The Abbeville banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1847-1869, April 24, 1856, Image 1
1
ma mmrmM msmt
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM. 1 "the fhioe op luserty is btbhisrai. vx<*xx- aktoe." [PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
BY DAVIS & IIOLLINGS WORTH. ABBEVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY MORNING, APRIL 21, 1850. VOL. XIII NO. I.
SBDSSi?ibib&BiS(yis&
7 ANNUAL REPORT
^ of the
GREENVILLE & COLUMBIA R. ROAD.
Prosidont's noport.
OrricK O. & C. Railroad Company,
Abbeville, S. C., April 2, 1850.
To the Stockholders of the
Greenville ifc Columbia R. R. Co. :
The President and Directors submit the
following Annual Report:
Tlie Tabular Statements of the Auditor
anil Treasurer, Herewith submitted, will give
you a full ami minute account of all the
financial affairs of the Company. The account
current of the Treasurer embraces
only the transactions of seven mouths, beginning
the 1st of June and ending the
31st of December?you having, at your
last meeting, directed that the fiscal year of
the Company bo changed so as to end on
the 31st of December. Tins other statements
exhibit the business from January to
December of last year, and from the commencement
of the Road.
The business of tho last year compares
favorably with that of the year preceding.
From Statement No. 5, it
will annear that the income.
for the year 1355 was - - $279,012.56
The income for the year 1854,
made up from previous reports,
was ------ 256,710.77
Showing an increase of - - 22,295.79
The eurroiit expenses for the
year 1854, as shown in the
last report, was 192,241.19
The expenses for
1855, as shown
in Statement No.
4, is - - - - 181,735.G0
Decrease in ex., 10,505.59
Which, a?hleil to the in
crease of income, makes a
difference of ----- $32,801.35
in favor of the Company.
Although the expenses have been somewhat
diminished the lust year, it is expected
that they v.iil less tlie present; hut it is
Iwlicveil it until the Hoad has been all
gone ovu-i hiiO thoroughly repaired, and all
the flange rail replaced with good T rail,
that the expenses cannot he brought much
lower than they are at present?due regard
being had to the safety and character of the
Road.
The prospect for still greater increase of
business'is good. The increase heretofore
is the result of oiiliar.rv causes. When the
151 vie Ridge Uoad is built*, wliirh is making
progress, and is sustained !>y a powerful iiilluuncc,
a very heavy and p : (disable business
must necessarily b'j brought to our Koad?
the extent of which we will not nmv undertake
to predict.
Owing to the continued scarcily of
money, and the reluctance of capitalists to
invest in long time securities, but little inquiry
has been made for our bonds. Only
71 ,500 have been sold since the last report.
The payments on construction account
for the seven months amount to $37 402
45.
The interest on our bonds has been regu
larly paid as it full due. Notwithstanding
-these heavy payments, and the small amount
realized from the bonds, the floating debt
lias been considerably reduced. As a proof
of this, you are referred to the item of
" Bills Payable," which embraces the notes
and drafts on the Company accepted.
These, according to the last
report, amounted to - - - $253,830.48
According to the present
showing, they amount to - 219,018.92
Showing a diminution of - 34,817.50
The surplus income, as is shown in State.
xnent No. 2, is 8151,181.89. This has been
applied to the debt.-*. If the capital of the
Company had been sufficient to build the
Road, this surplus might have been divided
among the stockholders; but until the debt
is all funded, it would seem to be the trim
policy of the Company to apply the income
to the extinguishment of the debt.
Under ordinary circumstances, it is be
lieved that there would bo no difficulty in
raising money on our bonds. The debt,
when all funded, will amount only to about
$1,000,000. The Road, with its equipment,
19 worth more than three times thut
Amount. The interest of 7 per cent, per
annum, payable semi-annually, is a fair
profit for the use of money ; the interest on
the bonds sold has heretofore been promptly
paid; the means of payment in future
are now more at our command than heretofore;
the security is ample; the bonds
are good, and still they cannot be 6old, except
at a heavy discount. Under the circumstances,
il is suggested that the stockholders
themselves take !be bonds at a fair
price, and save the loss that would follow a
_? ?_i? 1.- mi.. ' i 1
|irv9vuii ouic in mnrKO^ llic HlQ|K WOUIC1
then immediately advancc in price more
than the amount of bonds at present for
tale. The surplus income in futuro could
bo divided among the stockholders.
The Report of llie General Superintendent,
herewith submitted, will give you an
account of the operations of the Iioad for
ihp time reported, the condition of the
fatat, and its motive power. It will be
r-~" seen that the Road is in good condition,
well supplied with machinery and cars, and
that, iu all -its operation* it has been pre
eminently successful. This result gives tlu
highest evidence that can be afforded thai
the men in the various departments of tlu
Iioad havo done their duly.
The new Iron purchased last Spring, has
been laid down near Columbia, in the plate
of the llange rail. The old iron taken up
should be sold or exchanged, and new iron
procured and laid down in the place of the
old flange rail on other parts of the Road ;
i and so on the business should be continued
until all the flange rail should be replaced
' with the T rail.
The heavy masonry at Tiroadaway has
been finished. A small portion of the embankment
at this point still remains to be
; made. This can be done by the hands of
! the Comnauv. :if I licit- own poiivi-iiii-iwc
1 J 1 "
The work of building culverts ami embankments
in the neighborhood of Newberry,
has been continued under contract
with llair it Singleton, and the Road great
ly improved in that section. The points
most needing work it is supposed will all be
worked oft' in the course of this year, alter
which the work will be stopped.
The surveys that were commenced before
your lust annual meeting, have been completed.
Reports and estimates thereof have
been made and filed in the offiee of the
Company at Columbia, to which your attention
is invited. About the first of January,
this much of the work having been
completed, and no cvidencj having been
given of any substantial aid from the people
directly interested in the construction
of the projected 1 loads, the brigade of Engineers
was disbanded. These Roads, connecting
with our Road, are highly important
to us, especially that one over the
mountains and along the French Broad to
the Paint Rock. But it cannot be reason
ably expected that our Company, unaided,
will undertake the building of it. Our
Company needs repose and time to take
care of its financial a Hairs, which are, it is
now believed, rapidly advancing to a sound
and easy condition. The whole matter of
these projected Iloads is now submitted to
you. The Roard will await your direction
before proceeding further.
In concluding this Report, the 15<>ard
would express its gratitude and thankfulness
to IIim who guides and rules the affairs
of men, for the success which has
attended all the operations of the Company.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
TIIOS. i'KKUIN,
President.
MRS. PARTINGTON ON KANSAS.
" IIo for Kansas!" exclaimed Mrs. Par
linglon, taking her pipe from her mouth,
! resting her elbow on her knee, and palling
her foot vigorously, as she glanced sternly
over her spectacles at Ike, who was rending
an "appeal for aid" in the last number of
" the Huncomb Gultrap, and Ilerahl of
Democracy." " IIo for Kansas! Why
only a little while ago it was fight for Kau?.,o
t W..II 1 -- , , .
. n vnt i in .is runuy as anyoouy to
help my neighbors when they're in the
grass, but Kansas ain't no neighbor of
mine, and if he wants any hoeing done
he'll have to bring it along, or do it Tiinisclf.
There's that rotltcn lazy varinont
Bill Sniggers, has been high up for Kansas
ever since he found out there wau't nothing
moro dangerous than hoeing to be done;
says I to him tolher day, Bill, if you feel
any more like work this year than you did
last, you'd better hoe that little goober
patch of your'n before you go a hoeing
for Kansas, you know that's the only crap
you ever plant, and all you have to count
on to buy powder and shot, and whisky,
and fish hooks and other necessaries of life,
and you let it run to grass so last year
you could'nt find the goobers, when you
went to dig them."
Bill swelled up and turned as red as a
gobler. Says he, " Madam, you don't understand
the interests of the South," and
he left, slamming the door so that a heap
of daubing fell out of tbo house, but I put
put my head out of the window and hollered
after him, "I understand, lho\" says
I, " it's everybody's interest to mind their
own business." " May be, though"?and a
bright thought seemed suddenly to strike
the old lady?" May be they're going to
U7..II i?- :? - i?i ?u:?
U^IIV PlbU IIVCO. VTCll) ?IUW to 11 UtlU LIUII^
to fight with, but not nigh so bod as them
sharp riflcB and bnggonets and sicli like,
they arc a much more specific weapon, and
folks is not half bo likely to commit suicide
on cach other with 'em. They better take
it fist and skull?but let us see how that is.
Read on, sonny 1"
jt3T A country paper, which sometimes
illumines our sanctum by its presence, is
remarkable for its typographical accuracy.
For instance, in speaking of a gentleman
saving his wife from death, it says: "The
gentleman scoured a pole cat rescoured his
wife from a wafery grave," instead of "The
gentleman secured a polo and rescued his
wife from a watery grave." Again, in
speaking of a concert singer, it says: " Tho
venerable christcr came forward," instead of
the " venerable chorister," <fec. A magnificent
editorial leader closes with the warning,
" Beware the idoa of March," rendered
thus: " Beware the ideas of Mush."
/ggr There is a lady in Boston who is
habitually so sleepy tliat her curiosity cannot
be awakened.
, GEN. MOEGAN.
L Among llic incidents connected with the
. closing years of this rude but patriotic soldier,
the following originally published in
i the Winchester Republican of 1844, may
, bo regarded as evincing in the narrator a
, : singular combination of frankness, simplicj
ity and pathos :
j "The 'thunderbolt of war,' this brave
I Morgan who never knew fear, was in camp
; often wicked and very profane, but never
! a disbeliever in religion. lie testified that
himself. In his latler years General Morgan
professed religion and united himself
Willi fliA IVficlkvloiM'tn nlmi-nU in iliic
I under the pastoral care of llev. Mr. (now
. I>r.) Hill, who preached iti this house some
; forty years, and may now l?e heard occa1
sionally on London street. Ilis last days
I were passed in this town: and while sinki
ing to his grave he related to his mini
ister the experience of his soul. 'People
thought,'said ho,'that Daniel Morgan never
' prayed,' people said old Morgan never was
j afraid?'people did not know.' lie then
; proceeded to relate in his blunt manner
: among many other things, that the night
! they stormed Quebec, while waiting in
i the darkness and storm with his men para
' ded for the word to advance, he felt un
i happy ; the enterprise appeared more than
] perilous; it seemed to him that nothing
less than a miracle could bring thorn oil'
safe from an encounter at such an amazing
disadvantage. lie stepped aside and kneeled
by the sido of a munition of war and
i then most fervently prayed that the Lord
! Cud Almighty would be his shield and dej
fence; for nothing less than an Almighty
I arm could protect him. lie continued on
i his knees till the word passed along the
j lines. lie fully believed that his safety
! during that night of peril was from the
: interposition of God.
i " Again he said about the battle of the
Cow-pens, which covered him with so
i ..... 1 1 1 1 * ? * ?
mui-ii giory as a leaner ami a souner, lie
liail fell afraid to figl)t Tarleton wiili his
! numerous army, tin.shod with success, and
! that lie retreated as long as he could, till
his men complained?and lie could go no
; further, Drawing up his army in three
'lines on the hillside; contemplating the
si-i'iic?in the distance the glitter of the
advancing enemy?lie trembled f??r the
i fate <?f the day. doing to the woods in
I the rear, lie kneeled in an old tree top, and
| poured out a player to (Jod for his army,
! iVr !: !! * !!' :i:id f?>r 1>is country. With re
- licVed spirits lie returned to the lines, and
in his rough in inner cheered them for the
light. As lie passed along, they answered
hiin bravely. The terrible carnage that
followed the deadly aim of bis lines decided
the victory. In a few moments Tarleton
lied. 4 Ah, said he, 'people said old Mor
p ? i .1 ?.i .> i . i "
iX.ui never icared ; 'uicy inoiigni oiu Morgan
never prayed; they did not know;
old Morgan was miserably afraid.' And if
it had not been, in the circumstances of
tlie amazing responsibility in which he was
placed, how could he have been brave V
" Tlie last of his riflemen are gone ; the
brave and hardy gallants of the valley that
waded to Canada and stormed Quebec, are
all gone?gone, too, are Morgan's sharp
shooters of Saratoga. For a long time
two that shared his captivity in Canada
were seen in this village, wasting away to
shadows of their youth, celebrating wtih
enthusiasm the night of their battle, as the
year rolled round?l'eter Lauck and John
Scliultz. But they have answered the roll
call of death, and have joined their leader;
the hardy Lauck wondering that Kehultz,
the feeblest of the band, whom he had so
! often carried throinrli tlu? <?n.vra n.n>...io
O
slioulJ ouilive liiin. There is interest round
the last of such a corps."
GOING TO BED.
Going to bed we have always considered
one of tho most sober, serious and solemn
operations which a man can bo engaged
in during the whole twenty-four hours.?
Willi a young lady it is altogether a different
thing. When bedtime arrives, she
trips up stairs with a candle in her hand,
and?if 6hc had pleasant company during
the evening?with some agreeable ide:is in
her head. The candle on the toilette, and
her luxuriant hair is speedily emancipated
from the thraldom of combs and pins. If
she usually wears water curls, or uses the
"irqji," hor hair is brushed carefully from
her forehead and the whole mass compactly
! secured ; if not. whv then h?r IovaIv iriwo/io
? -J
aro soon hid in innumerable biLs of pnpir
This task accomplished, a nightcap appears,
perhaps edged with plain muslin, or perhaps
with hoavy lace, which hides all, save
her own sweet countenance. As soon as
she ties the string, probably 6he takes a
peep in the glass, and half blushes at what
she sees. The light is out?her fair delicate
form gonlly presses the couch?and
like a dear, innocent, lovely creature, as
she is, she falls gently into a sleep, with a
sweetsmile on hor still sweeter face. A man,
of course, under the same circumatnnrpa nota
quite differently. Every movement in his
chamber indicates the coarse, rough mould
' of his sullen nature. When nil is ready,
he snuffs out the candle with hit fingers,
like a cannibal, and then jumps into the
bed like a savage. For a few moments he
thinks of all the peccadilloes he may have
committed during the day?vows a vow to
amend soon, groans, turns over, stretches
himself and then all is silent, saye the
heavy grons of the slumberer,
EPITAPHS.
Of all the curiosities of literature, the
most curious perhaps arc those found among
epitaphs and monumental inscriptions.?
One would hardly go to a graveyard to
find food for mirth, yet so mingled arc the
incongruous and the ludicrous with tlie pathetic
and the solemn, that one is quite as
often moved to laughter as to tears by its
monuments and memorials.
The following sepulchral vagaries arc all
genuine. The first is from a churchyard in
Brighton, England :
" Hero I lays,
Killed by ? cliaisc."
Of a similar character is the following
from a graveyard in Massachusetts :
" Ilere lies
Tim Roilies of John mill Lucy Leaven,
Killed by Lightning Bent from Heaven,
In 1777."
This was proposed for Francis Grose, a
celebrated antiquary and humorist of the
ii- ?i? -
eiynieciiiu century :
" Ilerc lies Francis (Jrose:
On Thursday, May 12, 17*JI,
Death put an end to
Ilis views and i>ro&pCC<6."
John Johnson, provost of Dundee, was j
much helorcd by his townsmen, who, to
show their reverence for his memory, offered
a reward for the best poetical inscription
; for his tombstone. Two only were offered.
The first ran thus :
' Here lies John Johnson, provost of Dundee,
Here lies hint, liore lies lie!"
This was thought unsurpassable; but
when the town cleric opened and read the
second, the prize was unanimously awarded
to that. It was as follows :
" Here lies John Johnson, provost of Dundee;
11 alleluj ill, Hullelnjee." i
The following is from a graveyard in
Providence, R. I.:
" Hor soul grew so fast within,
It linrst the outward shell of si'l,
Ami so was hutched a cherubim."'
Tn St. Mary's churchyard, Whittlesea, in
(lie Isle of Ely, England, is tlic following
strange and ridiculous inscription :
" Ilcrc lie the bodies of
Elizabeth Addition,
Her son,
Anil old Kogcr to comc."
A traveler who visited the place nearly
twenty years after this stone was set, says i
that "old linger" was still living.
The next is quaint hut pithy. It is found
011 the tombstone of the Earl of Devon,
who died in 1119:
" Oh, oh '. who lies here?
'Tis I, thnjvirl of Devonshire,
With Kate, my wife, to liiee full ilcrc;
Wee lyved together fifty-five yere:
That weo spent, wee had ;
That woe gave, wee have ;
That wi-c left, wee loste."
The following we think arc unsurpassed :
" Oh, memory ! thou ling'ring niitrmiircr,
Within joy's broken shell,
u'l.v ? ....f ..ii t
.. ?.J A - ? I??3iujj UU & IUV u,
host thee as well 1"
WILLIE.
"He took the cup of life to sip,
But bitter 'twas to drain ;
He put it meekly from his lip,
And went to sleep again."
OX AX I.VFAXT.
" Rest soft thy dust?wait tlie Almighty's will?
Rise with the just?and Ur an ui>r/rl slilt !"
APRIL.
A timid, blushing maiden.
With downcast, tearful eyes,
In her hand an opening rosebud
renuineu oy uewy signa
Oft advancing, oft retreating,
She has won our heart the while,
Ami we cannot choose but love her
For her tear-drop and her smile.
A Rowjc Dctcctor.?It was lately remarked
that an exceedingly brilliant auditory,
amongst which were many very elegantly
dressed ladies, attended, at Berlin,
a lecture on chemistry, delivered by one of
the most celebrated chemists of the age.?
After witnessing a number of beautiful experiments
and hearing of the marvels of
science, a young lady grew fatigued and
requested her husband to lead her from
the hall.
"My love," said the gentleman,, on reach
ing the landing place outside, " wipe your
cheek, there's a large blue spot upon it."
The lady, much suprised, turned to look
at her reflection in the mirrored window of
a shop they were passing, and was almost
petrified to obscrvo that the 'rouge' on her
cheeks had become blue, in consequence
of the chemical decomposition occasioned
by the gas the professor had used in making
his experiments. She quickly wiped
her face, and stifled her vexation in the
thought that she should find herself amply
revenged upon the other ladies io the hall.
In reality, the lecture closing at this moment,
the audicnce began to disperse, and
the gentleman and his wife almost burst
with laughter at the sight of cheeks of yellow,
blue, black, violet and other colore,
which now made tboir appearance in the
streot Somo of the ladies who had man
uiaciureu lor inepjseivos ivory complexions,
rosy chocks, coral lips and obony eye-brows,
were so transformed that they would have
excited the envy of a peacock. It is whispered
that a lecture from the professor
would produce similar effects in other cities
besides Berlin. That chemist will be
warmly welcomed should he visit Paris.-?
Paris Letter.
- ^
Why is a cow's tail like tie letter
F ? Because it is the end of beef,
A GENERAL COMPLAINT.
Our Yuan,/ Men.?Standing on
comers of our streets, lounging in tlic b
rooms of our hotels, hanging on at <
groceries, and sidoons, sauntering ah
the side walks, with hands in their pock
may at any time be noticed an array
young men and boys that may well
made the subject of serious reflection :
apprehension by the good people of
village. Hoys of less thar. half a score
years artifully puff their cigars; very yoi
men drink freely when liquor was obtai
blc, and vainly boast of the capability
withstand the effects of the liquid fire,
if therein consisted their claim to manho
Night is made hideous by their lioislero
ness; day is dcsecratcd by their in
lenco.
Tlio young arc extremely suscoj>lil?lo
being contaminated by the vices with wii
they are brought in contact; the tuili
of youth, be they good or evil, a (lord
index to the career of the man. Manj
them have never had any restraints thro
upon them, and consequently cannot
deemed alone responsible for the profitl
life they are leading. While wo take i
consideration the fact that many of th
have parents or guardians of respect;i
standing in society, to whom they hav
right to look for the means of educat
or employment, they may be looked ti|
with compassionate forbearance, while tl
: 1..I- :? ?
? hv/ov5 uu|iv:i(iiivu uuiy jl is iu uxci i
espionage over them cannot be too stron
rebuked. Instead of allowing them to e
catc themselves in the schools of vice,
they are -*iow doing, parents should
that their leisure hours are spent in <
common schools. Instead, of allow
them to walk unmolested down the n
to ruin, their guardianship should in.
them useful members of society. Thoi
the parent be not aware of the gross ei
he is committing in neglecting his eh
ho is in a measure held responsible for
errors.
It is evident, parents as a general thing
not exercise that vigilant watchfulness o
their charges that their well-being demai
Sufficient care is not taken to prevent ll
coming in contact with the haunts of br:
lers, drunkards, and gamblers. Often il
make no efforts to give their sons hoi
able employment, and perhaps oftener, s
who have become refractory by parei
mismanagement refuse to engage in in
uai "labor because of the miscoucept
that it is degrading. Some of them urge
plea, as a palliation for the viciousness, t
they cannot find employment, and u
indigence as an excuse for not educal
their children. Unfortunately this may
true of many of them, though we are co
dent all may be given some means of pi
tably expending their time.? While}
Chronicle of March 14.
ROMANCE AND PORK" ANDIBEANS.
j.uuju iiiu duiiiu [iuu|>iu who hf>[>uai
have no sentiment aliout them. This r
practically illustrated a couple of days a
A young friend of ours has a nice li
wife, and is brisk at house-keeping, bu
notoriously forgetful about attending
the numerous little provisional1)' ord
just as necessary for a happy household
love itself?for people with well filled stf
achs are always more inclined to 1
than the hungry and cold, no malte
romance and roast beef are incompati
in books. Well, the other morning, a
receiving strict injunctions not to for
this and that little trifle, and espccis
"gomo meat for dinner," our friend gi
eenlimental with the parting end<
menu?.
" My dear," lie said, " you have
given ino that locket with your likcnes:
it, which I ought to have had before
marriage."
" Oh, you don't want it?you are o
pretending."
" Pretending, dearest! Nay, I pron
to wear it next to my heart till death pi
us."
" And will it always remind you?"
" Aye, it will always remind me, s\v
ono, of our early vows?of my early lov<
of the angel spirit (our friend is roman
guiding and lighting my pathway?"
"But, my dear, will it remind you"Yes,
dearest one.it will remind
every time I gaze at it, every lime I pi
my lips to it, of the holy love I bear
angel original, of the deep devotion of a
which is all hers, of?"
"But my dear," interrupted the fond t<
happy wife, intent on Tier idea; " will it
mind you to bo suro and get that meatt
dinner P
Sentiment and romanco dropped,
pork and beans triumphed.
" Zobediali," said a country schc
master, " who is the Emperor of Russu
u Wigtoria," was the reply. " And wh(
tho Dey of Algiers !" " Thunder i
lightning" cried Z?b, " I've heam tell of
Day of Judgment, and Day of Pcntec<
and Thanlwgivin' Day?but I cave on
other."
Jty Wliy is a fly one of the tallcsl
insect*? Becauso he stands ovor six I
without shoes or stockings.
'i : .
tar a man in Kentucky was so er
mously big, thnt when ho died it look I
clergymen and a hov to prcaclt his fiint
sermon,
J j. ? a iiBifliL a a a, _
ar- GOOD LAND?AND ITS VALUE.
aur There is perhaps nothing in which farmers
>ng show their discernment more than in prop- r
els, erly estimating the value of land. Wo ,1
of will hero call attcution to a few general ?
l?e principles which may he useful in coming s
md to correct conclusions on this subject. c
our We will take it for granted that land 1
of which produces only enough to pay the c
mg cost of cultivation is worth nothing?mere- 1
na- ly worth having and nothing more?like a j,
to laborer that is hired for his hoard and cloth- i
as ing. Land then has a money value when rJ
od. it will, under proper care, produce a crop f
us- worth more than the cost of cultivation, j
do- Thus, for example, if it cost as much as the
price of eight bushels of wheat to grow a
of crop of wheat on one acre, then land which
iich will yield only eight bushels to the acre lias
ons no value. But if land which yields eight
an bushels to llie acre is just worth cultivating
of and no more, how much is land worth that j
wii yield nine bushels to the acre? Perhaps
be some ono may answer that it is worth as '
ess much as a bushel of wheat, and that when j
nto wheat sells for one dollar a bushel, an acre '
em which will produce one bushel of wheat '
,ble more than the cost of cultivation, is worth
e a one dollar. A little retloeliou will, however,
ion show that such a valuation would be onion
tirely wrong. The money paid for land I
lev like any other investment, should be re
_'ise quired only to return a fair interest on its
gly cost. Therefore if one bushel of wheal
tin- worth one dollar is tlie return made by an
as acre of land for one year, the value of this j
see ^ere is the sum which would draw one dol- ?
our hir of interest. Supposing that ten per
in or cent, is considered to be an adequate return
sad for landed property, then an acre which
ike yields one dollar's worth of produce above
igli the cost of tillage is worth ten dollars. ]f
ror six per cent, is considered to he a fair reild,
turn, then it is worth sixteen dollars and
his sixty-six cents. At first sight it may appear
.easouable to maintain that land
;do cap..-.0 of producing eight bushels to the
ver acre is worth nothing, whilst that which
ids. will produce nine may be worth from ten
leir to sixteen dollars per acre. Hut every pru
iv.'- ueni man Knows liial it is the same tiling ,
iiey as giving money away to pay for that \
lor- which will bring nothing in return. If ho <
ons pays out monoy ho will cxpect to re- j
ital ceive something for interest on the amount (
an- expended. (
ion Reasoning in the same mariner as above,
l]ie it will be easily seen that land which will
hat produce eight or ten busla-ls to the aero
ivr0 above the cost of cultivation will bo worth (
j?fr from one hundred to one hundred and fifty j
kc dollars per aero. Of course, a great doal
?f|_ will depend upon the rate of interest, and
0fi. therefore upon the abundance or scarcity of |
'tall capital.
We have used tho expression ' cost of
cultivation," and wo mean thereby. tho '
whole cost of growing a crop, which beside (
r to tlio coi-t of labor and seed includes the ex- 1
!vas pense of keeping up fences and taxes, and 1
S?' also another item which is frequently oinit^l'e
ted, namely, the wear of the land, or rather 1
^ ls the amount which, spent in manuring,
t0 will make the land as good as it was before v
ur?? the crop was grown. lror it is to In- taken 1
as for granted that no wise farmer will let his
),n" land become poorer from cultivation.?
ove And therefore a larger price should be paid
r for land that will " wear well," than for that 1
which requires a great deal of manuring to J
fter keep jt up. |
get The principle which we have endeavored '
dly to explain is perfectly accurate, and still 1
rcw there is danger of its being misunderstood f
;ar- in practice. We will therelorc state it again 1
in a somewhat different manner. To find 1
nnt tlia vntim l'tiwl tvn tntie* lrr?r?iv I
? iii of the crop which it is capable of produc- '
our ing ono year with another; and we must 1
know also the cost of producing a crop. 1
nl\' If tho coat of production is less than the I
value of the crop, then tho land is worth a f
)iso price. It is worth the same which, invested
?rts at interest, would bring as large a net income
as that yielded by the land, after pay- s
ing all expenses. a
lu'ain iv 1 hit inn lioi'a . Inil it 111 fl
a iv/iii "hiii it \j 11 ci? v> otn tcu (iuuiu !/ vim 3?
bo seen tbat tbero may bo a difference of c
tic) only a few bushels in tho yield of two pie
ces of -land, and yet the one may bo not 1
?worth having, whilst the other is worth *
me twenty, fifty, or oven a hundred dollars per ?
ess ftcre. And since it does not cost much ^
its more to cultivate tho same piece of land B
life whether it be rich or poor, it follows that *
wherever manure can be had for a reasona- '
md hie price, it will provo tho cheaper plan for 1
re. tho farmer to mako his land rich. For the '
for same reason it will generally he found to be ^
a more profitable investment for him who 1
lnj has spare capital to spend in improving the
land he lias, rather than hnv mnrn Rut
still there is land which it would he unwise t
>C)1" to spend anything upon, in tho way of ira- 8
1 provoraent, unless manure were cheaper ?
> '8 than it is likely to be soon. For our own *
part, we aro/juito a beliover in tho rule of
^ie ah old farmer, who practiced on this prccept c
5?t, ?w Good land,1' said ho, " is cheap at any {
the price, provided yon can pay for it; poor >
land is dear at any price." n
tof
An exchange, noticing tho present j
feet 0jf ? silver cup to a coteinp.orary, says :
'*?Xa needs no cup. lie enn drink from
ior- any vessel that contains liquor, whether the 1
nvo neck of a bottle, tho mouth of a demijohn,
ral the spile of a kog, or the bung of a bar- ]
rcl," ,
HORTICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE,
BY L. DUIIAXD.
Betwixt tho terms, IIorlicuHiirc and Agiculture,
there is generally supposed to be
t wide division of interest and meaning,
uul llicy are invariably treated^ as separate
ciences. This, in my opinion, ie an egre;ious
error. The two terms arc so intinatelv
connected together that it is diffiult
to tell where one begins and the other
onvno /.(V f. t
V. . vw vu? iutlKj ItlllllUlO QUUIl IV IJitVU fill
dea that Agriculture and Horticulture have
10 particular or special connection together,
riiis idea is a great mistake on their part,
or tlic two liavc a very special and close
nterest with each other. Agriculture,
nopcr, means the improvement and culti ation
of the soil, on the farm at large, in
ho various kinds of crops grown, worthy
>f cultivation. Horticulture may bo callcd
arming more refined ; that is, garden cub
uro, or tlic cultivation of all classes of veg'tables,
fruits, flowers, fruit trees, &c. So
hat the farmer should not only learn to bo
i good farmer or agriculturist, but should
ilso aspire to? ho a good horticulturist, by
uactiee. When the two are combined to
jethcr with skill and practice, scicnce, ?fcc.,
he farmer may then stand at the head of
lis profession.
Few of us can or do have a just appronation
of what an improved agriculture and
lorticulture will have on the community at
argo, in refinements and civilization. In
act, it is one of the motive powers of progress
towards refining and civilizing man,
n which all may partake and be benefited.
Hie improvenient'of the soil has a peculiar
.'fleet, or will have, on all who will engago
i) its cultivation in the right spirit, to soften
lown the rough nature of man, aud make
lim a creaturc of patience, hope, and good
.vorks. True, this may not be the case
vhen the business Ls simply followed as- a
neans to get a living and make money.
Hut when the mind and heart is engaged
villi the hand labor to carry forward this
jusiness, then it is that the cultivator be:omes
a real improver of himself and his
ace. For instance, who ever saw or heardt
>f an improved agriculture or horticulture
jrowing up and flourishing in a land of
1 Heathenism and Idolatry!" No one.
What dots tliis fact prove then ? It says,,
n plain words, that whom din
?..V vuiwnniiuu
>f the soil is neglected, from generation to
;eueration, that misrule, baibarism, ami
[loallu.'iiiMii will t:ike the place of civiGza.ion
and the arts. This fact can be abunhuitly
proved by past ages, and, of course,,
lie same rule and practice would again
bring about the same results in time.?
;\gaiu the improvement of the soil brings
ivith it all the various kinds of rural embellishments
of the day, which go to make
up tho happiness of civilized society. In.
fact, it would bo difficult to name any spe:ial
improvement of the ago which does
not have its foundation from this source as
i starting point. If these points arc tiue,.
.hen should not all feel un interest id p??~
noting these objects, which all are so natinately
connected with ? Then, as we haveihown
that not only farmers and' gardeners
ire interested in this development of the
esourcea of the soil, but the whole coaanunity
at hirgo are brought in debt to this,
source, of course we expcct that those
lireetly interested in soil cultivation as &
lieans of obtaining a living, will feel more'
nterest in this subject than those not directy
in connection with it. Hut still there is.
i principle bpvoml lli? mf>ro ? s.i?
4 j ?? .~v>w uviini iucn
mil view of tlic subject which is worthy of
Ulenlion and consideration. In this graspng
age wc know the first question is, how
nucli " money " can we bring out of it a?
i business? Our question now is, what is
his business worth to us as an improver of
norals, health, happiness, long life, See. I
jet every individual answer this question
or hiins.lf at leisure.
Busk your Tomatoes.?It is just as seniblo
to grow peas without bushing them
is it is tomatoes. You may grow both in
i slovenly sort of way, if you have plenty
>f room on thft nrrniinfl li??? ??? ??? -
0 ~K.. JVU V?U glUIf
sitlicr twice as well upon something to sup>ort
them, and tomatoes are decidedly beter
grown up in the air than near tha
'round, under the shade of a mass of vines.
[*he best support for a tomato vine, is a
hort bush set firmly in the ground. The
>ranchea have room to spread among the
imbs and support tho fruit, The plan i&
nuch better than tjbg to stakea and
rimming, according to our experience.--*
Ye have tried both ways.?Agricultural
Exchange.
Cabbage Worms.?Jobn Farrar, one of
lie most practical farmers in lite State>
ays, these destructive ins*ds may be de~
troved in the following easy and simple
ray:
M Break off a large leat from tbe bottom
>f tlic cabbage, and place It on tlieU?ix.un-_
" *ZV-T
>cr side dowrt. Do this in tho evenfitg unflP
n tho morning you will find near or qniU>
ill tlio worms on cnch cabbage .have token
ip their quarters on this lestfi. TakeoJPth^
uuf and kill thdra or Pood tlicm totlieehtcbins,
and place tho ieaf back ff tiiero'W any
noro to.calcb,"
?????? dfcd
jtST The young lady who fell in lova
ias just been pnlleil out by the daring fellow
ivho successfully struggled with the world.
?