Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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s ^nlitirnl. The African Squadron. The following is the report submitted to the Senate in secret session, on the propo-ul to abrogate the treaty with Great Britain, in regard to the suppression of the slave trade on the coast of Africa. It contains some striking fact! showing with what heavy costs, but poor re turns, tue philanthropic efforts of Government are rewarded, when attempted in the face o nature, and the laws of progress: [COXFIDKNTIAL.] Report of the Committee on Foreign Relation! (of the Senate,) on a resolution relative t the abrogation of the 8tli Article of the Tier ty with Great Britain of the Oth of Augu1842, providing fur maintaining a Navi force on the coast of Africa, &c. The Committee 011 Foreign Relations, t whom was referred the resnutton suuiuittea d Mr. Slidell, on the 29th May 1S54, **'i'h?t i the opinion of the Senate it is expedient and i conformity with the interests and sound polio of the United States, that the 8th article of th Treaty between this Government, and Grea Britain, of the 9th of August, 1842, should b abrogated; and that, should the President of th United States concur in this opinion, he he re quested to signify to the Government of Grea Britain, in conformity with the 11th article o that treaty, the wish of this Government to ter niinate the said 8th article," have had th< same under consideration, and now respectful ly report: That by the 8th article of the treaty wit Great Britain, made at Washington on the9t ' - mAC\ _ | A .I. 01 August, lOiZ, c??mm?>niy timwu as uie xi?n burton Treaty, "the parties mutually stipulate that each shall prepare, equip, and maintain ii service, 011 the Coast of Africa, a sufficient am adequate squadron, or naval force of vessels ol suitable numbers and descriptions, to earn in all not less than 60 guns, to enforce sepa rately and respectively the laws, rights and oh ligations of each of the two countiies, for th( suppression of the Slave trade; the said squad rons to be independent of each other, but tin two Governments stipulating, nevertheless t( give such orders to the officers commatidiuj their respective forces, as shall enable then most effectually, to act in concert and coope ration, upon mutual consultation, as exigencie may arise, for the attainment of the true objec of this article, copies of all such orders to b< communicated by each Government to theoth er, respectively." By the 11th article of the same treaty, it i declared that the 8th article shall he in forct for five years from the date of exchange of the ratification and afterwards until one or the other party shall signify a wish to terminate it. The policy of stipulations of this kind with ...... f ..n...oc ituat- \t?/i!l l?, n 11 P?l Innpfl DM ttliV I?'|^T|?|| pun VI, IKUJ ??MI "V .... general grounds; but your Committee do not | think it necessary to enter upon so large and delwtable a field of discussion, and will confine themselves to an examination of the question, whether, admitting the propriety and expcdien cy of the measure at the time of its adoption, with the imperfect or erroneous information then possessed, it inav not he proper and expedient now to al?rugate it. It was then suppos ed that the most efficient mode of suppressin< the Slave trade, was to employ numerous end sers on the coast of Africa, and the very cap lion of the treaty indicates the results that wen expected to be obtained by it. It is entitle* "A treaty to settle and define the boundaric between the Territories of the United State and the possessions of Her Biitanic Majesty ii North America, for the final suppression of th African Slave trade," &c. It was believed tlm the best point for the employment of a navsi force for the attainment of an object which lb* people and Government of the United State desired quite as earnestly as Her Biitanic Ma ?n/4 l?or cnl.izaofc U'MC tU a dft'Kl <lf* I An experience of twelve yentVhas demonstrated the fallacy of that opinion. Large squadrons have been kept up during lhat period by the two powers, at an enormous expense iir money, with a lamentable lo<s of life and destruction of the health of the officers and men employed in that noxious climate.? And what has been the result? Let the record show. The British squadron comprises several steamers, counting in all 27 vessels, carry ing about 300 guns, and 3,090 men. The annual expense of th* squadron, ?700450? about S3,500,000. This is the expense proper of the squadron. That of auxiliary establishments on the coast, connected with this service, and which might otherwise be dispensed with, :?^innnnn -e^nnnno T?bQ ID CMIIliaiCU <lb ^yvw,vvu %?? rvv^v^vw. ? iulv the lowest figure, and }ou liave $1,500,000 to add to the direct cost of the squadron, making a total annual expenditure of live millions of dollars". In 1645 alone, the numb* r of deaths of officers and men was 259, and of officers and men invalided. 271. The United States have four vessels and 60 guns on the Coast of Africa, being about oneeighth' of our whole nava! force atloat; and, as the estimated expense of the navy, after deducting special objects, such as the transportation of the mail in steamships, improvement of Navy Yaids, &c. is 88,351,171, the annual cost of tliis squadron may he f-irly calculated at S800,0n0 or 1,000,000 per year. This, it will he observed, is considerably less than the cost Der mtn of the British squadron, which is about 11,700. It is a subject of congratulation, however, that for the Jast four years the mortality of oar officers and men employed in this service, bears a favorable comparison with that of other nations. This, the Navy Department attributes to the extraordinary sanitary measures adopted by the officers of the squadron. France at one time obligated herself to keep op an equal foice with Great Britain on the Coast of Africa, say twenty six vess-els, but finding the engagements too onerous, she applied to the Biitish Government for a modification of the Treaty, which was conceded, and she now has only twelve vessels so employed. There are no precise data on which the expenditure of Fiance can be established, but estimating it by the proportion of vessels em plowed, say twelve to twenty-six, it would be about $1,600,000. The annua! joint expendituie of England, France, and the United States, thus , appears to be $7,400,000. I Mr. Hutt, the Chairman of tho Select Com inittee of the House of Commons, appointed 8 to investigate this question, stated on the 19th 1 of March 1650, that the number of slaves exB ported from Africa had sank down in 1842. B/ the very year of the negotiation of the A*h burton Treaty, to very nearly 30,000. In 1843 9 it rose to 55,000; in 1846 it was 76,000; in H 1847 it was 84,000, and wan then in a state of B unusual activity. Sir Charles Holt),am, who commanded for seV'eral yfcara on tfcd coast Of Africa,and who i> one of the most distinguished officers ir> the British Navy, oil his examination befo'e the Select Committee, thus replied to the yfleries propounded to him '. ,l VV.ts the force under your command in a r high sMe of discipline, generally speaking?" r " ^thought so." f Hi | threshold by the Indian agents, and foibidden t > set foot upon it without a regular license to carry on a bona fide trade with the Indians.? This they C"uld not procure, and their move ments were cheeked. The colonel's sincerity has been since fairly tested. He was anxious for its occupation, so long as a doubt of the light to occupy existed, because he knew that under such circumstances slaveholders could not remove there and have any protection to their properly; hut as soon as the proposition was made to organize Kansas and Nebraska, and leave the emigrants t?? decide the question of slavery for themselves, the colonel shifted j his position, and we hear no more from him ' about the importance of an immediate settlement. But it his zeal has abated the zeal of , the pioneers has not. They are pouring into Kansas, by the thousand, i'roin iVli.-souri and i Arkansas, and into Nebraska by the thousand from Iowa and Wisconsin. "I See that Horace Greeley and other abolitionists are attempting to raise a fund to colonize Kansas with abolition propagandists and kidnappers. This may be fun for Horace and others of the leaders ??f the disunmnists; but P I can assure him and them, that jf persi-tejM in, it will be death to the innocent and miSI guided foi ls who are to be sent there. ThHI nioneers of the west and flip nipn of TCerKi tuck) and other sl;tv% States, have no objectioH to respectable northebi people, who come t^H the border as settlers irwgnod faith, resolved t^K act as upright and orderl) citizens, anxious t'oB the promotion of the common good of allH but they cannot be expccteH to yield one inchH and certainly will not yield \he tenth part one, to the myrmidons of a bsn?d of men have already proclaimed their determination t<H break the bonds of Union and expose tli^J Southern States to the horrors of aeervile war^B Kansas will be a slave state in spite of tbe cflj forts of these incendiaries, audi advise onljj such of them as come with arms in their handB and hearts to wield them, to enter into thl-H unholy crusade. Ere this reaches you, theriH will lie more resolute men in Kansas deierfl mined to crush abolitionism and free>oili*mV than can he mustered by Greeley and his gang r in a twelvemonth to come. It is to be hoped ,| that the Indian titles along the border will lie y soon extinguished. They occupy by far the I most VMInutile mictions nf the country, and I when thoy are removed a prosperous coinmu- t nity will soon sp'ing up." i I Coup de Solkil.? The weather for the past ' three days has been excessively hot in this uity. J At a late hour hit evening we heard of three ? cases of sun stroke during the day, though c none of them fatul. Too much camion can- < n< t be exercised by all exposed to the sun du- t ring the continuance of this heat. t Savannah Georgian t JHisrcllimroits Mms. N<?tw ithstjinding all the reports of Russian everses, with the exception of the severe skirni^liinir at Silistria. there had been no reeent filling of moment in any quarter. A Lon)on correspondent of the Herald states that ft eport was current that the Turks had under nined and blown up the Russian batteries in rout of Silistria, buLthis required confirmatiori. Russia, in accordance with her original plan or ?perati?'iis, as promulgated by the Czar, was rradually withdrawing her troops from the Principalities and concentrating them on the ine from Silistria to Jassy, the capital of JVlollavia, where Paskiewitch had established his lead-quarters. A late number of the L>mdon Press, a paper understood to enjoy the special !ontidctice of Mr. D'Israeli and other members ?f the Derby Cabinet, contained an article leclaring that, "so far as the German Powers tre concerned, the secret negotiations for terninating the war, and yet saving the honor of f? 11 ?:cI*i hslV** fiuott lti*i tiicrht fi\ ?? ciioonc-f',, 1 l%urs?U) ???*' MWH V'? u gii\.VV9?3IUI l/'M " jlnsinn." Ali this may he true, " so far as the 3enuan Powers are concerned," but then, the ronsent of England and France, and Russia, ton, must be obtained before a cessation of lostilities takes place So far as relates too Jritain, individually, we do not doubt she ia nxious, very anxious, for peace. The re-con. traction of her Ministry indicates it, and Lord ohn Russel avows it in his address to his eontituents for re-election. But while hohling mt the olive branch she is busily preparing for he continuance of the struggle. Russia is not eady for any peace except upon her own terms, fhe concentration of her immense forces to plainly tell us that she is not. only determined to defend herself against the combined attacks t>f the French, English and Turks on the one tide, hut is maturing her plans to take vengeance upon Austria for her duplicity in de ;ertirig the side of Russia so soon after the latter had been instrumental in quelling the disturbances in Hungary, by which means the Austrian Emperor was solely enabled to retain : large slice of his empire. The most reasona pie probability was that a most desperate battle would ensue lielbre any further negotiations would be had, and that battle has, perhaps, ere I been fought. It was generally believed, in London and Paris, t'.iat something dei would transpire before the close of the :h which is about passing away. Charleston Standard. iogress of tiif. Cholera.?There were t fifty deaths from cholera in New York ast week, against fifty-seven the week beThe Mayor has established a cholera ital in Franklin street. Boston the disease does not appear to ine to any extent. Philadelphia there were six cholera deaths week ; a few cases have appeared in the linensing prison, but none have yet proved hn Lake, a citizen of Moundsville, Vir, died there on Monday last, from cholera, is the only case which has occurred in community, and the general health is said !good. le cholera is reported very bad at HickKentucky. In a population ol 1.500 there some six deaths a day. about the 11th.? hotels were all closed, and the citizens rapidly deserting. if* <liet?!ier? Imc nlcrt limltpn nnf. vvifh P.nn ^Hablc violence at Bowling Green, Kentucky, BHimmy of the citizens have left the place.? Hfirst case, it is said, originated from im^H^rate eating. flHirii sickness, principally cholera and diar prevails on the river between St. Louis ^^ jonisville. HHie deaths by cholera in Nashville on Wed^Hay the 21st ult., were seven; on Thurs the interments were seven from the city d two from South Nashville. * Oi these six seem to have been of cholera, Two others were taken to their homes (himorning, while suffering with a s'ekuess somewhat resembling cholera. The disease is evidently on the increase, if we may judge from the mortality. Three deaths had occurred nine miles west Shelbyville. The town of Fayetteville was almost entirely deserted at the last accountsonly a few families left. ? ? The following table has been revived at the present time, as exhibiting the number and nativity of each class of foreigners in the United States in tl e year 1850 : England 278.67G Holland 9,88c lieland 961,719 Turkey 10C Scotland 70,650 Austria 96-i Wales 29,868 Switzerland 13,35f Germany 573 225 Norway. 12,67? France 54,069 Denmark 1,83? Portugal 1,274 Italy 3,54? Belgium 1,213 Spain 3,112 Tennessee Flour.?We loam from the Knoxville Register that Messrs. D. L. Bronsor unci Chas. Neuffer, of Columbia, S. C., have t>er of our citizens who went down on tlx 1 Wm. Allen" yesterday evening, to witness i. The sand is rapidly lifted from the hot \un of the river, deposited in boats, and ther qirried a short distance down the river. Tht "t moval of the earth is said to he complete e av ng no ridges to obstruct the passage o i' >uts as had been feared would be the case 3 y the operations of this machine the channe! 1 ' the liver at that place will Le extended to t I jpth of fifteen feet, with a width of thai I jpth for some hundred feet. This bar, it ij 1 anight, will b* removed in the course of s lonth or so. The machine is a great inven< ou. R kligious Meeting.- A protracted meeting has been held at the Washington-street Methodist Church for the past two weeks, du which the congregation have been favored with the services of able divine* from abroad. We are gratified to learn that quite a number have made a profession of religion, and that a deep interest seems to pervade the large assemblages which attend the meetings.? Carolinian. Kingsville.?We learn that Messrs. Hitchcock and Bollin have secured the privilege of erecting a breakfast and dinner house at Kingsville, (Camden Junction,) on the South Caro linn Railroad. We understand that it is the intention of these gentlemen to erect a superb house, complete in all its departments, and conducted in the best st\ le. We congratulate travellers north and south on this enterprise, and can vouch for the projectors that nothing will he left undone for the comfort and convenience of their visitors. Travellers going south will breakfast at this point, and those bound north will dine there. The erection of the building will commence at once, and it is expected wlil be completed in October next.?lb. ^ | A. Dbspehatk Dukl.?We learn from a gentleman recently from Florida, that a duel i was fought on Monday last, the 19lh ult., between Claudius C. Stewart, esq., and Joseph B. Coker, esq., both young lawyers, resident at ( Newnaiisville, East Florida. 'I he quarrel is said to have had its origin Coker's intimating to a young lady that Stewart had invited him to he one of his groomsmen, on the occasion of i his approaching nuptials with that lady. It appears that Mr. Stewart had requested Mr. Coker to attend him on the occasion reierrea ; to, but at the same time enjoining secresy in the matter. Mr. S. construed the disclosure i into a breach of confidence and an offence, reI quiring of Mr. Coker his signature and his ac . knowledgment of his having been guilry of a j libel, or the alternative of a fight with deadly weapons. Alter the interference of the friends of both proved unavailing in settling the quarrel, the parties left Newnansville, and proceeded to a ferry some thirty miles distant, where they crossed to the appointed place of meeting ; on the Georgia side. The terms of the meetj ing show that the principals intended it not to i be a bloodless dut I. Both were armed with double barrelled shot guns. Mr. Stewart's gun was loaded with thirty buck shot. Mr. Coker's gun, which chamber* three balls, was loaded with twelve bullets. After firing the first shots at the distance of seventy-five yards, in case neither fell, iliey were to advance ten paces and fire a second time; when, if neither was yet hit, they were to re-load and advance ten paces more for a third shot. At the first fire Mr. Stewart received three balls two or iiiem in bis leiL arm ana snouiuer rendering, it is said, the amputation of that limb necessary. The other ball entered his right breast and passing upwards, lodged in his right shoulder, in front. Fears were entertained for Mr. S.'s life, partly on account of the dela} caused by having to send a distance of twenty miles, for instruments necessary to the amputation of his arm. The attending surge ons had no instruments on the ground. Two buck shot passed through the breast of the loose garment worn by Mr. Coker. Both ap pear in lie well practiced in the use of their weapons; and hy the reshlt of the first fire, we are, perhaps, spared the record of one of the bloodiest traged es that has ever resulted from this mode ofadjnsting differences between gen' tlemen. Willi the lessened distance, and the almost unerring precision exhibited by the combatants, the second shot could hardly have resulted otherwise than in a horrible mutilaiion or perhaps the killing of both.? Sav. Ncivs. SnnvKn iiim Right.?We clip the following from the Charlotte (N. C.) Democrat: "On Wednesday Ia-t it came to the ears of a number of our citizens that a man by the name of Hale, from the wooden nutmeg State, ; had been expressing himself in regard to our npcnliar institutions rather after the manner of Sewnnl. lie was politely waited upon, and requested to leave in an hour or take the penalty -which was simply a new dress made of ; old materials?one ingredient of which enters . largely into the list of exports of the Stat-.? . The creature did not seem to he actuated by malice, or a coat f tar and feathers would have been administered without any ceremony. ^ "We cannot lie too watchful of those itinerants, who infest our country under the prej! tense of selling their articles of merchandise, when frequently they are abolition emissaries. ! We are opposed to their coming into the State ! any way. That we cannot prevent, but we I can keep a close look out, and if we detect any t misconduct, treat them as they deserve, that I is, to a coat of tar and feathers and a ride on 1 a rail, that's all." | * * Adore?s of the Anti-Nebraska Cox<:s?ss? ?! men.?The members of Con/i?w*\Stio opposJ ed the bill to organize ?be territories of Nebras, ka and Kansas have published an address to ^Aprpeople of the United States, which con HIUL't 111 113 SB "It is no time for exaggeration or for pas ^Bn, and we therefore speak calmly of the past, |Hd warn you, in sober seriousness, of the fu^Hrc. It would not become us, nor is it necesJBry, to suggest the measures which ought to ^B adopted in this great exigency. For our dves, we are ready to do all that shall be in ^Bir power to restore the Missouri compromise |Hud to execute such further measures as you in ^ our wisdom shall command, aid as may he ^Bcessary fur the rcuovery of the ground lost freedom, and to prevent the further aggres ^Kons of slavery." Heavy Appropriation.?The Washington ^Bar says the amount voted on Thursday by ^Be House to pay for the books ordered to be ^Bstributed among the present members of the ^Bdy was $199,500.87. The amount requisite H pay for the books to go to the eighteen new H^fiuluirs of the Senate, will swell that sum to j an aggregate of $221,0(>0. 'i m_ t n | OIMiULAK rilUll. ii*l. ! is. 1UW.V.W... ! showed us yesterday a large sized fruit, perj fectly formed, one section of which was a nectarine, the remainder being a peach, each porp tion retaining the peculiar color and smell of the respective fruits.? Carolinian. ij ? 11 A mineral spring, consisting of white sul. t phul chalybeate, very little inferior, if not equal i to the celebrated Saratoga Springs in inedicil nal qualities, has been discovered on the farm . of Mr. Willis Sturdevant, within four miles of the city of Peusacola. 9The (Titmtifn lH^kln JnnrnaL Tuesday, July 4, 1854. THO. J. WARREN. Editor. ' The Angel Boy to his Mother." These sweet and beautiful lines from an esteemed correspondent, shall have a place in our paper next week. / f Since our lost issue our community hayhjieh doubly bereaved in the death of two ofouroldfe#, most useful and esteemed citizens. Seldom are.<We c lied upon to record the loss of two such citizens of the same town, as Mr. Thomas Salmond and Maj. John Cantey. Mr. Salmond was a native of Scotland, received an accomplished mercantile education in Ediuburg, and immigrated to this country early in life. He settled at Camden and was at once usefully employed in the various offices of Clerk of the Court. Ordinary, and Com misioner in Kauity At the establishment of the Branch Bank, at Camden, ho was recalled from the State of Alabama, whither ho had recently removed, to assume its presidency; which office he continued to hold up to the time of his death. Ets business qualifications and his remarkable sagacity and experience enabled him to till that arduous post with signal ability and success, and with great satisfaction to the community. Mr. Sahnond diod on the 30th June, aged 73 years.? There is little doubt that his death was occasioned by exposure to the severe weather of the last week, which { ho incurred in traveling in the adjoining Districts up on business of the Bank. He reached homo about 3 o'clock, p. m., from Lancaster, and died at 7 p. m. of the same day." Our merchants generall}*, with a commendable sense of propriety in respect of the deceased, closed their stores during the entire day of Saturday; nnd lis remains were conducted to their final resting | place by a numerous cortege embracing nearly all our citizens, and by Kershaw Lodge A. F. M., of which the deceased was the oldest Past Master. Major John Cantey was born in this District in March, 178G. His father was James Cantey, a distinguished officer of the Revolution; and his mother was a W hitoker. of that family so distinguished for their devotion to the cause of freedom in that memorable struggle. Major Cantey inherited the characteristics of his parents, and ever inclined to espouse the cause of the weak against the strong, and to resist every, thiog like injustice and oppression. He was strong and ardent in his attachments, and devoted to his family and friends. In 1814 ho served the last campaign of the war, near Charleston, as Brigade Major. He was for a number of years a Director in the Branch Bank, and so continued to his death. In 1832. he was a warm and active State Bights man, and enthusiastically supported his party. In 1850, he was again on die side of the m inority, and was elected a member of what is called the Secession Convention. He readily acquiesced in the actiou of that body, and suffered no irritation of feeling to survive the struggle. His astdays were embittered by domestic affliction, and his last illness was protracted! and of great severity. On the 29th of June, at four o'clock, A. M., ho went to his rest, aged 69 years. Our National Jubilee. jf There i- nothing strange in tbo idea that wo should love this day?that the dawning of its bright and glorious light should give joy and bo tho signal for universal exultation from the stony clifl's ol Maine to the fertile vallies of tho West?that a nation of freemen should rejoice in the proud satisfaction that they are free. Is it strange that wo should cherish with the fondest aud proudest recollections, every incident con nectcd with the history of to-day ??a day consecrated to immortality by virtue, patriotism and valor? whose sun first dawned upon the grave ot tyranny, and opened to tho vision of an oppressed woild a way of light and glory through a long, dark vista of gloom and oppression, which, like a pall, hung heavily o'er tho liberties of man. 'Twas this day which taught the world that liberty was a reulityi and not an ideal word?that man's heritage was liber.... 1 .I..I L. u? r T ?o ,v,tI, ty, ana huil lit? uu^ub uw ncc. ojvu uo wu?iwu sincere and grateful liearts, the recollections which cluster around the memory at the recurrence of this glorious day, and like that day which gave birth to the Father of his country, let it be hallowed in grateful memories by our nation dowu to the latest period 0| time; as long as "Liberty has an altar, Independence a votary, or Virtue receives an approving sentence in the human : oart,"let the oft repeated story of American Liberty survive fresh in the hearts of our people. Warm Weather. For the last week the weather has been extremclj warm, aud a lew days so intense was tho heat that tin thormometer in many localiiies attained the height o 100 degrees, and in some oi theso wo know the posi tion oi the instrument would enable ns to form an ac curate idea of what the averago heat was. People's Bank. D. L. McKay, esq , was on Thursday elected presi dent of the People's Bank, Charlesion, to fill the va cancy occasioned by the resignpt'on.of.';,i,,-!n -P. esq. National Division S. of T. At the late meeting in New Brunswick, the nexi meeting was fixed for Charleston, and the followinf officers elected: P. G. W. P, S. L. Tilley, of St. John's, N B.; M. W P., and P. G. W. P. Charles Edginton, of Kentucky M. W. A. Article Sixth of tho constitution for Subordate Divisions lu>s been stricken out. and article ter amended. Females are to be admitted to Divisions ai visitors, and pro forma degrees permitted. - The Charleston Courier Came to us on the 1st inuch improved in its typo graphical appearance, as well as being enlarged, ant filled with its usual variety of excellent reading mat ter. Wo chronicle all improvements among our co temporaries with great pleasure. According to the regulations of the Methodist Churct South, single men are now to be allowed $160, mar ried men $30U. besides family and traveling expense children under seven years of aye, $25; over seven anr under sixteen, $40. s The post-office at Providence. Sumter District, ha been re-estaUished, and Mr. C. Jackson appointee Post-Master. Confirmed. The nomination of A. Herbemont, of South Caroli na, to be consul of the United States for the port o Genoa, ia Sardinia, has been confirmed by the Senate A Clbar Fikld.?As a sign of a whole some stale of public morals it is stated thai there is not an inmate in the jail, either ol Edgefield or Fairfield District. Somebody advertise* for agents to sell i work entitled 'Hymeneal Instructor.' The best hymeneal instructor we know of is a young widow. What she don't know there is no use in learning. tr / s ... . . . V I 'i i i i??? A few more words on. Newspapers. There are but few, comparatively, of our readers, who will feel any interest in this subject, but there are others to whom it must appeal with considerable force and to these" we desiro especially to address our re* marks, 'We mean of course, the conductors and p?H prisms of the press of our State. Our remarks are intended to be general in their character,- and if, in the ^ application of the subject, wo should touch too dlosely upon some individual case, we hope it will be regarded as necessarily incidental to a candid discussion of tho matter and not be attributed to any unwonhy motive or unkind temper on our part We ohave too much respect for the press of our State and for its conductors. with tho most of whom, we have the pleasure of a personal, and in some cases, an intimate acquaintance, to make invidious discriminations which would provoke or inju:e their feelings. We disclaim any 1 1- mnlln. wmnala llfl trv iiPMt tllifl > BUL'Il llllUUllWII J J WW V4IIIUVI MU kv ? ww ? subject with much plainness and freedom of thought. We intimated on a recent occasion, that we attribu' ted much, and we might say all, of the ill success of newspapers now, to that miserable system of half-priced terms for subscription, and merely nominal rates for advertising, which has been introduced within a few years past in our Slate. We dislike it from several considerations, and one is, it savors too much o ( Nor'themism, the entering wedge of other innovations whi..h will follow as a matter of course, if the plan be .. adhered to and followed up. We leave this thought just here, for we have not time to dwell upon it. The income of newspaper offices consists mainly in advertising and the subscription lists Wben these two (and sometimes only) mainsprings are so weakened a?U?wboa/1 Afi frt o nOTT'QV V??? rmrnAOOO of* uiju cuiuanooowu oo nvai wij iv uuonv? ?uw j/vuvu w* the machine, it cannot, of course, be long before the whole affair will get out of order, and unless promptly repaired or strengthened from some other source, must . cease altogether. It is impossible, now-a-days to do , anything without money?it is one of those necessary evils which cannot bo dispensed with. The time was when a man might work almost for nothing, and yet, by proper diligence and economy, get along, and possibly grow rich. Not so in these latter days?the whole nature of things has undergone a complete , and thorough change. The time was when good, even first rate Journeymen Printers could be employed in ; country offices at from seven to ei^ht dollars per week? now, fifty per cent, increase on those rates is bardly too great an estimate. Paper has risen in the eame ratio, or certainly twenty-five per cent upon former prices. In fact, the demand having so largely increased, the mills complain oi scarcely being able to supply the market. These facts taken in connection with another most -lamentable one?the want of a disposition on the part of subscribers to pay?show what the chances are for money being made upon the subscription lists. J).d our one dollar friends ever make a close calculation of what it pests them to publish their papers? Let themidp^so, and with all their strictness? nn idn.innlv iurfT Hamlina?about advanced nnvments they will fi^O at the end of each year, a large number wlyrome up among the delinquents? it is so, and it is icily to conceal the tact from our own eyes.? TWim usual increase of newspapers all over the States Ufs produced these enormous prices of labor and ma, 'teriuls, without a corresponding increase or adherence to old prices for work. Tbo consequence is, many are obliged to strugg'e on. droop, and linally die. Advertising constitutes the mainspring of vigorous action to a printing office in our State?if therefore, the rates be cut down and lessened, how is it possible, with all these accumulating difficulties, that a paper can be made profitable which must rely upon chance for its patrunuge. It is a mistake, gontlemen of the press, to work any longer for nothing. Tou will find, wo fear, by bitter experience, that this course will injure, if not bankrupt many of the papers in our State. Let it be persisted in no longer?ask reasonable prices 1 for your labor, and do not compromise the dignity and ' position of the press, by accepting the poor, pitiful k contributions of half priced patrons. We allude now ' particularly to advertising. A question of great importance hero presents itself. Is it right, editois and proprietors, to pursue a course which is not only suicidal, and unjust to ourselves, but absolutely wrong in principle, false in policy, and, to say the least we can of it, hardly honest, in publishing our terms and ' then make contracts which do not approach within the 1 remotest range of those terms? To make ourselves more distinctly understood, ought a paper which adf vertise3 its rates to bo seventy-five cents per square for 1 the first and half that sum for all subsequent inser1 | tio is, contract at one tenth part of these rates? Or, in plainer words yet, is it right to do in the neighborhood of fifty dollars worth of advertising for fixe, dollars? Strange things do happen sometimes, and strange ^ 4K3 iw appeal, n? is ucveiuicieoo a vuav vuuio are newspapers in South Carolina which advertise equal to live squares for six months, for the poor, pitiful, contemptible sum of five dollars, worth almost ten times that amount, to follow published terms. So far as we aro concerned, we would infinitely prefer advertising for nothing, for then we might possibly hope to have some slight claim upon the charities of the public, without the restrictions and obligations which would be imposed by a mero preteusiogjCi^jfMW "I1 Tll'^li.1" nrf hy what principle of justice or consistency newspapers expect to live at such rates of advertising. We underI staud very well how contracts for a year or for a se" rios of months, are made much lower than the usual f terms, but wo are totally unable to divine by what ' casuistical process such remarkable elasticity and elongation is produced?advertise for five dollars where it should be five times five. There is something wrong, fundamentally and positively wrong in this matter.? 1 Such gross inconsistencies are unpardonable. We obs ject totlio doctrine tbat every man hns the rigbt to do as he pleases?tbere is no authority in the Bible, or in the law books which makes any one quite this free.? No man has the right to injure his neighbor, and are J we doing our neighbor justice when we deprive him, by any means, however remote they may be, of his dues? Are we following out the good old golden rule Do unto others as you would they should do unto you j ?when we advertise in the very face of our published terms, at rates which will barely pay the charge of the compositor who sgts the type ? Some may take issue with us, that every paper has the right to make its owft * terms and advertise to suit its own notions; this far we admit the right, but not when papers profess by their I advertised terms to publish at certain rates, and when ? tbev cant do better lower those rates so far as scarce 1 ly to pay the necessary outlay of the advertisement. We have felt the inconvenience of this plan, when we have been applied to by agents for Patent Medicines and others, wishing to contract by the year. By tho " way we promised to give a few thoughts on Patent f Medicines and Northern advertisers generally, but aa we have ejfMtted our limits already, wo must reserve this datyP^Pfcther occasion. t Serious Affray.?An affray, which it is f feared will terminate fatally, occurred in the lower part of this district one day last week, between Mr. J. Scurry and Dr. Gunter, in i which Dr G. received a severe wound in the 5 breast from a dirk. We do not feel author; ized to state the reported cause of the difhcuU j ty, as no doubt it will undergo judiciary invea-ligation.?Zaurentville Herald.