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I . _ flB ttMM MIR TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM- "The Price of Liberty is Eternal Vigilance." PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. BY DAVIS & HOLLINGS WORTH. ABBEVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 14, 1856. VOL. XII NO. 43. rn n /rv t~. n n r\ cvi 'v? *n -? I " - 1 M II ? 15 \h\hH\ 1'A v\|PEE !l OP COL. J. F. MAKSIIALI VjU/i the Savannah Valley Railroad, deli i ercd in (he Senate, Dec. 14, 1855. \ Mr. President: With the permission tl^e Senate, I will ndd a few words to win in)' honorable friend (Mr. Buchanan) h: so well said on tlie question now under coi sideralion. Let us first consider tlic ohjei lions to the right of the people of the Sj Vannah Valley to build a railroad connectin wmi me i >uio wage uuiiroau hi yvnacrsoi uid terminating in a connection with tli Sb*th Carolina Railroad, in Augusta, Geo g'?- \ My honorable friend from St. Helen! (Mr. Johnson,) is opposed to the conncctio with tho Blue liiilgc at Anderson, hecau? it will, in a great measure, tap tlie lilu 1? ill go Railroad, and thereby carry a large portion of the ruoihice of the Tennosst valley into the State of Georgia?that th State has subjected herself to a heavy del for the purpose of forcing this Western trad - *? 53 through the State to the city of Cliarlestoi and the building of the Savannah Valle lload will turn this trade to the Stale f Georgia. In reply to my honorable 1'tietn I say he is no true friend of the liluu ltidg lload if he objects to this connection, an if lie thinks he can force trade out of di rect and cheap channels of transportatioi to more circuitous and expensive ones, h lias studied the laws of trade and of com mercc to little advantage. 1 s:,y to him ii all soberness, lliut the very motion lie ha now made to cut otV the connection of th Savannah Valley Road with the l>luo Ridg Road, will he the means of not only criji pliug, hut giving a death stab toCharlestoi ami tlie Blue Ridge Road. I wouid asl what were the objects in building the Blu Ridge Road J It was to put our Bea-por town. Charleston lliviriir tr> flirt nrmV.? - , ?v ...v> U the groat valley beyond the I>lue K'ulg Mountains than any city on the Atlantic. The State of < I corgi a lias expended he millions iu making a railroad communis tion from A n gust a to the Tennessee \ alle and from Savannah via Macon, to the san point. She has succeeded in diverting great deal of this rich trade from Charle ton to Savannah ; but the people of tl Tennessee Valley say to the people of Soiit Carolina, we want a better market than S; . vannah?we want a more direct commuii cation with Charleston, than going roun by Augusta, where we have to re-load an re-ship our produce. This can be efl'octe by cutting a railroad through the l?lu Ridge mountains in the direction of Kno> ville, Tennessee. Virginia, too, is detei mined to penetrate this rich valley of tli West by her railroads; but when we com to compare the respective distance fron Norfolk, Charleston and Savannah, we fin< that Charleston is one hundred and fourteen miles nearer than Norfolk, and cighty-oni miles nearer than Savannah to the Tonnes see \ alloy. ISow, I assert this proposition that trade will seek that market which wil aflord the cheapest ami most direct route o transportation, and will give the hijjhesl price; and in return, will sell its goods and wares the cheapest. Charleston is tins market, which the people west of the Blll< Ridge arc seeking. Well, what route is tin most direct to the liluc Ridge Road ? I Senators will examine the printed slate inents on their tallies, they will see tha Charleston is thirty miles nearer Knoxville Tennessee, by way of the South Carolins lload and Savannah Valley Road, than b} Columbia and the Greenville ?fc Colnmbi; Road; and if there is a connection mad< from Aiken to Durn's mine on the Savan nah Valley lload, the distance will bo al most direct, and forty-one miles still nearer Now, if wc can shorten the distance be tween Knoxville and Charleston by the Sa vannah Valley Road some thirty- miles ove any otJier route in the State, and some on* hundred miles shorter than any rout< through Georgia, do we not increase tin trade and transportation on the liluc Ridgi Road? "When Charleston is the natura market for th? Ti*iin/..=c?? v..n ? ? <11 icy, hiiu oil afford all tlio facilities that the western mer chants desire in the way of trade and coin merce, and they can get there by the Blu< i Jlidgo Road, seventy one miles nearer bj the Savannah Valley Uoad, or by the Green villti & Columbia Railroad, thirty-four mile! nearer than any route through Georgia, wil ^ not these merchants consult their best inter est, by going to the nearest sea-port mar ket, where they can sell their produce foi the most money, and buy the cheapest' Undoubtedly they will. Willi eucli advantages in favor of th< J)lue Ridge Road, the friends of that great enterprise inay well expect to transport the greater share of the produce of the rioli valleys of the West. Rut if we should gel the transport, one half of the product raised in the Tennessee Valley on a firsi class road through the Blue Ridge, what, 1 nek, will we do with it when it reaches Am derson Court House ? There is the route v '3; over the Greenville & Columbia Railroad _ -l!-? - ' w uiaiHiicu oi iwo nunurcU and sixty-foui miles to Charleston, and the friends of tlu Savannah Valley Road offer another shorter and Uioy propose to make it a better rout< by |t"first class road, of only two hundrec prfrl twenty-four miles?being a saving o , V distance of some forty miles. But, say mi friends of the Greenville Railroad, by build ^ ing mis rsavnnnah Valloy Koad you itij ? *bur road. In reply to their objectioi L, would say to the friends of tlio Greenv v. ?fe Columbia Railroad, that I would be last man who would raise his voice in fa of of any project that would injure that ro I have been and am still a warin friem V5 that road, and on every occasion, on t floor fltwl olcrtU'Jinvn T lxn'ft l'""" c. advocate; for I honestly believe that it 1 l4. done more good for the agricultural itil g osts of this State, than any other road, i, sa)'> tlien, that this idea of the building ie Savannah Valley Road being an injury r_ j the Greenville & Columbia Railroad, i | mere creature of the imagination, nrodiu ( j by fear ami jealousy. There is no need M ; cither to exist, for if we will take the fa as they are now presented to every pun ; who lives on or near the Greenville A* ( i luinbia Road, they will and must admit i c j contrary to he true. Let us see some c j these facts. There are eight months in I ^ ; year, from October to June, that this rc I has as much as it can do to get off the p j j ducc along the line of the road. Son y ! times cotton lias to lay by in the way s ,) ] tions from two weeks to a month befor* , ! mi. T ?i n - I j ?v . J'|'V.V?* f? ai?llf A ilM\f YVUtllU I e ! road do with the produce of the Tonnes: (j | Valley that will come by tlio blue llii! h j Road ? Our busy season is the busy seas n ; of the West; their produce would hi I precedence over all the produce along t _ ! line of the road. Instead of the cotton ! ing from two to four weeks for want ! transportation, it would lay from two four months. I care not how much y ! increase the means of transportation, t _ j people along the line of the road, for whe ;1 ' benefit the road was built, would eitl . I have to sutler, or the people west of t blue Ridge. but. the managers of the ro u = ** . ; would have too much good sensu to h t j | ? i jtiie trade of the West. They know tl ! we along the road cannot help ourselv and therefore our produce would be c-arri _ when there wsis nothing from the West, r _ n I maintain therefore tlmf ?ln? Ktiil.lim* i- . ? o y the Savannah Valley Road, will he t )c^>ne;uis of conferring an indirect bem a' upon the people all along the line of t s_ Oroenville it Columbia Road, in dividi lt; tVo transportation of the immense amou I, of produce that will come from the We ami allowing the Greenville Ilnad to a tie j to i\ie wants of its old patrons and fricin I 1 )(?.Sj\AC 2* ?*" ? ? (| WIM/Iigll IICI^IIl, It Will IWM'IVC j immense amount of this Western prodii (j for distribution at Columhia for ail sectia of the Slate. Tlie produce that will ; down tlie Savannah Valley I load will directly for Hamburg or Augusta, or u Charleston. e r.ut, Mr. President, I maintain that t r, people on the Savannah Valley have a ji 1 and equitable right to demand an amend ! charter for the building of this road for i t. gument sake. Admitting all the objectio . to be true, which I think I have shown t be without foundation. Let Senators loi ] at the following facts as they stare thorn f the face. The Legislature have, with I great spirit of liberality, encouraged t I nertnlo of ili? r"' , , b..v> t hi iuua nucnuns OI Hie ftlll I ' to build railroads, not by giving them li a eral charters, l?ut hy subscribing onc-lhi 3 of the amount of the estimated cost of t f road. The people along the line of t . Greenville ?fe Columbia Road felt the nec< t sity of railroad communication with Charl< ton. The people along the Charlotte ai x South Carolina Railroad felt the same r cessity. The people along the line of t l Spartanburg and Union Railroad felt t ? same necessity?the people along the li . of the Wilmington and Manchester R;i _ road wanted a quick transportation to t ; j same market. The people along the line . the Kings Mountain, Camden, Darlingtc . and Clieraw Railroad felt the same nee* r sit)'. Tlicy all applied to the Legislatu 3 for charters, and amended charters; ni ; not only this, hut they demanded aid fro , the State to help them to build their roji j No objection was raised to these domain | And why ? Because they demanded as ci 1 zens of this State, as tax payers, as perso . who are entitled to equal benefits of tl _ government, to the right to carry their pi 2 duce to the market where they can sell I r the highest price, and buy the chcape . And not only this, they want to have 5 choice of markets. ]f the nearest marl; I will not pay thein a fair price, they clai . the privilege of going to the next. T Slate not only granted the privilege, I r said we will help you to build your railrot I Then in the name of those people I repr sent on the Savannah Valley, and in t > name ot nil me valley above liull sluice, I say are we not entitled to the snmo privi ? ges and benefits that you extend to the jk , pie of other sections of the State? A t we not tax-payers, and citizens of tl , State? Ilave we ever refused to contribu I our share in men and money, when calli [ for, either by the State or the General Go . ernment ? If then you admit that we n j citizens of the Stnte and are entitled t these privileges and benefits, why the o i- ii>r.tion to this nriviler/o we ask of tlm ? ialature? We do not come here asking L f State to aid in building our road, as she h i dono to all the other roads, but we simp I ask for the privilege of building, with o f own money, a railroad to that market tli j suits us best. Wc ask that the State w - not attempt by unwise legislation to trai ure niel our trade, and try to direct it from its fr i, I natural channel. All wo ask >s the privi a ille lego to carry our produce where wo believe t\ the we can sell it for the most, and buy the o vor cheapest. Free trade was the motto of our S ad. revolutionary ancestors. Free trade and ai I of sailors' right was the cause of the war of di .his 1812, and free trade was tho motto of our tc irm State in her struggle against tho General tl lias Government in 1832, and freo trade is the Lor- motto of the people of the Savannah Val- P1 T I ? VT .. i icy. " i\ot that we lovo our State less, ? the but we love interest more." In loving our tl to interest we proinoto the prosperity of oui fr s a State. w -C<1 But, says the opposition, by this Road ^ you divert trade out of our State into Geor<:,s gia. This assertion I deny flatly, and T tfl ion think I can show to any unprejudiced mind rc -y?" that we gain for the Stale treble what she 'he will lose, and we effect for the South Car- ':l olina Railroad what neither money nor in- 10 ^lu fluence could accomplish, to wit: aconnec- iU ,:u' lion between the South Carolina Railroad ro" and Georgia Road by a common track and l,?* dopot. Let us see what the amended char- 10 ,:i" tor says: "This act shall be of 110 eft'ect, : until a direct conimunicHtion by steam or ai l''e other locomotive power and a common see track and depot between the Georgia Rail- P( 'oe road and South Carolina Railroad be estab- rt' 011 lished or soon red.'' Can we have anything sa ive plainer than this! We have to secure to n' 'l0 the South Carolina Railroad a connection eil by steam with tbe Georgia Railroad, or our w amended charter falls to the ground. If wo can secure this connection, it will be 'H more tbftll mnnnv nr iiiflnnii/>n ',e fore. The people of Augusta have been )se jealous of the rival interest of Charleston, (l' Tl ,cr and have always refused a connection.? "e The South Carolina Railroad has paid in ;u' $100,000 to the city of Augusta for the ?se privilege of crossing the River and making ,at a depot on the banks of the River. But **" 1 \r es* by our amended charter we secure that ut' which men and money can never accom- m plish. If we can do ibis by carrying the Savannah Valley Road through Augusta, '1C we ought to deserve the thanks of the peo- 1,1 j pie of this State ami particularly that of lie I pi i ? _?.?_? ? "f wmu ivsii'ii, ami cue rvuun Carolina Kail"S mail. Ihil this connection is not all the ad- K 1,11 vantages xve gain. Tlio city of Charleston lo st> will l>e put on an equal fooling with the city of Savannah, in com poling for the '(:1 Is. Western trade over the Georgia Ra.lroails. ^ an There will he no breakage of hulk at AulCft irusla, and when there is a "Treat want of ol IT ns frfcigl,t cars, the South Carolina Road can 11 g? despatch any quantity to Chattanooga and ac g? bring the produce to Charleston. Charles- cn to ton need not have any fears about competition with Savannah or any other sea-port lie town South of the Chesapeak. From her sl! ist natural position, she is obliged to be the co ed sea-port town on the Atlantic for this Wesu tern trade. Nature lists given her that po- nt ns silion, and with the advantage?, that will t'1 to be conferred on her through the Savannah ok j Valley Road an?l other railroads that are ^' in i now extending through the mountains, she a need fear no rivals. But instead of diver- co he ting trade from this Stat?) inlo Georgia, the ^ ite contrary can he shown to be true. If Au- Pr h- gusta should in the first instance receive the ba rd produce of the Savannah Valley, it will fl- th he nally find its way to Charleston, and her '1" he receiving it is nothing more than what she ou >8- has been doing for the hist fifty years.? nc ss- Therefore, on that score, there can be no w: id objections. But I maintain that our road IB- will tlivcrt llin (pniln ^ - . - ?...uw AIVI11 LUC AUII11U3SCC 1,1 lie i Valley that is now going over the Central w' ho Road to Savannah, to the Charleston mar- 1?} no ket, and for this obvious reason, that by the th il- blue Ridge and Savannah Valley Roads pr lie they can reach the Atlantic one hundred wi of miles nearer, than by going over the Cen- th in, tral Road to Savannah, or some sixty miles ro a- nearer than by going by way of Augusta ; th re and to confirm what I have said that we tr? nd will gain trade instead of loosing it, I will lir mi mention a few facts. Within the hist id. month thirty-three thousand brtlea of cotton th Js. came down the Georgia Road to Augusta; a" ti- out of that number twenty-three thousand 1*' ns wenl to Charleston. That there was ship- th us ped last year down the Georgia Road one A o- hundred and fifty thousand bales to Angus- c? or ta, and one hundred and ten thousand went to st. to Charleston. These are facts that can be v" i a relied on, and what then becomes of this pi* ;et jealousy, and diend of Georgia ? It is a ro; !in shadow without foundation. ar he From the peculiar position of our State, th >ut boing surrounded on the North, West and id. South, by State, that are anxious to gain ho e- this great trade of the West, we must and to lie ought to extend to our sister States that St , I good comity which wo expect to receive mi le- from them. If we expect to get this trade to to* from the great West, we must necessarily W re bring it through.other States which are as bu be anxious to secure this trade as we are. If 0f its we expect for them to be liberal to us, we ofl ed mast reciprocate that liberality. And, Mr. thi iv- President, by the running of the Savannah by re Valley I toad across the Savannah river at fei to or near Bull Sluice, and making these thi b- grand connections in the city of Augusta, tio g- contemplated by tins amended charter, we toi be not only show to the people of Augusta, Qu as but to the people of the State of Georgia, n0 >ly that we are willing to bury all animosity ur upon die question of our boundary difficul* pa at ties. That vpe are willing to advocate the de ill freest vent for trade, and are willing to rai n- reciprocate those privileges which arq due I bo om one State to another. These tlispu lid jealousies between tho people of t vo States, and the States themselv light and must terminate. Georgia n outh Carolina are one people in religi nd patriotism ! We have one conim ustiny! Our fate is inseparably link >gether, and why then, in tho namo iat good feeling which ought to exist 1 veen sister States, do we keep up th< fitty jealousies ? Rather let us bo mn nnimous to our sisters. Let us show le people of Georgia we aro advocates I eo trade and are in favor of that comi liicli ought to exist between sister Stat y giving this connection with the I>1 idge road in Augusta, we prevent t ipping of tlint road l>y the building of >ad from Athens to Clayton. There is II now pending before the Georgia leg lure, to incorporate a road from Atlie i Clayton ; but I am assured from liij uhority. that if we give this connect! ; Augusta, the people of Georgia will itisfied, and the project of tapping t iad at Clayton will fall to the ground. The last objection, Mr. President, to t nended charter comes from the people amburg. I admit that the voice of t jople of Hamburg should bo beard ai spected on this floor, and permit me V, sir, that the people of that town ha > better friend nowhere than myself. A irliest trading associations are connect ith them, and I take pleasure in sayii at I believe that Hamburg is one of t :st cotton and grocery markets in t mthcrn Slates. It has been the mail r ?1.o -f i/ ? .1 1 v..v- |<vuiiiu ui iiiv uisirici lur llie 15 tarter of a century, until here recently.lie building of this road will in a grt ensure restore much of that lost tra >m this District. Hamburg is entitl great credit for starting the road, ai am the organization of the Savann alley Railroad t inpanv down to t oeting at Dorit's, I liavo been anxious I e road to have been built from that tow le people of my District in all the railro eetings have been the friends of Ilai irg. We rejected the first propositio Augusta, when she wanted to become Dckliolder, because Hamburg was oppos it. Hamburg said she would rai !00,000 herself for the road, rather th L Augusta come in. We believed ainburg, and have clung to her until \ unit wu were puuing in imminent pe ir own interests. This matter of leavii amburg has been considered time ai ;ain. We have held convention aft nvention to devise ways and means lild the road from Hamburg. In i eso meetings Hamburg has been t! irting point for the road; but we nev uld get her to redeem her word about tl il she was to give. Her subscripts iver exceeded $80,000 ; but she wanti e people of E>lgefield, Abbeville and A rson, along the valley to build the ron icy subscribed their thousands and te thousands ; but with all their ze.d tin uld not raise a sufficient amount to car p rnml tn IFamlmff* TIia *1.. " ' " "'"61 ?"V? "JIIWUUII kill esented itself to the people who had er irked in this enterprise: shall we aband< e road or seek material aid from oth inrters than Hamburg ? The fact stan ir people in the face, that Hamburg eou >t or would not do anything more. Wh is to be done ? Augusta, whose propo: ins had been rejected time after tinr ado to the company certain propositior iiieli if acceded to on the part of tl ;islature, will be the means of buildii e road to Anderson Court House. The opositions, I am informed, are that she lling to subscribe to the capital stock e company $500,000, and grade tl ad to Hull Sluice; and in addition is, to secure a connection by coininc ick ana <icpoi oeiween me south Uiir >a and Georgia Railroads. All Angus ks in return for these privileges, is th ia legislature so amend our charter as low the company to cross the river jll Sluice and make the connection wi e South Carolina Railroad in Augnsta.Iarge majority of the stockholders nvention at Anderson, have determim accept the proposals of Augusta, pr Jed this legislature is willing for the pe a of the Savannah valley to carry th< ad to Augusta. For this privilege i b willing to relinquish the State aid ai - IT I I e xiuiiiuurg ouimcnpuun* Hie question tlien presents itself to tl norahle body: are you willing to gra the people of other sections of tli nte facilities for getting their produce uket, and deny this right and privilej the people of the Savannah valley ?e claim to be a part of South Carolinf it from our isolated position on the valh the Savannah river, we have been c : from all connections with the railroa< ?* L... :?-1 I?-I* I. u>io ucsu vumimou ?|IU UUIIl in pit the State. We have rich landr at tile fields, and wliat is wanting to devel< air true worth is a railroad communic n. Tliis communication with Charle 3 via Augusta, will enehance the value r lands three times the amount they a w commanding. The people of tb jtion of the State do not oome, like tl ople in oUier sections of the State, at mapd a charter and money to bqild ilroad; all they ask ia for the privilege iilding their road to that market whe tes they can get assistance in building that road. Iio They do not ask for inonoy to build their A co es, road, but they say to you, they are willing crat vo nd to risk their own money in the enterprise, statcmc on and want to build their road to that market " on that suits them the best. You have built ed roads to suit tho people of other sections ; nierly ? of all we want is the samo privilege ; but we pentcd jo- do not ask your aid. I feel sure that this fabulou >se Senate will not reject so reasonable a re- am' 'Ia| ig- quest, and that request, too, coming from Mr. All to o much intelligence, wealth and energy, with wl for I leave it to the Senate to decide upon the years, ] ity fate of this enterprise, and upon the futuro what 11 es. destiny of the people of thirSavannnh Val- that he ue ley. Shall they improve and flourish by a David, he railroad or not? ful chil a years, a a Mortality of the United Slates.?Ac- By his |3_ coming to the census or 1850 the number few yea ,I)S of dentlis in the United States from June sire to i ,rj, 1st, 1849, to June 1st, 1850 was 323,023^ by liis u)) of whom 2G4.G01 were whites. The total took a be population at that time being 23,191,870, him, an jie this is about one and four tenths per cent, that his ?the lowest mortality perhaps that has goods : },e ever been recorded in any civilized coun- friends cj' try. The tables show that the United and cm l,c States is nearly twice as healthy a country to his 1 |)(j as England, France or Prussia, and more short ti to than twice as healthy as Austria and Rus- wished ve sia. Of the deaths for the period above have ih mentioned, nearly one half occurred frotn remainc _ l cholp.m mill v:irloim pmil'iifiniw ?lwn-icoo uil a* m.mvu'w. ,v" Vl t|(r Tlic number of cholera victims was 31,- youth ; |lc 500; of yellow fever VBo. Of diseases ing, wh jie not contagious the most fatal class was David -et those of the respiratory organs, to which health ; cause seventeen per cent, of the total At the deaths was due?consumption and pneu- acre a tnonia being the most fatal varieties.? cvincinj ,]t. Nearly eight per cent., of whom one half have in 0,j were children, were from diseases of the breusl \ nj brain. Five per cent, of the deaths were and lie nl, caused by dropsy, any 9,027 by old age. powerlY jlc Ten per cent, of the deaths were of foreign lie fro<] -or birth, and five percent, of these were Irish, crs, suf rn> There was a vast disproportion between lently ii iUj the deaths from old age in the city and feel in in_ country, the former being hardly one fourth our bolus of the latter.?Boston Post, the Ind , a in the I All sorts of Minds.?There is a strong penetra disposition in men of opposite minds to interesti ISC .1^..:^ ? i. -.i? * uwjinu ciiuii uuicr. ^v grave man cannot was otic . conceive what is the use of wit in society; ever liv ye a Person w'ho takes a strong common sense very nu rjl view of the subject is for pushing out by age. / the head and shoulders an ingenious theor- died, nc ist, who catclics at the slightest and fain- were ni. test analogies, and nnolhor mnn wlm or ?; / ' ? . scents the ridiculous from afar, will hold Jiule no commerce with him who feels exquis- Govern I itelj' the fine feellings of the heart, and is dent sh< cr alive to nothing else; whereas talent is director lic talent, and mind is mind, in all its branches 2 as jurJ' jn ^ g,ves onc it3 best flavors, ous lra' ,)(j common tenso leads to immediate action, bred si n_ and gives society its motion; large and perqiiisi j comprehensive views cause its annual rota- ?f a Pr' ns tion, ridicule chastises fully all imprudence, selves. and keeps men in their proper sphere ; The sublletly seizes hold of the fine threads of and h; truth ; analogy darts away in the most road. sublime discoveries ; feeling paints all the The exquisite passions of man's soul, and re- an^ tlic wards him by a thousand inward visita- ses? w^' ^ tions, for the sorrow that come from with- of U out. God made it all ! It is nil good !? No t' We must despise no sort of talent, they should sj all have their seperate duties and usses?all be mat the happiness of man for their objects ; they tho rigli )s' all improve, exalt and galdden life.?Syd- The ncy Smith. possible licipatii: 1S The Early Life of Bishop liascom.? (j,0 bia so The following account of the trials of lias- p,;Z03 , ,8 com, the celebrated preacher, illustrates to crus] what the home missionary had to undergo Nation ',e some forty years ago: In the western part i,0Jy, of Virginia was situated a log cabin, the ,n chinks of which were daubed and filled with &37~ ?" yellow mud?it had, perhaps, half of a sec- two ond story, where you could study astron- l'10 ^en n* omy without leaving bed, and adopt the 6ot fcl *? hydropathic without the aid of any doctor 'mve 801 nt ?the kitchen serves as a breakfast and di- " ^ ning, a dressing and preaehing room. A Panion* number of hens, with their chickcns, are ta- " 'n ken in for safe keeping. Amid the bark- raornmf 3(1 ing of dogs, and the noise of children, the on O- 1 1- - -1 1- - - * * - .... pifttunur iihu 10 suiuy, and, alter midnight, Obeyi when nil had retired to rest, stretched on gcj, his stomach before the embers of tho fire, jjeman *? which served for his midnight oil, he not on ^ only acquired a sufficient knowledge to for j,jm. prosecute his calling, but became master of jor(jnn?? lis several langunges. lie preached in one BUrp nt year four hundred timea, travelled five thou- struck; i lis sand miles, and at the end of that time his ^rftVe|" to salary amounted to twelve dollars and ten je cents! That man was Henry Bascom, who EC?" ' ? was since raised to the Methodist Episco- " i; paey. in which position he was an nmo. if thev sy ment to tbe Church. inclined ut be got a 3s Alexander Hamilton was only twen- taken it rt ty years of age when he was appointed 88 mo8t id Lieutenant Colonel in the army of the rev>p olution, and Aid-de-camp to Washington. ^ a- At twenty-five, lie was *> member of the a^' ( a- Continental. Congress; at thirty, he was '0Ter> of one of the ablest members of the Conven- ^ou re tion tliat framed tbe Constitution of the ^et W?,A lis United States; at thirty-two, he was 8ecie retary of the Treasury, and organized that Jcy < td branoh of the Government upon so com- one P e* a pleU and comprehensive a plan, that no ?Paf< of great change or improvement baa since lady, "1 re been made opon it. ...,.. little Chi * A Remarkable Man. rrespondent of the Louisville I)em<t- _ uches for tho truth of the following int: ving during tho Inst ten years heard Wi .ory of Mr. David Wilson (who for- ;n csidcd at Carrollton. Kentucky,) re- |? frequently, and which seemed to nic in; s, or which taxed my credulity much, <r,ppening a few days ago to meet with ! Sl, ixander Wilson, of North Madison, j 10m I've been acquainted for several a , [ spoke of his father, and he said rrt. liad heard was correct, lie told mc ' no (Alexander) was tho 4Dth child of ' and David was the father of 47 law- l,c Jren. He lived to the age of 107 |y nil i.;? ? - MIIU .nv: nivvs. all first wife lie had 18 children. A ti(] rs before lie died, he expressed a de- s|, remove to Indiana, but was opposed ;l , fillh and last wife. lie, however, p0 trip to find a new location to suit d when he returned homo he found ?rr i wife had packed up some of the j <rr and chattels and returned to her ],0 in Kentucky. lie went after her J cx leavored to persuade her to return Ju louse, but she would not go. In a i SII me, however, she relented, and then j wj to return to his house; but he would j t]l( ?lhin<r to do with her?mvl so ilw.w I . ? J ! IL-l id separated till his death. Very ! (],, Iiis children died in their infancy or I ij, and there are now 35 of them liv- 1 <rr i I o are all men and women full grown. | ,|c Wilson was a man of pure good w; mid robust physical constitution.? vv| age of 105 years, he could mow an j?, day for a week at a time, without l0, 5 much fatigue. lie appeared to ?lj| ot a rib. The whole region of his i|? vas shielded by a plate of^olid bone, H . could receive the most severe and or il blows upon it without being hurt. Uently, for the gratification of oth- ? | lered them to strike him most vio- |l(1 ti the breast, without being made to C01 the least uncomfortable. During dor wars, lie was taken prisoner l?v inns, and they attempted to stab liim w ] jrcast, bnt funnel the solid bone im- C0I ble. llis minute history wonM be tjl( ing, if collected and published, lie s of the most remarkable men that (ut L'd in America. Ilis progeny was j morons, and he attained a green old jit the age of 107 years, when he j >ne of his faculties of mind or body t|l( utcrially impaired." ^ s and Jirr/tilu lions which should (0 Railroad Comjxtnies?Tho prcsi l'" ould be a coroncr, and the board of lo<; s of sufficient mental calibre to act ^r~ men. The conductors on tho vari- 111 11s should be by profession thorough- u ' irgeons; tlius to the pleasures of tes ami salary, they couhl aihl those l'" sfiiable practice, created hy them- to' no brakemen should he undertakers, ive shops at each depot on tlie fee engineer must he a grave-digger, slc > stokers able to officiate as witnes> can swear the whole company out *'' arts of accidents. wo time-jiieces used by the company w*' agree. Nor should the company ,a' le responsible for anything except 11P it of way. ^ ... .... In passengers snouiu pay tue lngnest " amount lor the privilege of parig in this locomotive lottery scheme, tx< nks being labelled death, and the m' anging from dislocated ankles up cx' jed ribs, cracked heads, and a mu- st"' and manglement of the entire *...*? <-'<>1 The Lynn News tells a good sloiy via boys, one of whom was boasting of uiii lilies of his father's house. 44 It's oil ipola," said he, "and it's going to dm inething else." act lat is it?" asked his interested com- the res y, I heard father tell mother this ,nH f, that it's going to have n mortgage ^ 8( mo ^ ? tlio Ing Orders.?At a New York Sun- m ool the other day, a reverend gen- ted after exhorting and advising the foo cp, requested them to sincr Jordan to'' ?expecting, of course, to hear " On \ stormy banks I stand," when to pju rise, the scholars, with one accord, f0o up, "Jordan am a bard road to j In ^ ^ ntrt !t When I goes shoppin," said an ohl a si I alters asks for what I wants, and ,nH have it, and Si's suitable, and I feel to by it, and it's cheap, and can't 8Uj, t any place for less, I almost allers 1 without chappenTng about it all day ?mi people does." car rtlly Riddle.-*-" I will consent to lesire," said a young female to her '?] on condition that you give me whiit. fu|) e not, and what you never can Iihvo, ami t yon can give me." What did she 06,1 furl A husband. j You have stolen my son!, divine fi^e churned Mr. Sickly to his ^dored. ^ro Jon tee, nay dear sir" responded the wej [ am not ia the habit of picking up rioi ngs* iocl a 8 B tl B ? Shelter Your Stock. Notwithstanding much that has heen iltcn during a few years past especially the agricultural journals, on the truo iiieip'es of Winter protection and fecd'f of domestic animals, there is still a eat amount uf costly ignorance on tliis t'joet. Last winter we chanced upon the farm of man who possescd a fair share of intellince upon general matters, and wo were t a little surprised to find him still clingthe old opinion, that his stock wintered tier when exposed to cold, than if warmhoused. lie kept 110 account of the louiit of food consumed, hut his oliservan had taught him?and truly that his ecp, lor instance, consumed more food in old winter ihan in one of moderate teinralure; and ho reasoned that if lliey ato jie il indicated better lieallh, and a faster owtli of flesh and wool, and of course, a eater j?r?.lit- Following out this opinion, kept a flot k of sheep in an open field, posed t? bleak winds and pciting storms. this field he had placed a number of tall slacks of hay, to one after another of licit th<iy had free access, and upon which i'v made rapid inroads. Their only shel was all'onled by the leeward side of use hay slacks, and by the stone walls :tt surrounded the field, together with a ove upon the northern side that surroun?d the field, that served to break oft' the nd from that direction, but from entering licit they were prevented by the intervenl fence. lie was 'piite sure they ate bet when thus exposed than if housed or owed a warm Shelter around and under u barn. 11 is other stock were treated in -imilar manner. Instead of warm sheds stables they fed ami slept in a cold open ...I ir.. i :? .1 . * - .v.. o.ii.i it iiiciu in uctter leart," anil gave tlicrn a sharper nplitc?as to tlic latter, lie was doubtless rrect. But lie, like thousands of others, had iwu his conclusions from a false theory ii -li :i few careful experiments would have hoc ted. ho should have considered that i profitableness of keeping animals deads not upon ^tlie absolute amount of >d they consume, but upon the greater or s product of ilesh, wool, &c., obtained in a given amount of nutriment. Had weighed his animals in the fail, divided ?m, keeping one part in close, warm sils or stalls, and the other part in tho kler situation, he would have found that 1 protected animals, wliile consuming lessul, gained more in weight tlian the othi, and in May or June would liavc been superior health and heart. In the case erred to, it was found necesary to give i sheep a dose of tar, by applying it on iir nuses in the spring, to operate as.ii lie and to counteract the " running at the so," produced by colds, which sheepitch" as well as men. There is ft principle or two invc.ved in ding and nutrition, which, if v.ell under>od by all who have the care of animals, mill render their labor doubly profitablee food consumed by animals serves a uble or treble purpose. It supplies the stc of the system produced by the natuiwcar of the various organs, and keips respiration and the resulting heat.? hat is left after those ends are served, goes increase tlie llesh or weight. 'i'lie wr<ir depends upon the amount 06 irciso taken; hence tlic more quiet'ani1" lis are kept after allowing just enough rcise to preserve the organs in a healthy te, the less will he the nmouut of food, juirecl to supply the waste. The heat of tlie botly results from the' isumption of carbonaceous food, espelly the oily and starchy portions. Tho ion of the carbon in a tallow candle or lamp with the surrounding air, proving the licat and the flame, has an excounterparl in the lungs and blood o?" Ofiimnl -* * ...... nutio mu mr drawn 111 atpiration unites with the oily or fatly tter in the blood, and gives heat to the. tern. Jn n warm day not much heat is r?~ ved from the surface of the l-ody, nnd? animal brenthes les? rapidly nnd fully,. 1 less fat is consumed to supply the washent. If the same amount of oily d is consumed nnd digested as on ? J day, there will he a larger surplus tostored away as fat. As a matter of" irse, the colder the weather the less surs fat, or profit, will be obtained from the' d. \nother point usually overlooked is this t the coarser substance?such as hay andi iw?consumed bv nnimnla Km* -J ?1 """ mall proportion of oily or carbonaneorw Iter v anil, to gel at thin, it is necessary digest a prodigious quantity of foodis overtaxes the digestive organs, and rets in more or less debility. We have here an explanation why ? filler quantity of meal, which supplies and starch, (both of which are rich in bon, the chief heat-producing Telement.V i keep an animal in so uintU belter lib; riie prffrtylos aboTe indicated, which ar? y established by botb scientific theory^ I oft-repeated experiment, lend to th? Lain conclusion that, for all kind* of an* ?h?, whether kept as stock, or for - fatten* , it is moat profitable ia furnish warm Iter. We repeat: a flock of sheep, Of ? ve of cattle^ will, wlthowt doubt, eat, ch less food; and gain mtrch more ii* glit, if k^pt nearly M ??mm*r-fceat*l fcr 5 # ?rio?fW*bap ff left ?***?&&#* emevfcwftUter/* <?>., . ^ Wr'*><