The Camden weekly journal. [volume] (Camden, South-Carolina) 1853-1861, December 05, 1854, Image 1
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VOLUME XV. CAMDEN, SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUES)AY MORNING, DECEMBER 5,1&54. NUMBER 49.
? ? i
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
THOMAS J. WARREN.
\ TERttS.
Two Dollars if paid in advance; Two Dollars and
Fifty Cents if payment be delayed three months, and
Throe Dollars if uot paid till the-expiration of the year.
ADVERTISEMENTS will be inserted at the following
rates: For one Square, (fourteen lines or less,)
seventy-five cents for the first, and thirty-seven and a
half cents for each subsequent Insertion. Single insertions,
one dollar per square; semi-monthly, monthly
and quarterly advertisements charged the same as
for a single insertion. * ,
number of insertions desired roust be noted
on tho margin oJ all advertisements, or they will be
published until ordered' discontinued and charged acordingly.
Miscellaneous.
The Attack upon Sebastopol.
The following graphic description of the attack
upon Sebastopol on the 17th, is fr?m the
correspondent ofthe-London-Morning Herald:
English Camp, Oct. 18.
It 'was half past 6. The enemy had been
quiet for the last few minutes; b"th sides seemed
preparing for an effort, when suddenly volumes
of smokes and flashes of fire broke out
simultaneously from ever) part of our lines?
the shot and shell screamed hoarsely, tlirough
the air, and with a reverb, ration which seemed
to shake hoth heaven and earth, ?mr attack .on
Sebastopol conum-need. Apparenti\ neither
surprised nor daunted, tie- enemy returned 'indischarge^ith
d"ijl?le vignf.and then Ik.?tIT K?i
glish, French, Turks and Russian- lw to work
at the guns in right can est. The fi *t vol!, f
showed us what no soul in i I;<t a my hail
hitherto been certain about, viz; . ? .-is.- n
ture, both of our works and tin- in m\ -. and i
atn sorry to say it a!-??. showed tii-.t, even
in earthwork batteries thrown up i e we
came here, the Russians immense.y out-num
bered the allied lines.- Not only were there
extensive entrenchments, mounting-25 and 30
heavy cannon, but on every heght and nage
guns of heavy cali're were placed in battery.
I have been informed that the extensive natme
of their works completely astonished our g?-ne
rats, and we are by no means sure that we have
. seen theip-all yet, for dining yesterday; tie-It
ones were frequently immasked in plai-es totally
unexpected. * * * It is needless t?>
say that 10 minutes after the tiring commenced
both our line and the enemy's wore shrouded in
thick smoke ; yet before tit at jmok place, .each
of the batteries had singled out i;s antagonist.
The Lancasterguns fell to.w- . . upon the Round
Tower, while tiie six and two '_' :n batteries with
one side of the < V e 'v 1 J I earthworks.
Tlie 1. i t . g i <u: nt-.
opened on the Twelve * oil i? 1 >. .n
with the second far- ?>i" the <' i. 11. rterv. j
while the remaining face. wiili i?m. i.u- < ! (lie j
(ireen Moiind^I?:iltei y,%oiniuei:ec<l i] ri>
doubt and r^ijjf) wall. The Fu nrh <T7re< *<continuous
?limver of hall on such of the Kns |
sian vessels as iHey eould scr, while ut d:u same j
time their other works bravely replied to the j
overpowering volley of their lofty csssai'ants, j
the Flagstaff batteries. Before the smoke in- j
tervencd, each side had got an accurate range, ]
and from half past 0 until near 8, shot and shell I
roared through the air incessantly, and the J
earth literally shook under the tremendous j
concussion of the guns. Each minute fresh
guns came into play, and each minute added
l A I _ /* ll .t .
s 10 me iary 01 me uproar.
Conspicuous among the din could be plainly
heard the Lancaster guns. Their sharp crack,
different from the other guns, was like that of
a yifle among muskets, lJut the most singular
effect was produced by its ball which rushed
through the a:r with a noise and regular beat
precisely like the passage of a rapid express
train at a few \ aids distance. This peculiarity
excited shoats of laughter among our men who
instantly iiiekiuuned it the express train; : nd
only by that name is the gun known. The
effect of the shot se nn-d most terrible. From
'I'af.'iiing noNe, |he b ill could be distinctly
traced by the ear to the spot where it struck,
when stone or earth alike went down before it.
A battery of29 or 3!) such guns would destroy
Sebastopul in a week. Unfortunately, from a
short supply of ammunition, we can only afford
to mount two. and even thn<e are only fired
once in eight minutes.
At 8 o'clock the firing was d afening. and
about that time a breeze siruog up from the
south, which "cleared awav the -inoke: and nl
lowed us a full view of what was going on.
Our friend in the Ron d ow r was th<yi l?ar"
Iy recognisable, the d-urate attentions of lie
Laneaster gun having efFe- ted a ?M?st <; **
able change in it? apeeaiatiee "a* I !
Strength N"l a sn|i'i. i rei-inine !
the four gun? w hich were v lli, ?wii_nii?l'
lay about like dead horses. Huge h.-'es we?e
also visible in it- -ide. whe-e masses of tie.
. solid masonry xv.e-e <li-b>d h ' ?>-t thworks
around the tower v-1 t d -i':?-d with
e ?l ~ -t. .. i .. .... ...i .i.;
SOUL irum UK oilier Iiillli < > ! < 'lit! VIII ,
remained much the suiif. Btvv?.ii these,
works and the redan wall, and the Twelve A
postles on the one side, ai*d our ? rown and
Greeninound batteries on the other, an nwfu
fire of shells was being interchatiged, but most
of the enemy's as, usual, hurst in the air. On
the left the French were gallantly maintaining
a splendid fire against the flag staff Batteries,
but from the com anding posit ion of the latter
and the 10 gun battery which completely flank
ed our allies, it was evident tln-y were' fight'ng
at a disadvantage.
As the view I lean dr It e L mcasler-Jiiii on
our right redoubled iis tin o the lower. I
never taw such firing. F.ve-y shot fe1 upon
the building, and the offin-r* of all ranks, who
were watching the attack from the house, were
speculating how long the mw c -nld leiul.
when suddenly there came an eXpheion. > li e
n lima -.11 ..??
iw? a aitinuil ?i|i I t' 11 r " . " ""
row we saw a den?e mas- of siih?'? <?
over one of the French batteries th>' ?which
we guessed but too trulv?the flank hie
of the 10 gun battery had succeeded in blowing
up one of the magazines, killing several men,
and doing serious injury to the works. Thus,
af the moment when it was most needed, one
of the French batteries was competed to cease
firing* nor did it again resume goring the rest
of the day. About this time* 9 o'clock, we
could see the fleet in the of&ng, making prepa.
rations for an attack. All tlie steamers wer
being lashed alongside the line of battle ships
though more than this'it was impossible to see
as the wind fell, and the smoke again collectei
in dense masses over the whole scene. Thing
continued in this state until about 11 o'clock
when it'ljhcame evident that the fire of th
French on'our left had slackened considerably
and was falling off still more every minute.?
T he fact was, the commanding position of th>
enemy's batteries left our allies no chance.?
They suffered so heavily while working thei
gnns that it became folly to persevere, and a
length, bv order of their command.er, the met
were withdrawn, and the fire of the Frencl
ceased. As it did so, that of the fleet com
niencetl. Through t he <nv?ke over the the liar
bor wo could hardly perceive the masts one
funnel of a large screw line of battle ship
which, without filing a shot, stood in until hei
j broadside was wit hin 200 yards of one of th<
I principal fortresses at the north of the harbor,
j Then her guns began to roar loud above the
i hellish din which seemed to rend the very sky.
j The vessel whfch performed this gallant ex
ploit was French, and I believe the Montebello.
I 120, the crew of which suffered so dreadfully
from cholera while at Varna. From the moment
she arrived alongside the fort, her sides
j seemed literally on fire; so rapid, so incessant,
: were her tiers of guns discharged. At the
same moment; all our batteriec, to effect a diversion
in her favor, redoubled their fire; while
'lie Russian flag staff battery began again upon
the abandoned French lines. This time, unfortunately
the enemy assailed the latter with
dreadful effect. One Russian shell, by ill-luck,
dropped and exploded full upon the reserve
m gazine of tin* principal French battery. The
effect was instantaneous and awl'nl. About 20
ton- of powder, with shell and rockets in proportion.
instantly ignited, and the earth seemed
to heave as the greater pari of the battery, with
]() g ids. ana nearly all the men were hurled
'high into the air. Haidly liad the stunning
I report whie i the last catastrophe produced,
| ceased i" vibrate upon I lie ear, when, following
! ihe M"? tebello, four more French screw liners,
J each having another in low, flushed up lo the
! tori - What the allied Heels did you will hear
'of lorn oiln-r correspondents. Wherever the
(i <? wa most awtid an I incessant wherever
j i pea ed t<> deal the gees', '->1 amount of death
and destruction ituoiig the etlerm?then- was
sure t.?? lie sc?n the r eoeh tri-enh.f fl\ i.ig conspicuous
above ad. At iio time during the day,
in conseijuepcc of intercepting objects, did we
evgr catch a glimpse of an Hnglish Hag.
As each : rem h line came in, she added in-r
j i'lpccs I't In" ! ' c nous roai'of
th i . ; I n - a i i - . 'I he >ceiic
Was ? . c Iv . di-li * I lie. no hole was
; old (III ho ill Slio ko. Wll ell >'t...|||c(| to -?ut
1 t i> I ?! ilo 11.. !? % I' I 1^ I iin CAimuin
< <">; imI -lii II w;is pik. gh i<> miike one's
it i :i ; I <tn ? nd N" wot*!- of mine could
i|n jn-'i c to paoal. oxi!ii:uii. Lei yoni
?cider- niiag n.-Til |ea-l 4,0<K) pieces of tlte
heavie iu J in tirr wot jo, (]- i sfi?-rf ntnr
rochet- witli'-lit a -eeond's inter ni-sion. Tli>
air -eonted one perpt inal exp'o ion, 'nit i t the
m dst of wltieli singular enough, the ppiuliui
i jerking scream of the Ltineasie -hcli e?xd<i bj
plainly heanl.
Our hatteries were in fill ' " 'j?c
ed t'? engage more limn a ! > o il in
enemy's attention ; for tin- twelve Apostlewhich
were coinplelel. sbelh red by land from
the attack of the French -nips, and quite
as completely sheltered from everything hut
one of the Lancaster guns, began to drop
red hot hollow shot into die Ctown battery
The "effect of thi- w a- soon appea eat. Before
a dozen had been fired, one of them hounded
and struck a spare ammunhion wagon full of
powder, whieh it in>tai tly exploded. The
shock was not. so -eveu* as it might have been,
for the powdei was cnnipar.itivoiy ntironfiued.
it ol course kilk"! a few of oin uirii. but trie
works of tilt* battery were uninjured. The
Hussions set up tremendous < iieers.?lien the)'
saw the explosion, us they diik^lien the batteries
of our allies bl^w up, imagining they
had done us the same mUcliiel. Their mirth,
however, was but short lived. While in the
acj of cheering, a shell froiri the Lancaster
lodg- d (I presume so) in the magazine of the
redoubt in front of the redan wall. The ex
pl'-sion which followed was appttlling. It
ntadti the stoutest man's blood run cold. A"
first it seemed as if the whole ol JSebastopol
was envelo e?l' the ruins; live minutes after,
wlien the h?o oartli and > ioike cleared away
and allowed to see the extent of the mis .
. . ... _ . ...II. i. '_i . : i
r.?iri, \vr &;i ? \ n iuiiu remained
w : the j>r; b ?!? ?lit had stood and that a
l>.t I in- ted wall was blown
i.iai ; > stuiiiiini* ap, i-uied tr.e effects of the
t. i Hue blow to Hit* eiieo ), tn.-il it was some
mi inte-? before I hey fired a single gun. When
tiiey did, they concentrated their whole fire
upon the battery where tin'- fatal Lancaster gun
w is placed, bu in vain, it was quite out of
rang--, and their shot stoppe rolling nearly
two hundred ya d< in ?.? 1 e of the battery.
Seeing this the Ru ??i-ui wisely gave up the
attempt t<? reach it, .1 tin bed their attention
t the Fr iiehll -i. deli indeed required it.
During all tin tt neir fire, iiMend of slackening.
bad attter i ivi-asml,'and it was evident
from the perpetual th.i ders they s tit forth,
that one or the tn'e party'lhusf soon give 111.
f 1 it wis .on ible lo < (|| i
rate ag mg 1. W' v e
to vv -old j ' 11,
fo the smoke w e r
.1 w a _ . a i ii!
v 1 |e ing 1 ' if
i e Russian 1 .i i i ? J ' 'I . J a l
at this JUyini-iii the 001 e 1 away, and
j loth torct-aiiu tl- h> c?*ui <li> i . ly >ee t-acfc
I > her TheFieue ves el- la . >ti tim- t'?>r-s t?
M?uib of lilt' uarb-T. An<>tlu*i demclnneiil
ii* ship-. ere at' teking those t?
Ir.f i.ortn The sm -ke w.i- *ti i inn tlii. k t?
iiiiow tis i.? make out the (bias ofthe-e latter
hut we had no douht they weie English.
The batteries tit the motilh of tlie liarhoi
mount tlnee Iter- of guns, the uppe ino-i .nni
on the root, being open like oidiuai > butteries
the two low- r tiers are ea-emateu, mi . inj
almost level with the water's ??igi . i n,. vne
my had completely abandoned 'In- g.<ns on tin
roof, many of which were d|8thou.,te<hrainl thi
works much cut up; but the caaemaied gun
-: - '. - .: :v &&? t
>
* .
e seemed little injured, and as the smoke cleared
i, away they attacked the fleets with redoubled
>, vigor. We could also see that some earth
d works had been thrown up-to flank the forts,
s which were pouring a destructive fire upon the
fleet. ^
s Thfr snioke soon hid all again, and the battle
>t .raged with as much fury as before until dusk.
- The cannonade then seemed to slacken, and
e before night had almost entirely ceased. The
T5* l!_L. A ~*l ~ mamam /mrtoarl- fhalr fifO !
CiUgilSU miireiiciiiiitfiibs ucvei ycnoc-j ui?i> ?..w,
r though as a matter of course, it slackened much !
t as the darkness increased,
i Oct. 21.?We have had nearly fifty deserters
i come in to day. One of them, is an English j
. Engineer, who has lived some years in Sebus-1
. topol. He siys that the Russians are dismay 1
ed by the precision of our fire; aud that our
. shells fail in the batteries with such terrible
p effect as that it is now with difficulty that they
; can keep the men to their guns. He also said
, that during the combined attack ou the 17th,
. they lost a large number of men ; more than
, 2,01)0 had been buried already ; ami the hospitals
were full. Most of the inhabitants have
, left the town, and their houses were occupied !
by the soldiery, among whom, since our fire I
upon the houses, we have done considerable
execution. Every preparation has been made |
for repelling an assault?the pavement of the ,
streets broken up?deep trenches dug, and barricades
thrown up, defended by artillery. In |
t>n*a i\f n riifrkt (lTOP17 CnlfHpr hjlS his
appointed post; parties have been told off for
reserves for extinguishing fires and defending
houses.
The allies are no doubt in want of fresh
troops. The effective British force is not more .
than 1G,000, so great has been the void made
by battle and disease. No less than 9,000
men are dead or /tors dc combat in the last eight
weeks. More Turkish troops are being sent
up; to day the Golden Fleece arrived here
from Volo, with 2/100 troops, who wero engaged
in opposing the Greek invasion. But
it cult! be wished that reinforcements of a better
class could arrive from Portsmouth or
Marseilles. * .
From Washington*
Washington, Nov. 24, 1854r
Ail increase -in our army is by the ad minis*
| 11.-.lion deemed as indispensable as an increase
i in the navy. In conformity with this want, it
will, no doubt, be recommended to add to our
; cavalry and infantry force?say two regiments
j in each. There is no deficiency I believe in
! the artillery
Th?* Imiidins: of new vessels of war over and
.I aln?ve fiie* s x u*i<11 i<?i ;iI steam frigates now
emit.acted tic, <nd af> >ut to be ready ill the
coui*e""of he c ui'.g \i ar. will also be reconimen*led.
Tin-,, j. both wisdom and forecast
in such a recommendation.
The National llo-pit.d for the insane in the
District and in the army and navy will be all
I completed with 8100,000. The patients of
i the !M>irict are now in the Maryland Hospital
md at the Mount Mope Institution at_ Haiti
more. Tor tiirac, acTOiiiinodaibhis will tie"
ready he emit the 1st of January next, and the
whole ? s a lislimei t, leadv for the leeepli ?n
of all the categories ah--ve named, will be com
pi ted on the 30th of June fid lowing. The (
nil-lint* will enntaiii accommodations for 85
oaiient% wiili >lH.-er-i. at ten hint'., physiei.uis
and servant.-. 2!) patients belonging to the
army and navy are now scattered -.ll oyer the
Union, and .53 ' indigent insane ae now in
the Baltimore institutions, while II are detain
ed in iaiI in this e.itv : 84 will be entitled
- - ... J? v/. -- ?J I
t<? the bencfits-of the new institution jis originally
designedt It will be the model inslitu
tion of that sort in the country.
An appropriation of $10,000 will be wanted
for the penitentiary of the District to pay iK
debts. Appropriations were made in 1840 and
1847 to discharge the debt of the institution,
and it has now decreased to the sum named
without any means to discharge it, except by
an appropriation from Congress, which will lie .
asked. An increase in the number of guards
is also required, as will appear from the fact
that in 1840 there were 40 convicts, with only
0 persons to watch them. In 1853 the number
of -onvi ts had increased to 100, while ihe^
number of persons to guard them had dwin-'j
died down to 8. No wonder then, if not long
ago, a convict made his escape in open day
from the penitentiary of this city.
Among the most satisfactory things connected
with the administration of the,public busi- i
ness is undoubtedly the.fact that the revenue
of the fieneral Post Office is now regularly in- j
creasing, while the expenses of the Depart
ment are diminishing. This process cannot go
on much longer without one meeting the other.
Mr. Cueto, the Spanish minister, who met.
with ;i sad accident on Wednesday last, is, I
am glhd to inform you, doing well. No for*
eign diplomatic has in so short a time made:
himself so universally acceptable bo^i to otii- J
cial and private circles. During hit^rief rcsi- ]
deuce in Washington he has already acquired
a perfect knowledge of the American la1 guago.,
Fillmore Defending iiis Position.?The j
.Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, with the view ,
of vindicating ex President Fillmore's consist
ency on tin- slavery question, reproduces ilie
whole <*f his celebrated letter to the "AntiSlavery
Society of the. County of Erie," in
whi' h he answers all the interrogatories pro
pounded him affirmatively, and favora !y to
ilie Abolition cause. The New York Evening
' P.-si *a\sit altuehes great importance to thi>
exp nii.iiioii, as it "shows that the late Pre*ident
ha* a'-andoiied all hope of doing anything (
1 wiiliou' th<'aid. of Northern Whigs, and has j
' no hope o ' getting their support without re- :
' suining his original anti-slavery opinions."
, ?
Flour to China.?This is a cheering feat
t in.. < i ..ur?.i,;.. cut .i.ii.i Pi.uif in rthinn" for
m-ti-ad or" gold i.-uviiig the country to pay for
? um, >ugiir >pice>, silks, shawls, and other
. necessaries and luxuries, we. send the products
of our soil and the labor of our hands. This
is what builds up our State . Four thousand
' quarter sacks of California flour from the Eu
; reka Mills were sold yesterday by the Messrs
; Friedlander & Co., at satisfactory prices,
- (about $9 per bbl) to sfiip to China. Other
s shipments of like character will sh?-rtIjy follow;
t* and thus, at length, California ha* lie ohm- an
s exporter of breadstuff*.?Sau Francisco Herald.
4? -' . } ; v
* . J V j(L' i'w * _
4 ,
The Sandwich Islands.
Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands,
September 1G, 1854.
Honolulu is very quiet at present, and busi
hess dull, for the whalers which crowd thii
port (juring the Arctic winter have not yet ar
rived, though the first arrival.was u month ear
lior last year. ^
Politics fonn the all-absorbing theme jus
now. The annexation and fillibusteringf par
[ tics are the two great heads, and out of thenc
I soring many minor parties;?the inciepcnntjp
Republic Men, the Royalists, &c. But of all
parties the Annexationists aro by far tliestrong
er. ami composed of the more respectable class
of American residents. The community is
In^ld in not a little excitement by the report ol
a fillibustering party now organizing in Cnliforhia,
destined for the capture of these islands,
Tin; government, as is reported on good authority,
has received official warning to be on
its guard from Gov. Bigler, of California. By
every vc.-sel fiom the coast adventurers arrive
very doubtful character and intentions, to
say the least, and some of whom are well
known to be here on filibustering business.?;
The chief matter of doubt seems to-be, not
whether a filibustering expedition is actually
projocted in California, but in what particular
manner this formidable organization will make
its first appearance. Should they come down
from the coast en masse, like General Lopez
or'President Walker, the Hawaiian Government
would instantly throw itself upon the
United States for protect'on, and become a
part of that country. In this case the United
States sloops of war St. Mary's and Portsmouth,
now lying in this harbor, are amply
sufficient for the protection of the islands from
any loree me uniousteis coma uring into me
field. 13uL there are two other more insidious
' n J dangerous plans which the lillibusters njay
adopt: The one is by coming over as passengers
in small parties and mingling and identifying
themselves with the citizens as much as
possible, and at a given signal creating a riot
which should take the form of a civil revolution,
and with which the naval power of the
United States could not interfere t<j prevent;
the other is by making tools of the sailors
who arc landed to the number of severaKthousands
from the whaling fleet, and who are always
ready for anything.
This formidable body of men have several
times had the town in their possession .and the
Government at their mercy; the last instance of
which occurred in the riots two years since.?
By either one or a union of both these schemes
the filibusters might, in less .than twenty-four
hours, overthrow the existing Government and
establish another before any armed force from
the United States could obtain a right to interfere.
To such a revolution the Government
c<>uld not offer a moment's effectual resistance.
Considerable alarm was felt the other day by
a report that a huge quantity of arms had arrived
fromiSan Francisco by the schooner Lady
Jane, ami afl the military were ordered under
ill"'!'1? Tuis proved to be a false alarm, however,
arising from the finding of several pairs of
revolvers in passing the baggage of one of the
passengers of the Lady Jane through the custom
house.
The policy of the existing Government is evidently
to hold out as-long as it is able to sus
lain 11Self, and when a cri-is arrives to throw
it-ell into tlie arms of the United States.?
t'rtnce Alexander, the heir annarent to the
* . .
throne, is young arid ambitions, and of' course
one ul' the chief'opponents of any plan which
may deprive him wf his birthright. Bui it is
plain that the Government cannot exist many
years as it now is. The*nativo race itself is
becoming extinct with such great rapidity, that
it is estimated that iu thirty years hence there
will not be a full blooded Hawaiian on the isl
ands. Of course, in this stale of affairs, it
seems but natural that the Ubited Stated
should adopt the child to whose nourishment
and growth she has so much contributed.
The question whether the United States
wants these islands we leave to you at home
to decide, being confidenl that sooner or later
they will offer themselves to you, and that, too
ypcaceably and without bloodshed, except it
Tfnay be in a fight with the fillibusters, tingland
does not want them ; France is content
with her large possessions in the Pacific among
the Society Islands. Tho question i.-, do \uu
want the Sandwich Islands?
Cor N. T. Cour. and Enq.
> ?
Tiie Musquito Terhitory.?The meditated
expedition to Central America, under Col.
Kinney of Texas, may lead to important results.
He is to be the local agent of the Cm
tral American Land and Mining Company,
which claims to be the sole and - rightful pos
sessor of San Juan and all the surrounding territory
for three or four hundred miles up and
down the coast. The views of Col. Kinney
are understood to be of a filibustering charac
ter. He and 1^ rangers will assert the title of
their principals to the Mosquito country by
tlie.-6trong hand if necessary : and will receive
a million or so of acres as their fee for so valuable
a service. But it may be doubted whether,
in these degenerate da) s, working-men are
not more essential to the foundation of empire
than fightingmen. The establishment of a tew
hundred sharp-eyed American riflemen in that
region, however,.will have a tendency to adjusl
some of the troublesomavquestions which have
foi a number of years disturbed our relations
with CVntiul America.? Correspondence of thi
Courier and inquirer. -?
Casualty. - Mr. Henry Eggeos, an assistant
up.ui the freight train of cars from Charles
ton jeateiday, after the cars had started, aboul
nine miles below' Columbia attempting to pass
from the tender to the engine, slipped, fell anc
received injuries in the fall which terminated
his existence in a few moments. This unfor
tuftiate -iudix iilual, we learn, hns a family re
siding in New York.? Columbia Times.
n
?
Great are he uses of whiskey. Great anc
manifold are its nlessiugs. Its riches are pasi
cnmpt-lii inn. It is bread to the hungry. It ii
ia intent to the naked. It is jo}' to the heavy
ii -.tried. It i- gold to the penniless. It feed:
tie fiies of the j ntriot's heart. It kindles tlx
eivt.r of religion. It -makes man happy node
a.I circumstances?? Cayuga Chief.
'r . ? J*.
- / <
MESSAGE NO. 1.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
Columbia, Nov. 28, 1854.
Gentlemen of the Senate
and House of Representatives: , |
Under the uniform action of our system of.
government, without strife or confusion, new
members to the General Assembly have been I
chosen, to represent the latest views of the peo- 1
Ppfe of-this Commonwealth, and otherwise to I
provide for their happiness and welfare. Although
this event is of regular recurrence, jt is
nevertheless, one full of interest both to you
and your constituents. . >/
' In a country like this, so rapidly growing,
* and developing each day new events and fresh i
resources, the legislative mind tnay well be i
anxious, lest, bv the omission of some act? !
' the neglect of some doty?the progressive
strides of the State towards wealth and power
may, for a space, be retarded. A st'rong inclination
to progress is a characteristic of the
1 race which you in part represent, and is, perhaps,
the secret of Anglo-Ameriwu^wccess and
ascendancy. Its spirit prevails over the conti
nent, and is continually hurrying us into new
positions of theory and of government. It pervades,
to a greater or less extent, every State
in the American' Union, and is incorporated
into its laws, religion, industry, and polities.?
But, on the other hand, all well regulated understandings
will regard, with something lilto
anxiety, that restless desire for change in fundamental
principles of government, and strong
inclination to specific legislation, as encouraging,
to an undue extent, the tendencies of popular
institutions to run into extremes of opinion
and action, the end of which is license without
1 I"*** oopimnM/iA rtf
iiuui iyy auu law uuuuut mc aooui aiioc vi v/tuci
Whilst the State for which you legislate can
scarcely be said to have kept pace with others
in this rapid march of improvement, it may be
claimed for it that it has more surely attained
those qualities of government which are most
lively to insure the greatest amount of real hap
piness to the citizen, maintained a higher degree
of social order, preserved a more even
balance of power among the co-ordinate branches
of government, and been less controlled by
cupidity and ambition?those certain forerunners
of national degeneracy. Well, then, may
you take pride in your State. The1 feeling is
always admissible, but especially so when you
live under a Constitution and laws conceived
in justice and administered with purity; under 1
a Legislature independent in its views, and capable
and rapid in the discharge of its functions;
under Executives content with their limited
prerogatives; under a religion without heterodoxies
of these present days; and under a i
sound, just, and high toned public sentiment ?
I cannot, therefore, recommend to you, gentlemen,
too strongly to watch oyer, with solici- (
tude, this noble political organization, and to
preserve it froin those changes and innovations
which tend to weaken, and eventually to destroy,
the happy equilibrium which,exists; and
I fervently hope that, far down in the vista of
. time. vhen./tM memorials of us ape lost ex.cept_
those which may remain amdnglts archivesTa
gracious Providence will preserve this State
Government, in all its usefulness and beauty,
to remote, posterity, fresh and glorious in its
immortal youth.
The year, which is now nearly past, has been
one of great calamity throughout the world.?
War and pestilence, disasters on the ocean,
commercial anxieties and distress, with gaies .
and drought materially shortening the grain and
; other crops, are some of the melancholy incidents
which have marked it. Nor have the
people of this State escaped tbo common misfortunes.
The metropolis, and some of the
lesser towns and portions of the country, have
been visited by a fatal fever, and other diseas
1 . j?. i:r_ ?
es (iimusi us ucsi.ruci.ivu iu me, which iui u
time have arrested all business, destroyed a
number of valuable lives, and invested their
communities with a profound gloom. But few
families arc without some sorrowful event to
call to their recollection the past summer as a
period of severe trial and mourning. Still we
have abundant cause for gratitude to God, for
arresting the ravages of disease, and for restoring,
both the city and country to their usual
! health.
j The aggregate income of the State from ag
I riculturnl sources for thej^resfintyear'arc likely
to be materially diminished. The yield of
J short cotton to the planters, notwithstanding a.
most favorable season for gathering and preparing
it for market, will scarcely be equal to
the crop ol last year, whilst the long cotton
and rice on the seaboard have been very much
injured generally, and in some instances entirely
destroyed by -the equinoctial 3torms. These
numerous circumstances, taken in connection
with the stringency in the money market, and
the consequent check given to commerce and
trade, induce a strong necessity lor economy
both in disbursement of money from the Treasury,
and in private expenditures Fortunately,
owing to the -previous comparative freedom
from debt in the State, the losses both in business
and agriculture will or.ly work a tempo
rary injury, which ordinary prudence cannot
fail soon to remedy.
For an abstract of the condition of the finan1
ces of the Slate I beg to refer you to my last
Annual Mes-age.
The nett profits of the Bank of the Slate for
the present fiscal year amount to the sum of
1 8295,000, against $330,000, the nett profits of
' 1853, thus showing a diminution in the income
' of the State from that source to the extent of
$35,000.
It was to have'fieen~autjcijwted that the
" orofits of the Bank for the brjesent 'year would
fall short of that of the year previou'a. The
k great stringency in the money market, which
has extended over the whole country, tiecessa'
lily curtailed its operations. I herewith have
' the honor to lay before you the Annual Statement
<>f the Bank to October 1,1854, showing
' total funds to the amount of $7,308,605 '50.
During the year, $*25,000 have been applied
to the reduction of the State debt.
1 By comparing the balance in the treasury on
i the 1st of October, 1853, with that of a corres3
ponding period during the year 1854, it will bo
perceived that there is a falling off of $81,403
* 05 The^ncijme derjved for several years from
i stock in the South Carolina Railroad Company
i will be. withdrawn from the treasury, in? conse
quencc of its exchange for stock in other rh.il'
'4" - t ,
' . ? i _
! road companies. Op toe other hand, there is t
[ reason to suppose that the cash receipts i'rom ,
I taxes will considerably exceed those of the last
vear. In the Uoner division alone the roeeirits
. I I
from this source exceed those of the year pro _1 %
vious by the sum of.$18,538 72.
In June Inst I received from Mr. Anthony !
Hyde, of Washington, a treasury draft for ?17,-r.
78G 05, which I have placed in the Jbdnk to
tho credit of the State. This is a portion of^
the sum'appropriated by the last Congress In
satisfaction of a claim rttfule by this State toy.
losses sustained in equipping a regiment of volunteers,
in 1830, for the Florida war. It appears
that there is the further suid^of ?1,583
still due under the impropriation, .
A charge of ten per rent, for commissions
was nftade by Mr. Ihde for collections, but (.'> - *
did nrft conceive myself authorized to pay Ft
without authority from the Legislature. Until
this question is determined by you, I have suf.
fered the $1583above meiitioi&d tb.reniainju
the United States treasury, to meet such com- ^
pcufttion as you may'allow.
I herewith lay before you^both Mr. Hyde's
report upon the ease, aild otaarpnpcrsouiihec.-v
ted therewith.
At tHb last annual meeting of the Legislature,
m Connection with the Comptroller Gen
er;tl,.J was directed by act, to jssue bonda'pf"^
the State to the amount of two hundred. and
fifty, thousand dollars, ('300,000,) C?r the pfir?;
pose of forwarding the construction of tjie r
new State Capitol. The bonds were accord*
ingly prepared under the immediate auspice^
of the President of the Hank, were duly -executed,
and offered in the market for sale. Butj
owing to monetary difficulties, there was little
or no demand for such securities, and huU .a- J
portion of them were disposed ofT Urider +~s
these circumstances, after consultation with tho
President of the Bank, it was deemed advisa
ble for hira to proceed to New York, and offer
them in that market. There he found similar
difficulties, somewhat increased {Torn the fact
that the bonds were made payable at the State .
Treasury, and not in New York, as was preferred.
He nevertheless effected a sale to the amount
of ? $130,600 00'
Upon which a premium was received
nett of 3,393 04 %
There remain unsold bonds to the . 'y
amount of 120,000 00. .
Of these there are lodged in the
Bank of the State 20,000 00
And in the Bank of thc-Republic, ?
New York 100,000,00
In connection with this statement of our fi- M
nancial affairs, I desire, pith great ^deference,
to submit a few suggestions with regard to the
present condition of banking operations, their.' ??'
effect upon the money market, and upon the
people and business of the State* jf- * The
Legislature, two-years since, acting under
what appeared tho:i to ho a general demand
for increased banking facilities, established a $
number of new bunks, thereby enlarging tl\o *
bankipg cftpffa! .tojthe extent of two millions
sTx Trafmred amrctgfijyTTvTJ nioir^a mrroo rtnmdred
and seventy fiye dollars, (?>2,G85,475.)r?TIia
imnrpssion RAAjned irAncr/illv fn nicvml
that ihis step would make money more abundant,
and that the increased want of it, botU
for commerce and internal transactions, woold
be amply met. Those who dealt in stocks,
and in foreign and domestic exchange, joined
the agricultural interests in the demand; and
the result, as has been clearly demonstrated by
experience, has disappointed the cxpeclutioi s
of both. Instead of increased discounts by
notes in a period of unusual difficulty in money
affairs, and an increased amount of money
in circulation, the discounts arc less than they
were previous to the.establishment of the new.
banks, and the want of "money greater than at
any period since the commercial disasters.of
1837. Both those.who deal in stocks and exchange,
and those engaged in agriculture, are
alike clamorous for some legislation to remedy
existing pecuniary evils. -?
- It is proper to inquire into the causes which,,
have led to these results,.and to endeavor- to
suggest a remedy, which I shall do as briefly
as possible. , ^ - h. . . " .-/i*
It is well known that, previous to the crea- . '
fir?n nf nniu KonL'C nt livicf nnn.f r\f -
the capita] and credit of the old banks was ?2
employed beyond the limits of the.State, w Hicli
would go to show that even, then there was
too much banking capital With therecehl increase
of it, the amount sent abroad is greatly
enlarged, and perhaps is equal to half ofjjjP
the banking capital in the State; and
stockholders are benefitted'by this motifs
operation, the wants < f the great mass of the ^
community are neglected. It is certainly-" toexpected
that the money-.of the banks will be.? " :%
employed in those places from which tbfr'.lar-^
gest per centago fn Imsincss is to be derived,
and that where the interest at home is restricted
to six per cent* capital will go where ten
and fifteen per certt. is to bo had. -A' j->:
The utter failure, of hanking in Mississippi,
Alabama, and Florida, opened jt new and extensive
fi?ld for the employment of bank capital
; and the reputation of the banks of South
Carolina', and the credit which is attached to*
their issues in those States, together with .the
large per centage to be derived there, were a
strong temptation to our banks to send their' *
means abroad. The result of their operations
was evidenced bv largely increased dividends,
which for several years reached six and eight
per cent, per-annum, and more recently went
as high as ton to fifteen percent. They invest
large amounts in those States in the purchase . %
of bills .payable iti New Orleans, Mobile, and
other Western cities, arid when they arrive at
maturity the fnnds are re-invested in bills paynII
. .C? T1 .1.
uie in me iiuim ui ??? kuiwpc. i iiijsb lunus
centre chiefly in New York, to the extent of
their circulation in the West, where they draw
interest, or, a9 is generally the case, are invested
in Southe.-n paper. All these changes
afford a large p r rentage on tho money in use,
and it is therefore nui Mrfprising that the citizen
cannot borrow money at home, from .
banks at the rate of interest fixed by law. It
is in this way-that in the past eight "months it
is supposed that tin* aggregate amount of exchange
operations more than eqogls loans on
notes, and that the sum of notes discounted is
actually less than it was before the new banks
were established. During a period that- those
' ' ^
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