constant nd continuous in its cour.sc; and so ' trangely detached from the great mass of cean waters; which, while seemingly cleft ; sunder to give path to its first impulse, arc ; et ever pressing upon it, gradually impairig its force, and destroying its individuals j y. The maximum of velocity, wlicre tlic I ream quits the narrow channel of l>emini> hiclt compresses its egress from the gulf, j > about four miles an lionr; oft' Cape I at t eras, in North Carolina, where it has aiued a breadth of seventy live miles, the elocily is ieduced to three miles. On the aiallel of the Newfoundlnni.1 Uai.ks it is uther reduced to one and a half miles an our, and this gradual abatement of force is , 01.tinned across the Atlantic. The temeraluru of the current undergoes a similar liange. The highest observed is about 83 'ah. Between Cape JIatteras and New- , mndland, though lessened in amount, the j I'arinth of the stream in winter is still j iventy fivo or thirty degrees above that of lie ocean through which it (lows. Nor i this heat wholly lost when it reaches and > spread over the coasts of Northern airope. The waters thus constantly flowing j us from the Ironical rr><rinn?i luin.r , .... w, , rarmtli, as well as abundant moisture, to ur islands; and Ireland, especially, upon 'liicli they more directly infringe, doubtless , crives much of its peculiarity of cliinale, ,s moisture, its verduro and abundant veguutious, from ibis suurcc. Hut tlio iniluenco , f the Gulf Stream docs not stop even here. Hie climate it may be said to convey, is ; ifl'used over tlio wliolo Norwegian coasts, lie aspects and produce of which singularly , onlrast with those of the corresponding Uiludcft in North America, Greenland, nd Siberia. Other causes, doubtless, conributo to this effect, but none, we approend, so largely or unceasingly.?Edinurgh Review. Riches not Happiness.?The late Mr. lirard, of Philadelphia, when surrounded y immense wealth, and supposed to be ta- ( ing supreme delight in its accumulation, ( rrote thus to a friend : " As to myself, I < vo like a <*a1Iav ulnvo r>/\no??.??#l? ~??s--1 ' ? 0 J TO.mwmiJ UWUJIICU| j nd often passing tlie night without sleep* ig. I ain wrapped in a labyrinth of affairs, nd worn out with care. - I do not value >rtune. The lovo of labor is my highest 8 motion. When I iiso in the morning, my ^ nly effort is to labor so hard during the t ay, that when the night comes, I may bo c uablud to bleep bouudly," s MINISTKKS A* KDUOATOKS. An intelligent and well edne?t.<| luwyi'i i of 111is city, a 111:111 of activo alid thoughtful iniitil, devoted to hi* profession and sn< j cess fill in il, said to us a fuw days since' I " I feel myself moro indebted to my miirs- ^ ' lor llian to any other living man, for the' I ideas wliich lie gives 1110; for tin- thoughts which In? suggests, not on religious subjects j only, hilt on all subjects. My mind recurs to I In-lit often dining the ffi'i-k; ami 1 liiul | myself <|iiiclicned, instructed, ami mentally i invigorated, hy having been in contact oil | the Sahhath with micIi a serious, thoughtful , an<l well-cultivated mind." This gentle- , man i* in some respects particularly forlu- | ; uatu in his church-associations ; is permit-j : ! tod to enjoy the ministrations of n pastor i j who has probahly no .superior, certainly in .? j tlit* most important ami radical elements o( < excellence as a preacher, among American i clergymen. JWit how many others might t say the same thing? How many, even, ] who arc now hardly conse'otisof their in- > ilchtcdness in this direction, would find, it* 1 tlicy should thoroughly analyze and Coiisid t er their own mental progress, that more I than two newspapers, magazines, hooks, > t more than to casual intercourse with ac- ' i juaintanccs or regular social intercourse ( with friends, more than to the studies and plans ami st rubles of tin- counting room, : they owe to their Minister, and his discour- s scs IVoiii I he pulpit or in tin; lecture-room, s their host ideas, their nohlust and happiest I plans <>l' life, their most genial and fruilftd i mental growth. The direct agency which I tlie ministry thus exerts in the education of | the popular mind of the country can hardly f ho estimated ; and those who are not rcli- i jjiously disposed, may at least he respectful v and corteons to the pulpit for the general 1 enlightenment, and the mental and r.ocial v ivlim......I I : I : ' VHMCII 11 UOHSl.-IIIliy I distributes. 1 ll is milch, as our friend intimated, siui- v ply l<> bo brought two or throe times every c week into direct contact and communication _ with a mind tliat lias boon .studious, l thoughtful, and meditative, while wc have s been hurried from work, incessantly occupied and perplex'd with engagements, in- ,] tout mi doing llie present thmg iirst, and > the next thing next, ami without either leis- }| ure, facilities, or almost faculties, for quiet i studies, and gradual and elaborate processes j. of thought. A healthful and animating in- (J iluence breathes upon us through the con- ( tact. Our subsequent slate of mind if not ,, more thoughtful and intellectual, is less lir- ]( gently practical, less strained and strenuous, j. If ve do not ourselves study more thercaftor, we are at lea-it more sensible than be- s fore of the value and beauty of suc.li 'still (1 studies and the clamor of daily atl'air.s and j, efforts do not drown so completely, our j ^ liner sense of the majority of thought, and j t:?e supremacy or Initli. 'J lie themes which the minister meditates ?< and presents, too, arc themselves the grandest in the compass' of thought, ami they have the widest ami the most various rela Cl tions (o all feuhjects of inquiry. A most various r eally well-considered and iustruc- ^ live discourse lias a score of outlooks, which ^ tlie preacher may indicate in words or not, <. ?which are sometimes better suggested without words,? towards principles of phi- j. losopby, tow arils ethical rules, towards his- j tory, science, art and life. And the hearer, who is listening attentively and thoughtful- s ly, will find trains of thinking started within t| him which shall outrun iln> l!n/?? < ?.! pass the limits of the discourse he has ^ heard. Some principle that has been lit- ?r tcred will stimulate him to apply it for him* self, more minutely and more widely, to w politics, or his profession. Some fact refer- Q reJ to will send him to at least an hour's reading of history, archeology", or sacred ;i geography, to see in what series of facts it 9, lias a place. 1 le will consider an argument, j, and reproduce it in his thoughts, that he j( ui.iy examine and test its soundness. And it will be singular if the effect of the ser- . inon is not to make him more thoughtful ^ and instructive at hoir e at evening in his 0 c; lireside conversation, more alert and efli- w cient in his whole mental action through j the week which follows; a generally better ^ furnished and better-disciplined man. The minister then should feel his rcspon- s< sibilily for making his sermons as inslruc . ? " (ivi*, ijiiicKomiig, invigorating, as lie can; c refreshing and animating not only to tho ^ hearts and the consciences of his hearers, ^ but also to their mind*, their understanding ;iud reason : remcmberiiif; that here is one ? w great source of popular vigor, culture, and jf mental grace, ns well as of evangelical affection and faith. And a people who would* q he free and successful and intelligent, that they may be boHi free and successful, must ^ cherish assiduously, and carefully guard, c( and abundantly maintain, that enlightening ^ Pulpit, which helps Literature, fosters Art, encourages and assists all laudable enterprise, and without which Literature, Art ^ und Enterprise, would lose not only their power to bless, but before long their very onulAnnnAA o ?wl I C. 7" * ? - <t11vi iiiu.?maepenaent. ^ A gentleman thought bo'd liko something painted in the hall of a new house, ^ and chose the Israelites passing over the Red t; Sea. lie engaged a man for the job, who 8C went to work and painted the hall red.? st "Nico color," Baid he, "but whero are the jr Israelites V* '"Oh they've passed over." tb The best descrption of weakness we hav^ ^ 5ver heard, is contained in tho wag's query ^ .0 his wife when sho gave him somo thin jhicken broth, if she would not try to co/iz ^ .lint chicken just to wade through the soup ^ mcentfre! -f -Kl Lovo is like a rivor, if the current be ob- ot tructcd it will seek some other channel.? an ?lui8, it is not unfrequently the case, that Oi be kissing and attentions bestowed on the wi Lild of bix aro intended, for her sister of |b' ixtcen. co CUKHKim* OF Tills RKA ???! ??f thu IMohI important isotihihntioiis i .. i<*tirv lhat i ?ii?< iw'i'ii iii.'iiIi* til' lull* yen i*, > lIn" woik ?it Ijietil. Maury oil tlio I'hyni al < Icti^rapliv of t li<> Ht>a. Sk many i lloils ia>l Ikmmi inaili* without sin'oiss, to soiiikI ho ilcjitlis <>|* th?> o<van, thai, it lia>l eoum lo ? n^iirilfd as iinpraclicaltlc. Tlio observation of tlio currents llial w?re known to xisl in its waters woro ntteu<le<l with so nany liOicultios that they \v<*roat (iust but 111>< il<>i*.Llv imil?'r>il?>.>.l 'I'l... - 4 J ? - ?vrvM. a |(U nillip; lllltvr* ainlv prevailed with regard to the winds ; uid navigation, consequently, was a tiling jf pure routine ; vessel folio wed vessel over i proscribe*! track, year after year, though, ts lias since been .imply proved, a much nore advantageous course might have been ihaped. Tlic universally appreciated hook f Lieut. Maury lays before the public the esult of observations made in all parts of he globe as to currents and winds, the temleraluru of the water, the result of deep sea lulln<lings, Are., and by the charts which lave been eonsti ucted; with the aid of these >bservali??ns, the navigator is enabled boldy to steer over what to him is wholly an mkiimvu sea. Thus many voyages are ntieh shortened, and very great savings >flenliines eH'eeled. 'i'lie I'hiladclphia North American, in an irtiele on Winds and Currents, adduces miiu interesting facts, from which we make ome liberal extracts. It says, by far the >e -t known currents in the world of waters, s the (lulf stream, which liesso immediatey in tlio track of modern commerce. It tas its origin in the (.lulf of Mexico, and lows out so near to the Florida Keys that Is deep blue color is sometimes distinctly isible from them. The lino of demarcation >etween the Gulf Stream and the colder rater which serves for its bed, is rem irkap|y well defined?so much so that it has lOeti nossiliht '! ?1 - 1 A 't.?.0Miou (.uu iini.un, ;tt kliicli a vessel enters it. The general durse of tlie *truant i.-> iirsl to the northeast ?<ill" tho coast of Llie United States?and lien turning to the eastward, at about the outhern extremity of the Great Hanks, and ontiiiualiv widening or. the surface, it is istributcd lo tho lirilish Inlands and the s'orth of Kurope?lhe natural rigor of which L serves greatly to temper. The comparaively mild temperature of tl?e northwest of at rope is attributed mainly to the inliuence f the (Julf Stream, which cariies fiom a rupical legion of the earth a great amount f heat, to be expended on otherwisecheerl.'ss shores. To the inliuence of the Ciulf ilreani the moist climate of Great Britain, nd especially of Ireland, is due; and to the aine cause is owing the rain which our ?.-ii - * ' iuniiu>w:n aiu Jil'l'llV SII1C lO UllUg. J lie ulroduction of a large body of healed wain into a eolder region, it may readily be inngined, produces many atmospheric nnd lcctrical changes, aiul hence the title of weather breeder," which we are told sail>rs bestow on the < Sulf Stream. The large quantity of water ever flowing >nL from the (Sulf of Mexico is replaced by n equatorial current, which crosses the cean from the coast of Africa, and enteis lie Caribbean Sea. Detween the (Sulf Ireain on the north, and this equatorial urrent on the south, lies a region which is uown as the Sargasso Sea. According to iieut. Maury, it covers an area equal in exent to the whole Mississippi valley, and is 0 thickly matted over with gulf weeds that lie speed of vessels passing through it is ften much retarded, and it sometimes appears to the eye solid enough to walk on.? "his phenomenon is attributed to the fact f the Sargasso Sea being the centre of a 'hirl of which the equatorial currents form tie portion and the 0tilf Stream another, 'lie Atlantic ocean has been compared to basin of water, in which, when the fluid is 2t into rapid motion, there is a tendency 1 niur cul.cl.it./i/w. ?!...* 1 11 j .-iiuoumgn itiiiL may oo Iioat>g 011 the outside of the whirl to the cci. e of the basin, ami the presence of this rift in a comparatively motionless sea is iken as one evidence of the existence of a ircitlar current in tho Atlantic, flowing 'cstward to the great American gulf, rnshig out through the straits of Florida, ami weeping with a wide curve to tho shores f northern Europe, from which a current its to the south along tho coast of Europe nd Africa. It is very common for bottles ontaiuing a slip of paper, with the name f the ship, and its preciso latiludo and i mgitadc, to be thrown overboard in diller- < nt parts of tho world, and tho places in . hich these bottles aro picked up, after tho ipso of a considerable time, indicato the . cneral direction of tho currents. From i Kperiinents of this nature, it appears that lero is a steady tendency of the water of | 10 Atlantic to and frum tho Gulf of Mexi- ( a. A bottle dropped overboard at Capo i torn is picked up iu the Caribbean So?; ] Mother dropped oft' the coast of Africa j lakesits appearanco in tho Gulf Stream < Of tho coast of Ireland, and is thero thrown j diore; a tliird, escaping tho slioro, voyagon ( long the coast of Europe to tho African < >as again, thus completing the circlo. I Thero aro other currents in tho Atlantic, ' io most important of which are those set- ? ng - towards tho equator from tho Folar J sas, and vice versa. There is thus a con- ? ant interchange of water between tho * opical, and arctic and antiarctic regions of ' le globe,?an exchange attended with tho 1 ost Uenelicial results, serving lo amelior- v e the cold of the ouo, and to modify the 8 jat of the other. The cold stream a bioh funs with great rapidity from Baffin's v ay and the coast of Labrador, to the southards, meets the Qui f?atr earn off the Great ^ anks. It tlien "divides into two portions, rj 19 of whioh passes under the Gulf stream, d id finds its' way not improbably to the a tribbean sea,'fort he temperature of .the ? iter there, at a little depth, is much be- Jj! w that of the cfust of the oartb, and as n Id as it is oft' the shores of the Arctig 0 ; ||n? ?t|1n>r Koutliwtinl, :i surface ( nirnmt, iln? shores ??f tliu United between I limn the (itilf Stroma. The currents of the oci'iiti am not so wril illnli'isluoil :?s llioso of which wo 1 have spoken, 1 >iil tlim o are nouto curious anoloj^irs between thein ami the currents of the Atlantic, showing tins same system ( of agencies In bo at work for attempering climates. Tli.) China stream, in many respects, resembles tin; tlulf Stream. From tliu warm waters of tlio Asiatic ?eas, cur vent# set across the l'acilio to the northwest shores of Auiciica. Not fiu<liug a ready vent, they turn southward along the coast > of Aineriea, an?l are, probably, bv thoir iiiO'leratiug heat, the chief cause of the difference ill clilliali! hi'tWeiMl llu* i*;n;ti.rn inwl western coast of the I11 itI States. There I is a col<l current, though not a very strong : one. iiinniu^ southwardly from tlio Polar j sea alovg the coast of Asia, which is valua- | hie for its fisheries. There are currents of j of the Indian ocean, and .south Pacific, well . worthy of notice, ?li?l space permit; ami as the commerce of the world is tending more amj more to these parts of the globe, the pre rise character and direction ??f their waters will probably be determined with much accuracy at no very distant day. At present the j information respecting them is imperfect.? i There is one spot, however, in the south Pa- I cilio that deserves mention for the total absence of all signs of life in the sea or air.? J Formerly it was little traversed, but now all j vessels bound from Australia to South j America pass through it. The very seal . .! imiu? iii.i-. j'Hii hinps and lollow tiioin in (lie ; south I'ju-iiio for weeks together, are said to desert them when tlioy cnlor those desolate waters.? jWcj } \>rlc I'fie Crrrcnf. EARLY CULTURE 01' COTTON. A) the re?ii!:ir meeting of tlio Massachusetts Historical Society, on Thursday, tin; l'residciit, (! !>. I', t". Wmthrop, communicated an iuierest- j ins* letter from I Ion. Win. W. I'arroii, of (!|oii- j cester, formerly a member of tie; Massachusetts j Senate, relative to the early enllure of cotton ? lie went in 17'JS, as mate of a freighting ship, to f?'corjjia ; and at tlmt time no slop had wlio.'ty loaded with cotton in tlic United States. Jlis vessel obtained, as a favor, 50 or C>0 bales.? Wliilo in Liverpool, in lS'oT, Mr. I'arrott met 1 Mr. Davison, of the house of Simpson A, Davison, of Loudon, wlin told liiin that t lie first cot ton from Savannah, came to tlieir Iiou.se in London, ' jiueUoil in rice casks?the rice plantations having been converted into cotton culture, and they liuil no cot Ion bagging to put it in. After ad vcrusuijj II, tl WHS purolias-i| l,y ClasgDW llltlllll- ! fuelurcrs at about H. C..I sterling |??-i- pound. |( I was Sea Island cotton. Soon after, they, tin; ! purchasers, came to l.ondon, made particular t enquiries as to ii?t origin, ami agreed to lake all ! they could got. This eolton grow on an island <>'? nriles Hontli of Savamiali, and was raised l?y j Francis Levett ami Thomas Young; ami .Mr. I'arrott believes thai to Mr. Levcll belongs the credit of introducing the cotton plant into tin: i I'nited Stales. He was a loyalist, was proscribed, and went, with his family and negroes to Florida with the British, nml sulweipi'jiilly to the Bahamas. Ilere the caterpillar destroyed his crops. Having succeeded ill gelling till* Se- 1 (iiestration taken oil' his propersy, Mr. Lcveti. returned to Georgia, began the cult urn of cot Ion, and his example stimulated others. Ho died in 1805 or 1 SIM; ami Mr. I'arrott, carried his willow nud sou frnm I.iveip iol to Savannah, from whom lie learned many particulars of his early history. He was born in Smyrna, in Turkey; camo to this country as an agent of an Kaglir.li factory to introdiioo a colony of Greeks into ( Florida, ami selected a place called New Smyrna . Inlet, to introduce the fig mid orange. The pro- ' jeci <li<t not succeed, and lie turned rice planter, ' and went to Georgia. Mr. Pnrrott states tlint tliiu samo place. New Smyrna Inlet, was selected ] fur anotlier colony experiment, Mr. William I,add, cf Portsmouth, N. 11., afterwlirds president of tlio Peace .Society, introduced here a colony of German llcileniptioners, so called.? They soon found that they had made a hard bargain witli Mr. Lndd ; turned Roman Catholics . claimed the protection of the Spanish government, ami thus tlio colon}' was broken up. Another letter read to the society, gives an account of the Crops of Governor Tntual and ! Mr. Nicholas Turiihtill, of Savannah, and Mr. Sltaiildilif. nil nf wlinm :? 1171 ? 111-' ? ?! , 1780, in small experimental <|tialililioR. Tlu-sc growers received their seeil from the Bahamas. ; It iu also stated llmt cotton was raised for do- ' incstic purposes, in South Carolina, long before tlie revolution. From other MSS. papers, it appears tliere I were imported into Liverpool?5 lings of cotton in ITS.1}; 0 bags in 17Sfi; 10S lings in 17S7, and 1 282 in 178?, Total, iu four years, -101 bags. Shall ioc Give up the J loop ??The Express appears to think that hoops must now go out of fashion, because they are becoming so common, iu their use, to the whole sex. Wo bog to put in a doubt on that \ subject. The same reason would drive stays out of the feminine market altogether. ^ Women wear them, instead, universally, :iud console themselves by limiting the dis- Fl Unction to form and costliness. And thus ij it will be with llie hoop. It is 0110 of tlio u most graceful, as it must bo, in Kiunmcr, jno of tlio most comfortable, of all the in- d mentions recently applied to female costume. [t is too useful, loo valuable an article, there- ?? 'ore, to be slightly abandoned. It is so scl- " join the sex aro favored with a discovery in garmenting that is really sensible and judicious, that they cannot afford to relinquish r >ne when possessed of it. Fashion may janifth, as sho should banish, the infinites!nal bonnet, tlio frngilo boot, the thin cov- oi tring for tlio breast and arms, for all these w iro unwholesome?all benefit the physician cc md apothecary more than tliey do those u< vho indulge in them, and desiro to transnit ft healthy physique to posterity. But _ ho modern hoop lias nothing in common irith such eccentricities. When not exag* ;erated in its dimensions by bad taste, it is , beautiful innovation upoti the old habit of ? * - ?? ? ?? an oiitirv wururuue perau, in order [> give a sufficiently voluminous flow to tbe rapery outsiJe. Such An auxiliary to nauro should never be permitted to die out. _ [lie round and the plump, to be sure, might o without with impunity, but the meagre > nd flesbless, those whose fullness is conned entirely to the face, what spectress bey would now become if deprived of tho w iendly assistance of the steel or wbalubono, itlau or guttn perclia ! It will nut do to iink of jt.?Sunday Times. $l)c ^Vbluutl c Banncv Pulillslind Kvcry Tlmrsilny Morning, liy OAVis oriiaws. W. a. DAVIS Eilllci r. B CREWS Publish?! r e n 3ve ? i Tw.< l>oi.i *i!< | !" atillllin, if |iui<l in ikIviiiht Tw I >ni i *i:n iiml L'im < 'k.nth if tmi pnid \\ itJii -i\ inoiitIih, ami *l"?i><r.?. if lint, puiil In r??r?* (In) <* I of tlio yrnr. All !<iilis<<ri|ili<>iiH in limili'i) ul tin; linn- of miIh'MiIiiii^, will In? c<>i M'liTt-il as ami will In- roiitiniK'.l mil arrearages an? paiil, or al tlio ojilimi of I In- |'n |ii'i> lor.-t. Orilcr-t froni oilier States nutsl inr.ii ul,It/ Im- ?ri'iiin|ianii'il willi tlio Cosh. RATES OF ADVERTISING. Tin- I'rniiri?*tors nl Ilio AKIn-viHo /?*#/##*?/* ;m liul'/K ???/ I't f'l'Kx, have ckI.iIiIinIii-iI i lie l'ollm\ in? rales of A'lvcrtir?ini? to In? i;li;trj??nl in |m>i |?n|?.:rs: Kvrry Ail vert isi-mml ?11 s.-rlI for a l.-s* tim lliau three months, will Im* uhuiVeil liy tin- insi(ion nt. One Dollar |mt S<|iiare (I [" i>i 11?(I, space ol !'i s->liil line** or I<-hs,| lor tin* lir.-l ins-e lion, ami Filly Cents lor ?-;i-li snlf?(in-nt ii scrt ion. ? ?/** *11 <- < "oiiinii-MMHierV, Slu-riir's, < Mi l k*M :ui Or-linary's A'lverlisenieiils will lie insert e'l i linlli ( :i|>.-rs, eaeli ehaririuir I>si11" priee. Sln'rill V Levies. One Dollar ea<-h. A iiiiuiiiii'iiil' a 'ainlolate. Five Dollar Ailveili-iii?r an Kstray, Two Dollars, to I I'ai-I l?y (lit* ,\1 asM.-lrati-. A?lvertis?-m? i?i-* iiis? rii-<l Inr <lir?*?? month--, longer, at 111 following I'sites: l Mi ii.i! :: nioniiw * ' I M|iiiin: > ni'-iiili-i s " I square inonllis Hl.ll 1 MltlillV I - lll"lllllX I ii s*t|imr.s Iih KU ii Mjiiaivs months I I.' J .-"|li:ir' S'.t months IN.11 2 sMliuttvM 12 lliolllhs 1 SMIIUI'I'S monihs lO.t .miiiuivs r> months Ii5.(l :! M|iiar?'S *. months '21.11 Jt si|itaivs It! months !!;>.') 1 MjUai'i-s !' months 12.(1 I sutiarvs II mouths '2".' I squares ! ill-nil lis ? 4 Hi|iiari'S 12 months 110.11 r? si|iiari's months lft.'1 ft M|ii!iri'.-i <i months y.'.f ft si|ii:ir. s '.I inonllis J5l.li o sipiari's l:i inonllis S.i.h i'i s?|itar<*s .'I months ? -*' i'i squares ii months 'I0.ii li squares in'onllis Jii5.ii r, squares I'i inonllis 40.ii 7 squares It inonllis 7 squares li inonllis !5.?.ii 7 squares '.i inonllis 41.0 7 squares I'i inontlis 4ft." s squares mouths.... "" " S squares fi lllollths 4n,(l squares ;t months -I <>.0 * squares 11* months Mui Fractions of Squares will bo charged in pmpoi [imi to I In- above rait s. f??" JJusincHs Cauls fur tin- term of 0110 yeai will Im: cliiirtr?*?l in proportion I" Hie spaco t! . jeeiipv, at Oik l),,l/nv per lino space. ?3?" l'"or all advertisements set. in ilmihlr ml iiiui. Fifty per Cent, extra will bo added to tli iliovo rnl<*s. DAVIS A C|{liWS, / "?r fiii 1111' i ; I.KK ,t WII.SuN, J'or /'r-ss. rp11K Proprietors of the Atsitr.vii.i.h 1!a\nk 1 would respectfully i 11 form the (mldie thu Ihey are prepared to execute all kinds of .lol Work Willi neatness anil dispatch. Ilaviu ineiirred eunsideralde expense for | rintilit; mati rials, they liaveiio hesitancy ia say injj that the tire as well prepared, and ean do as neat wnr us any ot.her establishment in I lie up-country 1 South ('arolina. They will also keep on hand a complete a.' sort incut of TtT iAJJKS, I>f wlliell we have now oil hand the followin List, to whieli im shall eoiitiatio to add nut wo yet a complete assortment: Sum. I'ro; l'"i. Fa. on Sinn. I'm- (' S?? < Sum. Pio.; Snl?. Writs; Suit. Tickets in !,:nv Sub. Tickets in Kquitv ; I'i. Fil.; <'a. Sa ; C;i. S: in Case ; Copy Wril in l'as?!; Deeds of t.'??nve\ inee; Declaration oil Nini-; ('iiiniiiis.-imi t?> lis itniiie Witni'ssi's; .1 u< 1 ir11111 I v Confession i Assumpsit ; .1 u 1 ij. tin Wril <>1? Knqniry, ll.nii:i^ Assessed l?y Cli-ik?1 ?r Assumpsit, .linli l?y 0.iil'.-.-m..n in Dflil, on Single Kill; .1 u< Iltuk'Ii dii Writ lit" Kiiqtnry, Damages Assessed liy Jury 'II?lixiiic-iit. in Assumpsit at Issue. Plea Will ilruwn ; Pos!u> .liiil^iin-iit oil Issue Tried, Vortli< Tor I* I it i 111 ill'; Mortgage lor Personal Properly Mortgage of Ueal Kstatc; Mairi.slrales'Siiiiniioiis Dii. Kxccutions; Do. Uecogtii'/.uiicc ; >Stiiiiiuoiih t Ucfaullin^ Jurors. May '28, 1867 BOOTS AND 810B8! Jf FOR OASII. l.nOO PA III MKNS liKST KIP HUOCJAN'.^ 1,(1011 pair .Men's 2d ijnality l>i<>i;aiH. I,(lull pair Men's ."Id quality Urticans. I,Ollt) pair Women's IY;T}Jed Itmitees. I,tint) pair Women's Pejjjted (Silquality) Flootccs ioll pair Hoy's liest Kip ('rowans >oo pair Hoy's Si I iitaliiy liroi;:iiis. >00 |>: ir Youth's Hioi;aii.\ various qualities. ??H pair i.allies' (jailers, from Jil.'i.'i to 1)0 pair J .allies' Slippers ami Ties, I'm ,"i0o. lo AI ..'>ll >ii0 pair M isscs'iind t 'liililreu'sShoes, Sue. to I .~f> ill) pair livtilri' lino Calf Hoots. 00 pair ( ( ills' line doth (jailors. Nil) pair Women's (Son!. Hooters. !ti?l'i) pair Neurit Hropins. ,(ii)0 House Servant's Shoes. Together willi all oilier kimlsof Shoes usually o he fouiiil ill a Shoe Store. Call ami see .lust receiveil ami lor sale l?y \V. S. WOOD. 185 Uiehart'son Street, Columbia. March 21, -la ly Tlio Stato of South Carolina, a i:m:villi: district. hi the Common l'lras. Villinm Willsou, 1 vs. / I'oreiirn AI Inch incut, as. A. 1/nhlcll. )TIidiiisuii iV Fair, Attorneys. IXniKRKAS the l^lnintifT iliil, on the eleventh YV day of A i?ril, eighteen hundred ami fifty 2von,liIf his declaration against tho Pefemlnnt, diet, il is said, id abseut from and without the nits of this .Slate, and linn neither wife nor Horney known within the huiiio, upon whom a Dpy of t he said declaration might be served ? It is therefore ordered, th*t the said Defenant do ap))car and plead to the snid declarntion, u or before the twelfth day of April, eighteen undrcd and fifty-eight, otherwise final mid .ah dute judgment will then lie given mid awnrded gainst him. MATTHEW McDONALP, c.c.r. Clerk's Office, April II, 1857 51?ly Dissolution. IMIE Firm of WIEB & MILLER was this day dissolved by mutual consent, the limntion ot tho Partnership having expired. The lime of tho Finn will be uso?i iu tho closing up f the business, by cither one of us. All persons indebted to us by Note or Account, ill plenso come forward and pay up as Boon as mvenient, as it is very desirable that the bun sua should bo closed as early as possible. JOHN A. WIER, G. MoD. MILLER. August 23, 1856. 10 tf PERBIN & COTHRAN 7 torneys at Lnw and Solicitors iu Equity. Office, the one formerly occupied DY McGOWAN A PERRIN, LAW RANGE. Jab. M. PEnRis, Jas. 8. Cothhan. Jan. 1, 1857. 87 tf WM. K. BLAKE, attorney at Ijaw, AND SOLICITOR IN EQUITY. 'ill prao.ticc in the Courts of Abbeville, Laiu* reus and Newberry. ? OFFICE AT HEWBEEEY C. H. Oct. 1*|, 18ot). 20 !y , NEW l)HUU STORE! AT GREENWOOD. mi I >rni?>rii*t nmt A jiotlirrnry, I I- lim juM rwrivnl n v??ry roni|t1elo slock of r I Drugs and Mediolnes, r- ; M.|.i'|nl w i111 (ln> jii*?*ri sirr> for tliis market. Ilis stork consist* oT t-M-ry variety usually found ; in City A|>?>lluxury ?s'/??/>?. ? l-iXll'lM't* <>f all tli? vcgctalilu |irei>nralio<is from the Ik-hI (Mo-mists. 'i'iil<*(iii'4'S |iiv|i:ip--1 from tlionrudu innlo>' rinl, and warranlid in In* of llm *lr<;ngtli Iniu i 1 ilowii in 1 li?- I'liiii-cl Slate* i'liurm.nca'pa. il " ' i (I ll I r ? .. i-iiI--, ('.-ill at the mmc foriiirmi occupied na : Hi.- I'.sl. Oilier. ' .IAS. II. RII.EY. "I | I rcciiwouil, S. Nov. 1, I 8.10. il'Jtf attention, planters H. i Economy and Utility! i r I "'II I*, iiiiili-rnaiiii'il having purchased tile Right 1 of Warlick'.s PLOW. Patented April In.'iO, will II I'l.tuliiliou KightM, per ; I'li.w fil.Otl i Storks vi*i-?I at t Jrr.Mi wooil Depot, or " j rrsitlnii I \V. I*. 11 ill 4.MI Willi small Sri.ot.-r 6.00 j With *I*i?tnii?ir Siii?v?'l, fur IViiiii to G.fiO |() | This IM..W, (Viiin its simple structure, durabil- I hi ".v> ' _*htness i f .lianulii, rase of management, | ailaplatiou t>> thr ditl.-rent Sliarert used in tho ( I ..nltivution <>f the farm, ami ronsfipient clicap,|( I nr.-s, is ciimiiiemliiii; ii.a-lf to general use as a i I Sup' i t"i' /*??< ?<??7 Inijit' iiit til wherever tried. |t| | II11,1, Jfc ANJ>KEWS. )|( ( < .IVrti Wouil, S. Oel. Ii, 25-ly n | 1 We, I lie umlrfsiirneil, having examined and i,i | t i'i.-il the Warlick I'luw, caneur in the above in j eonimenihitions. JAMIvS Clil'lSWELI., in ! 1,1 .FilllAiM'J SALE, ,, 1 K. .M. WHITE, ,D i#A M'L M. COWAN, ? I.A ItKIX RKVNOLD3, ( ,, KOItT W. I.ITKS, .1 A. Wll> KM AN. " "Ci.vi-: I li;ive nsi <1 llic rioutrli y mi ncnt mo " mi'l iim tiin?>l> |>l<-nsc<l with it. 1 think it the " ln*>t I'lough I have ever used. Jt combines econII iiiny niul utility in a Itiirh decree. It breaks up 0 the soil well ami to n u.hkI depth, with one " I mil so well pleased with it, that I want more 0 ..I" tliulii. -*??** ) ' Very resnect fully yours, II "THUS. V. riiRRIN." ? LAND WARRANTS- i Ah Unlimited Number Wanted. ' r "MIK .t. : - " ' ' ? ?"'< "> me market for * JL I.and Warrants. Prices, however, at pres?*111 are iiiik-Ii depressed ; though lie will pledge liitnsi'lf lo pay as imn-li as can be liail for them ? in any market, io-initiaiiccs made at their highest market value, l?y Sight Draft* on Nevr York <>r Charleston, for all Warrants sent to me by mail. Address W. C. DAVIS, Abbeville C. II., S. C. Se[it. li, 1 S.'itJ. 20 tf iL. H. MIXjIjS, IOWA, WISCONSIN AND MINNESOTA * OFFICE, AT DUBUftUE, .IOWA. y Eg 9 AUTIt 'IM.AIt attention paid io tlm locating k Jl of l.and Warrants for persons Soutli, on ' the lines-1, selected Timber and l'rairie Land*. Warrants loaned to seniors on one year's time nt ' 10 percent. Interest, charging ?1-23 per Acre for Warrant. Taxes paid, Collections made and remitted lor in Si-;b1 Kxcliam^e. Money loaned at liigli rates of Interest. Investments made.? ' I I'nenrreiit money Inxi^lit, ?tc. ii ;' IJefers to W.m. Davis, LIsf|., Abbcviltu i;. ii., c. i t-.'it',. 20 tf i. _ TilK STAT!-: <?F SOUTH CAROLINA, ii Ahfxrilli: I>istru t?In tin Common l'leai. * Amos (.'l.irk, jr., ) Attachment. r* t.i. J-.Modinvmi A. 1'errin, 1 James A. I.iililcll. ) IMIT'h Att'ys. WMKIiKAS, tin; ri.-.iiiliir did, on tlie thirtyt lusl day "I Ui-iolior, Is.'tii, file his declaration against tin* IVIrinlniit, whit (us it in said) is ' absent from nml without the limits of thin Slate, ' ami Ikw neither wife ??r attorney known within " the miiiii', upon whom a eopy of the baid declaration might. he served. It. is therefore 01 dered, (hut the said Defendant do appear and plead to I the said ileelnratioii, on or licfure the tint day of I Nov.'iiiln r, which will he in the year of our Lord 1 Kiirhtenii lluiidred and Kifly-Seven, otherwise fiI ii a I and absolute .Imlpiicut will then lie given and ' awarded against him. M ATTIIKW iMi-DOXALD, c. c. f. Clerk's Office, Oct. :><?, lt?5ii. 2tf 1 y The Stato of South Carolina. Ahhcvillt' District.? In the Common Pleas. .lami'S T. l?:iskiii ^ ? f M vx. / Baskin, I'I'ITh Attorney. .lumi'.t A. I.iddell. ) WIIKUKAS the riiiiiitilF did, oil the eightt'i'iitli day of < Moher, cightcey hundred ngd fifty-six, liie. liis declaration ugitimtl the l>efen<)ant. who, (i: is said,) is aliment from anil without (he limits of this State. ami hu.i neither wife nor attorney known ivilliin the name, upon whom co|>3* of the said declaration might _bo aejnr^d : 11 is therefore ordered, that the uliid Defendant ? do appear and plead to the said declaration, on or Ix-lore the nineteenth day of October eighteen ? hundred and li fly seven, otherwise final, and ah- . Kolnte jiidiiinent will then he giv<yi aiid awarded' ntrainul him. MATTll HW McDONALT), c. o, r. ClerkV Olliee, Oct 18,1?66 27* ' r ? . S. McG^OWAN,: ?;? :V. g i\.ttornoy at ^<awy Office in Law. Range, * * - . (Next Door to. Thomson .ik 'j*dir,) . ABBEVILLE foff- < *.>. Jan. 8. 1857. H7 l-l ' tiT Just .H.eo?tved, - ' SIX ' " HOOP eKTOT S I All-Sizes and aU Prises- >' *?: \ jCHIAMBig^'A.^fAWALIJ* Mareh 18, >'* ''X' tf' 7 tsr^ ftpccifully uimoimc^-him n Cof?<li(lat? "for Sheriff1 at the eiwuing,eIc<*io?. '? gar The friends of MATYfltfW It COCll. RAN roeractfully. u)u<uiu<!c',.lutn a. candidate for Sheriff of Al>t><jfolle ui?Uie% at the next election. ' . * " ' * > * 13T The frWiiJfe-'or JHliaTIIEW McDON- * " ALD, announce him a Qnndldate for re-election for Clerk, at the ensuing election. "? : ' ty The friends of C. II. ALLEN announce him ns a Candidate for Clerk of the Court at iiio ensuing clt'ction. (TT The friend* of NIMKOD McCORD "respectfully Announce him as n Candidate for Sheriff nl the ensuing Election. * Tho numerous friends of Col. T. J. ROBERTS respectfully announce him a Candidal? for Sheriff nt the next election. J3T Tilb friends of D. W. HAWTHORN respectfully announce him Candidate for Sheriff of Abbeville District, at the next election MANY FRIENDS May S, 1856. . \fif- The friends of W. W. GRIFFIN, reapectfully announce him as n. '? Sheriff at the ensuing uleclion. tST Tlio friondrt of JAMES IF. COBB announce Iiiiii a? a Candidate for S!,cufl aitli??usu- ' lllg c'lccltoil.