The Camden weekly journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1853-1861, February 24, 1857, Image 1
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THE CAMDEN WEEKLY JOURNAL j
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VOLUME XVIII. CAMDEN, SOUTH-C^gffllNA, TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 24,1857; NUMBER 8. ?
MISCELLANEOUS.
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SPEECH OF HON. W. W. BOl'CE
OF SOUTH CAROLtKA,
In the HoCsbof Representatives,
February 10 1857.
^he House being in the Committee of the
Whole on the state of the Ui:ion, and having
? tinder consideration th6 bill (H. R. No. 556)
lo reduce the duty 011 Imports, and for other
purposes?
Mr. BOYCE said:
c^^'Chairman: * uPon 'he
lariflT. The surplus now in the Treasury I
& femoonU toover $19,000,000. and this in des-.
p pile of extravagant appropriations made
llrtClaat few years. The surplus on the
JWtie, 1857, as estimated by tho Secre
f .Wry of th?iTrt-a-ury, will he $43,-9^5, 710 62.
; ^Pbea# f*ct^ indicate radical defects in our ex
fating tariff, and forshadcnv great disasters
! breleaa* tifceiy remedy is applied. They indi
'*%iTe*tItat more motley has been taken from the
people than the wants of the Government re-^UMr
4ka&.which unthing can be more unjust
eap^sially when we consider the
portion of our taxation, as
fr-tiw.po ?tonsutt?ption, falls upon that
I class of rujr people who" have but limited means
I t/r bther Iliaft their labor, as that class
I ^ constituteajjreat majority of our population, a
I C1*4SS WHO. fiupu^uuuilt livtr \jy kuc niveau jut i
t ; Weir brow, wfco-. are com pel led t<> practice a
severe-economy, sod Necessitate.! to undergo
v f But thefe fcre^ojber Objections to the-' surL*
pJu? accunwgi jjHp? Their natural tendency
wty into poLaj(|H^K?b?. .business relations of the
country b^iffwfrh(Trawal from circulating of
j^y' sucb vast sums of money, in specie, the ourrenU
J re^u're^ V l^e Sub-Treasury law. The
WW imminent danger from this source is o!>vi..u-,
\ vben ire consider the peculiar nature of our
\ currency, consisting as it does so largely of
^ \ paper credit *v and renting nti a very narrow
\?J2C^' bwia. iln January, 1850, the total
i u fatWadftfala I if 4 he banks in tbe United States,
in circuiatioji, batik credits.
>in(fl^Bs9R8r^tae>C" u,',' r' w"8 8i7l.0':t0
1 iSc>|MV{WH"c:1(1 iwr ,
<V ?" . ?. a* I iit> ;.^ : I.::p( .'I :"
'"' I'iJil n-Sti!l liont h;;v ,
fug Jtmofr' ' ca a i:i v ia f ;
pi . GOvfcnQMa^l; hIM'et a financial -eri>is an>^
? nnii k estimate the fatal c?'f>se
quince*. 'Bj^ycfetary of the Treasury,
/ Cms point; says, in his last report.
"The Independent Treasury may exercise h
fetal conln?l ow the currency^ the hanks, and
1^has
" publicdvht, and no means
of disbursing this large sum, and again giving
it to the channels of comineice, the accumulated,
sum itould have acted fatally on the banks and
'on trade" ?,
The national debt is no*' so nearly extin
guished that we cannot rely upon it further as
a safetvvalve. think it unnecessary further
to develop this point; business men will readily
comprehend ill magnitude; nor is it necessary
- * ?* a~ at ? 1*. 1. J...,
B lor me.lftW more man wiuur iu tne inci, uiul
8 - f3,000,<)00 idle in the Treasury inB
va?m *n annual I-.SS of >>3,000,000 ill l ie
n interest; this being a bonus, 1
y we pay for the chance of pro?
' "||IM '. l"""1" '""
I * ^'^plfcider them. Theii natural effect is
j enretftbt, tad! induce to the most extravagant
the face, it would seem there
would be but one opinion as to the necessity
"'Of? reduction of the tariff- -Why, then, is it
- ^iV*J2feA?bhef It has been for several years urir
? eatly recommended by the President vjfiile
- United States and the Secretury-of the TreaOTTyi
Underordinary circumstances, it would
' aefcin that nothing would be more popular than
* to rtfdace the taxes, artd that the contest would
beast*)* ho should have the merit of perfonnit^to
aoreptable an office. If re were the
legislator# of a Stale, we would proceed to this
duty SffeEthe most sovereign alacrity; why,
" tfeee^jfe* ' we, the legislators of the Union,
act upon the subject? The reason
is oWidMi?.r It is because of our indirect system
jQjf taxation, and the protective featuies of our
-* he hoped that the obstacles nf
te>?? these causes wiJI 'not be insurmountable,
?od that we will not terminate our mis
. sloo jwiegWatora w ithout having reduced taxation,
io the face of a vast and increasing surplus
' ^ especially when we remember tliat if we neglect
'to act in the matter nothing can be done for
..Atkon eMr Hi)rims which lime the hit nmiihi
nuuiuvt j ***** f ?j) ? ?
lion* in the Treasury will be constantly and
LgfJSj ragMly increasing.
\ At Oh? time, Mr. Chairman, 1 was willing
tcraecopt the present tariff as correct in prin
' <rest satisfied with a pro rota reduc03..
Bui gieafer reflection unon th- |
subject has satisfied me that the exi.-.'>i:g tariff
V g'uifl defective in detail and in principle
< I willn&w. alldde to some of the defects iji the :
fc '<present tin iff. There are too mar.y >crn*?ful^s
W^^I.OtH^ffhridrt-d f'er can't., the fin t\ per.eenf.,
^kpS^lhirty per cent., the twentv-fik'e per cent.
BgW the twenty per cent., the fifteen per cent., the
~ ten patcont and the five per cent, schedules,
besides the fiee list The effect of so many
'Icbedul* s to lead to unnecessary complexity |
and expanse in the collection of the revenue. I
mast not, however, be understood as being in
favor-of a horizontal tariff, which all experience
and the laws of political economy utterly reject
[ .. Further, the articles brandies and cordials,
[ embraced in schedules A, the one hundred*per
| cent., schedule, are subject to t??o high a rate
! of duty. These duties are abdve the revenue
standard; for there is no doubt but that, at a
lower rate of duty, say thirl) or fifty per cent.,
\ '
they would yield-a larger* revenue, and there
can be no excuse for having them above the
revenue standard?that point at which they
would produce the most revenue. The effect of
these high duties is necesarily very much to
cripple our trade with France, a result greatly
to tie regretted, for there is im country with
which it is more desirable to cultivate commercial
relations than France, even upon the principles
of the protectionists, for the exports from
France do not come in competition with the
products of this country; besides, there is a great
sympathy of feeling between .the people of
France and this country, which ought to he
cherished, as we have much to gain, not merely
commercially, but otherwise, by close relations
with a people so remarkable"*as the French
people are for great ideas and noble impulse.
Another defect in the present tariff is, that
the duties on articles of prime necessity, such
as COUOII, ? OUieil, auu uuii iiiaihmikvwtb, niin
sugar, are too high. These'artieles are indis
I leasable to the great uvtss of oar people, and
the great mass of our j?eople are the laboring
classes. 7heduty upon the!>e articles range
from twenty-fiv* to thirty per cent., producing
$28 145,627 35 of revenue for the fiscal year
1850, being nearly one half of the total revenue
of that >ear; the result of which is that a vast
portion of the burden of taxation is thrown
upon the laboring classes, whereas as little as
possible should be thrown upon them. The
effect of these high duties upon these articles
of prime necessity, by enhancing their
price, is the same as if we were to pass a law
to reduce the wages of labor. To reduce these
duties would be, on the othef hand, to increase
til* wages of l?b<?r; for though they would
nominally remain the siinie, they would buj
more, and leav a larger surplus. F r the i???
tere-', then, of die laboring cluse*, I iiisi-t
ihat those d.tires should be retlueed; and, if d<?n"
it would o<?i l?e hiappropriate to entitle the
bill. **A bill t<? reduce the duties on prime
necessity, and lo increase wages"?a result, 1
apprehend, which would be entirely satiafacton
le eve>y in man the Unit- d Shit-* who has to
earn hi* hieail by the sweat ofhisbrow.
Another defect in the present UrriflTis, that
the revenue is derived from too high a rale of
dntiefe. Wiiat I tiiean is evidrnt when I state,
tiiat. f.-r the vear 1853 1(49,000,000, or six
-eveitirp? ??f ihe entire revenue, was derived
ft >ui-Uities ?if twenty-five percent, and up?
.rds. Experience bus demonstrated, that
it (Ktii the generality of articles twenty per cent,
duties is the revenue standard that if you ad-v
vance the duties beyond that point you more
or less prophihit "importations mid diminish ?he
revenue. It is not difficult, therefore, to understand
how the collection of aix sevenths of
the revenue at a rate of duty five per cent, above
the revenue -taudard; must operate an?*t im??ri
ttslv upon the exrhangps ??f the country l?y ,
iliniiiiislnnu i lie imp ot*. n??L by ,ppft>e-queiicrttlie
ek|i??rls. fin ibe interest, i-ffttr, of the ex-"1
ch?iiiies..f the coin.try I -t on a reduction
of our present iiii?li rater, of duties.
In thus pointing out tin- d.-feets of the present
tariff 1 would npi he Understood as depredating
tlie stntemauship of i lie gentleman^ who
was at the twa l of the Treason Department in
1846, and who it is understood had more influ
ence III me f?i UII5 art man nujr uur
else. 1 allude to Mr. K??l>eit J. Walker. .On
ihe contrary, I think the country owes. him a
great debt ingratitude for his services upon that
occasion. His celeb'nted report, in 1846. is a
masterly .exposition of our true revenue policy
and it' the tariff"ol 1846, did not come up to the
high standaid of lii? report, the fault, 1 am
sure, was not in him, but in li e difficulties of
his* position:
? 1 n<>\v -propose. Mr. Chairman, to consider
the report fiom the majority of the Committee
of Ways and Means on this subject. That
report rests upon the idea that the protectee
policy is a wise policy, and that the tariff
should be nioditi-d in anb-ervjertce to that
policy. 1 widj to examine that question; and
if 1 destroy the foundation .upon which the
report resj*, then the superstructure erected
upon it must fall to the ground. To put the
argument, in the mo-t strikifff and comtire
9 n
lieusible liiiht, I will state il ill a simple and
practical tot fit. Certain persons wisjiirtg t<j go
iyto manufacturing, ask <?'?vernmerit to aid
tliein in n business naturally unprofitable, by
preventing the consumers of the country from
buying foreign goods cheap, in older that those
consumers may be compelled to buy their
goods dear. These are the three'propositions
necessarily involved in the demsmLfor protection.
Let us examine them. ...
As regard* the fir.-t propositi! n, Government
is asked to ah! men in embarking in an unpro
fitiblfc business. 1 think that I have stated this
proposition corre- tlv. The proposed business j
is either profitable or rt is unprofitalile. If it
were profitable,' no application would be made
to (tovernin^nt for aid. The very fact of the
application to Government necessarily implies
that ihe business is unprofitable. This is a
logical conclusion of absolute certainty. A*
X'.tiling, then, that tbe proposed business is unprofitable,
wlrat course ought Government to
tak> ? Is it not plain that, if it did anything,
instead of aiding persons to go into an unpro
fitable business, it should rather discourage
them from it? For it must be obseVved that
Government does not by ita action increase
the capital of a country; it can only give a
new direction to it. The capital of a country,
fhen.'iemaining the same, I insist it is unwise
for Government, as a mere question of political
economy, to aid in turning anv Dortion
of the capital of a country into an unprofitable
channel; because, in the degree that the rates of
profit upon the capital thus unprofitable directed
is below the average rate of profits of the
capital of the country generally, to fhat extent
there is an absolute low to the productive
energies of the country. Therefore, it is un
wise in any country to turn capital into ?ny
channel yielding a less rale of profit than the
average of profits of the country. But such a
policy us peculiarly with us, having, as we
do, a new, vast, and undeveloped country,
needing only the application of capital and en
ergy to produce the grandest and most profits
ble results. So much for this first proposition.
As regards the second proposition, that the
consumers should not be allowed to buy for
~~TT ? . *'.?
eign goods cheap. - f ^m^ft not dwell, npon tbe
injustice invfjlved'fy this proposition, though it
strikes me as ;?ii direp?.?tt?ck upon tbe right of
property andthe: right bflabor, to prohibit a
man from b^yitsjfflrwHmg to the host advantage.
To tbd. extent'ibat lie loses by your
prohibition,rttf;UyiS exl^O1 you have confiscated
the fruits of' bisihdiMlT. But, wisdom
is there in ^ihiS; propjanf on ? It is true, we
are often toU monopolists thai it is ruinous
to buy cheap fjfteigr) goods. But I can
hardly conceive of a more monstrous fallacy
than this idea. Test it by evpry day's.experience
ami common sense. Suppose, Mr. Chair
man, you should go into a tailor's shop to buy
a coat, and the tailor should say to you? 'You
may have^ihi* .oga^or thirty dollars, it was
made in tbAUltigfed1plates; but you may have
that ^tl^^ajrijBlgBis just as good, for fifteen
foreign inffoe*n?; ;would,- I ilViafine, take
two of tlw^ihuBii'jS^r coats, father than one
of the (bitty dollaKicoats. Everybody act*
upon th^prtnd|^4^Hs the wisdom of evety
day fife." Ifit U wWnn individuals to do this,
why is it not'* feel n Iff e Country to do the same?
To show the infinite absurdity of this idea, let
us oppose that foreign countries, instead of
selling us their goods cheap, should g Ve them
to us. What would be the consequence ?
Why, our utter ruin; for if it is injurious to
buy cheap, of.course it would be utier ruin to
get for nothing. Such is the logical conclusion
to which this argument necessarily lends ?a
conirtufcneriio ebsurd I shall not dwell longer
N^*?t-;f(ji^ the, third. In order that these
main fact Biff* nv?v succeed, they require you
to aiefce tKe.ec Isomer* of the country purt
./WL.'mSH.. _ ?; i j
cnluteTrmn (nam HI. h pnue eimniicrxi iu turter^etf
duV^tf/on the foreign article. What
justice Is tfae'rei in that? Why is It that one por
linn t?rth*<,jie"pfc should be compelled to buy
from another;portion, and a smaller portion, at
a higher pVb-U 0?an thev could buy elsewhere?
Why should flu fcgreat body of the American
|**g8^d to pay in the enhanced price
an indirect tax ?o t he manufacturers? Is there
anv justice in it! In reading the annals of the
middle ages, we are shocked when we are informed
that the iierce barons of those times
were wont to descend Irom their mountain
fastnesses and levy contributions from the people
of the valleys at the point of the sword.?
We considered they u-ere barbarians.
Now, what difference is there in principle,
whether you levy tribute at the point of the
sword or bv the legerdemain of legislation? ?
Suppose a direct tax was levied on the great
bildy of the American people to be paid over
asAiimtilit the manufacturer: would the
jMSftpls atanfifn? No, s^r; the very stones would
rise In mutiny against its payment. What is
.he; fhtterwif* jn^rinQijjie.wneuier yay -ao u
^A(TO^oP8tdin?ctlvT In out case you <!<t it
S in the other with concealment,
if yWaik what are the profits of the manufacturers,
uie reply is, "lliey do not make more
tft*tvdu* or seven per eent." After the honorable
gentleman froin Rhode Island [Mr, Durfee]
made his speech two weeks ajjp upon the sub
jeet of free wool, i asked him what were the
profits of the woolen manufacturers ? He said
'that the woolen manufacturer!) were losing
money, hut that the cotton manufacterers said
they were making six percent. What is the
result, then? Why, the great mass of the people
have been made poorer.to assist these men
in making average profits. A? the indirect
tribute levied from the consumers by the manufacturers,
only raises their profits to the aver '
aye prnfiis of the country, it follows, then< that
thia iii/tii-as.! trihllln It II tntul InCil tn thfl nrf)
...... ... r
dnctive energies of the country, and the effect
is'the same thing to the country an if, under a
free trade p<dicy, this amount had been thrown
ihto the sea.
I have thus gone through with the three propositions
involved in the demand for. protection;
as they are all fallacies, it follows that the system
resting upon them is also a fallacy. v
And here I would ask, what is the amount of
indirect taxes paid by the consumers of the
country to the manufacturers, under this protective
policy? It appears that, in the last fiscal
year, there were enough of cotton and woolen
goods, manufactures of iron, and sugar, produced
in \his country to make the indirect tax
upon them. nmoilot to 939,075,985?that is,
the price of these articles was enhanced to that
extent by the duty upon foreign articles of a
similar kind. In other words, we paid S39,975,985.
of indirect taxes to manufacturers
during^ the' last fiscal year. J3nt I am disposed
to be moderate, and I. will strike out the "nine,"
and call it, in round numbers, 930,000.000,
though tfie Secretary ofthe Treasury, in 1846,
estimated these indirect taxes at $50,000,000.
I pu< it ?r?30,000,i)00. Iti 1832, it wax ostium
ted ihnt the indirect, taxes paid up to that
time to the manufacturers was $240,000,000.
Supposing it to Hmountta 930,000,000 annually
t'rum tliHt time to the present. the total aiiin
up to the present time if. 91,000,000.000, in
round number*; and that is the amount which
the people of the United States have paid
I manufacturers in indirect taxes. Well, thai is
[ a vast mm! ?
Mr.,MILLSON. As I understand the gen
[ tletnan, he multiplies the domestic consumption
by the foreign tax. "
Mr. BOYGK. Certainly.
Mr. MILLSON... I would suggest to the
| gentletnatr, then, that upon bis principle the
amount of indirect .taxation upon woolen inan[
ufactures, cotton manufacturers, andiron man
ufactures, and atgtO* alone, would be upwards of
i 960,000.000, . J
Mr. B.OYCE.. I thank my friend frotn Vir|
giniafor the sajwrestion which ho has made. It |
I seems, therefore, according to the suggestion
I I.f mn fiinnrl Frn it. Vipilintu ikal IllHVP llllder
rated the indirect tAXHtion paid to the manufacturer*.
I put it at only $30,000,000 annually
Mr. STAN TON. Do I understand the gen
tlemHii'i* principle to be, that the domestic produce
is enhanced in price the amount of the
duty ?
MR. BOYCE. Precisely 60.
Mr. STANTON. And that all fabrics of
cotton manufacture are enhanced in price the
amount of duty above what they would bear
if there w-re no tariff, no matter whether any
commodity of the same kind was importedrfr
not? ' .
MR. BOYCE. Home products, naturally
cheaper than similar foreign products, are of
course in nowise affected by customs duties;
hut if the foreign product is cheaper than the
home product it is enhanced in price to the
extent of the duty. For instance, duties on
raw cotton would not affect the price of cotton,
but duties on cotton goods would do so. The
imposition ofdutieson foreign products implies
the belief that the foreign products is cheaper, 1
the fact of any such importations paying duties !
demonstrates the correctness of that belief, and
involves the enhancement of price on rival I
home products. I rest myself upon this aim '
pie idea, that there cannot be two prices of the 1
same commodity in the same market; and if it
for |
fy vrtjqM come n mticrrcheaper. It aeems I
me that the matter is very simple.
We ITT?MVI?. rt 1 wjiiiM qoIt iKo rrpn11 p.
""" ' ~ - ^ -j ? ?- B
nan from South Catsuit* how he would make
out that proposition wben sugar was selling in
the market at three 'cents'per pound, and the
import dotjr at the same time was also three
cents per pound?
MR. BOYCE, The reason is very obvious.
The duty of three per cent, under the circumstances
stated by the gentleman, must have
necessarily operated entirely to prohibit foreign'*
sugar, for it is absolutely impossible it could
be imported under a duty of three cents, and
sold (or three ceents. If such a state of things
existed pernianentlj' as the gontleman alludes.,,
to, the cheap price of the domestic sugar would
exclude the foreign sngar, ar.d the duty would,
under such circumstances, llhve no effect what
ever on the price. There can be no doubt of
this proposition, that one article can have but
one price in the same market at the same time.
If that iR not 60, why do gentlemen who rep
resent the manufacturing interest desire protection
? If these high duties upon foreign articles
do not increase the price of similar at tides
manufactured at home, why ask for high duties
upon foreign articles? Why exclude importation
I There can be no protection unless the
price is increased.
Sir, according to my idea the protective pniinv
?n fur ns the indirect taxes are concerned?
to say nothing of the injury caused to the coun?
try by the burden ? placed upon the exchanges,
and of the paralysis which the productive energies
of the country have received?has cost the
cpuniry to the present time, $1,000,000,000.
Well sir, that sum would do a great deal. The
interest of it would bnild all the railroads in^
the United States which we could. desircfFom
this time to the end of the World?the Pacific
railroad included. It would support the Gov.
eminent without taxation. It would'support
four navfes as large as our present one; and
what perhaps ii betler still,* it would give a
dowry to every poor girl in the IJnitecl States,
which would enable her, possibly, to get a good
husband. It would carry telegraphic wires to
every village in the United Slates. It would
clear out every river and harbor in the United
States; and it would build n good bouse for
evciy poor man in the United States. I do
not know where I would stop were I to enumerate
all the good which the interest of $1.000,000,000
would do to the United States.?
Yet, sir, this vast aarn has been sunk, hecanse
we have been dominated over by this manufacturing
interest.
I Jr. Franklin used to say that there might
possibly be such a thing as "paving too dear
for the whistle." It aires seem to me, though I
submit it with great diffidence, that we may
be "paying too dear for the whistle" of protection.
And here, let me ask, who has been
benefited by the loss of that IM,000,000,000?
In 1846, according to the report of the Secre
tary of the Treasury, there were ten thousand
capitalists engaged in manufactures, and four
hundred thousand operatives. Well, sir, sup-pose
that wo now double tlmt number.' Suppose
that We place at twenty thousand the capitalists
engaged in manufactures, and a:; etght Hundred
thousand the operatives. First, what do the
operatives receive for protection ? They do not
gain more than average wages. I appeal to
you, gentlemen, who represent manufacturing
interests, do the operatives gain more than average
wages? Hardly, I apprehend. The operatives
are in nowise better off than they would
have been without the protective policy, for
they would.have made, the same average rate of
wages in other employment. But there are
twenty thousand capitalists benefitted by it;
and to benefit these twentv thousand capital sts
we liavq lost $1,000,000,000. Now, U.liate
the most benevolent feelings in the world for
these twenty thousand capitalists ; but it seems
to rae that they tax us rather too high when
they charge us $1,000,000,000. It would be
better to peus'on these lords of the spindle at
once; better give them each a fortune, and let
them go, if we could thereby obtain the great
privilege of having our industry and exchanges
utitrammeled. So much on this point.
(concluded next week )
? ?
Tm Ship Fides Wrecked.?The ship
Fidc?, which has been reported off (his Bar
[ for some time, with a cargo of Salt from
[ Cagliari, in attempting to come in at the Ship
Bar yesterday, in tow of the steamer Aid, was
'struck by a stvere squall of wind which stopped
the progress of the tug boat and ship, both
of them falling off immediately, and the ship
fetching up on the South Breaker, where she
soon made water with great rapid ty, and has
since bilged. Both fessel and cargo yill be
nearly a total loss. The Fides was bound to
New York and putting into this port for repairs.
The officers and crew reached this city
yesterday afternoon in a pilot boat.
Charlcafah Standard.
MKMPniS and CuarlestoK" Railroad. ?MrArms,
chief engineer and superintendent of the
Memphis and Charleston Railroad says that
the connection .on - that road will certainly be
made by the mfddle of March or the first of
April. This is much sooner than wns??titicipated
by many, but Mr. Arms speukt with a full
knowledge of the subject and knows what he
says to be beyond all contingencies.
Knoxvillc Rf(]ista\ j
r
j
<
Bank Bill Found.
Just nineteen years ago, a gentleman then
esiding at Clio, Marlboro' District, in this State <
inclosed in a letter; a $20 bill, of the Merchant's
Bank of this place, te one of its officer*. The
etler was duly mailed at Clio Post Office. But
lever reached its destination. Upon enquiry
it the Post Office here, no such letter coilld be
round, neither the way bill which ought to have
tccompanied it. The letter and its contents,
;herefore, were given, up as lost.
Recently, we removed our Office to the build*
ng then occupied as the Post Office, and in
sweeping nut on Wednesday last, the long lost
letter, unopened, was swept into the street,
picked up and delivered to the Bank Officer, to
whom it was addressed. It was opened, and
there lay the twenty dollar bill safe and sound.
It was reenclosed in a new envelope,'with the
ktler-in winch ifrbad lafa sw long concealed, and
(orwarded to its owner, who resides at Bishopville,
who no doubt had long ere this ceased to
mourn its loss.
nmeit'tju jenra ?g?f inert; was t% pn.prr uui-.
rency called. "United States Bank.Bills," which
had a wider reputation .tfcin 'flf iffiti^q-^
lions of less pretensions, jihdjwIR^to^obtaui
one of these, that the Merokaiijs Bank BiH- was
sent to one^of its officers.
Ilad this bill been loaned at 7 per cent, it
would 'hate yielded its owner 8*20, which
anrj'ount he has lost. Though buried in rubbish
t^is..twenty dollar bill has not been idle.. Its
owner's loss has been the gain of others.'' The
Bank has reaped the profits due to its owner.
It has declared dividends upon it for all the
tim& it has been lost. A marked exemplification
of the proverb, "that srbat ever is one man's
gain is another man's loss."
Cherato Gazette.
r
f "
Chkbaw and Coalfield Railroad.?We
have tho pleasure of announcing to oor
readers the fact, that the North Carolina Leg
islature, at its recent session, chartered a company
to construct a Railroad from Carbonton,
in that Slate, to Ibe South Carolina line, in the
direction of this place, to be called the "Che
raw and Coalfields Railroad ."As an indication
ot the importance attached to this link of internal
improvement and of its popularity in that State,
we will state the fact tbfct, in the Senate, com
posed of-fifty Senators,~but ten voted against It,
and in the House, composed of one hundred and
twenty members, but tVPenty nine voted against.
- t -f __-L ....i
II. A (I)easure Ul SUUU liuuuuuuru pvpuiamj
must have intrinsic meritofits own, upon which
that popularity is based.
We have not yet seen the charter, but are
thfbrnied by one of its mort arduous supporters,
that it is quite liberal in its provisions. By a
clerical error, which the enemies of the bill
bang their furlon hopes of its defeat upon, it
provides thai 82.000,000;ofstocks ball ?>e subscribed
before the company can be or?an?ze<f, ttisfeAd
of?200,000asin the original bill. Upon the
diSfeftVfery of this error, the most reliable judicial
talent of the State was consulted, the result of
which was, that it was not .of material disadvantage
to the organization of the company.
The leading features of the charter are these:
It is to continue for ninety-nine years, and it is
not to be taxqjl above that of all other roads in
the State. Its track to be the South Carolina
gauge, so that coal trains may pass to the seaboard
without changing cars. ,
The people of North Carolina,-who are most
!n eoAitrinrr on Yitltlof ftnfl ft
uccjujt iiitvicaicu in ow^umu^i... wmv.w
market for their vast and -valuable mineral
wealth, have succeeded in obtaining a charter,
and it is now" for them and others who are to be
benefitted to take immediate steps to organize
the company, and build the road. Nor can we
dogbt for a moment that they will do so. And
as Charleston; the Northeastern Road and the
Cheraw and Darlington Road*are all deeply
interested, as well'as the,people of North Carolina,
in the early completion ofthe Cheraw and
Coal Fields Road, *we trust prom (It action by
all parties will at once be taken.
We feel it to be our duty to devote our best
energies to the work; and at an early dar we
intend'to give a brief history "of the Coal Fields
?of more recent explorations?ofitsvahieio
the commercial world, and of the easy access
to their inexhaustible treasures by the proposed
road. We shall urge the necessity of the road
to the development of the unbounded natural
resources of one: of the most fertile and pro*
ductive regions of North Carolina.
The charter has be6U granted, and we^Shy
most emphatically that the road must be built;
and that we do invoke#th? aid of every one interested
to an early and united effort to build it.
/TI n ni
u iter aw ixazcuc.
. -
"WAlkino Papers/'-Out frionds at Wndosboro'
N. C.. (says the Pee Dee Herald) during
?!ie last week held a meeting. ajjcl^ with satisfactory
evidence before them, came to the coo
elusion that a man nnnied Anderson, was a
dangerous man to the community, that he was
an abolitionist, that ho had been tampering
with negroes, and that he had been expressing
his' abolition sentiments rather too freely.?
Upon these grounds, they passed a. resolution
that he should leave the town within a given
sp.sce of lime ; he did leave, and passed
through this place on his way to: somewhere.
That's the way to act. We cannot Be too
vigilant, but should every mau act, a sentinel
on our respective Watch Towers. Our. county
is flooded with nigger sfiriekers, disguised
in every shape and form, and the sooner wo
are rid of them t^e.bettor. Keep the ball a
moving. '
Vali r Or 8c;pcp ?Orange or lemon juice
left upon a kttfft'jilr otter piece qftfon will, in
a few days, pr'oduce"t:?X?itv so nearly reeem^^
ling that caused by b1b?fcto?. io d<*C?ive. thV
most careful observer; and not many years ag?
in Paris, a man was nearly convicted oftnurdffll
owiiig to a knife being found in his possession
stained with what was pronounced by se^ral
witnesses to bo blond, but afterwards discovered
to bo simply lime juice. ' \
^ "*
\
We learn that Gen. Win. Wallace, of Blount
was elected, at the recent.meeting of the Board
of Directors, President of tho Knoxville and
Charleston Railroad Company, vice \V. G.
Sw at), resigned.? Knorr'tlh Rc<fi#tcr. ,
*
f . ?
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An AffectingScettc. *
A Vyasfjington correspondent of the Mont- ?91
cotnery, (Ala.) Advertiser and State (faulty ' . flfl
describes a truly touching scene that occurred 8H
over the dead body of the lamented Brooks; KM
Indescribably painful must have been the death - jBj
of one so loved to the venerable and de'voted M
Judge Butler. t No wonder that he wept like * r HK
child, for within the wide range and circle of J
Mr. Brooks' acquaintances none "knew but U**. - ^
love him, hone named him.but to praise."
No one having even the common sensibilities
of our nature, can. read what follows unmoved:
About ten minutes after his death, the veoer- '
able old Senator, wbose locks are now whit* of feafc*
with the frosts of age, came into the room, mid ' &
upon seeing him cold in the embrace of death; ' t
threw himself upon his bosom and weptas if.Itm
heart would burst from its bounds.. Judge Buttier
hrtd lavished the attention and flflection of J jfij
many, years upon Mr. Brooks, and he seemed td
be thC important object of bis solicitude and
existence, and while thedaath swe$t still stood ?
upon the brow of the immortal sleeper, the old
man called to. the fleeting .spirit-in tones ofsor- s
row, that moved the pitying hearts of those who ' _\
stood round to tears?uMy-boy, ray boy, mjr
boy T' and such ascene of mourning mid sorrow,
as was witnessed there, cannot be comprehended,
much less repeated here. '
Bine, Rldgc Rail Road.
'. We have been informed, from a reliable soared ?-4
that a good deal <Xexcitement prevails in Anderson
and Pickens aistrict*, in relation to this
Important enterprise, !^)d tbat active exertions
are being made to raise the amount required
by the State as the condition of its second
subscription of $500,000. , Anderson, it is said; ^ '
will subscribe $12,000; Pendleton and its neighborhood
$12,000; and Walhalla #20,0001?. . *. " v
Clayton is also aroused to the necessity of
doing somethiog, and will, we learn, subscribe
$10,000; and most of the contractors Wiifad^ to
the amount of stock taking by Uiera in
menl for work.
We have been permitted to make -tire following
extract from a letter dated AndersdiT;
the 8th of Februaryi . "Since
we returned from Charleston; we hard ^
held rail road meetings, at Feodleton and WaU:
halla. Our proposition to raise $70,000, in the < $
upper country, has met with the mosi^atitering
reception. A considerable amoiint wast
subscribed promptly at both places, and committees
appointed to canvass the country for .
ai<i. There is an appointment, for a masd nfeet> '
ing at Walhalla on Saturday neat, at, Which, _ -hi
time we hope to rai*C the subscription at;that * ,A"
place to $20,000. We feel certain that we shiil.
he able to redeem- our pledge to the Board of
Directors at an early day." ?. >r ? '
With these encouraging tidings in rel;*tioi;, .
to the subscription, we also IqkWtbot aatitf^-; "
prog res tory is m A i ng ?pr t he tu twieis: Tb^*worfe " '
is going on at both extremities in the
nel, and the first shaft is ad nearly sunk to the.
grade line that the heading has beSd Jddmmeac.
ed in both directions, an<{ several gangs e?n bow.
be worked at tl>e same time, and there Wtatqtf, *- "' .
motive, certainly, under circumstances so. ea? *
couraging, to persevere in this great wqrk; and
if thin Road will do jfos Charleston what iu
friends claim, we hope that.the-adiR peCoserJ, '
to be raised to secure the sopond Sute sub-j *,
scription will not be withheld^,, .? . \ .1 !
Charleston Courut;Gen.
Washington's Artlflcfal tceli
A paragraph stating that Genf Washington "
wore artificial teeth, hag-elicited the' following
curiou9. statement." . That
same set ot teeth changed not only
the counienance i>ut tu^ enanwjier oi yvaspwigton,
as the latter is generally understood.?
Everybody has noticed the marked differehiei ^|H|
between the''Stwt''and the *^runrtbtfl)wpor.
traits. The latter is by far thd mpat'spirfTed, "l|n
and martial looking face, yet 'for Somb reasoh' HEm
or other i( has never been the pofiuUr fator- ggj
ite. The peculiarity of the Stuart plctori, fa ID
the unexpressive, grandmotherly rridittkf which
one sees to this day in al! the engravings'. But VH
this face was hot Washington's, btlt tfa? an \ jvB|
exaggeration,'or distortion rather^ produced by
his artificial teeth, which entirety Changed the
expressioti df his copriter.aiKJe; giving, it'a oeV
?nin 1/irttr nf tti/tikrubtl hflni<rnitV* that la nftt 1
foiind in the Tranibuli likeness, pihfted, before ^
thb dentist hud earned his "five bundred-'dollarsj"
by a job which, though very well in those
days, would now be reckoned a bungling piece
of workmanship * j'-"1
These facte, though I have not seen thenr irf
any biography of Washington, are as well atf*
tiicnticitted, as his patriotism, or coiutroni/ctt-gencralship.
Tmmbull and Stuart were itticustomed
to talk of the m/rtter' together; and *
in the correspondence of the latter there* isTErf
allusion to the artificial teeth and the strifcWg
change they made in the appearance 'of the
wearer. It may be owing to the fact that the
American people like to contemplate the gentle
qualities of Washington, rather tharr hi$ stern
and heroio virtues, that they bafe always con
-?'i J kJ.:4 > it
siuerea me aenueiB porirjtu, n me iruo uur,
though,- in troth, it is as falsa as ihe teeth which
distort it, The fault was not Stuart's who
painted hi'illustrious sitter as he (bund him} .
but he haA the misfortune to attempt the beta's
likeness "in spite of his teeth," and the result
was such as might be expected. '
* - ^ i
Tiik Greenville Gollboks.?The' F'utawiii
University and the .Baptist Female College have
opened this session under the most fluttering
circumstances. We understand tlfc Institution
.has a prospect of three hundred and fiftj'J The '
^r^feseors, in both College have/ by their
islenfa, attainments an J devotion to lhe|r. school ~
ricbljr itVeriUii the success which awaits them.
^ <? Mountaineer.. .}'
. Pennsylvania are ?o hardup forhusbands4hat '
1 they sometimes take up with ptblters and 'fow* ^
! ' '
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Wm: : ? A