m . . . ?rni
fmk xv. Camden, south-carolina, Tuesday morning, Februarynumbero. |
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY 1
THOMAS J. WARREN".
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^nlitirnl.
Speech of Mr. Boyce ou the Tariff.
Mr. B"yck. Mr. Chairman, I desire to
fnake some remarks <>11 the subject of the Ta
>iff. It appears, from the report of the Secre
lary of the Trensury, that the surplus balance
on hand, September 30, 1853, was ?28,217,
887 78. Moved by such a vast and increas- .
ing surplus, the Secretary very properly rec mimends
a modification of the taiiff. His pro-;
posed mollification may be summed up in three
ideas. Duties of one hundred per cent ?>u
brandies and cordials,a greater extension of the
free list, and an uniform duty of 'wenty-five j
per cent, on ail lemaininji imports. Though I
have the very highest respect for the secretary
of the Tieasury, I am compelled to differ from
him on tiiis subject. As regards the one hundred
percent duties, they are utterly indt'feusi
hie as a financial measure; tliev are five times
higher than the revenue standard, and mu-tili
^ minish the revenue and injuriously affec our
commercial relations with France. I can see
no possible reason for such exorbitant duties,
but a desire to legislate indirectly mi a gieat
social question, with which, I conceive, we
h;ive nothing to do. l'assiug i>v these mie
hundred per cent, duties, which are in no liar
inony with the Secretary's* geiicial taiiff policy,
1 approach the two leading principles urged
hv him? the free list, and an unifum dutv of
25 per cent.
Il is important to ohseive what the tree list
does not contain and what it does contain. It
does not contain articles ol foreign uiamilhe
ture. which may come in eomp< tdion with
home manufactures. It does not contain 'he
raw nvite iais <d domestic inamifuct iims. and
Certain exports from which our nianutactoics
are exchanged, a> tea and colfee lor instance.?
It is also important to consider what articles
will pay tile duty oft went \ five per cent., confcsscllx
a high duty, alioye trevenue sland
aril ?live per ceiil. higher than tile ill X:tn Oil
duties under the British revised tariti'of IS 12
It will he lot)ud that among these articles are
all foreign p".ducts which may come in competition
with domestic manufactures. From
these facts. I he ohjeel ol tile Sveivta y's lanlf
liecoiivs luminous It is evidently designed
fc to give domestic ma mi fact tin s the. ino.st piactir
c.d protceiiur; and it m-e< nijilishcs 'his pur
pose most thoroughly ; for tiie effect of ad
milling the raw material duty free, and taxing
the inaiiuf-cinred a> licle tweutv five per cent,
is to extend protection, in >ome instances to
the extent of forty and lorty li'-e p<Ttvn .?
This fne list is a great invention; mr wlii;e i;
Confers an exclusive privi ege on the niauiiiac
turers, that of importing the eoinnio tit es tiiey
need free of duty, it creates an apparent necessity,
and illo'dsa p- text for ti g i In i -s oi
their rival imp-irts. Wa it a s\ stem ! I'.io-e
/..I t! a itliii*ii the in iiiulactiuvrs need
pay tin duty. I'll....- which the* |?tr ?i? e need
|?:iv a duty amounting practically, toabout one
third if their value.
As regards th?j uniform <i t> of i .win y fi>e
percent, it rests -ui the radical error lint at!
impoits can pay the same rat'- of duly, where,
as the faet is exactly the reverse, Soon- com
modi ties cannot pay more tnan five per cent,
and others more than ten per cent., and hence
every tariff" we ever had has p nee-sled oil a
gradation -if duties To apply a uniform rate
of twenty' five per eent, is to prohibit iiruiv ar
ticles and diminish the revenue. Toe e is one
artiele to which the -Secretary propos.-s to e\
tend even more than an ordinary shaie of pro
tecti-oi ? that is iron - of all iniujriuubie tiling,
k that which the universal industry of tin- country,
in every form and section, is most inter
ested to obtain cheap. \ el under the euphonious
term speeifie duties, this aiticle is to receive
the lion's share of pi-o'eelioo. I entirety
dissent from the .Secretary's recommendations.
I object to every one of them?his fee ii-t, his
horizontal tariff of 25 per eeut. hi. sjiecifie
duties on iron. His projected tariff is protection
and monopoly in their worst, because their
most covert forms. I will not dweli longer on
this report, satisfied to rail attention toils pro
tec'ive features. 1 piss on t? the general en
si crati-'ii of the subject."
[\fter a brief history ?!" tl??* rev-nue s-stem.
prior to the adoption the protective policv in
1810-of the protective policy and its neecs
sary tendeiiev to it> logical result of prohibition
on the one hand and bounties on t tic* other,
he states that the objects of taxation vary
in different govet nniciits. That in some it is
to depress the masses and secure the doin nation
of the few that this g vermiient is a mete
trustee for the people, iaxati n is a means
to execute the tm-t. ami in this view it should
take as little as possible from tin? people?it
^ should hear equally upon all, and ~h??ul>l interfere
as little as possible with private in lustry.
That a Protective Tariff is inconsistent with
these conditions, and for reasons as follows :J
"This protective policy is 'manifestly line
qtial to classes, hut its inequality to sections is
still more obvious. The manufacturing interests
are in a great degree confined to the nor
lliem section of I he 1. m? ?n. it iteinnrs a poi
tioti of that seeti'.ii at tlie expense of a.I other
sections. To illustrate this, we will suppose
that the Southern planter wishes to exchange
his cotton for c??ti<?ii cloth, or woolen, or iron.
Utuler the operation of a protective tariff he
mijst change his cotton for lc>s quantity of
those articles. Il he hays the foreign commodity.
he must pay '?ovcrnnient at least onefourth
of its value for the privilege of bringing
it within the country. To escape this tax, ho
must buy the homo made commodity at a price
I
enhanced to the extent of the duty on the for
t'ign article. Five-sixths of our cotton nop is
exported to Europe to be exchanged for theii
products; but as we cannot import those pro
ducts without paying it duty of twenty-five 01
tiiirty per cent., our ability t>> receive the>(
products in exchange is diminished ; and a1
their means for buying from us depends oi
! our means of buying from them, they cumin
j afford to pay us the same price for our eottoi
! as they could if trade was free between us.?
I If this cause operates only to the extent of di
I miiiishiiig the price of cotton one per cent pei
I pound, then if cotton is selling at ten cents
j per pound, and the cost of pr? dnction be six
j cents per pound, our planters incur an abso
j lute loss of twenty-five percent, of their cleat
i income.
That the protective policy is in violation o
the Constitution is S" obvious, that I will not
, stop to enlarge upon it. t
The protective policy being thus iri viola
' tiou of the gn at principles of taxation and tin
I Constitution, should be abandoned. So faramanufactures
may be consequential!) protect
eil by a strict revenue tariff, I have no objee
lion, for I take as much interest in witnessing
the prosperity of that interest, as any other in
terc.-t in the country. 1 only insisted that the
taxing power of the government shall not hi
u?ed unduly to foster this interest at the ex
pense of all otlie* interests.
Having seen what the principles of taxation
repudiate, let us see to what they lead. The)
lead, 1 conceive to the lowest rate of rcvemi*
duties, universality of impoMiion^iud diserim
illation against luxuries. The icvenuc stand
ard, ttiat rate of dot) upon every coinmoditv
which will afford the largest revenue, varies
upen different articles. Some will affoid tin
largest revenue at five per cent.; others at fif
teen per cent.; and others at twenty per cent
The rea-on of this is ohvious. The ability o
a commodity to pay a tax on importation aii
ses fioru the fact that the cost of production il<
ss abroad than it is here. The degiee ii
which thi> cost is less is various. Some com
modifies may be produced abroad fifty pei
cent cheaper than here; others only twent)
five; other* only ten, and some only live pel
cent. Tropical fruit* max In* produced sever
al hundred per cent, cheaper.abroad than wit I
us. Certain cotton niaimfactiires not over tei
per rent, cheaper. The revenue standard oi
different commodities, i-. hetvfore, neee-sariM
various. I propose to ascertain as near a!
may lie, thi* revenue standard in reference t<
every eonnitodity ; and. having found it, t>
graduate the tariff accordingly, to the. (owes
rates ht lew this standard which will turnisl
sufficient revenue. This repudiates a horizon
tal ta-iff; which indeed all experience and al
tlieo y repudutes. I Would have the dutie:
range from five to twenty per cent. To ar
range the details oT stn ha tariff would rcquin
a good d< al of consideration, but involves in
insurmountable difficulties.
|}\ universality of imposition, I mean thai
every commodity should pay some duty.?
When every commoditx p od some duty, every
conimodit v kxouhl pay the feat amount ??f duty.
It is like rai-iiiga uiveii amount by sti>?
seiiption; the gieater the amount of suhscri
Iters lite less the amount H individual stibserip
ti n The principle up<>u which the taxation
upon imp.iire<t* is, that i' is an as~es*nieiit
universal; any departure from the principle is
g'o-s iuroiisi*tciicy. To admit some a portion
i.f eonsimipti.iii or what is tin* same, ai'ilo
dntv fiee, and tax others, i* to permit ;i thine
a'portion of the eon-umcts to go fiee from ti
just hare oflaxatioti. What justice there iin
this smt of favoriteism, is beyond tnx eon eptiou.
To tax eonsuioptum. as V"U prole-j
to do, faiily, you must have universalitv of iut
po*itioti, ami reject the idea of a free list.?
'? " ' - - all ; . lr._ ...
I > Y MIIS llli'ail* \? mi win 11; 11 mnaiizt" i ?t.\ ?i 11* *i i
evvr\ cnusu 11 ? r will feel liis c I in* share of flu
burden. Tin; oniy articles I would admit free
would lie surii as, at the lowest rates, producer
a mere nominal revenue; as a matter of convenience,
such articles might be admit tec
free.
B\ taxing onlv a portion of tlie imports, a<
is pro oM'd l?v tlie S.eteoirv of the Treasmy,
and admitting a ma-s of a? tides free of duty
through tin- exercise of a little legislative |e
uer.ieiiiaiue, tlie burden of'the duties may be
thrown on ceilain classes and sections, to the
exemption of other classes and sections. I d>
not imagine we can attain positive equality
under am tariff; for from tlie particular forms
of indnstiy, which are a'eo sectional in tlii?
country, it would he impossible to invent a tariff
that would bear with entire equality on
ali classes and sections, Put though we cann
-t ait tin positive equality, it does not follow
but that we should obtain nsmuelias is attain
able. It may be said this universality of duty
is not a-near an approximation to l!:e fie<
trade as the free.li?l. sy?tem. Put I tliini; tin
contrary will appear from the slightest i dice
tiiin. I lle idea of a free list iuiplic? higliei
Unties mi uie icmuiiimg mipori*; .11:1 c 1111
extent to which tlit* I axed articles pay a highei
duty t" make up the deficiency caused by tin
I'ree.lM, to that extent is the importation ol
those articles discouraged. While you admit
some article free, and are thereby compelled
t" t i.x the remaining impoits higher, which an
nccessaiily more numerous and valualde, yot
more than countei halauee with one provision
the free importation yon encourage with another.
The nearest practical approximation ti
free trade consist* in a low duty diffused over
; id! impoiis, and not ;i high duty on some ar
| tides and no dotv oil otliers.
As rcgasds luxuries, the duties shnult
he higher on tl.em than on necessaries. He
, ciiuse the rich who consume them are abh
; with less burden to themselves, to pay a high
| er duty. An individual with an income o
twent y tlnuisaud doll.-os jier annum, can belt- 1
Npare ten percent of it lor govcrnnic.nl, that
? ne of five hundred dollars can spare five pei
cent. To insure, therefore, with equality, a1
. ..I 1 1 n ..
111licit as may in*, luxuries mioiiiii |).iv ;i iiigue
rate ? ! duly. !';it tliis pr!t <-i|>l<. should it>?t l?
pushed too lar , for experience lia> shown thai
, high duties on luxuries, consumed entirely In
j the rich, operate entirciy to diminish their eon
I siiiiipti in. an illustration on this point
| in England, from 1823 to 1821 the rate of dn
I tv on French wines was thirteen shillings nim
| pence per gallon, at which the consumptiot
was only one hundred and seventy-one thous
5 and eight hundred and thirty-eight gallons per
annu ; in 1S25, the duty was reduced to seven
shilling three pence, and during the subsequent
r four years, the average annual consumption
> rose to three hundred and sixty thousand four
; I hundred and fifty gallons. And an exhorbi
i j taut duty on luxuries, by discouraging their
L importation, may diminish the demand for the
i products of our industry, for which these luxu
ries are exchanged. To explain, France is en
- abled to buy our cotton and tobacco, to a cer
r tain extent, with her brandies, wines and silks.
5 If we tax these articles too highly, it will re,
act upon ourselves and affect the demand for,
and, consequently, the price of, these staples.
r Such a tariff as the one I have recommended
would, I think, carry out as near as may
f be, the principles of taxation 1 have indicated
t as desirable. Tlv burdens of taxation would
? II - . ?e nucelKIn rill ;il| f'lilSSPS 3lld
lail ?1."? lljlllll IJ MO |KICi]>t/lV ? ....
-ections. As little interference as possible
would be bad with the industry of the country.
; And it would be strictly constitutional. I invite
scrutiny to my recommendations, and I
confidently challenge the ablest financiers in
; | this Hou-e to suggest a tariff system which
-1 will be more responsive to the great principles
J of taxation I have submitted to you.
The difficulty from a revenue tariff is not
. t' at we will have too little revenue, but too
much. As an evidence of this, j would refer
i | to the results of the present taiiff. Messrs.
I Webster, Evans, Winthrop and others, insisted
that the tariff of 18-40 would not furnish >ntlicent
revenue. They estimated the receipts
from twenty two to twenty-six millions, and
j \ et in 1353 the receipts from litis tariff wore
58.931,805 52, nearly three times more than
the smallest otimutc. 1 have no douht that if
we abandon the protective policy, any reduc.
lion of the duties, which it may be found praef
ticable to make at litis time, will be followed
j in les-i than ten years by another surplus in the
n i Tieasmy ; for the resources of the country are
i ! in an extraordinary stale of development. Our
| commerce "ti one of our ocecns, the Pacific, ir
j yet in it< infancy, excluded as it is from the
Eastern Archipelago by the cupidity of the
r j Dutch, ami from Japan by a fierce cotiserva
- j tism. When it bur-t these barriers, and glitt
j teig with the treasures of the gorgeous East,
i ! the most san-uine will be astounded,
i I To prevent these future surplus uccitmuhi
:! thins, 1 would authoiise tlie Secretary of the
, i Treasmy to reduce the du'ies a regular per
? ! cci.tage every six months, after a surplus be
11 gun to accumulate, until the receipts only ei
quailed tlie wants of the government. It may
i he objected that this is a dangerous power to
. J an Executive officer; but I do not apprehend the
I people can ever be seriously injured by a re
? , duel ion of taxation.
En-ni -uch a tariff* as I have recommended,
> | the mati'iial advantage would be incalculable,
i ; VV'e would approximate as near as possible to
f.ee trade?the great privilege of selling where
t \ on can seil dearest, and bin ing where you can
j buy cheaiiest?I he i idlest bomi which, .under
a good government, can be extended to the in
j diistrv of any country. Agiicuiture and corn
| uierce would feel the touch of a magic wand.
Manufactures would rest on a more natural,
. and eonseipieii!ly a more permanently prospe
i J i ons basis. Of all interests, however, the com
! uierci.il would be I lie mo-t benefitted. Of all
. ! paits of the Confederacy, no part would be so
i j electrified as the imperial city of New York,
j The golden streams which free trade would
; pour into her lap would be richer than the
i sands of l'uctolu*. Her merchant princes
. would light upiheir marble hall w iih Aladdin's
lamp. Horace Walpole once said, with a fore;
I sight in advance of his age,''make Loudon a
: free port, and by cn-cquence the market of
. I the wi.nl I." Make New York a tree port, anil
, ! L'-ioion and Amsterdam will be at the month
- iif ihe liudsiin. Indeed the advantages which
; | would result from this advance to free trade
I beggar ocscriptioii. American industry would
1 Kiii-.uir tn iu-r feet, and breaking the chains
i -1 - n ~ - - j
I which have hitherto impeded her progress, lit'r
guiut head would shake the continent.
; i I have 111) doubt tin1 re are some around mo
| | win) will dissent from lliis picture, ami consid
er any departure from the protective policy as
: a calamity. J o all such I recall to iniiid the
j notes of woe which were sounded in ISlti, on
the passage of the tariffuf that year tnodily iug
i to some extent the more proteetive tariff of
1 ls-l-J. .Mr. Miles, of Connecticut, said, that if
; the l?ill parsed it would he cipdvalent to a geiis
oral confiscation. In describing the disastrous
' coi,sequences to result from the repeal of the
i 1 a< I of ISl'i. growing eloquent, he *aid ' the
. only parallel to it was to be found in the re
peal of the ediet ol Nantz." Mr. Sinimons
said : "this bill, (tariff of 18 l(i) was to take
' bread from the orphan, and from millions
. wlios> employment would be swept awav."?
. Mr. Huntington protested against this bill in
the name of his people,'"who were about to he
thrown upon the woild without bread or the
means of obtaining it." Mr. Webster, in his
^'peculiarly felicitous manner, said, "all the in*
. dust ry ot the land is against it ; the m inufae
|*j turers are against it; the ship owners are against
it ; no man cries God s-ive it ; it is against
I the sentiment oftlie land." Such were the mel
ancliolv fi?iel???iliii?rs with which the modified
i tariff of INIli was ushered into being.
i I appeal to tbe signal progress of the conn
try since then, though we are far front having
> I free trade yet. as the best commcutaiy on these
protective prophecies. 1 w onbl, however, par.
j ticularly relcr to the increase of imports and
tonnage, the best possible thermometers of the.
I prosperity ol'tlie emmtrv. In 1811, the imports
. were glOSj.'i.'i.OttJ against *108.1 IS,HI 1 in
IN'M, showing that under the protective policy,
I v\hilo the population had increased one-half,
f imports remained stationary. In ISfiJf, under
r the less piotoetive larilf of IS-IO, imports had
i run up to 8207,078.(517. In 1NJJJI, the tonnage
r was 1,000,151; in 18-11 it had only increased
s to 2,280,0D;>; in I ST)-') it had expanded |o 1,r
107,010. Thoe are stuldiorn lacls ; and if
such be the mill to result from a departure from
' nrilii't- niiiiiiciid me to .such ril
L* , l"- .... , , -
; ' in. Tin1 country may well say to free trade,
- ; in the words ol the maiden's love son;;,
l i '"Ruin is sweet, if thou undo me."
Those protectionists who oppose ft further
? j reduction of duties now, will, I trust, be sninoi'
what guarded in their prophecies of woe. fireat.
mamam nann ?obi ?n?'
as would be tlie material advantage resulting
from an adjustment of your tariff' strictly to
the revenue standard, the moral advantages
would be greater. As Mr. Burke philosophically
remarks, the spirit of liberty in modern society
inheres in the taxing power. And there
are no people, more sensitive upon this subject
than the people of this confederacy.
It cannot be denied that the taxing powers )
of this government have been excercised tin
justly to the section to which 1 belong. We i
are not ignorant of our wrongs, whatever may 1
be the patience with which we endure them.?
v.... i - ? ? ........a.,!
M.MU Iirive a lUl lUJJillU U|?|JUI (Ulllljr Ml n-nn'wwi
ingyour financial policy on great principles of 1
truth and justice. Will you avail yourselves
of it? I trust you .will. Before us is a future 1
more glorious than was ever given to any patriot
in any ago to look upon. To realize it,
it is only necessary for those in whose hands is
the direction of public affairs, to elevate themselves
to the dignity of their mission, and, lis- 1
ing above class and sectional ideas, advance
boldly in the path of truth, justice and the Constitution.
Place the founda ions of your Govi
eminent in those great principles, and faction
! and anarchy and fanaticism will in vain seek
I to impede our triumphal progress to prosperity,
1 to greatness, and to glory. Under the influence
of these ideas, the star of our destiny, as
j it wheels its majeetic course, full circle, flaming ;
I through the mighty firmament, sublimed with J1
! the grandeur of its hopes, would move tlieuui!
ver5.nl human heart, for in its wouderous ascension,
nu n would see the impulsion of a G"d.
I have thus endeavored to put forward these
great principles upon this subject which have
lioeti so long and so ardently cherished by the
State of South Carolina. The master intellects
with which she was able in the past so gloriously
to illustrate these principles, have fallen into
eternal night. The light of their genius still
flashes along the pages of your history, but
tliev are no lunger ol the earth. To those of
us who have succeeded them upon this arena,
remains only the humble task of manifesting
our fidelity to the great truths which they in
cuieatcd.
Jtlisrrllnntnus.
Japan and the JapaneseIn
their social and domestic life the Japanese
arc truly Asiatic. Their females occupy
but a subordinate position, although tl.ey are
permitted to share in all the innocent recreations
of their husbands and fathers, and are not
held in such jealous seclusion as in some parts
ol India. Their minds are cultivated with as
tniich care as is bestowed upon the education
of the men, and the literature of the country
boasts of many female names. They are live:
ly and agreeable companions, and are much
celebrated lor the ease and elegance of their
manners. With all these privileges which they
enjoy they are yet in a state of total dependI
eiice, and polygamy, and the power of divorce
I is indulged in to t:ie extreme by the husbands.
; Children are brought up in the habits of imI
piicit obedience, and all of every rank arc sent
to school, where they learn to read and write.
Beyond this degree of education, however, the
children of the rich arc instructed in morals,
and the whole art of good behavior, including
the minutest forms of etiquette. Arithmetic,
and the science of the almanac, form another
important portion of their education, since it
would he in the highest degree disgraceful to
commence any important undertaking on an
unlucky day. And last, as the finishing study,
they are initiated into the mysteries of the Hani
Kiri, literally meaning, '"happy despatch,"'
hilt which is in reality the mode of self destruction
by which every Japanese of distinction
i feels bound to resort, upon the occasions where
I his life is at stake from any impending penally.
At the age of fifteen years the Imvs have
i (lieirheads shaved, and they then become memj
her.- ofsnricty. They also receive a new name
at this time, and invariably upon every ad;
vancc in rank the old cognomen is changed for
j a new one. Nor are these the only occasion [
i when this change takes place; no subaltern is \
| allowed to hear the same name wi'h his chief,
: ami therefore when an individual is appointed
! to a high station, every one under him who
chances to he his namesake, must immediately
find and adopt a new name.
In marrying, equality of rank hot ween the
[contracting parties is the first requirement, and
i when no obstacle of this sort stands in the way.
J the youth declares his passion by attaching a
! branch of a ccitaiu shrub to the house of the J
j young lady's parents. If this is neglected, so
is hi> .-nit; if it is accepted, so is the lover; and \
if the damsel wi>hes to put her reeiproeit> of
j this offer beyond a doubt, she forthwith black- '
i ens her teeth. J'resents, as amongst most urij
eutal nations, are now exchanged, and after,
j with great ceremony, burning her toys, to inl
dieate that she is to be no longer childish, she is
1 presented by her parents with a maniage dress
and sonic articles of household furniture, among
w hicli are always a spinning-wheel, a loom, and
the culinary implements required in a Japanese
kitchen. All this bridal equipment is conveyed
in great state to the bridegroom's house,and
exhibited on tlio day of the wedding.
How they fiSury their Dead ill \aplc>i.
N. I'. Willis, in ;in account of Iiis visit to
Italy, speaks of tlie burial vaults in Naples in
the following manlier:
An old man opened the iron door, and we
entered a clean, spacious, and well paved area,
with long rows of iron lings in the heavy slabs
ol the pavement. Without asking a question,
the old man walked across to the farther corner,
where stood a moveable lever, and fastening
the chain into the fixture, raised the nia*sive
stone cover of a pit. lie requested us to
>tand back for a few minutes to give the etllu
via lime to escape, and then sheltering our eyes
with our hats, we looked in. You have read,
of course, that there are three hundred and sixI\-five
pits in this place, one of which is open!
ed every dav for the dead of the city. 1 hey J
are thirty or forty feet deep, a11 ] each would
contain perhaps two hundred bodies. Lime id
thrown upon the daily heap, and it soon melts
into a mass of garbage, and by the end of tlio
year the bottom of the pit is covered with dry
white bones.
It was some time before we could distinguish !
anything in the darkness of the abyss. Fixing
my eyes on one spot, however, the outlines of
a body became defined gradually, and in a few
minutes, sheltering my eyes completely from
the sun above, I could see all the horrors ofj
the scene but too distinctly. Eight corpses,
all grown persons, lay in a confused heap to- ;
gcther, as they had been thrown in one after j
another in the course of the day. The last was ,
a powerfully made gray old man, who had fall- j
en flat on his back, with his right hand lyiag j
across and half covering the face of a woman. ,
By his full limbs and chest, and the darker col j
or of his leg^bclow the knee he was probably j
one of the lazzaroni, and had met with a sud i
den death.
1 iis right heel lay on ilie forehead oi a young i
man emaciated to the last degree, his chest J
thrown up as he lay, and his rihs showing like ,
a skeleton covered with skin. The close black !
eurls <>f the. latter, as his heau rested on anoth
er body, were in such strong relief that I could
have counted them. Off to the right, quite distinct
from the heap, lay in a beautiful attitude a
girl, as near as I could judge, of not more than
nineteen or twenty. She had fallen on the pile ;
11 nd rolled or slid away. 11 er hair was very j
long, and covered her left shoulder and bosom, i
her arm was across her body, and if her mother '
bad laid her down to sleep, she could not have
disposed her limbs more decently. Her head
had fallen a little way to the right, and her feet,
which were small even for a lady, were pressed
one against the other, as if alio, was about
turning on her side. The sexton said that a
young man had come with the body, and was
very ill for some time alter it was thrown in.
We asked him if respectable people were
brought here. "Yes," he said, "many?none
but the rich would go to the expense of a separate
grave for their relations."
People were often brought in handsome
grave clothes, but they were always stripped ;
before they were left. The shroud, whenever
tiiere was one, was the perquisite of the undertakers.
And thus are lltitig into this noisome
pit, like beasts, the greater part of the population
of this vast city?the young and old, the
vicious and the virtuous together, without the
decency even of a rag to keep up the distinction
of life! Can human beings thus be thrown j
away? men like ourselves?women, children, j
like our sisteis and brothers? I never was so '
humiliated in my life, as by this horrid specta- i
cle. I did not think a man?felon even or a
leper?what you will that is guilty or debased :
?1 did not think anything that had been human,
could be so reekle>sly abandoned. Poll!
It makes one sick at heart! God grant I may
never die at Naples!
Woman's Riruts Vindicated.?Edward j
II. Jones having advertised his wife Sarah A. !
through the columns of the Stamford (Conneeti |
cut) Advertiser, as absent from his bed and j
board, she carries the war into Africa in this j
style:
' Whereas my husband, Edward II. Jones,
hits falsely advertised that 1 have left his bed
and hoard, and that lie will pay no debts of my
contracting, etc., this is to inform the public
that the aforesaid Edward II. Jones had neither
bed nor board for me to leave, lie having
been living at the expense of my father; and
further, under the false pretence of procuring
money to pay his way to Birmingham, (Jonnectient,
he borrowed a dollar of my father, and
with that paid for his I) ing advertisement a- |
gainst me, and even after this dastardly act, he
took all the money I had and borrowed every
cent iii my mother's possession, and left the
town. For the first tinet* months he lias uecn
kept from nakedness and starvation by the exertions
of myself and relatives; he squanderdercd
in dissipation all the money his inborn
laziness would allow liirn to earn. The scamp '
need not have advertised that he would not pay !
debts of my eontr cling, for the public well
knows that lie would not even pay his own.?
lie is a lazy, ungratcly loafing scoundrel; not
content with living at the expense of mv rela* i
1 i : - L . .,*..1.1^1, i
IIVCS <11111 MO ITU* llig HlVJii uiuiivjt, iiu |VUW>|.7I1
es an outrageous lie. His bed and board, in- !
deed! If left to himself tiis bed would be nuth- j
ing but a board, and 1 should not be much siir- I
prised if the bed he dies on were made of boards
with a strong cross beam overhead.
"?>auah A. Jones." '
Fiouting on tub Wuong Sidk.?Iii the j
Creek war, a jiortion of those Indians were
friendly to the whites, and have received boun- J
ty land warrants for their services, but ocea- |
sionall v one on tho wiong side of the question j
puts in his claim most ignorantly, but with 1
great faith in getting it. I
A short simc since a renowned Ilajo of the j
Creek nation requested the services of one ol our j
attorney swhile travelling in the Indian country, j
in procuring liis land warrant from the depart
incut, The lawyer was delighted at the pros- j
neei ol a trood fee?the Indian promising hint j
I o
halt' tl.o worth of I lie warrant in the event oil
it being obtained. The lawyer wished to know j
of his employer the services he had performed, j
" Don't know talk like this," said the aston-1
islied Indian.
" Well, who did you light under?" conlin- ]
ued the lawyer.
' Me light under log," said Hajo.
" No no; l)tit who was your captain I" the I
lawyer inquired.
" Ale big man, mo captain too," answered I
the Indian.
" 1 want to know where you fought," said j
the lawyer, ,k at what battle? '
" Me light hig heap, me shoot behind tree, !
me shout under bank river, shoot big gun heap," j
said the Indian.
" Well, what did you shoot at?" asked the
lawyer, thinking that lie would defer further |
questions till an interpreter could be procured. |
"Me shoot at General Jackson, tree, four j
times," replied the warrant seeker.
buycttevilie Imhj.cnden t.
^
krt,. ,,f ii,rt iruin who bows and i
\Miil uv. IKUV Vi VIIV .......
smiles, arid say. so many soft things to you ; !
lie lias no genuine love; while he who loves
you most sincerely struggles to hide the weakness
of his heart, and frequently appears decidedly
awkward.
Tub (iamrlrk.?The. testimony of gamblers
as ti? thrir own callous hearts is very
abundant and conclusive. Not intemperance,
not licentiousness, not highway robbery, nothing
short of murder so blunts the sensibilities
and sears the conscience as the habit of living ^
on chance. It is a slow poison, whose vims
gradually penetrates to the vitals, and sheds
its baneful influence over the whole system. It
eats out every sentiment of sympathy, of honor,
of self-respect, and whatever else stands between
a man and the total depravation of his
moral nature. It is not worth w hile to philoso.
phizc on the cause of this fact; but of the
fact itself there can he no doubt. The confirmed
gambler is harder to be reclaimed tlif.ii
any sol or debauchee. There is no basis f<>r
action. There are no principles to which appeal
can be made, no feelings to he around
by any addrcs?, however skilful. The man's
moral frame has become like a rotten beam,
into which you may drive all manner of nails
and screws, but not one will hold. The profane
wretches who gambled for the Savior's
seamless coat under the eyes of the dying victim,
were characteristic represcntaJLives of the
abandoned race.
It* there are sufferings, which,however dreadful
in their endurance, are yet susceptible of
amelioration, the sorrows w hich a parent's loss
awakens is not among the number; other
ties may bo replaced, other affections maybe
restored, but when death breaks the bond of
filial love, nature, honoring the most sacred of
her feelings, forbids a sentiment less pure, less
strong, succeeding to it; and though the tear
which sorrow sheds upon the parent's grave
may be dried by time, the loss which Lids that
tear to flow, can never be replaced by human
tenderness or human power.
A Beautikll Misd.?A beautiful mind is
like a prolific seed, the mother of loveliness,
the fountain of bliss, the produce of many treasured
and estimable floweis, which no cancer
can efface, nor time destroy. Even should
there be those of its lovely produce that pass
away, yet the source is there, the seed remains
to revive, to modify, to place again on our bosoms
and near our hearts, in renewed beauty,
in the same deep interest and winning power
as at. first. It should he gathered in as the
richest profusion, as the well-spring of the purest,
most abundant and enduring joys, as our
support, our comfort, and the cheering object
worthy of our highest admiration, and we
would cling to it, thanking God that it is immortal,
living forever.
TheMillerites in this city have renewed their
zeal of late, and confidently predict the end of
the world this year. They do not name the
precise day. That has been done several
times, and of course failed. The general plan
is to speak of the times as to occur sometime
during the present year. Some, however, fix
the time to be on the 26th of May, when the
great eclipse occurs. The progress of events
in Europe, they say, surely indicate the fulfillment
of the prophecy. The Czar of Russia is
making his last gigantic stride towards Constantinople,
which, when reached, will shut
the book of time for us. Their zeal is darkened
by words without knowledge, and long after
these devotees shall have returned to dust, their
ptesent words and acts will be pointed to as
an era of strange delusion among otherwi-e
sensible men.? Portland Argus.
Seuvons on the Nebraska Bill.?Bos
ton, Feb 12.?Rev. E N. Kirk, in his sermon
at the Mount Vernon Church, this morning,
- - - -it.. . ...j ........i.? n;n Tn.*
poilllt'uiv Cljiiuriillivu iiiCiicumana uiii. mw
Christian Church, he said should not close her
eyes t?? the reckless ambition of trading legislators,
tior cease to pray for their conversion
to honest and enlightened principles. He had
given in his adhesion to the compromise of
1S50, though hardly with a clear conscience,
for the sake of the permanent peace and unity ^
of the whole country. The passage of the Nebraska
bill, would in bis opinion, constitute ft
revolution. lie regretted that the author of
the bill should have been born in New -England.
In conclusion, he invoked the prayers of
the church for our legislators at Washington,
and especially for Senator Douglas and Franklin
Pierce.
The Rev. Theodore Parker also made the
Nebraska bill the subject of his morning dis- . d
course, denouncing it and its author with sarcasm.
o \ia..,i? i? k?c?
OA 1*1** IJ.W. iUUIIUilJ lilOl ttiu uuiiw 44 uwa
day in Sumrerv ille. Our streets were thronged
w itii :i goodly number of persons, and it was
somewhat remarkable that ever} one seemed
to have more business to attend to than could
be comfoitably crowded into one day's operations.
An unusual amount of property changed
hands, principally negroes. We took no special
note of sales: but prices generally reached
a pretty high ligtire. One boy, whom I sup.
posed you might call a plantation carpenter,
sold for near twelve hundred dollars, and a
small boy aged about twelve years brought
over eight hundred dollars.
Surnlerville Watchman.
Another Urbat Sale ok Nkoroes.?On
Saturday, the New Orleans Delta says, 40
negroes, belonging to the estate of the late D.
1'. Burthe, were sold by Messrs. Board and
May. for the sum of ?37,470. The sale was
to dose the estate, and consisted of old and
young, women and children. The prices obtained
for some were extraordinary, considering
the verv hard times. One man commanded
?3 000, another ?1,970, another ?1,600,
and another ?1,700. They were chieily Creoles
and had been with .Mr. lbirthe in his brick
yard and saw mill for many years.
*
aiw-ifureiini* Hughes.?The New York
Freeman's Journal lias the following in relation
to the health <?f this pn late. We are happy
to learn that letters have again been received
from Archbishop Hughes, and that his health
is again firmly established. At the time of
his writing lie was on a vi?it,to Malnnzns, and
had it in contemplation within two weeks to
sail for New Orleans, and so make his way
home bv the middle of March.
is