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From lh.fi Mchmoiiil Knqnirer. Repeal of the Usury l>?ws> Tn n former article on this subject, we examined some of the arguments usually Advanced in support of :tnii-usury laws.? Wo showed that such laws wore not sustained by ftnv precept of the Hi hie, tho prohibition therein being only a municipal regulation, peculiar to the Jews, and which it would he senseless in nations, differently situated, to adopt. We also proved that money does not receive its value from dictum of government*, but was rearulatud l?v the gre.il laws of value, which govern every oilier commodity, i. e : the piimc cost of production and the supply au<l demand. Wc also demonstrated that tho repeal of our anti-usury laws would benefit the needy borrower in every way, and could possibly injure only that clan whose trade it was to oppress by extortionate loans. We desire, in the next place, to examine the elVect of anti-usury laws, historically. Tho fiiends of the-e most unwholesome restrictive statutes, answer the arguments advanced against tln'iii, by saying that they are abstract ions and theoretical, unsupported by actual expericiice. Lotus see whether the answer is ti ue. The history of every nation, ancient and modern, proves that the complaints of money borrowers, against money-lenders, have ever commenced with tlie lirst ellbrts of the government to control the rate of interest on money; and that these complaints, lending to more stringent legislation, have increased jniri passu with the rigor of the laws. Thus, in the earlier period of Uoman history, we hear nothing of such complaints, because free trade in money existed ; hut so soon as the government undertook to manage dealings in money and to prohibit or restrict the rate of interest, just as soon do we hear loud and bitter complaints against extortionate usurers. These complaints led to severer laws, which, in their turn, led to still louder complaints, until, as we are informed hv Tacitus, (his became tlie mo.-t frequent cuuse of sedition and open rebellion. At one time, when the matter came before the Roman Senate, it found that a large majority of the Senators were deeply involved in their violation of these laws, which they had helped to enact. It was ascertained that even the virtuous lirutus had received forty-five per c<Mit. on money loaned. " The price of money," says Montesquieu, " rose higher, just in proportion to the severity of the law and the danger of the borrower's , taking advantage of it.M Mcl'hcrsoti, in his history of commerce, bears the same testimony. "The clamor and persecution." , says he, "raised against those who look interest for the use of money, was so vio lent, they (the lenders) were obliged to charge it much higher than the usual price, mid hence the usual rale of interest was what we should naw call most extortionate and scandalous usury," The Koran prohibits all interests upon money, and hence we find that, in all M diometlan countries, the rate of interest is most exorbitant. Indeed, we are informed by travellers, that interest in Mahomcdnn countries is ten or even twenty times as great as iu countries where its receipt is allowed. Ilallam tells us, that during the 15th century, when the rate of interest in Italy *nd Catalonia, where parties were allowed, for t!;e most part, to make their own bargains, was comparatively moderate, while in France and Kuglaiul. where it was wholly prohibited, it was exorbitantly high. Hume says, that in the times of lleury VI. of England, when all interest was prohibited, ?i.? .....o r. I 4IIU lUHtOV I IUV VI IIHVI V"CV ? IW IVUI IL'L'il J'CI ccnt. The following fact, which is well million* tiealed, speaks most conclusively upon the effect of such restrictive laws. In 10(55, France made live per cent, the legal rate of interest. In 17(30, tlio law was changed, ami the rate reduced fr??m five to four per eent. It is *aiii that before this change loans could have been easily obtained, on good security, at Jive per cent.; but an additional per colli, was now charged to cover the risk of illegality. The same thing happened in Livonia, iu 1780. when the Em press Catharine reduced tlie legal rate from six to five per rent. So soon as the change was made, the market rate of interest rose one per cent, higher. In England, during the reign of Ilcnry VI, as already stated, the lowest rate of interest was fourteen per cent., although the taking of anv was sternly prohibited. This remained lb current rate until the law changed, and ten per cent, was allowed. In the preamble to this law the following remarkable language oeeurs : " The prohibiting aet of Edward VI hath not done so much ?ouJ as was hoped for; but rather the vice of usury hath much more exceedingly abounded, to the utter undoing of many gentlemen, merchants, occupiers and others, to the importable hurt of the Commonwealth." All laws against usury were abolished by the lie volution in France; yet, it i.s s:iid, that no ri.se of interest followed. In Holland tlmix; .are no laws against usury, and wo find that tfoe rate of interest is lower here than in any other country. Such is the uniform testimony of history. We defy the production of a single contradicting fact. The proof is conclusive, and should convince every reasonable and impartial man. Let us see if we cannot add to tliis testimony by {acts of more recent date, TTie anti-usury laws of England have at last yielded to h half century of fierce attack. The test of their injurious ellects was most thorough and convincing. First, these laws were repeated an to negotiable paper, and tlie c*flV:< L of this partial repeal was most sensibly experienced during the moaey pressure of 1837. After tliib the g?Ben*l law was repealed fur one year; at the end of that year, tlie repeal for another year, and so on from year to year, tlie test was annliefl. unci it luilnw ? "II ? ' * & usmuiisunn-n that the repeal worked great relief to all brandies of trade and commerce, tlio repeal was. in 1854, made perpetual. Never was legislation more cautious and conservative?never was the ellect of innovation so carefully examined; and never was its benefit more clearly demonstrated. The Bank of England, tlie largest money institution known to us, lias been released from the operation of the anti-usury laws for About twenty years; "yet we know that its rate of interest has always been exceedingly low* when compared with tlie Bank rate? in this country. It was but the other day tlltt WftlMMVAfl IIPVVB silllinff tlio rto..l of England had raised the rate of interest to six per cent", anil the result was almost a panic, 'while, nr this counuy, we think Jitlledf paving double orJrebkthat rate, iu tiroes of pressure. Anti-usury laws can have bo other effect than U?a? which we ascribe to thetn. They must drive capital from the loan market, whenever the legal rale ia less than the current worth of loans. They niupt, therefore, hasten, intensify aiul prolong every pressure in the motley market. They trammel commence in time* when she most ueeds liberty ; they injure, in like manner, every oilier interest, ami work a great moral evil upon society. These cHeels, we propose to trace in our next article on tho subject. It'iir with J?ii y la ml.?Thero aro indications that tho war spirits in both England and tho ITnih'il .is- ' - . -V..W' ?tl^ Mir-JHIMU IV# alive a hostile foolinpc between tho two countries. We can assure those who are ungaged in the agreeable business in this eountry th.it they need expeot no aid or comfort from the South. The South will prove itself in this controversy the conservative section. The South, treated like a Conquered province in tho House of Representatives. hunted by the Free Soil bloodhounds in Kansas, threatened with civil ami servile war if she continue to maintain her rights in that territory, plundered daily of her property, receives greater wrongs at the hands of her domestic enemies than she ever did or ever will receive from enemies abroad. The New York Times, a malignant Free Soil sheet, exultingly declares that sinoe the passage of the Fugitive Law in 1850, some thirty-five thousand slaves have escaped, and the value of the property absconded or stolen amounts to ?t least thirty-live millions of dollars! The Times does not seek to repress its manifestations of delight. It exclaims, "The most, valuable slaves arc those who escape. What in terest iii this country can survive an annual loss of five millions of dollars? The average increase of slaves in the border States for the ten years previous to 18.30 was five thousand, and six thousand ran away.? Here is emancipation without the aid of abolition." We commend this statement to the Southern public and to Southern Senators and Representatives in Congress. With such wrongs unredressed at home, why should we hasten to fight the battles of our despoilers and oppressors abroad.?liichmontl JJispulch. Effort to prevent Emit/ration to the (/mini stolr/t.?A. correspondent gives us tlio following information in reference to the efforts which arc being made iti Europe to divert the tide of emigration from tlie ; United States to Australia, Chili, and so on: "I have already advised you that strong efforts were being made to turn the tide of (.'migration from tlic United Slates, and am sorry to say that, wherever I have been, I have witnessed the effects of these movements. The short C;?>p in th'o United States in 1854 was published all over this country, and a know\.(ig<. of the distresses of the season v.as general among the laboring classes. It may seem strange that those who know so well about matters in the United States in 1854 should know so little of the present condition of the country. lint parties have not been idle in order to direct emigration to Australia, to Chili, and to other places. Misrepresentations have been made, and every possible means resorted to for the purpose of adding to the baleful effects of American Know.-I 1?** --- ' ..uiioiigmui, v>iiii-ii inner, iti useil, was likely to keep from our shores a vast amount of eapital and productive labor, I have been assured that one of the misrepresentations that commanded full belief among the poorer classes in many parts of this country is. that, the crop of 1855 in the United States was equally as bad as that of 1854; that there exists a great deficiency, mii'-h suttcring, and the like; that the boast by the Americans of full corps and freedom from distress had been put forward in order to put in motion again the current of emigration to the United States; and the. ignorant countrymen h<*re have been cautioned against placing reliance in such interested reports,"?Wushington Union. Mexico.?President Comonfort lias addicssod a letter to the Bishop of San Louis I'otosi, from which it appears that the lat tor had taken offence at the course pursued towards the clergy by the Government.? His Excellency explains that if the bishops were not advised of the installation of the Government, it was only in consequence of the confusion attending upon the numerous changes in the Ministry having caused the attention to l>c overlooked. In the course of his letter he declares that ho yields to no one in the conviction of the great inllu enec religion exercises on the happiness of nations; that he is ptirsuaded that unifor mity in religious beliefs is the closest bond of the national union that exists between them; and that lie is, and always will be disposed to do all he can to strengthen religious feeling in the country. He expresses it as his opinion, however, that the t... I K'j t-XCIUUlllfJ llieillsclves f'roin all intervention in political matters, would render themselves the more vvorthj' of reaped, and place themselves in a very advantageous situation to mediate in civil dissension. This, he argues, would by no means deprive them of their quality of citizens.? 4k In the United States, for example," ho says, "clergymen of all denominations are considered as simple citizens, and nevertheless can neither ekct nor be elected, nor interfere into political deliberations; but live exclusively consecrated to their sacerdotal duties; and there the ecclesiastics of the Catholic Church have never complained of being entirely excluded from intervention in political affairs." The Work goes Bravely On.?Every day, and almost every mail, brings confirmation Of the President's irrnwinrr nnnn # # o ~ i? rwr" larily with the people. Alabama put the hall in motion, am! since then the popular will of Tennessee, Georgia, South Carolina, Texas and Kentucky, lias been expressed in such a manner as to leave no doubt that he is the choice of a majority of the people in all of these States. As for Georgia, we speak advisedly when wo givo it as our opinion, that Franklin Pierce, at this time, could get the vote of this State for President, over any man that tho opposition could start, by twenty thousand majority. Alrl.ruwtl. !? ?* ?- - ? aw m?o iiiuu^llb U?;Ot IIUl IU HIstruct our delegates to Cincinnati, in so many words, to vote for the re-nomination of President Pierce, jet evory member of tlio delegation knows that be was the first choice of a largo majority of tbo convention. Tho indications at this time are 6trong in favor of keeping our present skillful pilot at the helm for four years more.? Georgia Paper. ? ?3T Tho Baltimore Patriot says: "Tho wife of a gentleman residing in the western section of the city, a few days since, presented to her astonished lord four little responsibilities at ode birih, two of each sex. We learn that both mother and children are doing well. The happy papa, though proud of thc.se little pledges, admits that in these hard times, such a rapid increase of his family, circlo is far from desirable, and tv great deal mora than be bargained for." ? - ABBEVILLE BANNER. WILLIAM O. DAVI3, EDITOR. THURSDAY MORNING, FEB. 28, 185& JtfT" The coiiinuuiicntion of " Sandy Glade" will appear next issue. Advertisements. If you wish to ho posted up, read the Advertisements of Waudlaw & Son, Wiku ?fc Mii.lkh, and II. S. Ivkkk. Celebration ol Washington* Birthday. The Abbeville Light Infantry and Southern Rights Dragoons united to do honor to him who whs " first in war, first in pence, and first in the hearts of his countrymen," on tho 22d inst. The Companies were called out about 12 o'clock, and drilled until 1 ; then met at the Marshall House, formed procession, and marched to the Court House to hear an address from \V. M? i IIaddkn, Esq. A large audience of both ladies and gentlemen were in attendance. ; Mr. IIaddkn made an admirable speech? chaste, eloquent and appropriate. After i which, the Companies repaired to Ramky's Hotel, to partake of the delicious edibles . prepared for tho occasion. After tlio sump- i tuous repast and generous llow of spirits i and military enthusiasm, the company retired, more pleased than pleasing. I The Probabilities of War with England. The news brought bv llu? sto lltior I ?=? ' > I tic, is calculated to ahirin tlio uninitiated. It is stated offensive language liad passed between Mr. Buchanan and Lord Ci.aiie.n- J Dos. We are also told that Mr. Buchanan , had demanded his passports. There must be some mistake about this affair. We are not prepared to give credence to the story. The warlike tone of the British press ' might, if it were the exponent of public , sentiment in England, very naturally lead to apprehensions of war; but England has had enough of war for the present, and the good Sense of her people will not tolerate the idea of breaking up the friendly relalioiis now existing between t.h? two ernments. We notice sonic extracts from tlie Etig( lisli papers, full of liigh sounding braggadocio, claiming for England the power to annihilate our navy and reduce us to terms, should hostilities occur. This looks well on paper, anil were it as easily performed as written, we might, apprehend danger. ( Washington Items. I Nothing of special interest has occurred i at Washington, up to the latest accounts i we have received. We clip the following i from the Washington Sentinel of Feb. i 21st: 1 " In the Senate, yesterday, the Central I American question was briefly discussed, 1 and the further consideration of the subject ( postponed until Tuesday next. "The resolution of Mr. Jones, of Tennessee, calling for the journal of proceedings 1 of the naval hoard, was passed. < 14 In the IIouvo of Representatives, the i resolution of the Committee of Elections, asking power to send fur persons and papers in the. Kansas contested < lection case, was recommitted to that committe, with | instructions to report the grounds for re- i questing to bo clothed with such power : and also to consider a proposition to appoint Joseph II. Iiradlcy ami Sidney S. Baxter, es(js., of this city, to take testimony in that case/' 1 The same paper states that no Chaplain i of the House had been elected?that the I election had been indefinitely postponed, and ascribes the postponement to the " indelicate importunities of the gentlemen who so industriously sought the professional distinction." IIow revolting to Christianity, that her professed votaries should snuff the breeze of unworthy ambition, and stoop to electioneer in person for clerical distinctions ! ^ > J let rt-Rend i nrj Calamity.? The Fairmont True Virginian of Thursday last con- ' nuns bin: loiiowmg auuressf.-u 10 llio editor of that paper : liy a I ,'tter received tliis morning from a late resident of this plane, dated Wiscoy, Allegany county, New York, February 7lh 1830, I learn the following heart-rending item of news: On Monday night, the 4th inst., Niagara ( wire suspension bridge gave way, precipita-' ting into the water a train of cars containing about 100 passengers, all or nearly all of whom were killed. The bridge was sns- ' pended 240 feet from the water, which at i that point is said to be about 250 feet deep. Immediately under the bridge the water runs at the rate of twelve or fifteen miles an hour. The particulars are not rnvpn. but tb? < substance of the cane is undoubtedly true. I * - I A Homicide.?A rencountro took place, in this Village on Monday the 4th inst., ' between W. P. Jones and William D. Thurmond, in which the Jatter received i several severe, blows on the head, which, . fracturing the skull and penetrating the ( brain, resulted in his death on Thursday , 14th. We do not know the facts, further 1 than suited, and therefore cannot pretend to ! give them. We suppose they will be ] elicited by the approaching Court of Ses- i sions, as it is understood that Mr. Jones? , who has not been arrested?will be brought to trial.?Edyejicld Informer, 21 st inst. Legislative Times.?The number of copies ' of the above woik subscribed for by the < Legislature has been sent by the carriers of ' the Acts and Resolutions to the different i Court Houses of the State. The Treas- ' urer of the Upper DivUiont requests us to state, for general information, that ho has | also sent by the same conveyances a large number of blank bonds, blank free school returns, ns well as the compilation of free i school laws, ordered by the last seseiou.? i Carolina Times. j New York, February 25.?Later advices ' have been received from Kansas. Frepara- < lions were being made on both sides for | war, and a conflict was foared between f the Kickapoo rangers and eastern free- . soitefB. . 1 4 i J3T After an exact measurement, it is | noted as a fact in steam statistics that the Su Nicholas hotel and the stores under it nre heated by no less than 01 miles of iron 1 steam pipes. t What Should tho South Do? j In view of tlic rapid strides of the Higher | Law, tho anti-slavery and unconstitutional ' doctrines among tlic enemies of the South f ?in view of tho fact that a rabid Aboli- j tiouist now presides over tho deliberations ) of Congress?in view of the sectional feel- i ing and blind fanaticism which is now tho i political food of tho Northern masses?in | view of that frenzied spirit of Abolitionism i which hoards its wrath that it may hurl it < against our domestic institutions?wc sny, I in view of tho perilousnevj of tho times, i and amid the dangers that stand thick around us, should not the Southern public i be IllllVOll lr? llu? imridi-l .?.? "" cmiiiii^, *v IIUL I should the South do to turn hack tho tide I of political corruption which threatens the i domestic peace and perpetuity of her insti- i tutions i I In our opinion, tho first grent and only ' effective antidote, is union among ourselves. ' No odious or restrictive measure has ever < jret hern palmed oil" upon us, except l>y division at th<- South. The South, united, is now and ever has been able, by the aid of 3 ;i few Northern conservatives?whose souls ' :ire large enough to contemplate a nation's interest?to carry any point or principle ' sanctioned by the Constitution and national justice of the country. It requires no political sagacity to traco the evils which have been entailed upon us, to division in ( our household. IIow long shall we con- f Limits to cherish party strife and contention ?to add fuel to the consuming furnace of ' parly faction ? When are we to learn that 1 he only issue between the North and 1 youth, is that of slavery or no slavery ' 1 Why should we lose sight of this para- ?' nount question, and quarrel upon minor 1 iml insignificant issues, involving neither 1 srivate or public interest ? ' It is lamentable that one portion of the 1 South is now arrayed against the other? ' hat the Native American party, ignoring I lie existence of freesoilism, have trav- J sled abroad to find an enemy in the person ' )f tlic Pope, who has not a tithe of power ' o injure u*, in comparison with Abolition- { sm. They seem to think that our national 1 xanquillity is endangered by foreign influ- 1 ?nce. They urgiie upon the supposition of ' ,vhat the Pope of the Romish Church would i lo if Ins had the power. We arc candid * ;o admit that the tyranny of the Pope, in iities gone by, has proved fatal to the lib jrties of those over whom his power ex- ' ended; but we cannot shut out the belief I "rom our mind that his power is diminished unong any people, in proportion to their t idvancement in education, civilization and ' intellectual acquirements?that it is only 1 n the dark caverns of ignorance and an- 1 perstition, that the spirituality and infalli- ' jility of this august personage will be ae- f knowledg<'d. If Popery can sustain itself ' July where ignorance prevails, to argue 5 that our country is in danger of being over- ' run by the liomi.sh Church, is to argue that Christianity is to fall from her estate, and tllilt U'(. 'in t<i l.mc. 1.....1. - 1 1 - ? ... w Kill n. iimu me siOllgllS o( ignorance ami scnii-l>arl>ari$m. A cardinal principle of the American i party, is that u Americans must rule Amer fca." Well, wo presume that no man of ?' intelligence would undertake to deny that < Americans do now and ever will rule Amer ica. Will the foivign and Catholic vote in 1 Congress ever be able to sway the dclibcra- 1 lions of that body ? They certainly have ( no power now. And if we are justified in J the assumption that the ratio of increase in the foreign and Catholic combined, and the 1 native population, has in the past and will f in the future remain the same, it is equally 1 certain that foreign and Catholic influence ' will never go beyond its present strength. ' We are glad to believe that the Ameri- ' can parly South, since its inauguration, has ?' been purged of many of its impurities? ' that it has dispensed with its grips and < oaths?that umin tho sl???rir :? . f J lias, in several of the Southern Slates, taken strong grounds, and sworn to stand by the Georgia platform?so much so, that it is now difficult to recognize the features which distinguish it fioni the Democratic party. The Mobile Rcr/istcr, in speaking ?f the platform recently adopted by the Know-Nothing Convention of Alabama, makes the following remarks, from which it would appear that the differences are more imaginary than real: " Looking at the political status of the Know-Nothing party of Alabama as now fixed by itself, wo cannot suppress a feeling of surprise at the narrowness of the distinctive principles upon which it has based itu,.lf ...? ?>J I iiuu uii Milieu lb iiwjjch lu iiuiu lOgCHICr 1 and consolidate its strength. In no singlo 1 material and real respect does the party in < this State (taking their lato platforms as tho < guide,) differ in principle from the Democratic party. The only apparent difference ' is set forth in the fifth resolution adopted ( l>y the State Council at Montgomery in ' November, 1855, and re-affirmed by the J Convention of the 4th instant, which is in ihese words: 1 "'Fifth. A radical change in the natu- ' ralization laws is required by the exigences j of the country, so as to affect all foreigners [ coming into tho country, after its enactment, and to prevent the transportation and immigration of paupers and criminals of ' other countries.' t "Tho Democratic party, in opposing the ? furious crusade of 44 Sam " in his younger ? days on foreigners, has always held the Ian- J 511 ago that tho question of changing the naturalization laws was an open one?that c it was a question of expediency ; and if it ? ;ould be shown that the present naturaliza- v lion Saws were defective in carrying out the ? '.rue intent of the Constitution and the c spirit of our Government, in relation to em- ? gration, the Democratic party was ready * ind willing to improve and amend these i' aws." 4 - - p We take it that all parties at tho South f< ire agreed upon the vital question, slavery; p hen why should we split upon minor issues, h ind, by division, weaken our cause, ant Jius tempt our enemies to renewed assaults rii? next Presidential canvass will bo an is >ue between Democracy and Abolitionism ind if the South is determined to maintair lior present party lines, freesoilism will gloa in success. It behooves thoso who ar? moving heaven and earth to keep alive par ,izan feeling at the South, to ponder wel upon tho courso they aro pursuing. Th? juestion for them to decide is, whether it. i> better for the country to unite with tho De uiocraey to carry out tho principles o Pikuck'h Administration, or stand isolated uid thus present an inHiirmountable barrio ;o the success of constitutional conserva Jsin. Will the South play tho bamo farc< n tho Presidential canvass, as that playet n llm i i ? < .. v.iv vwnivii iv/i u|'i;aMW x ?v u IIU[)C IOI better things. Lot party distinctions b< juried in oblivion?let the whole South lx inited, to do the best that can be done fo: nir cause. WRITTKS FOU tiik ADDBVILLK BANNER. LETTERS FROM THE MOUNTAINS 1 Tim Ruler ami the liouorihlc, he is tlie lirml ' Ami tlie Prophet that tcneheth lies, he is ih< tail. ' For the leaders of this penplo ennse thein to orr 'And they thut uro led of (hem, arc destroyed.' Isaiah's PiiomiX'Y. I liavo more than onco alluded to tin ixtraordinary beauty of our Mountaii iccncry, but I am unable to do justice to it We must appoint a great Master of cere nony to their lofty Highnesses, the Moun ains, and let him give to your Lowlandcrs in idea of their maguiiiccnce. lie wil 'iitcrtain you on all these lofty subjects ii in agreeable manner. I have so often trioi n vain, to excite the picturesque curiositj >f some of my friends, that now I musl cnve it to abler hands. The admirers o ,'etraroa are always in ecstasy at the vcrj mine of tlic Fountain of Vaiieluse, solel) iccause, no doubt, associated with Laura 'oetry and her lover, lint I assure you I lave seen many more pic.turesijue fountain! n this country that arc thought very litth >f because there were no Lauras and Pe rarcas to embalm their beauty in sweel KH'trv. They abound down cast in poets et them send us a summer colony, and t liej vill soon celebrate, in their rich versification ill these natural beauties. I hope that tho noonday light tint illu nines tho following extracts from "A Jour ,..i ? i ? it? .1 mi, vhiiiiu uiivi'iing in ouuiii v>aro ina, may prove acceptable to your readers ilousseau wrote letters " From the Moun ains," and though 1 date from a siinila ocation, I start from a very humble intel ectual elevation. However, every out inds his level by the matter and inanue ie treats it. "Tout arrive en France 'aid the witty, wise and prophetic de L: liociiefoucnuld. True bill ; but can we no >ay the same thing with respect to thesi United States ? Everything occurs ii America also; and why not ? Are we no i mere out shoot of European humanity A'ith greater virtues and stronger vices Tlio former are being buried with our he ocs; while the latter spring out, in thei stead, into vigorous and surprising luxuri ince. Head l)e Toequcville's eulogy o nir country and institutions, written onlj .wenty-five years ago, and compare it witl Ls present unstable, precarious condition md you will be convinced that the duclitx )f this great Republic has already be jun. A i 1 1 . .. - - w? uiKe a turn's eye view oF the for ner state of America and her people, w? ;ee every where the same kind of devolioi .0 the State, and respect for the law of tin and, though in various gradations evei hen. We see the individual devoted t< lis family, the family devoted to the State ind tho State to humanity, progress am lie happiness of the million. And w< dearly perecive, as wo ascend the socia scale of moral importance of individuals t< lie State, we gradually pass from the exer iise of the kindly atl'ections to those o ligher and higher intelligence; the mori >ve rise, the greater the extent of and th< DriglUer the moral horizon. Tho American nation is a greedy dc /ourer of newspapers, books, and especially rashy novels; btill the mind's thermomete s pointing to a low figure. I have no pre :ensions to be a Seneca, a Macchiavelli, t I'urgot, or a Franklin, still things are to< plain not to be perceived. We are reach ng very fast political decay, in the sam< progressive ratio that we intuitively arrive U an almost imaginary political perfection Joon nothing will remain of us, but tin memory of our material existence, and on moral death will only leave behind ou jarthly remains. Look out for the enemie >f the country in our own camp?Congress They are casting fire-brands into the peace 'ui fields of dry flax, and when on fire, i luvouring lire, and when too late, wo wil ill exclaim, with eyes and hands uplifted t< [leaven : " Sic transit gloria mundi." but let us turn to other no less impor Ant matters. In the days of (lie celebrate* Madame de Sevigne, there were no newspa >ers liko in our times, therefore her inipa ience of giving utterance to her thought esorted to writing those charming letter! o her daughter, which have justly immor alized her for the beauty, graco and natu alness of stylo. In our days we may thinl iloud in the presence of the public, througl rour columns. I shall hero give you the substance of the lonvereation of a grave judge. " I lov< vhat is simple, natural and really lovely ir voman. and hate all thai. 5- ?:?:? , ??w .. ?.?/. 10 vivivur ifid coatee. I cannot benr repetitions, and ommon nonsense formulated so as to suit verybody, to please everybody?a saddle bat fits all horses. While this is my feeing, a female friend of mine, in order to be irominently distinct from every body, fot jar of being thought tame and commonlace, becomes bold to coarseness. As to or cousin, is alwpya acting the lap I ' guishing ami the sentimental ; but Mm. A. . thinks we ought to conceal from the world - our true sentiments as well as our true sen; nihilities. Give utterance to no emphatic i sentiments, she adils, and do not make sot ciety your father confessor. It is excessive3 ly mcuiivuis Ion, and even ridiculous, to - show in the least that you care for or love 1 your husband. You may have a light tlirt3 atiou, pour jxisncr le temps ; but all persous ality must disappear. Still Mrs. A. is al - ways acting; tliero is no self-abnegation ; f she is always present to herself; she loves , exaggeration ami badinage, and she is often r pompous in her expressions, even when she - shoots an arrow at pedantry. The graces 3 of her person arc borrowed from artificial 1 means, and her buoyant hilarity launches r her into extravagance's which are rather 3 hazardous. She has a friend of whom she J is very proud and with whoso feathers she r decorates herself; because she passes for a bel-eaprit, and bacausc she has read all the novels of the day without omitting those productions, which are, naghi tli fanui, ma picni di famine. Thought, now and then, , drops in, in t he midst of these singular sen? timents and behavior, the flower of natural ; talent, and her keen attic wit. She will be playful, sportive and frivolous, I really bo lice, when she will be a grandmother. It ' is inetc in her, she cannot help it now ; and ' the seeds will germinate in her posterity. She faithfully hands down to her posterity, - her paternal inheritance." When we contrast such a character, with i the woman of brilliant effusions, in whom 1 a virtuous character is no disparagement to > her amiability, whoso intelligence does not I clash with her usefulness ; and her brilliant ' wit with tho duties of a sensible, sensitive L and loving wife; we are obliged to record f that there is in such a society, no progress. T After three weeks continual frost and very ' cold weather, thermometer a? low as 12" F., , this morning the plows and sub-soilers were L started for a few hours, wlion tlie cold wind ? and snow storm drove the whole gang in, ; glad to retreat to a warm oak fire. Your friend, t J. TOGNO. , Montevino, Jan. 26, 185G. Commercial. i AitiiKvn.i.E, C II., Fob. 27, 1856. Cot Ion.?Tin- market, at its opening on Friday - tlio first <lay of current report, continued with - a good enquiry, holders realizing very fair prices. The sales mn<lt? during the week were nearly Cot) hales, at extremes, 7} @ 10c. IJuyers to-day do not seem so anxious, yet 1 there is no particular change to notice in foreign * markets ; ami froin that fact, we will not change 2 former quotations?8 ($ 9.J extremes. I will p also rcmurk that there is more of u falling of! ' on poor grades ot cotton than on fair or good staple. J-'tour, per barrel, ?0.50; Mrttl, per bushel, 75c.; J'rax, per bushel, ?100 @ ?1.12; Bacon, 2 li/trr niltnil 1 On t OourjnitA, Fi'b. 2fi, 18;"ifi. ^ Cotton.?Tlic news from Liverpool which came to hand yesterday mornimr, had nil mi, favorable elFcot on our cotton market, and at the ; close of business it was ascertained that prices had declined a full i rent oil rales current at the - close of taut week. -ISO hides wore sold, at 8J r (<C OJ extremes?moat sales ut 'J.J (jg '.'J cents.? South Ctiroliiiitiii. ClIARt.cttrtv, Fell. 25, 1850. 1 Cotton?Dull and not quolahly lower. fnjmcncal. , MAHKIKD, on the 1-itli inst., I?y the Kev. James M. Chiles, Tiios. J. Adams, Ksij., of Kdite:: field, to Mbs Mauv Ida, daughter of Thus. - Chatham, of (ireenwood, Abbeville District. ?bituarn. a DIED, on the 12th inst., Mrs. Ki.i/a M- Kkn1 NKoy, wife of M. J}. Kennedy, and daughter of William Barksdiitc, in the twenty-sixth year of " her Several years since, the deceased bei cnmc a ineinher of the Presbyterian Church at Providence, ami she has since exemplified, bv a ^ eoll.qist.cnI life. I.lio Hi>?(pinn ?li.> ill... ?? - our ? mid her babe both lie in one cnlKn ; lint those I left behind, feel assured Ui.it their irreparable loss is her eternal gain. 1 O* HOLLOW AY'S OINTMENT and 1'ILLS. ) ?Wonderful Remedies for the Cure of Scalds _ and Burus.?Emelia Anderson, of Newport, j. Rhode Island, was uccidontly severely scalded by some boiling water falling over her. The I J whole of the righ' side and leg in particular was 13 in a most shoeking state. Something in the hurry of tho moment was applied which caused . the flesh to peel off almost to the bone, and rcn, dered her utterly unable to move, she was carried to bed, medical assistance called in, and her recovery despaired of; it so happened, that a friend who paid a visit that da}', had just been I cured of n dreadfully bad leg by Uolloway's ) Ointment and Pills, and she recommended the . panic, the Pills and Ointment were accordingly bought and used, by continuing them for two weeks, alio was perfectly well, and lias written most gratefully to Professor Ilolloway, for the euro offected. It r i? /tn ounce ui inci is woriii a pound or theory ; and the swarm of conclusive facts that cluster around thai incomparable preparation, 8 llooflaud's German Bitters, prepnred by Dr. C. M. Jackson, Philadelphia, establishing its value as a tonic and restorative, are such as would I prevent iucredulity itself from questioning its | efficacy. In all coses of diseases of tlio stomach, whether acute or chronic, it may be recommended for its soothing, cordial and renovating influence. I)y-pepsia, heart-burn, loss of appetite, * nausea, nervous tremors, relaxation and debility, 1 Ac., are relieved by the Bitters in a very short . space of time; and a perseverance iu their use never fails to work a thorough cure. See advertisement. [Feb. ' ??? J ID" For Bronchitis, Throat Diseases, Hacking . Cough, and the effects of imprudent use of Mercury, no medicine has ever been discover od which has effected such cures as Carter's Spanish Mixture. 1 Throat diseases produced by salivation, Hacking Cough, Bronchial Affections. Liver Disease, i Neuralgia and Rheumatism, have all been re, lieved and cured in a wonderful manner, by the ( great purifier of the blood, Carter's Spanish Mixture. 1 The case of T. H. Rnmsey alone should satisfy ' any who doubt Call on the Agent and procuro h pampniec containing cures, which will astouud i you. See advertisement. [Feb. Beebe Hats. WE havo ju*t received tbe Intett styles of BEEBU HATS from New York. WIEIt & MILLER, fefr. 37, 1856. 4ft U By Steamer "Baldwin!" HNEfXTlRR, "AT IIOME," IS now receiving mid in Store, exprcsnty for tilt? S|nin?r Trade, otii' of 11?? lar-jest Storks lie has ever lii fori! purchased, ihuI would Kiiy to liii* old customers, and tho Adnwi family generally, that il tiny want ?t Augusta or Charleston juices, (freight 0(T.) that now in the time to exilmino l?ia whole Stock, consisting of ? 11 lids. X.o. SUGAR, ? Hlils. White Coffee SUGAR, ? " CrushM, Pow'd, ami Loaf SUGAR, 50 Sucks I'rime Kio COFFKK, '20 " Gov. Javn " 10 Pucka^es Old Mocoa " 100 Hlds. Ih-sL Northern I'laiiting Potatoes, zi?U backs SALT. ?ALSO? f?0 Hlils. S. If. SYltUP. 10 " I'riniH TUEAC'LE, 3 " \V. W. VINEGAR, 3 " Ci.K-r 2 IIInk. Machine ami Lard OIL. Fisli, Fish, Fish. No. 1 mid 2 Mackerel in Kits. ?" ' i ?"d $ Rurrels; WIiii,. K,.?|i ; Smoked, Scotch and fresh Hermit;*;' "???1 I'i^Ii ; Salmon, &C. Candles. TALLOW, adamantine. Sl'ERM, SOLAR, Sia. Soaps? Transparent, Hi own Windnor, Turpentine, ainl Washing of every variety, ?ALSO? A fine lot country cured IJAOON, VENISON, LAItl>, TALLOW, ami many other articles ill the Grocery lino too tedious to enumerate. Paints, Oils, &e. .lust received al Augusta prices, PAINTS, all colors?While, Chronic, Yellow and Black; Oil, Tui'|?!iitiiie ami Ituriiing Fluid, all of which you can have at iiiiiisiihIIv low nrieos. hv lots nf I ' * li. s. Kkiiu. Feb. 27, 1R.V,. 45 tf Independent Press copy. HENRY S. KERR. HAS also a now supply of ULACKSMITII Tools, kucIi us Mellows, Anvils, Vine*. llaiiiiiiciv. Tongs mid Scrcw Plates; and then when you have purchased above, CIIMAl' for CASH, Im will show you n lurji' lot of Swedn Iron, Kii<<li>|i do., Spartanburg do, together wiih Oust Steel, German Steel, Blister Steel ur.d Hund Saws. ?ALSO? An assorted lot of Ijock*, Wood Sorrws, \\ niliglit siii11 fast Hinges. M. S. Files, II.S. do., II. S. itasps, I'oeket Knives, Shoe Knives, <fcc. Feb. 27, lJv'iti. 45 tf t3?~ Inile|ien<leiit Press copy. Tlio Attention of Plantors and Housekeepers, TO m}- new Stock of HOLS?Urado's Patent,. Dwell'* Planters', ?tc. ?ALSO? Firo Dogs of every size and variety, ShoYol and Tongs in suit, or separately ; (ivens and Pots, large and small ; Frying Puns, Skillets, Spiders, and an extensive Stock of Wood War#, all cheaper tlian the very elienppst. < " IIKNKY S. KKRU. I Feb. 27, 1856. 45 If 1 uj iimt'jxMiuouL I'rcsg copy. Fresh Confoctioncrios. SHIRKSII UAISIXS, i and * fluxes-Candy, Strawberry, llnsplterry, l'iiie Applea, Jellies of every tnsto mi'l color, (linger I'reMrvev, mid ISr.uidy Fruits unusual, all low, and for aalo by If. S. KF.ltit. Fob. '27, 1856. 45 tf Ii"b"pen?1eiit Tress copy. " THE COLD SATURDAY" HAS passed, bul we liavc no guarantee that a co.'<l> r may not yet cm.-, and sympathizing Willi not. " ilie great nil wu-hi?l," hut unclothed, wo otler you from this date until the rosy morns of May, the great inducement of HUpplvia<r yourselves with It f'.A N IC F.TS, FI.ANNF.LS. 1CF.RSF.YH. LINSKYS, DK IJ \ INKS, SIIWVIS; OVBttCOATS. and all other tilings, Woollen or Worsted, at (.'ust for L'axft. H. If. WAIIDLAW A RON. Feb. 27, tfiSfi. 15 St Return-Day is Ovor. undersigned rrfjuest all tliose ilmt 1i?t? JL not settled up their ACCOUNTS for la*t year, and that are owiatr NOTKS r?.r *???? ! Vi lli-*, will come forward and pay up, as we want inoiM'y. . . Cotton is selling for a good Pr'cc' nn", " cuse. wikiKv millerFeb. 27, 185f,. 4.V tf "W anted " XimilCcliately. ACOOI) JOURNEYMAN HOOT MAKER. J. J. O'KEEFFE. Abbeville C. II., Fcl). 27. 45-tf Altfilltioil! Southern Rights Dragoons!! YOU are hereby summoned to appear at thin plueo, in KlUi UNIFORM, for Drill and Iiistrm tion> Saturday, JIarr/t 8th, at II o'clock, A. M. Ry Order of CAPT. SMITH. WllITK, O. S. I Abbeville O. II.. Feb. 27, 1856. 45 2t N. R. After Drill, au inspection will take I place. TIIE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, Abbeville District.? Citation. Ry WILLIAM HILL, Esq., Ordinary of Abbs* ville District. WIIEREAH, David F. Hill has applied to nic for Letters of Administration, on *" I all and singular the floods and chultrlK, right* and credits of J. Foster Hill, late of the DisI tricl aforesaid, deceased. Tlicsu are, therefore, to cito and admonish all I and singular, the kindred nnd creditors of the said deceased, to be and appear before nie, at our next Ordinary s Court of the said District, to b? holdcii at Abbeville Court House, on the tenth day of March next., to show cause, if any, why tho said administration should not ba y I granted. j I Given under my hand and seal, this 2ti\ k day of February, in the year of onr Lor<^ I one thousand eight hundred and fifty-si^, r and in the 80th year ol American Indcpou . I dence. * | WILLIAM HILL O at* r euruury Ti, 1856. 4."? 2t I $10 Reward. S STOLEN from tho subscriber, on th? night of 9 tho 4th iiiftt., u umiill, Blue Leather POCKET BOOK, continuing *oine $12 or $.15 in mon#y, ui.d two Notcs-anone for $5t)K nml some cents, inado l>y Jqmea M. White and William 11. White, payable lo me, dated 28th Jununrv. 18Kft- ilnn?? ???>*? mourns; the other Tor $17 50, mndo by A. E. Donnelly, payable to J A Stuno. dateij about 2d Deceinhcr Inst, due one tiny after datej and one other small note on myself, which I hud f paid and torn off the name. 1 will pay theabot? reicanl for the recovery of the paper*, and a*k no quettiont. All persona are here cautioned not to trade for said Notes, and the makers not to pay them cept to me. J a. S. DANNELLT, ' Goodmau's X Road*, Hariirt Co., Go., ) .. ?.? February 6, 1856. J Books and Stationery. A" NEWHJ1RRY, 8. C. THE undersigned has opened a Book Star* in Newberry, where he keepe conxtantff v on hand a fine taqriment of =;MKSwas ?rr Noyyberrv C IT i? n, ^ ^UFFIE ^ " 185f$. 40 tf V