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j " LIBERTY AND MY NATIVE SOIL." j VOLUME IV. r - -I NUMBEB 46. ABBEVILLE C. H? S. C., JANUARY 11), 1848. ! i I Published every Wednesday Morning by CHARLES H. ALLEN, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. TERMS. One Dollar and Fifty Cent*, Invariably in Advance. ADVERTISEMENTS, inserted at 75 cts. per square of twelvo linen for tho first insertion, and 37 1-2 cts. for oach continuanco. Thoso not having tho desired number of insertions marked upon them, will bo continued until ordered out and charged, accordingly. Ifcj- Cjstrays J oiled, ,"jj>^.UU,to bo paid by tho Magistrate. U* For announcing a Candidate, $2.00, in advance. O" Tho Postago must ho paid upon all letters and communications to socuro attention. The Dying Volunteer. BV G. W. PATTON, UNITED STATES ARMY. " They said more died from sickness than from tho 6\vord." Hero, comrades, rest me here ! Beside the grassy road ; Let yon soft couch where Autumn sere LI..U . I l / j.Aiini uasi uei roues irorn year 10 year, Reccive your weary load. Leave me where breeses play 'Mid palm trees waving high, And flowers exert such pleasing sway, That death himself aside might stray, Forgotten where I lie. Council yon leaping stream To strike its thunder strain, And let awhile each billowy gleam Invest my sight?that I may dream The battle wakes again? That blazing banners fly Where steeds expectant stand, And as I breathe my latest sigh, Of dying,"as L hoped to die, With the falchion in my hand. For this I left my home, J3ut the wild,wild,dream hath past; Mo more upon my ear hath come The war beat of the Catherine drum. # O * Or the trumpet's rousing blast. Tho sun hath set in night Which once so fair did shine, "Wresting forever from my sight, Column deep acrried for tne fight, " And square and wheeling line. Upon the battle bed, While rang the baitle cry, Gazing upon the Eagle red, Whose shadowy wings above ine spread, It was my prayer to die. Not thus unwept?alone, Fainting to yield my breath, Where the hot day-breeze hath a tone While passing, like the fevei'd groan Of melancholy death. Yet not in vain shall flee My life's fast melting ray? Comrades,go tell them,who like me Still pine to sail on Glory's sea, How little wise are they. fx.uu incuijun, us ye cyme Along the wandering wave, How on a spot without a name, Farhidden fromthe searchof Fame, Ye paus'd beside my grave. f Funeeal Honors.?The Montgomery journal of Tuesday says: The Montgomery arrived here yesterday bearing the remains of Col Butler, Lt. Col. Dickenson and Lt. Moragne, of the gallant Palmetto Regiment. As their arrival had been anticipated by the city authorities, a funeral salute of minute guns was fired. At 5 o'clock the Masonic Fraternity and order of the Odd Fellows, accompanied by large numbers of citizens on horseback and in carriages, received the remains from the boat, and escorted them to the Rail Road depot, from whence they were forwarded on by the cars this morning. Oil the arrival of the nrocession at the de pot, those attending were addressed most eloquently by Judge Porter of Tuscaloosa, in some impressive remarks appropriate to the . occasion and in honor of the memory of the . gallant dead., t * Glory.?Millions of bushels of human bones have been transported from the continent to Hull for agricultural purposes.? these, which *were collected on the plains ef lj^ipsic, Austerlitz, and Waterloo, were the bones of the bold, the brave and the chi . valrous, who fell fighting their country's j battles. With, them were mixed the bones of the horses, and both were ground to dust, conveyed to Yorksbirg, and sold for ma' *4Aure<?Yorkshire Paper. phy?i?ioti,^t a dinner, was'boasting 4**- -that he eurei;pyw hams, when one of the guests .observed ''Doctor, I would soon?r be your ham than your patient'' XFroni tlic Anderson Gazelle. THE RAIL ROAD. Mr Editor, The following facts in reference to the cost of the Greenville and Columbia Rail Road, and the ability of the Company to construct it, are submitted for the purpose of satisfying all concerned, ifit be possible to do so, that the steam horse, courcingover an Iron track at a rate annihilating to time and space, will make his entrance into the Village of Anderson, in less time than 4 years from the 1st day of January, A, D. 1848. The entire cost of the Rail Road from Columbia to Anderson C. H. according to the estimates made by the Engineers, usinga bridge or T Rail weighing 71 tons to the mile, distance 128 miles i?, $1,294,000 If it is concluded to lay down a light iron, such as is used upon most of the Roads in the Southern States, I am informed by one of the Engineers, $3,000 per mile may dc deducted trom tne estimates, amounting lor 128 miles, to 384.000 l Which reduces the entire cost of the Road to Anderson C. H. with light iron to 910,000 The amount of stock now subscribed, that will certainly be availabh1, is about 650,000 Deduct trom this, the entire cost ofgraduation and Bridging to Anderson C. H. as, per estimates, the whole of which may be put under contract speedily as possible, the sum of 390,000 And we have on hand,wish which to lay down superstructure and iron. 257,000 This sum, at tho average cost of 84,039 per mile, the amount according to the estimates, using the bar iron, will construct ready for the cars, upwards of 03 miles of the Road to Anderson C. II.. which will at the same average cost, anount to $202,535. n it: i 1 * * i i- ii vviin 1:1:2 auoiisoisai sum oe raiseu Dy private subscriptions? I answer, yes! The towns and districts interested stand pledged to furnish their pari of it, and will do so. But admitting they should fail us, having the entire grading and bridging of the Road to Anderson C. H. completed, G3 miles ready for the cars, and the sum of ?550,000expended, can we not borrow upon the faith ofit, as the charter requires the Company to, do if necessary, a sum sufficient to finish the entire work? Does any one doubt it? If we cannot trie Uompany must be an exceeding poor one, and the enterprise most unnecessary and useless; f< r in this way a majority of the Rail Koads upon have been built. The last 65 miles completed, the sum of$200,000 is still required to equip it, with Engines nnd Cars, build Depots, water stations and workshops, and to coverall incidental expenses; and this, L suppose, there is no doubt may be borrowed quite conveniently if nccessary on the faith of the said 65 miles, last completed. We will thus, have the Road from Columbiato Anderson C. H. finished and in perfect trim for business, even if we should /~:i * ~ *l _ 11 I r i fan iu uui'iiu unuuier uunar uy way 01 sudscription from any quarter. But this? is not the best wny to build Rail Roads. If constructed on borrowed capital, the Receipts must of course be set apart for a series of years, for the payment ofthe debt, instead of going into the pockets of the stockholders, by way of dividends, and hence it becomes the duly and interest of every friend to the enierprise, to go to work in good earnest, and raise at once, a fund amply sufficient to cover the entire cost ol the road, It may be said however, that the estimates of the Engineers are too low. In answer to this objection, I have to say, that they are willing to back their judgement by taking the entire work, at the prices fixed, and therefore the Direction will l6t no contract above the estimates. As to the time in which the road may be constructed, J am informed by one of the engineers in answer to interrogatories?that the location may be completed in six months?the grading, bridging, &c. in twelve months, and the super, structure and iron laid down in twelve mnnl Vl a iyiapo mol/nm* I f iiiuiiiiio ?aiuiv/j iiiuniiig uvu jcuis <?uu a iiu.li from the time the company get properly at work. If we should fail to obtain private subscriptions,and be delayed twelve months on account of having to make loans, we may still see the Iron horse snorting through our forests in less than 4 years; and if every man will do his duty in good faith, nothing is more certain. ri January 7th, 1848. u?.; y * *"' ' < * ?'* - i* There is a lady in Russia 168 years of age. She married her fifth hushand at the age of 122? . ' From Chamber's Journal. CURIOSITIES OF ARITHMETIC. An eastern Prince was so much delighted with the game of chess, which' had been devised for his amusement, that he desired the inventor to name his own reward.? The philosopher, however, was too modest to seize the opportunity of enriching himself, he merely begged of his royal master a grain of corn for each square on the chess table, doubling the number in proceeding from the first to the sixty-fourth square. The King, honoring his moderation, made no scruple of consenting to the demand, b| | on his treasurer making the necessary ci culations, he was somewhat surprised to ii Jttialhe had engaged to give away the imp ^siblcquantily of87,070,5*25,540,092,850 c tains of corn, equal to the whole contained in 10,384 towns, each having 1.024 grana ries of 174'702 measures each consisting of 32,708 grains. The story of the horse-shoe is of the same kind, and like the above is usually met with in books of scientific recreation. A man selling a fine horse is to receive lor it nothing more than the value of the twenty-fourth nail of the animal's shoes, supposing that the first nail is worth-a farthing and soon, doubling each time. The bargain is a tolerable good one, since the 24th nail, at this rate, proves to be worth ? 17,000. suppose that oi all Hie prodigious number of eggs in a female herring, oniy 2,000 come to maturity, and that each of them in its turn gives birth to the same number, half males, and half females. In the second year, we should have a family of 12,000,000, in the third, of 2,000,000,000; and in the eighth, the number would be expressed by the figure 2 followed by 24 ciphers. This numhci of herrings would not find room even if the earth were turned into a globe of water, as its whole volume would furnish nnli' iiliiuil !? Qnnnvo in/.h f<ii- fid-. J ?^ 1UI v.uv.11 IlOil. A sum of money invested at five per cent, compound interest, is doubled in fourteen years and some months, quadrupled in less than thirty years, octupled in less than fortyfive years, and so on. From this it would oppearthat if a centime had been placed out at such interest, vro bono publico, in the year 800, when Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the West, the 30,000,000 Frenchmen inhabiting the country at the Revolution in 1830, would have enjoyed an income of 100,000,000,000 francs. Such arithmetically true, but economically impossible results of old deposits, are made the 2 round work of some works nf firtinn Km u -- - -- ? J writers of another class are obliged to attend to the obvious fact, that in order to effect such accumulation of capital, the business of ihe bankers and the wealth of the community would require to increase in the same proportion. Money does not breed spontaneously. The party to whom it is entrusted must use his funds in such a way as to enable him not only to pay the interest butto derive a profit from the transaction. A sprig of henbane sometimes produces 50,001) grains ; but if we take the average at 10,000 the number of sprigs in the eighth rTAimrnttAn WAUM Kn 1 ^ -* ^Viiviutivil t? v/um UO VyAj;i Vvoncu U y 1U 1-1" pliers. At this rate it would take nearly the entire surface of the globe to contain all the henbane produced from a single plant in four years. A hundred pebbles were arranged in line, six feet apart, with a basket six feet ahead of the first pebble, in which a man, for a wager, was to place the stones, one by one, in as little time as his comrade would take to walk from the Luxembourg to the Chateau of Meuden and back again. The distance between these twn nnini* i?a an snn yards, or 60,600 going and returning; and ibis is the exact distance the stone gatherer wo* Id have to walk by making a separate journey from the basket for each of his pebbles. But the latter would not only have to walk, but to stoop and rise again a hundred times; and, in eflect, so great a hindrance was this, that he had only deposited nis eigniy nun stone Dy tne time tlie other had completed his task. The population of the globe is supposed to be under a thousand millions, or according to M. Hassel, 937,855,000. If, then, says a French writer, all mankind were collected in one place, every four individuals occupying a square metre, the whole might be contained in ' a field ten miles square. Thus, generally speaking, the population of a country might be packed, without much squeezing, in its capital. Rill' ihp mnm i f I nh tliia r?i o !? ?. ? IMW 1 ? ? III IV4V/U lino * V>0 lio UI lilts number of the human race, is counterbalanced by its capability of extention. The new world is said to contain a productive land 4,000,000 square miles of middling quality, each capable of supporting two hundred inhabitant?; and 6,000,000 of a better quality, capable tif supporting 500 persons. According to this calculation, the population of the new -world, as peace.and civilization advances, may attain to the extent of 4,000,000,000. If we suppose the surface pf the old worlrl to bo double that of America (and notwithstanding thecompa w rative poverty of the land, this calculation may be accepted, if we say nothing of Australia and the various archipelagoes,) it would support 8.000,000,000; and thus the aggregate population of the entire globe might amount to 12,000,000,000, or twelve times the present number. How many curious speculations suggest themselves here ! What space will it take r. ?i . r -> j iui inn iiuiituiiunis oi me eartn to increase to twelve times their present number? Will such increase "ver take placc? Supposing the epoch approach when the table is full," what will be the eonditiort of the then races of mankind? In what way, through what proximate causes, will the number of births adjust themselves to the number of deaths? Will war be once more resuscitated from the ashes of ages? lor war must have been dead, to admit of the completion of the ranks of the species? Will hatred, want, misery, follow as usual the footsteps of the destroyer, and the earth swallow up the children which her uncalculating intincts have produced? Hut it. is folli/ tr? Mornlov nnrnnli-no ...itk . - J vr?. ? V-vJ inquiries upon the subjects which are obviously beyond the grasp of the intellect.? All we know with certainty is, that the human world has gone on for at least four thousand years' without attaining to more than one-twelfth part of its possible extent. , Our knowledge is limited, and must always be so. Not to talk of the interior of the , earth, which we can learn but litte about from hammering upon its crust, we are each individually ignorant even of our fel- , low being on the surface. One of us may know something of plants, another some- < .L! _ n : ?- i * "? iitin^ or nisccis?uui tnc mina aoes not ex- " isl wliicli is able to comprehend the organic world in its en then ess. It is said that there arc 100.000 species of vegetables, five ' or six times that number of insects, about 1,200 of quadrupeds, 6,800 of birds, and 1,500 of reptiles. The sea we knew almost as little about as we do of the interior of the earth?but as its bottom is at least double the extent of the surface or our continent and islands, we may roughly take the number of its species, animal and vegetable, as equal to that ofthe species which require ' atmospheric air. As for the microscopic world, there we are entirely lost?but in all nrrkKnliili'fv if ic? oe vioK * -? vuiAuintj iii lO t*o 1 1^11 111 lift HIC world that is cognizablc to our ordinary senses. But if we take the entire number of species of organised beings at only 2,000,000, what human intellect is capa- 1 ble of studying them to any purpose? If man gave himself up to the task as the busi- 1 ness of his life, attending to the examination i of each specie but one minute, and working incessantly during ten hours in the day, he 1 would not accomplish the cursory, unreflecting survey in less than twenty years 1 These consideration should at least teach us humility, and for the rest we may safely ' trust in the Creator of these unspeakable 1 wonders, that His Almichtv Hand will sus- 1 lain the work which ifis omniscient wis- 1 dom conceived, and that the same power { which originated the plan, will extend to its 1 consummation. From the Richmond Whig. CALIFORNIA?MEXICO. The following extract of a letter from a < gentleman who went to California with Col. Stevenson's New York Regiment, is copied from the Detroit Daily^ Advertiser : i "I have been in California since April j 18, 1847 ; have seen but little of the coun- j try myself, but have conversed much with ] various persons, some of whom have visited < every part of it, and can confidentially as- ] | ? iL - ? n IT ? act i, uuu au ussen, irmi v^uiuornia, taken ai- ] together, is a most miserable, God forsaken country, the jumping oft' place, fit only for Mormons, iYlillerites and monomaniacs. It has been most flagrantly misrepresented? most villanously belied. The climate, if healthy, which is questionable, is excessively disagreeable about here, on account of the violent winds and fogs. The fog is often so heavy that the water drips from the . roots as it it had been raining, and when] 1 coming over the hill it looks more like a' * snow-storm than any thing else. Over- j coats and flannels are worn the year round; j summer clothes aie useless. From sunrise I to 10 A. M., is usually quite pleasant; then 1 comes the wind and the fog, either of which 1 is more disagreeable than any weather I ever saw in the States. So much for what country I have seen about San Francisco, < the "American Itallv." as some foolish ? people have called it. The Bay of San Francisco, ns regards " 1 commercial purposes, merits all the most ( enthusiastic have said of it. It is probably the finest bay in the world, and it alone , may save California from utter, condempa- j tion. Other parts, of the country are more i objectionable even than this; some for the c total absence of moisturV, and allf of it gfen- c erally for the want of tifHrble* land. -Oh, 4 how the emigrants who come here will be 1 disappointed 1 I wish they all knew what \ I know. It would savre many a onfrtwrrt { much misery and suffering; the which will surely follow any attempt to settle here for agricultural purposes. Speaking of game here, I have been out twice; the first time 1 shot a rattle snake of the most venomous kind, and the last time I was chased home by a oougar or puma, a species of tiger, a leetle too thick for comfort about here. One of them was killed last week, which measured from tip of nose to tip of tail. They are found eleven feet long about here, and are more ferocious than the erislv bear. The natives call them lions." Of that portion of Mexico bordering upon the lower Rio Grande, the Indianapolis Journal furnishes us the following information : "One of those politicians who, in 1844, gave such glowing descriptions of the fertility ofTexas,the great value of its products, and the salubrity of its climate, has rencently been in Texas, and upon his return to this State, declared he would not live in it for a county of land. Fifteen citizens of ?uiuu cuumum tun iiuus, aiuuu uii iicauuuu, visited Texas with a view of removing there, but all returned perfectly satisfied with Indiana. One of the present Colonels from Indiana, has often declared that he would not give the life of such a man as Henry Clay, jr., for all the country between Saltillo and the Rio Grande. Yet it is such a country that we seek to annex at the cost of millions." And the following bird's-eye view of the whole country is copied from an article from "the pen of an experienced officer," which a short time since appeared in that orthodox journal, the Washington Union : "This country (says the officer who ixffitoii frnm \T o to o not inn nf T n/liono iVIlbVsO it Vllft 1IAUAIVU ^ U. IIUIIUII Ul JLIIUlUiltl* Some foreigners and Spanish Indians, a mixed racc, have the wealth and control; but the groat mass of the people are Indians, originally less warlike than those in our country. Their spirits have been broken and cowed by cruel and harsh treatment, and they now labor, work and die for their masters. There is no slavery that I have seen equal to it. You can then form some opinion how they can be approached and treated. The officer who furnishes {< a Plan for the War," writes as follows: "The Mexicans, including Indians of the full blood, may, perhaps, number 7,000,000. Without regard to color, they may be divided into three classes. 1. The army, the priesthood and the millionaires, (chiefly land-holders;) theso govern. 2. The middle class of shop keepers, mechanics and small proprietors, and cultivators. 3. The lowest class?greater in number t_j: n_.1:? i_i ? j nni ?unieuy inuiuus, ui ui iiiuiuu uiuuu. lueso ire bondmen, ground to the dust, of worse :ondition than negro slaves, excessively ignorant and bigoted ; they are easily decievsd, and have been led to believe our armies composed of monsters of heresy cruelty and oppression." Now, we would, in all sincerity, inquire whether this is a country or a people for which we should protract a bloody and a costly war ? Can their acquisition snd incorporation intothe^Union be, in;any just sense ofthe word, regarded as indemnity / o Short Patent Sermon.?Perhaps it may not be amiss to remember the printer in my discourse. He is in a very disagreeable situation. He trusts every body?he knows not whom; his money is scattered everywhere, and hardly knows where to look for it. His paper, his ink, hfsjype, [lis journeyman's labor, his living, &c, mnct hp nnnplnallir rviirl fnr Vnn lVTr ?? ind Mr. , and a hundred others tcould name have taken his paper, and 5four children, your neighbors, have betiiramused ind informed, and I hope, improvedby it; ifyou mies one paper,youthink vetjtnard jf the printer ; you would rather go with>ut your best meal than to bedeprivedpf pour newspaper. Have youev^r complied with the terms of your subabHpfcfon 1 '"Havo pbn taken as much pains .< to furnish the printer with his moooy aahe bastofurnish r'ou with his paper? Have you paid him "or his type, his press, his hand work, his lead work ? If you "have not, go And pay lim off. Jr. u W-ife I wby in the name of^gpodnesi lid you, not make the washerwoman- put staroh in iny shirt collar?" "Why, my dear, Ithbfcfght-teWuseless ;va$te of thb atticle; -fof I can get your sholer up so easy without it,'' . Drr, Johnson gives the1 BhlfcuwJph# ti narriage in a few wordsA tn^rried nan,** says He, s m?Hj. CAW^v%KJt"? tw.hfllrtr lite* W? niAtt***.. 'A' ^racorn*'" p''' -