The Abbeville banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1847-1869, January 24, 1856, Image 1
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The Fate of Sir John Franklin. ! 1
The St. Paul (Minnesota) Pioneer ami ; '
Democrat of December 12, has tlie follow- J '
ing highly interesting narrative of further j '
discoveries regarding the fate of Sir John ! '
??,i . i
Wc enjoyed the pleasure yesterday, the i 1
11th inst., of a lengthened conversation it
with James Green Stewart, a Chief Trader j
of the II thlson's Bay Company, ami learned j I
ome interesting factsconcerning an explora- s
lion of the Arctic region, lately inade by a I \
party under the joint command of himself I
and Mr James Anderson, another employee J
of that company. ^
On ihe return of I)r. Ilea, the celebrated t
overland explorer of the Arctic region, in t
the summer of 18"?4, bringing with him <
the report that the Esquimaux of the extreme
northern latitude had in their posses- I
sion relic* of the Franklin expedition, the 1
British government determined to make T
one further effort to penetrate the mystery 1
which has so long enveloped the fate of 1
that expedition, and which had been par- '
tially solved hy the information thus gained (
by Dr. IUn. *
In futtheranco of this desire of the Brit- 1
ioli government to follow up the clue thus '
unexpectedly obtained by the adventurous f
oxplorer?to rescue if possible the survivors
of any of the party of whites who were re- '
poried by the Esquimaux to havo been 1
seen near the outlet of Back's river, in lati- 1
1 tude about G8 degrees north, or at least to ?
procure any records they might have de- 1
posited, the Hudson's Bay Company was !
directed to fit out a company of tried '
men, accustomed to the hnrdshisp of a (
polar life, to explore the region indicated {
k- rv_ n 1
uy ur. jwj?. 1
Acting under this command of the home '
government, the Governor of the Hudson's '
Day Company, on the 18ih day of Novem- '
ber, 1854, issued instructions to Messrs. '
Stewart and Anderson to man and equip ft 1
j>arty for the purpose stated. Mr. Stewart, 1
with h party of fourteen men, therefore, '
started from his post, the Carlton House,
in 54 degrees north latitude, on the 7th
day of February, 1855. nnd proceeded to
Fort Chipewvan, at the head of Lake Alha- 1
basca, in latitude 58 degrees north at which
point they arrived on the 5th day of '
March.
It had been determined to make the trip
to the Arctic sea by water, so far as was
practicable, and the party therefore remained
at this post until the 26lh May, busily
engaged in constructing the boats and making
other preparations for their dreary journey.
At that date the party left Fort
Oiiipewyan, and journeyed by canoe on
the Peace river, which connects Lake Athabasca
with Slave Lake, some three hundred
and fifty miles in a northwesterly direction,
A*ll. - - - -
wn, on me 3Utl? of May, tliey arrived At
Fort Resolution, which is situated on an
island in Slave Lake, about latitude CI degrees
north.
t At Fort Resolution the party was joined
by Mr. Anderson, who, with Mr. Stewart,
bad been appointed to the command of the
expedition. Ilure another delay was made,
for tbe purpose of re-organization and making
tbe last preparations before attempting
to penetrate the interminable frozen Nnrib. I
These arrangements completed, the party
started out on the 22d day of June for the
head of Great Fish river, or, an it is known
on the map, Back rivci, in latitude about
sixty-four degrees north. Thence Ihey followed
the course of the -stream to the
Arctic ocean. Mr. Stewart represents the
navigation of this river as exceedingly daqKz^irw#
I? - a- ?
wn*^ vuiinutivi uy v*cr uuti liuu*
dred difficult rapids. Over all the?e, however,
with nothing more substantial than
birch-bark canoes, they passed in safety,
and arrived at iu mouth on the 30ih of
Juljr#
Hera they met with Esquimaux, who
corroborated the reports of Dr. R?e, and
directed them to Montreal Island, a short
" (Jj^tun^e froip the mouth of Back liver, as
the spot where, according to their instructions,
they wero to commence minute ex- "
ploriitioo. From this time until the 9th y?u
August the party were industriously en- 8UPr
gaged in searches on the Island and on ^
the main land, between 07 degrees and G9 l'ie 1
degrees north latitude. ** We cannot recapitulate
the perils escaped, and privations se'^
endured, by the brave band while seeking a 6r'
to find traces of their countrymen who had wort
llnl.;c!,?,i ,i i_._ i nurc
I'viioiivii UII Hjvnu uwuiiiiu Miurt'8, 1
Three times they providentially escaped ^'u^*
being " nipped," as Mr. Stewart expressed l''u'
it, or crushed between moving mountains ^
of ice. At last, on Montreal Islands, where as|e<
their explorations commenced, tlioy found cem
snow shoes known to be of English make, excr.
with the name of Dr. Stanley, wlio was ^can
Llio Surgeon of Sir Solin Franklin's ship,
the Erebus, cut in them by a knife. After- j'l"a
wards they found 011 the same island a Just
boat belonging to the Franklin expedition, ^?01
with the name " Terror" still distinctly visi- at ^
ble. A piece of this boat containing this ' *
name was brought along with him by Mr. l>a'e
Stewart. we
Amonir the Esauimaux were found irnn trou'
kettles, corresponding in shape and size uo '
with those furnished the Franklin expedi- )our
Lion, and bearing the mark of the British ^e,,n
jjovernment. Other at tides, known to
have belonged to tlie expedition, were ob- I),Jor
lained from the Esquimaux, and brought '
i?y the party for deposit with the British SO S"
government. No bodies, however, were '
found, or traces of any. The report of the ?0o(^
Esquimaux was, that one man died on to''^
Montreal Island, and that the balance of ^or a
he party wandered on the beach of the S'11'1
naiii lan<l opposite, until, worn out by fa- ^erc'
igue at)d starvation, they, one by one, laid . '
heinselves down and died too.
The Esquimaux reported further that
Indians far to the north of them, who had
ieen the ships of Franklin's party, had u j,
visited them, slated that they had both ^
?een crushed between the icebergs. Mr.
Stewart took especial pains to ascertain j *
vhcther the party had comc to their death . a ?
>y fair means or foul. To every inquiry ||IS ^
lie Esquimaux protested that they had died M
)f starvation. hard
Gathering togelher the relies found, the
larty set out on tlieir return on the 9th I1,n?
lay of August last. The return route did ,n?^
lot vary materially from that taken on ^ ^
heir way north. Mr. Stewart has occupied ^'
he whole time since iu reaching our city? I
laving come by the way of llielted river ^ ^
:ountry, and having heen absent in all
ibout ten months. II? left St. Paul's yes- j" ^ C
erday en route to the Hudson's Bay head- ^
juarters at Lachine, Canada, to submit an
iccount of his adventure. ?
And so, at last, the mystery is solved.? C'"'j
[{rave Sir John, whose fate has awakened ^ ^
lie sympathizing curiosity of the civilized
ivoild, it is now known, " sleeps his last
neve
Jeep" by the shores of the frozen seas ^
hrough whose iey islands he had vainly ^
sought to pass. Four winters back, as the
Esquimaux said, the noble party, after es- 1 ^
. aping from the ships which could no Ion- j.
er float on tliose dangerous seas, found ,
release froin suffering in death. Died man- '
pully, too, as they had lived; bravely, like
:rue Englishmen; this much we may be- ^
ieve for consolation, that they met their ' M
rate as became spirits adventurous and not>le.
No traces wero found by the Esqui- ,
maux to indicate that, even in their last ex- ^
ireniitv, they had forgotten their manhood, j
and preyed on one another. (
4*
Interpretation of Dreams.?There is a
new guide to the interpretation of dreams. lr^ 4
An English paper thus puts it: "To dream eve^
of a millstone round your neck, is a sign of su'1'
what you may expect if you get an extrav- an?'
agant wife. To see apples in a dream, be- anc*
- - - Irnm
tokens a wedding, because where you find
apples, you may reasonably expect to find ^rea
pears. To dream lliat you are lame, is a
token that you will get into a hobble.? ^'00
it
When a young lady dreams of a coffin, it
betokens that she should instantly discontinue
lacing her stays tightly, and always <^n
go warmly and thickly shod in wet weather.
If you dream of a clock, it is a token that ^
you will gain credit?that is, tick. To 8',0lJ
dream of fire, iB a sign that if you are wise ^ar<
you will see that the lights in your house ^
are out before you go to bed. To dre?m **
lint cniir ft nan in rorl af. llm fir? ta nn intS_ ^ich
rnation that you had bettor leave off brandy- ?r?
and-water. To dieam of walking barefooted,
denotes a journey that you will make Cr~
bootless." ""J
Oh !
Women are always ingenious. Give If
tliena. the will and the opportunity to de- wou
ceive, and they will not only do it exten- ban<
sively, but give an excuse for it that admits heat
of no refutation. A collector -for aplank cdn<
road in Indiana lately found out this fact, "
when he demanded 6f a couple of young ' ,
ladies, who were driving by, his regular *WIU|
toll. r-' awa,
" IIow much is it ?" asked they. c^0f
u For a man and horse, fifty cents," he
replied, nev<
u Well, then, get out of the way, for we ^
are girls and a mare! Get up, Jenny P
gree
' jtarThe ? Down East Debating Society" has
having dismissed the question, "Where does of fc
fire go to when it goes out ?" have got a BP'e
new and more exciting one up: " When a Thei
house is on fire, does it bum -up or burn ho*M
down P cbi!<
The New Carpet.
I can hardly spare it, Jeannette; luit as
have bo net your heart upon it, why I
ose I must."
lie young wife looked with rapture upon
ten shining gold pieces.
One hundred dollars," said she to her"
how rich it makes me feel. It seems
eat deal to pay for a carpet, but 'gold is
h gold' the old saying is, and one good
liase is worth a dozen poor ones. I'll
one of the very finest and most beauBrussels."
fternoon camc; the rosy babe was laid
p in his cradle, and the little maid re?d
a score of charges to linger by its side
y moment till the darling woke up.?
nette, ilushed with eager anticipation,
i;d her nrettit?sL ?ml tlirmvinrr lw>r
I ' ..V.
over her handsome shoulders, she was
hurrying away when a loud ring at the
, brought out a very pettish "oh dear!"
ic unexpected intrusion.
3h, Jeannette?dear Jeannette!" and a
young creature sat panting on the sofa,
are in such a trouble?such a dreadful
jlc ! Can you help us? Do you think
[ ould borrow a hundred dollars from
husband ? Couldn't you get it for us,
uette? You know you said I might,
ys rely upon you when trial caine, and
Cliarles expects every moment to have
illle stock of goods attached, and he is
jkly !"
I)er?r, dear!" said Jennnctte, her great,
Iieart suddenly contracting. "Edward
me only this morning not to ask him
ny money for three months," and she
ered her purse up tightly in her handliief;
" I'm sure if ? I? only ? could
;e you, I would ; but I expect Edward
ally pushed. You know he has just
nenced business. Can't you get it
here ? Have you tried ?"
'es,'* answered her friend, despondingly,
2 tried everywhere. People know that
les is sick, and cannot repay immediOli
! it seems io me some creditors
such stony hearts! Mr. J knows
our circumstances, yet he insists upon
money. Oh ! it is so hard! it is so
J"
er pitiful voice and the big tears runlike
rain down lier palid checks, at
. unnerved Jean net te's selfishness.
it that carpet?that beautiful carpet she
promised herself so long, and so often
disappointed of its possession, that *he
1 not give it up. She knew her bus's
heart, and that he would urge her to
leniul?no, she would not see him?if
lid, it was all over with the carpet.
Veil," said her poor friend, in a desponvoicc,
rising to go, " I'm sorry you
, help me ; I know you would if you
.1, and it is something to know that?
I go back with a heavy heart. Good
ling, dear Jeannette; I hope you will
r know what it is to want and suffer."
ow handsome the new carpet looked, as
iun streamed in on its wreathed flowers,
>lors of fawn, and blue, and crimson, its
velvety richness?and how proud felt
Mrs. Jeannetto at the lavish praises of
leighbors. It was a bargain, loo ; site
saved ten dollars in its purchase, and
flit a pair of elegant window shades?
nutiful match for her beautiful carpet.
I declare!" said her husband, " this
s like comfort; but it spoils all my
sure to think of poor Charley Sotners.
poor fellow is dead."
aunette gave a real sharp scream, and
flush faded from her face.
Yes! that rascally J 1 for the pallum
of a hundred dollars, he attached
ything in the little shop, and was so in
ng besides, that Charles, springing up
ily in his bed, ruptured a blood vessel,
lived scarcely an hour afterward. You
v lie has been weak and sickly this
t while."
And Mary 1" issued from Jeannette's
dless lips.
She has a dead child ; and they tell me
life is despaired of. Why on earth
't they send to me? I could easily
s spared the money for that purpose.?
, had stripped me of the last cent, they
ild have had it. Poor fellow?poor
y r
k nd I ni'livlll. llAVA MVwI if nil tn liriulr.
eannette, sinking upon ber knees on the
carpet; "oh! Edward, will God ever
ive ine for my heartlessncss ? Mary did
Lerand with tears begged me to aid
?and I?I had the whole sum in my
hand?and coldly turned her away,
my God! forgive me! forgive me J"
i the very agony of grief, poor Jeannette
Id receive no comfort. In vain her husI
strove to soothe her; she would not
a word in extenuation of her selfish
luct,
I shall tiever forget poor Mary's tears;
all never forget ]*er sad voice; they will
nt me to my dying <Uy. ?0h ! take it
y?that hateful carpet; I ftave puried
it with the death of my ddirtat
id. How could I be so cruel! I shall'
ir bo happy agaio, never?never P
ears have passed since then, and Mary
i htfr husbabd lie together under the
n sod of the church yard. Jeannette
gray hairs mixed with the bright brown
ter treeeea, bat die lives in a home of
odor, and none, know but to blesa her.
re is a Mary, a gentle Mary, in hertehold,
dear to her as her own sweet
3ren?she is the orphan child of those
who rested side by side for ten long years.
Edwa.d is rich, but prosperity lias not
hardened his heart. Ilis hand never tires
of giving out God's bounty to God's poor;
and Jennne'.te is the guardian angel of the
needy. The " now carpet," long since old,
is sacredly preserved as a memento of sorrowful
but penitent hours, atid many a
weary heart owes to its silent influence the
prosperity that has turned want's wilderness
into an Eden of plenty.
<??3i7&?.
FIRMNESS.
I) Y rilKDE CAItr.
Well, let liim go, and l?5t him utay?
I do not menu to die ;
I gucps he'll find lliiit I can livo
Without him, if I try.
Ho thought to frighten me with frown*
So terrible and black?
He'll stay away a thousand years,
Before I ask him hack!
He said that I had aeted wrong,
And foolishly hevides ;
I won't forget him nfter that?
I wouldn't if I died ;
If 1 wits wrong, what right had he
To lie so cross with mc ?
I know I'tn not nn angel, quite?
I don't pretend to be.
lie hud another sweetheart once ;
And now, when we fall out,
lie always says she was not crow,
And that site didn't pout.
It is enough to vex a s tint?
It's more than I can bear;
I wish that other gir| of his
Was?well, I don't care where.
He thinks that she was pretty too?
Was beautiful as good.
I wonder if she'd got him back
Again, now, if she could t
I know she would, nnd there she is?
She lives almost in sight;
And now it's after nine o'clock?
I'crhaps hc'ri there to-night.
T'.l -1 i
j u unnusi. wruc xo mm 10 come?
But then I've said I won't;
I do ::ci rare so much, out niic
Shan't have him, >f I don't.
Besides, I know tlint I was wrong,
And he was in the right,
I guess I'll tell him so?aud, then?
I wish he'd come to-night!
Family Government.
It is not to watch children with a suspicions
eye; to frown at their merry outbursts
of innocent hilarity ; to suppress their joyous
laughter, and to mould them into mciancholv
little models of octogenarian crrav
ity.
And when they have been in fault, it is
not to punish them simply on account of
the personal injury that you may have
chanced to suffer in consequence of their
fault; while disobedience unattended by
inconvenience to yourself passes without
rebuke.
Nor is it to overwhelm the little culprit
with a flood of angry words; to Rtun him
with a deafening noise; to call him by hard
names which do not express his misdeeds;
to load him with epithets, which would bo
extravagant if applied to a fault of tenfold
enormity ; or to declare with passionate
vehemence that lie is the worst child in
the villnge, and destined to the gallows.
But it is to watch anxiously for the first
risings of sin, and to repress them; to
counteract the earliest working of selfishness
: to suppress the first beginnings of
rebellion agasinst rightful authority; to
teach an implicit and unquestioning, and
cheerful obedience to the will of the parent,
as the best preparation for a future allegiance
to the requirements of the civil magistrate,
and to the laws of the great Ruler
and Father in Heaven.
It is to punish a fault because it is a
fault; because it is sinful and contrary to
the commands of God ; without reference
to whether it may not have been productive
of immediate injury to the parent or to
others.
It is to reprove with calmness and composure,
and not witli angry irritation; in a
few words, fitly chosen, and not with a
torrent of abuse; to punish as often as you
threaten, and threaten only when you both
intend, and can remember to perform ; to
say wbat you mean, and infallibly to do an
you say.
It is to govern your family as in tbe
sight of Ilim who gave you your authority;
who will reward your strict fidelity with
such blessings as he bestowed on Abraham,
or punish your criminal neglect with such
curses as be visited on Eli.?Religious
Herald.
Snoring.?Old Hicks was an. awful snorer.
He could be heard further tban a
blacksmith's forge; but bis wife became so
accustomed to it, that it soothed her repose.
They were a very domestic couple?never
slept apart for many years. At length the
old man was required to attend court some
distance. The first night after his departure,
lib wife never slept a wiqk; she
missed the snoring. . The second night passed
away in the sanjeinanner without steep.
She was getting, into ? ?ery bad way, and
probably would!have.di<||^ad it.out been
for the ingenuity of the servant-girl. She
took the coffee mill into hermittfqft chamber
and ground her to tleep at once / v iv
t&T A good cause makes a stout foatt
and a strong arm.
Voluntary Torture in English Prisons.
A convict, named Patrick Buttle, eighteen
years of age, recently died at the
prison in Parkhurst, England; and, at the
inquest held on his body, evidcnco was adduced
which, according to the report in the
local papers, exhibits the extraordinary
methods resorted to by prisoners to gain
admission into the Infirmary. The chief
witness was James Limb, a convict, who
said :
" I have been here four years. I have
known the deceased ever since he has been
here. On Thursday, lie told me he wished
to get into the Infirmary for the winter, and
he asked the best way to manage it. I
told him to get nonic of the stulF of the
pump, and swallow it like a pill ; and so
he did. lie took off the green stuff of the
brasses with a bit of tin, and I made it into
puis ror nun. lie was at work on the
pump lliut daj*. It was green, and I mixed
it up with soap from his cell into pills with
the oil from the top of the nuinp. I told
him where to get it, and I made it into six
pills about the size our doctor givi-s us. lie
got a drink of water, and swallowed them
one at a time, and in the afternoon he told
me he had a pain in his head. I saw him
the next morning, when he said it hadn't
made him quite had enough, so he would
take some more pills; and I think he did,
for he had enough stuff in the box to make
six more, and there was none left in the
box the next morning; and then his cocoa
got on his stomach, and it made him sick,
and lie told the ollieer, and lie put him in
his cell. I took the oil myself when I tried
to get into the Infirmary; but there was no
verdigris in that, but it made me very sick.
lie said lie thought the verdigris would
??
make it all the better, and so he look it.?
It is a common practice for us prisoners to
make our eyes and legs sore, to get into the
hospital. Some eat ground glass, and put
copperas into the sores. I can't say whether
deceased knew of these pills before I tuid
him, but the last time lie got in by running
a stocking-needle right- through his leg,
above the knee. It was full of thread, and
lie did it to make his leg sore; but he 'most
lost his leg by it. lie got in all last winter,
and he often tried the same thing over
again when he did not succeed at first, but
be got in every winter somehow. lie asked
me what to do, and I told him what I had
tried and I got in. You must mix soap
with it, to make it stick; but its two yenrs
ago since I took any. He said lie wouldn't
like to try the experiment that No. 17 did,
of eating pounded glass. I was sent licre
for stealing a horse. I was only eleven
years old then, and was remanded for two
assizes, 'cause they couldn't find the man I
sold it to."
The witness detailed the particulars of
these horrible practices with the greatest
coolness and effrontery, and seemed proud
of the part lie had taken in the transaction.
Mr. Dabbs, hospital surgeon, said he had
frequently discovered the prisoners in the
act of removing the dressings from the
sores, and irritating them, with the hope of
continuing longer in the hospital. The
doctor cited one case of a prisoner, for
whose disease he could find no remedy, and
who appeared to be daily wasting away,
lie at last ordered him to bo stripped naked,
and to spread out his arms, when a
vein in his arm spirted blood, and he then
discovered that he had, by somo means,
obtained a lancet, with which he frequently
bled himself down to death's door, in order
to remain in the hospital. The jury returned
a verdict to the effect that the dc
ceased died by poison administered by his
own hands, with the view to gain admission
into the Infirmary, and not to occasion his
own death.
Loafer's Soliloquy.?I stay pietty late,
sometimes Tin out all night, fact is I'm out
pretty much all over?out of friends?out
of pocket?out at the elbows and knees,
and always outrageously dirty. When any
body treats, and says como up fellows, I
always think my name's fellows, and I've
got too good manners to refuse. I guess I
tore this winder shutter in my pants behind,
the other night when I set down on the
wax in Ben Srugg's shop. I'll have to get
it mended up, or I'll catch cold. I ain't
very stout as it is, though I am full in the
face.
?3T 14 By hook or by crook," owes its
origin to the great fire of London, which
consumed four hundred streete. After the
fire bad burned out, two surveyors named
TToolr and Hrnok wnrfl ftnnmntArl to naoor.
tain, as far as practicable, tbe limits of the
premises on which the buildings stood. If
any dip-paired of securing bis premises, be
was consoled with tbe remark, "You'll get
it by Hook or by Crook."
JC5" A gentleman away from home, who
had been married but a short time, received
_ 1 . 1_ ? .1 1 # * l t >
h aibpnion aiming uiai ins wiie nau a cnild
the night before. lie was in groat tribulation,
but telegraphing borne for further particular*
toon ascertained that matters were
not quite aa serious as represented. A
blundering telegraphic operator had made
44a childtt oftt of f a chill".
, i
ifWorld is full of slander, and
every wretch that knows himself unjust,
obaigeahis neighbor with like passions, und
by tbe general firailty bfBes bj^ o^n.
*
8 a a s id *
"The title<if life, nwift always in it? course,
May run in oiiica with a brisker force,
Uul no where with a current so serene.
Or half so clear, as in the rural scene."
from I/'if Soil of the South.
Experiment in Agriculture.
Well conducted experiments are tl
most reliable sources of agricultural in
provement. Indeed, in the present stat
of those sciences which jwrtain to agrieu
ture, theories, unsustained by cxperienc
are to be received with great circumspcctioi
On the other hand, experiments loose)
made, are arguments neither for nor again?
n theory, and the spirit which condemns tli
deductions of science upon the result <
a single careless experiment, is just as ui
friendly to the development of truth, as tin
spirit which embraces, too hastily, the o.oi
elusions of sciencc, unwarranted by the le
of evicrictia:. We arc yet but ?n the dii
twilight of agricultural science, and i
truths are too faintly ascertained to const
tutc the mere theory of the Professor,
safe guide in the practice of the art; bi
when the deductions of the laboratory ai
continued by the results of the practic
agriculturist, we may safely conclude that
step has been made in the direction of tri
progress. It is cause of regret that so lilt
effort has been made among us to seen
the co-operation of these two sources of in
provement in agriculture.
We have remarked that experiment itsi
is not infallible; indeed, it is often tl
source of fatal errors. A single swallo
does not make a summer, nor does a sing
experiment settle a principle. To be reli
j ur<} i:.\|?ci iiiivjuia illicit im; Villi.*! Ull V <11111 1
pealedly made. Two neighboring plante
may determine to tost the value of guan
for instance, as a fertilizer for cotton,
succeeds and 15 fails. Neither can safe
conclude that he has settled the matter, In
they should carefully compare the modes
application and cultivation, the varieties
soil ??d season, in order, if possible, to d
terminc the causes which produced the di
ference in their results. The next year tl
experiment should bo repeated with an ei
specially to the operation of those caus
which had seemingly controlled the prc\
ous experiment. And thus, by repeat*
tests and closc observation, a valuable trul
may be elicited. And so, two neighbo
?r.nr.>,. ii.A r ....1. ?:it
iiuuui. iiiv ukiiiiv \Ji miir.->uiiui
One sub-soils ami succeeds. another sub-soi
and fails. There is a reason why the san
operation should produce such coutradicto
results, and that reason should he asct
taiiied. It may he concluded that the can
lies in the difference of the soils, and
test this, two fields of similar soiis may 1
selected the next year, hut the results mi
still he different. It may be accounted f
then upon the supposition that the mod
of cultivation are different. Another e
periment may be made by special referen
to this supposed cause, and still the cxpe
inents may produce different results.
' will not do still to conclude against su
soiling, because it lias succeeded on 01
placc as often as it lias failed on anollx
Finally, after repeated experiments, it mi
be ascertained that tlic difference consis
in the fact, that one field needed undc
draining, while the other did not; and th
at last, the very important conclusion 111:
be reached, that sub-soiling pays well whe
the land is dry, but that it is useless if tl
sub-soil is wet. Wo mention these ens
by way of illustration, and so we might ci
experiments in every department of agi
culture and rural economy, but these suffi
to enforce the idea that experiments must 1
cautiously conducted to make them reli
ble.
With but little labor and expense, it is
tho power of every planter to contribute
the slock of agricultural knowledge, by
systematic course of experiment. Tliii:
what ail impetus would ho given to tl
cause of improvcinont in agriculture if 01
journals devoted to that interest were fill<
with the reports of such experiments.Each
would thus contribute to his neighbc
and in turn receive the benefit of the labo
of others. The injudicious expenditure
time, money and labor, which some ha'
made upon experiments in agriculture, hav
in some instances, brought ridicule upt
the attempts at agricultural improvcmeu
but such failures are neither argumcn
against improved agriculture, nor again
experiments for that purpose. They resi
ted rather from the want of judgment i
the experimenter, than from any inhere)
difficulty in the object to be attained. \A
recommend no extravagant expenditure,none
is necessary. In tho ordinary ma
agement of the farm, it is practicable
noto carefully the different operations ar
the result which they produce, and a d
tailed report of such experiments as the
will, secure the advantages of which v
speak.
Pineapple Jelly.?Para and grate tl
pineapple, and put it into the preservir
pan, with one pound of fine white sugar
every pound of the fruit; stir it and boil
until it is well mixed and thiekena* su(
ciently; then strain it, poyr it into the jui
and when it has become cool, cover tl
jellies witU paper wet in brandv. cov
| the jars tightly, ami trej^^cn^aa^pi
Pastures.
_ A proper supply of pasturngo is tlia
great want of southern husbandry. Unless
this want shall ho better supplied, our
agriculture must continue to decline. A
, routino of crops which furnishes a plentiful
: supply of grass, hay and small grain, is essential
both for successfully rearing valuaiC
| hie stock and improving our soils. Add to
| this as bountiful a supply of manure as can
! 1)v rnro iirifl ?n?vn?w??? ? *1.?
... , _ . ....V. miMUlVll UC IlitlUV U1I IIIO
? * .
|. | promises, and there will be a reasonable as:
simmce fur prosperity and independence, if
, not wealtli.
y Tbe agricultural statistics of England
show that while she has sotno ten millions
ie : of acres in crops, she has fifteen millions in
I grasses and pasturage. And there cannot
j be a doubt that the most profitable rural
it management in our country is that which
j. furnishes the best exhibitions of pasturago
st and the grasses.
in There are portions of Virginia and Xorth
ts Carolina, which twenty years ago, were so
j. gullied and exhausted by the continuous
a cultivation of the two hoo crops of Indian
it corn and tobacco, that the lands were difli_
re cult to sell at three and four dollars per
ill acre. Those lands now sJl at from forty
a j to one hundred' dollars per acre, and aro
,e annually becoming more valuable, under a
|.? different treatment. Where formerly were
i .?
ru ! seen the gaunt cow and horse, the half
n. starved ling ami sheep, are now to be found
fat and improved nnitnals of every kind ;
.jj- luxuriant fields of red clover, of timothy
and blue grass, or rich wheat or oat field*
occupying the places which were cast away
le as worthless; emigration is checked, and
a_ the country not less than the inhabitants,
present a cheerful, pleasing and frappy as"
rs pect. Now what has caused this revolu0
tion ? Simply the change froity the unremuted
hoe crop of Indian corn and tobacco,
ly ; to a judicious system of rotation, and prop1|t
j er attention to manure, which, while it has
nfj improved the soil, at the same time has fur0f
j nished a plentiful supply of grass and hay,
o Add to these the increased facilities for
I transportation, by rail roads and plank
roads, and we have a full explanation of
>e the great reformation and transformation,
os 11 ave the net profits of the farm been
diminished ? The best answer to this quesH]
tion will be found in the enhanced v?lue of
the lands?for it is hardly probable that
rR where lands have increased in value 1000
,r to 1500 per cent., that the profits have not
Us advanced pnri passu.
1C With such examples before him, why is
rv it that the cotton planter will persist in his
,r. ruinous course? Is it because he believes
se nothing can le relied upon for stock food
lo but Indian corn, and uothing for profit but
L,c cotton ? If so, let hiin ask the Virginia
1y and Carolina farmer, and they will satisfy
i,r him of bis error. They will tell him lhat
es the opinion once prevailed with them that
x_ Indian corn for foot], and tobacco for marre
ket, were the only reliable crops, and that
this was the great error of their old husbandry,
which impoverished their stock and
l,_ tlieir lands, ami was rapidly depleting their
ne poekels.
}r* Effects of Heat upon Moat.
^ A well cooked piece of meat should bo
,ts full of iU own juice or natural gravy. In
r" roasting, therefore, it should bo exposed to
lls a quick lire, that the external surface may
ho made to contract at once, and the albuie
men to coagulate, before the juice has had
,e time to escape within. And so in boiling:
es When a piece of beef or mutton is plunged
*e into boiling water, the outer part contracts,
rl the albumen, which is near the surface,.
i?J>
coagulates, and the in'ernnl juico is prevcnted
either from escaping into the water by
" which it is surrounded, or from being diluted
orweakencd by tho admission of wa-'
111 ter among it. When cut up, therefore, tlia
to a ? ?i *? "
cut i iciua UIUUI jj'Htj, iinu 13 ricil 111 I1Hn
vor. Hence a beefsteak or a mutton chop
is done quickly and over a quick fire, that
10 the natural juices may be retained. On
l,r the other hand, if the meat be exposed to a.
slow fire, its pores remain open, the juice
~ continues to flow from within, as it has
,r' dried from the surface, and the flesh pines,
and becomes dry, hard, and unsavory. Or
if it be put into cold or tepid water, which
kC is afterwards gradually brought to a boil,
much of the albumen is extracted befbre ik
)n coagulates, the natural juices for the most
1' part flow out, and the meat is served in,.a
^ nearly tasteless state. Hence, to prepare
st good boiled meat, it Bhould be put at once
into water already brought to a boil. Bui '
111 to make beef tea, mutton broth, and other ?
meat soups, tho flesh should be put into.'
e cold wat*r, and this afterwards very slowly
? warmed, and finally boiled. The advantage
n" derived from Rimmering, a term not unfre-'
lo quent in cookery books, depends vefy much >
upon tho effects of slow boiling as above
e* explained.? Chemistry of CormtiauLife, J*
se
'.e To Clean Gold Chain*.?A correspondent
says; " Some of your renders may bo
pleased to Jcnow that^.gold chain, washed
.,e in soap and water,- with Q. few drops of ML
>g hartshorn in it, and afterwards dried in s*ff>
ti. To Cure Ifams.?When you pre sn><H . ,r ^
rs, king your bams, occasionally thrpw^fflpow
lie tlie fire a