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VOLUME?^. CAMDEN, SOUTH-CAROLINA, TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 11,1854. NUMBER 7.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY
THOMAS J. WARREN.
T E It M S .
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H555^r^f5=5a=H!=!^ i
Bwrcllnraoits. \|;
For the Journal. ' 1
Our Duly in regard to Sleep.
(COPIKD FtiOM STL'KM, BY T.) 1 '
A melancholy remark we have often ocea- .
sion to mention, is, that m?st people lie down j
to sleep with an inconceivable insecurity. i.
To consider it only as far us it relates to ,
our bodies, the revolution produced by sleep '
ought to appear to us of great consequence; (
but if we consider it in stdl another light, if
we were to form to ourselves all that might
happen to us while we were enjoying repose, !
it appears to me, that in consequent, we
could not, or ought not to, throw ourselves in
to the arms of sleep, without having taken pro- 1
per precautions, and having, in a certain de J
gree, prepared ourselves for it. In reality, it '
is not surprising, that those w ho in their wa- >
king hours are s?> inconsiderate, so negligent '
of every duty, should be equally so in that '
which relates to sleep. Let us, however, learn II
in what manner we may gloiily God, and as ^
it becomes the character of a Christian in this
respect j 1
W hat thanksgivings are dm to the Creator
for the blessings of sleep! Some may not '
know the value of it, as it may have never 1
been denied to tlieir wishes, when they have (
desired it. But, h??w soon would sickness,
sorrow, fear and old age deprive them of the i
sweets of repose! Oh! it is then that they i 1
would acknowledge that sleep is the most '!
pressing want of nature, and at the same time !
an inestimable blessing of the Deity. But shall I
they wait till they lose this blessing to become ' '
wise ? No ; now while they enjoy the ad van* i 1
tages of sleep?and that the beginning of each '
night makes them feel its salutary effects?
never let them give themselves up to it without
a lively sense of gratitude tuwaids their ; 1
heavenly Benefactor. Let this gratitude prevent
them equally front making an abuse of j '
sleep, or, by a contrary extreme, not making j 1
use of it. j f
It is always wroag to prolong, through idle- j
ncss, the hours designed for repose. Nature; j 1
, in this respect, as in everything else, is content |
with a little ; and seven or eight hours of qui- ,
et, uninterrupted sleep, is as much as i? neces- i
sary. ^ j (
But we are not less blameable, when, thro1 |
avarice, ambition, or any oilier motive of that j J
sort, we lose our sleep and necessary rest. In |
both cases we act contrary to the rules estab- j .
lislied by G<>d, and contrary to the gratitude I
we owe him for such a bic>siug. Above all j .
things, let us endeavor to go to sleep with a ,
proper turn of mind. What should we do, if;
we were to know for a certainty, that from the I
. irins of sleen we were to pass into those of | ,
death ? Should we not employ our l ist mo-i
nieuts in preparing ourselves fur this passage, ,
In recollecting our past life, in set-king, through j
the blood of Christ, the omission of our sins? j
Well, then, we maj every night consider j
this case possible.
In eaeh winter's night?that is to say, in the
space of twelve or fifteen hours ?there die a-j
hove fifty thousand people. VY ho can say j
whose name is not in the list of those which 1
death will remove out of this world ? Now I
leave it to the decision of every one's heart, j
what they would have dune, it, in the midst, of
tiieir sleep, they had been called upon to appear
before the tribunal of Jesus. If in the j
course of this night, Hod had disposed of them,
wouid they have been prepated to appear before >
him ? Oh God, to whom all hearts arc open, j
and from whom 110 se?-rets are hidden, what i
^ can we conceal from Thee? YY'c daily feel i
our weakness?pardon >ius, we beseech Thee, |
and enter not into judgment with us for tliem. .
Pu not utility.
There are very few who have strength of'
* .1 . . I L a ! .
character sufficient at all limes t? < ?> now wnm
we may imj?c may lie done to mm row. Thus
we put offacting at the right finie.not because
it is easier done hereafter, but because we do
not wi>h now to maltj the effort. We make J
appointments and we do not keep them pane
tualiy, and think little ol it ; but we have no i
Conception of the annoyance we cause our ;
friends, we abase their patience, consume their
time, and lead them to distrust oui^ f^bmises
in future. Malaucthon says, when lie had an !
appointment, he expected not only the hour !
but precisely to the minute to be fixed, that J
the time might not run out in idleness or sus !
peine. The punctuality of l>r. Chalmer'-- latin
r was su well known, that his aunt, appear j
> ing one morning too la e at breakfast, and well I
knowing what awaked her, if she exposed herself
defenceless to the storm, thus managed
to divert it : "U. Mr. Chalmers!"' she exclaimed,
as she entered the room, I had such a
strange dream last night ! I dreampt you
were dead."'
"Indeed !" said Mr. Chalmers, quite arrested
by the announcement which bore so directly
upon his own future history
4* A ?w! I rli/snrsMtf " nAiif imuwl elm tllP
*111U A VI i Vfll 111*1 y VWHtinuv\l oaavy v???v
funeral day was named ; the funeral hour was j:
fixed, and the funeral cards were written ; and i '
the day came; and the folks came; and the j *
hour came; t>ut what do you think happened? ! I
Why the clock had had scarce done chapping
(striking) twelve, which had heen the hour j
named in the cards, when a load knocking was <
heard in the collin, and a voice, peremptory, , i
and ill plea-ed like, came out of it saying j I
"Twelve's chaopit, and ^e'cr no liftin'." 1
Mr. Chalmers was himself too great n humor- j s
ist not to relish a joke so quickly and clevorly 11
r
contrived, .and the ingenius culprit felt tli.it she
bad accomplished more than an escape. Let
inly those follow her example who can equal
her wit.
We do not pretend to know the secrets of
the ladies' toilet, hut we do know that somebow
or other, when waiting for a lady to accompany
us at an Appointed hour, we have to
wait a long time, while she "just slips 011 her
tilings and wi 1 he ready in a moment."
Whether it is our impatience for the return
>f her bright, facp, or whether it is because we
know not the mysteries of just slipping 011 her
things?whatever it is, we do know that the
wear and tear of patience is terrible, and we
often wish she had said frankly : "Sir, I have to
1 - , .1 ? a..**
limit my domes, ureas mjr oao, uu^u mjr wunet,
lace my boots,' ( lift a collar, cologne my
handkerchief, and cannot possiblyoe leady under
bait' an hour."
So when the boll rings for breakfast, dinner,
tea, or recitation*, some one is always a little
tardy ? a little late in rising, dressing, at meals,
it church?everywhere some one is behindhand.
The rest wait, and run and call, and
try to aid her, and when at last she appears,
i on wish th.it, in addition to all she has put mi, i
die had adorned herself with one more garlient
of beauty?the habit of being punctual.
The Daughter at School, by Rev J. Todd.
? *
Scenes at Rome.
A correspondent of the Boston Traveller
jives us an interesting view of the oil-described
wonders of the Coliseum, and other objects at
Rome.
" Next to St. Peter's the pride of Pome, is
he Coliseum. No drawing, no description,
;an give you an idea of the imposing ell'ect of
this giandeiir in ruins, and I shall not attempt
Its chief attraction, however, is its lii-ton .
laving stood there for 1800 years a cotem
|iorary of the Christian era. This gieat woik
was completed by Titus ten years after the
jonqiiest of Jerusalem; and little thought that
[Kigali architect, or the captive JeWs whom lie
employed to build it. what a monument they
were rearing to Judca's king.
" At its dedication four thousand wild heiffcts
were slain in its arena. After that it was consecrated
by nobler blood. For nearly four
iniidred vears it continued to lie the scene of
j ? ~ - jladiatoral
combat, and often! imes exhibited
die most fri??littVil barbarities; the records of
die church being full of the names of Christian
martyrs who perished within it-; einhrace. The
building is now a ruin, having for nearly two
iiindred years supplied the Rom 111 princes with
material for their palaces, and scill the main
walls keep their p ace, firm and unshaken, in
olid majesty, bidding defiance to all the invasions
of man, and even to Time himself. And
?o it will remain unto all coming ages, a mighty
witness to the Truth, of which it is itsell u lit,ing
end.lout,
" While stands the Coliseum. Rome shall stand;
"When tails the Coliseum, Rome shall fall,
And when Rome lulls, the world."
A cross now stands in the centre of the a relit,
and front a rude pulpit undertmath, a monk
reaches cvcy Friday?the slaughter house of
Jhrisii.uis at length a Christian temple.
The space enclosed within the amphitheatre
s about six actes, and would ptohuhly contain
tune than a hundred thousand spectators,
i'liere are two main entrances?the one the ancients
devoted to the conquerors, through the
titer they carried their dead.
Probably there is no scene in the world more
mprcsive than that commanded by the Tow r
of the Capital. On every side around \on
I is ail classic ground. Here are the Seven
Hills of yore, where sat the mi.-tiess of the
world. There is the old Tnnnti, from whose
ostium in the center Cicero's voice swaviM
die nuiltitude. These three superb columns
In-longed to the temple which Augustus raised
o Jupiter Tomtits, in memory ot a tlmiuU i bolt
* Inch had fallen near him on tin- spot. There
s the arch erected by the senate to requite the
xploits uf Septimus Sevcrus. Further oil'yon
see the Temple ot Fortune, and a little distance
lie ruins of a temple d< dicated to the miii and
moon, l?y tlie Emperor Hadrian. Tliis is the
irch of'litus commemorating in its bas-rclitd's
lie dest ruction of Jerusalem, and interesting as
i record of Scripture histoiy. It is said that
10 Jew will ever pass beneath it, and the lilt!**
.Mth they take to avoid it is pointed out.?
Vud that is the triumphal arch of Cou^tautine,
.lie first Christian Emperor, its insciiptiou
'Fundu/ori quictis' (t*? the founder of Peace,)
iminiiiicing the end ol the perseeiitions of the
Jliinch.
There stood the hou?e< of Salln^t and Pomiey.
This el iff near us, with the cluster of
iirty houses around it, is the famous Tarpehtli
|{oek, down whieli the traitor criminals were
.hrowii ?" That fatal leap which ctued a.I am
litioii." That hill yonder where you see those
mge piles of stones overgrown villi tiees and
iiiislies, is the Palatine, and those are the re
mains of the palace of the Catsars. The vast
lollow ju-t below on the other side, once em
losed the Circus Maxhniis, built by Julius Caesar,
an<l large enough to hold three hundred
thousand people, thus ainu>ing a whole nation
at the same moment. .So nearly did it touch
the imperial palace that Nero from his window
...nl.l <rivi> ii ?.i<rii:d fur the iiaincs to c.oinnieiice.
k,""lv? - ? o - ?
[J/r there in a distance you see the Tower of
L'onti, fiuin which Nero overlooked the con-j
inflation of the city, alter applying tliu torch
A'ith his own hand.
The finest specimen of Roman architecture
low extant, i? the Pantheon of Agrippa. The1
indents described it with admiration eightotn
centuries ago, and it still remains the liest pre-)
served monument of modern Rome. The nolle
portico, with its sixteen columns of Oriental !
granite, is pronounced faultless in its "propor- !
ions, and the highest triumph of art. It is
dsn intere-tiug as having once been a pagan
iemplc. The inscription or the frieze of the
mtablature shows that it was erected by Agrip
;>a in his third consulate, R. O.720
The Mississippi Synod of the Presbyterian!
rinircb lately held in Jackson, resolved to
aise forty thousand dollars to establish a Rook
Depository i?i New Oi leans, the buildings of
a bich have already been purchased, and responsible
guarantee oblaine in that city that
he money will bo loi'inconiinjj.
Volcanoes?Their Causes.
The general theory, embraced by some lead
ing men of science, in reference to the cause of j
volcanoes, is that they are the smoke-pipes of j
the great liie in the interior of this earth.? ;
They helirve that we are living on the top of j
a huge white-hot cauldron, and that volcanoes ;
in different parts of the world are merely vents !
of this eternal fire. The following are the:
views of Professor Silliinan, of Yale College,;
on the subject, embraced in a lecture, lecent- i
!y delivered in New York city. .
The internal heat of the earth is proved -by ^
direct experiments. A gentleman is-jrtfll living j
iii I'aris. who first called the Ciftfcwtfon ofgeol-j
ogists and philosophers to this subject, lie
tvas oiieolTtftose scientific men who aceompa- |
nied Napoleon to Egypt, when he went on that J
j great expedition ?for Napoleon took with him i
not only the weapons of war, but he took a j
much more important cohort?that i?, men of !
seience and art, and literature, able to explore j
and examine till the antiquities of the most!
| important and venerable country. A great liI i
j erary work resulted from this expedition, whi ;'o J
| proved to the world that the interior of the 1
i earth was in a heated state, bringing together I
facts already known in regard to mines and j
springs.
This general principle announced, has been |
' fofiowed uji repeatedly by very deep borings ,
called artesian wells. The very deep well in j
I'aris had been worked upon for seven years, j
without reaching water, when Arago came for
ward and gave the government assurance that'
j if they would continue the work, and go I
through the beds of chalk, they would in till j
j probability find water. They continued their .
[ wot k* till they gut down through the chalk, I
| when the water rose up in a great volume of !
I twelve feet. This water still (lows there, and :
i doubtless will continue to How to the end of j
I time. This water was found to be very hot. j
j .Many other artesian wells have been made all ,
I over Europe, for various purposes, and the u- j
i inform result has been, that we find the earth j
1 increasing in heat the lower we go down, Add ;
i to this the testimony of those who work in ve I
I ry deep mines, and we ascertain the fact
j thai the rale of heat increases about one de I
i gree for every fifty feet of descent ; so that if |
! we were to go down two miles, we should '
j find hoiiiiig water, and at ten miles we j
| might reasonably expect to arrive at ignited i
; rocks. Is all, then, beneath us on fire ? 1 am
! not prepared to say, with some, that this is |
I rlu. c'lcii !iItlinmrb there is strong evidence to i
I ..... > 0 ? O {justify
such a theory. Witness the geysers of
i Iceland, where hut waters are gushing'up from
the earth age after ago and century after
century. The result of all observation on
springs g.>es to show that 'hey are thermal? '
! that is. uf a higher temperature. The Azores
| present a very important fact in example. The 1
I hot springs of 1,ticca, in the Appenine moun- |
tains, arc large spouting springs of a high i
temperature, so copious that they may be re- |
| lied upon fur h"t baths all the year round.? |
A lot her e.ti-u i<> tlx* Lot t.pring<i of Rath, Rn- ,
gland. These are tlie more remaikable, as j
.there are no volcanoes in the British Islands. I
We know that from the time of the Romans, |
these waters have never ceased to gush up in j
vast abundance. ' j
The h"t springs of the. Rocky Mountains are '
also very itiipoi act, and tlie great Salt Lake
Jin Virginia is very hot. Taking the aite-iau
wells and the thermal, we have from these
sources the be-t evidence of the heated temperature
ot the internal portion of the earth, and '
Iliis is placed beyond all question, by the great |
vnlyiiioi-s in the win Id. And lieie we have,
decisive evidence that the heat which will melt
the solid rock is not connected with any exter- J
unl came; for aun iig the cold, icy mountains, ;
there are volcanoes bursting up tu the height'
j of l->,000 I'eet.
In Spain and South Amciiea we find great!
volcanoes bur-ting nut. The fact is, the world I
is on (ire. It luis always been on tire. It was
kindled at the time of its creation, and has j
I been hurtling ever ?.iuce.
Dr. Aulis-I, of this city, recently delivered :i j
j lecture, in wliieli tlie same* views are developed j
I ?as lie embrace* the. electrical theory, he cor- j
j tainl\ militates against the nehiilar theory.? i
; Both agree a* to the internal heat, viz : that j
we live on top ?>f a furnace.?Scientific Anter I
icon.
The Sabbath.
What it blessing to mankind is the christian :
|
Sahbath ? releasing us, as it does, one whole j
o.iy in seven, from onr secular toils, cares stud j
respoiisiliilil ies ; giv ing us time to refresh our
, wea'icd bodies anil minds, and by prayer,
I leading the Sriiptines, and 'sitting under the j
j droppings > f H,e sanctuary," to prepare fori
thatre>t, which leiiiaiucth to the people of j
! God. What could we do, "what should we be,'
: without the Sabli.itli ? So many and so pow- j
: eilul are our enemies within and without, that |
j if the sun had not been commanded us it were, 1
to stand s'i I - ne whole day in seven, to help !
! us in ??ui sj'iiuu.ii warm re, we sncmu assiiieu- ;
ly Ik- overcome?the host of Amalek would
| prevail.
Did those who labor, or journey, or seek
i their own pleasures in worldly amusements on
' the Sabbath, but consider what they lose by it
in "the life that now is," and how they forfeit!
everything in "that which is to come," they j
would rest, "according to the commandment,"
and spend the day in the public anil private ex I
erei es of God's worship. There is a law of t
the human constitution which as imperatively j
forbids unceasing bodily and mental toil, as I
(!'*e fourth commandment does. Men cannot j
I safely labor none than six days in the week. |
They must have one day in seven to rest, or j
they will gradually undermine their health, and j
shorten their lives. And those who, though!
[ they lay aside work, spend the day in amusements,
lose all the blessings of a religious oh j
i servanec, and expose themselves to temptations
under which untold thousands have, lall011
into "destruction aue perdition."
Mow delightful it is on a Sabbath morning j
to.set- tin* families of ;i village, or ot a scalier- :
e<l rural population mining up from every quar. ;
ter to the house of 11 it; Lord, to "enter his j
: eouits with thanksgiving, and liis gates with j
praise and how much more delightful will it j
lie, when uuue shall foisake the assembling of)
themselves together, as the manner of so ma.
iiv now is. That the good time will come
when the world shall be "tilled with the knowledge
and glory of the Lord," is as Certain as
the.promise of God can make it; and then all
lho families of the earth will remember the
Sabbath day to keep it holy ; for wberi-'ver the
gospel goes with its saving powe/Vlhc Sabbath
goes ah ng with it. jSaw^/tliere are many
interruptions, hindrances and violations; but
then, there \v ijL.be-none. There will not be
an hour, a moment, from the beginning to the
end of 'ffie^Subb ath, in which the voice of pubffeprnyer
and praise will cease.
It will not be the "the morning drum-beat"
of one great and proud nation, following the
journey of the sun around the world ; but it
will be "glory to God iu the highest, peace on
earth and good will to men." Keeping pace
with all the hours as they roll 011, while some
congregations will be retiring from their houses
of worship, others a little farther on will be
assembling in theirs ; and thus will it be with
successive crowds of worshippers, filling up all
the twenty four hours. Thus as the songs of
Zibn die ar ay upon the lips of the earlier
choirs, they will be taken up by the latter;
and so, as it were, keep the heavenly arches
every moment ringing with "salvation to our
God who sitteth upon the throne, and to the
Lamb." O what joy will it be to the redeemed
'already iu heaven, if they shall not only
hear these songs going up from all the earth
on every returning Sabbath, hut take them up,
and sound tliem forth, in far higher and more
rapturous hallelujahs, "unto Him who loved
them, and washed them from their sins in his
own blood."?American Messenger.
Preservation of the Eyes.
There is an old tradition that the eyes arc
st rengthened and the vision preserved in old
age, by rubbing the closed eyelids frequently
with the finger in a horizontal direction. About
three years ago, there was considerable
excitement in this city by persons professing to
cure weakness of I'Uioti, yea, even restoring
failed sigjit, by manipulating the eye balls.?
Tiie New York Scalpel treats such pretensions
as delusive, and asserts that such treatment, as
tiicciiatiicai manipulation for the eyes is positively
injurious. It cites some cases where
great injury resulted to those who submitted
to rubbing of the eyes for the. cure of laded
sight, and instances a case of a man who lost
bis sight forever by some one ? a friend?who
thoughtlessly came behind him and closed his
eyes firmly with bis hands, calling upon him to
guess who it was?a not uncommon custom
among thoughtless young people. The eye is
so very tender, is such a line specimen of mechanism,
that it must be bandied anil treated
with great care and gentleness. .Many be
come short-sighted at an early age, constitutionally
or by sickness, or by imposing toe
much Lbor upon those wonderful organs. In
health, the eyes will undergo much fatigue
but they are as capable of being overtaxed as
the arms or other limbs. Much reading 01
wilting, l.y <11 i.ill. ial liylst, w vim-y tr.ving tu till
eyes, especially if the light is unsteady, toe
brilliant or too weak. A good full light, sha
deil with a light blue globe, is the best to reai
or write with during evening hours. Upon m
consideration should a man read more than 4
hours at once by artificial light, ami he'should
give bis eyes ton minutes rest alter lie has reai
two hours; this is the experience we have gathered
fn>m not a lew persons. Those who art
blessed with strong eyes should not overtax
them, as many zealous students do, by toe
4 1 .1 .
much night study, or as some inercnnuvs uu
by too much night wilting. There are install
ccs mi record of a sudden loss of sight by
strong men, who had read and written by lamj.
light, as if their eyes would never fiiil, aoc
their vision never lose its power. Theeelelrra
led ICuler lost his eyesight by an imprudeiil
niglii's study, in some of his niatliematicii
ealeulalioiis. The smoke of lamps is veiy
horiful to the eyes, lu-nce a good circulation
of air is necessary for the eyes as for the lungs
The Scalpel asserts that it is injurious to wasl
the eyes by dipping the face in a basin, am
opening I lie eyes in the water, and recommend?
cold tea, or milk and water for bathing the
eyes in preference to the water itself. A very
weak solution of the sulphate of zinc is excel
lent for blood shot or surface inflamed eves
we have m-ver known it to fail in effecting s
cure in a few days.
?
Cousins.?John Brougham made a very hit
uiorous speech at the Mitclnl! dinner, in replv
to a I oast?" the ladies"?from w hich we makt
the following extracts:
" Who is there that has not felt a mother'!
love, a sister's kindness, and sometimes tin
dangerous seductiveness of prox mity and af
tectum lor a pretty cousin '( [Laughter.] The
i .... !...< tin i?i , I ill'..,-hi, t Irttin thai
It) V U lll.il UHC Iimio MIV/MI * ?...
?o a si>t.T, but perhaps not less intense. Il
puis me in mind of some verses I once read.
" Had you ever a cousin. Tom?
Did your cousin iiappen to sing?
Sister's we've had by the uur.eii, fom;
But a cousin's a different thing. _
You'll lind whenever you've kissed her, Tom?
Though that kiss be a secret between us?
Your lips will be all of a blister. Tom,
I?'or she's uot of the sister genus.''
'ITausiinkss.?Be careful how you speak.
Don't use harsh words if you can possibly In
it. If you cannot gain your object by kindui
you will not by harshness. O, that all wot
be kind and good, and not harsh and cross.
See the effects of goodness all around us?
bright looks, cheerful hearts, and sunny dispt
lions.? Olive Branch.
? ?
R audioes Books.?"If, said Daniel W\
ster to a friend, "religious books are uot wit
ly circulated among the masses in this count
and the people do not become religious, I
not know what is to become of us as a initio
There is something ?n this one sentence for s
emu reflection on the part of every patriot nfi.
every Christian. % If God and his Word are il()
iii our midst, the devil will Ik?; anarchy and ni is
rult', 11 iicl degradation and misery, corrupt! rn
and darkm-s<, will reign without mitigation a
without end.
When is siigardiko a pig's eye f Give it u p
When it's in a hog's-head!
(I
Slnope*
Tlie town of Sinope (Sinoub of the Turks) is
situated in Anatolia, on the shore of the Black j
I Sea, half-way between Constantinople and Tie- j
; bizond, and about one hundred leagues from j
i each of these places. It is dependent on the
j Grand Pashalik of Angora, and has a popula- i
tion from eight thousand to ten thousand in-.
habitants. The town is built on the isthmus !
of a pensiusula, which runs out into sea in the I
| form of a proipontory. It is the most norther-!
j ly point of this immense coast. The port ex!
tends to the east of tlie town, but as it is not in*
| closed by any moles, it can only be considered .
! as an open roadstead. The roadstead is defen1
i 11 -i .1. ?u?.
: deci r>y naileries, ana oy me casn? ui mc iu? u .
! ?a large, massive construction, raised in the
lime of the Greek emperors. To the west'
ward of the peninsula is another anchorage, called
Ak-Di:nan, or the White Port.
The importance of Sinope consists in i'.s naval
arsenal and building-yard, the only one in
j Turkey besides that at Constantinople. Ships!
of the line and frigates are built there. The
j oak cot on the surrounding mountains is very
j hard, and the vessels built at Sinope are conJ
sidered the best in the Turkish fleet. The en|
gineers are, for the most part, foreigners, in
I the service of Turkey, and the workmen are
j Greeks of the country, who are paid from ten
to twelve sons a day. The fortifications of the
port are incomplete and in a bad state. In
1808, at the time of the attempt of Admiral
Duckworth 011 Constantinople, then defended
by General Sebastiana, the French Embassador
that officer comprehending the importance of
Sinope, sent two French officers and two sub
officers of engineers to improve the fortifica1
tions. Their first care wag to erect a battery
j at the point of the promontory, in such a posi|
lion as to be able to command both sides of
j the peninsula, and the entrance of the roadstead.
They afterwards traced out several works of
1 defence, some of which were never executed,
1 and the others were not kept in repair any more
j than the rest of the fortifications. Thus the
I place remained without receiving any repairs
I for forty years, and those which have been lately
commenced have not received the necessary
developoment. The Russians, in 1807, made
; an attack on Trebizond by sea, and were re!
pulsed; but as they had never attempted any
thing against Sinope, the Turks persuaded
; themselves that fhey had nothing to fear, and
| they have just been roughly punished for their
i earlessness. It may be readily conceived that
11 six ships-of-the-line, with their heavy broad'
sides. suddenly appearing in the roadstead,
i could soon knock to pieces such old and dila.
j pidated ramparts It cannot bo called a ses|
light, since the Turkish vessels were all at an.
chorat the port. It appears, according to the
. despatches, that they were sunk by an irresisli
i i bly superior fire, to which the Turkish battei
! ties were not able to reply for any length of
(I time#
j j The cfnnonade, we are told, only lasted one
r hour, and that space of time was sufficient to
. | destroy thirteen vessels, ten of which were
>! vessels of war, and three transports. If the
. | war is to continue actively next year i:i Eu|
rope, and in Asia, it will become a matter of
, i great importance for the Turks to rebuild the
I fortifications of Sinope on the principles of
I ,! modern art, and to put that place in security,
| 1 not only against a conp de-main, like the pre.
I sent, but also in a state to maintain a regular"
., siege. If the Russians were to take possession
! of Sinope, which they could readily do in its
, present wretched and unprotected condition,
( ; they might make it a place impregnablesngainst
i the Turks, and convert it into a kind of Gi.
! bralter 011 the Turkish coast of the Black Sea.
, j Established in position of this kind, which
I would enable them to land a considerable body
. j of troops, tbey would keep in check all the
t j center of Asia Minor, and cut otf all the comI
j munication between Constantinople and Erz.
I room. The Turkish army of Armenia would
1 1 then have not only to oppose the eneipy 011
! the side of Georgia, but it would have another
, ; army in its rear, and the Ottoman Government
I ! would l>e obliged to organize a second army
. ' in Asia Minor.
. j These considerations cannot escape the no*
: tice of the European military officers who
. I give stragetic advice t<? the Ottoman generals.
. ; The town of Sinope is built with the materials
l j of the old Greek city, a colony of the Mile*
i siaus. Sinope was the birth-place of Diogenes,
! and the capital of Mithridates. Euciillus took
j possession of it in the year 71 before Christ
The houses and the fortifications present a mul-!
tilude of ancient ruins onfusedly heaped to-j
getlier. There are to he seen Greek and
I'aphlagonian inscriptions, busts.and military
* ! statues. Travellers mention having seen an
! entire statue, placed head downward, in the
' wallsof the castle. All ihetownsof Asia Minor,
j formerly so flourishing in arts and commerce,
' j present the same spectacle, so afflicting to the
| eyes of Europeans.?The Turks have vegeta;
ted for three centuries on these ruins without
deriving a lesson from it. They appear at
length to be awakened to an idea of civilization,
and the shock which they have just received
will, perhaps benefit them for the future.
; respondent of the Franklin county, (Vermont)
J i Herald, while stopping at a hotel in one of the
t, most populous towns in Vermont, took pains
* j to count the oaths which were spoken in his
1 ' hearing. The names of the Deity were pro1
thin ly spoken on Monday 13(5 times; Tuesday
?iv.. I.... i,io. 'ri..ir^,l;iv ttlt'.t- Friday
j ?' uniiuoinn * w ~ j
: 101; Saturday '205; and Sunday 5131. The
1 j prevalence of this vice is disgraceful feature of
I the age.
The >'c\v Pcuionacyi
The General Democratic Republican Committee
(liards) of New Vork eitv, met oir
Thursday evvning last to take into con-ademlion
the Nebraska bill now pending in ('on
gress^ The resolutions below were reported
by the co mmittee, and were received with vehement
demonstrations of applause and approbation,
and, on motion unanimously adopted
:
Resolved, That the territory of the United # .
Sta tcs, purchased by the common blood and
treasure of the whole people, are the common
property of the people of the several States,
or the confederacy, and are entitled to the full,
free, and equal enjoyment.
Resolved, That the constitution has not con
terred upon Congress the right either to establish
or prohibit domestic slavery in the State*
or territories, anil any attempt to impose the
VVilmot proviso upon the organization of territorial
governments, is a gross usurpation, offensive
to the Democracy, and a violation of (he
rights of the people of the several States.
Resolved, That understanding that the bill
for the government of Nebraska and Kansas, -??jj
introduced by Senator Douglass in. the Senate
of the United States, preserves and sanctions .A
these principles of the Democracy, we respect- .
fully request our representatives in Congress to
give it their earnest and cordial support.
Resolved, That the Shite of Missouri, having
presented to Congress a constitution "republican
in form," was entitled to admission
into the sisterhood-of States; and Congresshad
no right to impose upon her admission
that the condition of slavery should hereafter
be prohibited in certain portions of the. Territories.
Such a condition has never received nor
deserved to receive, the approbation of the democracy.
The anti-slavery agitators of 1S20,
under the head of Ruins King, were the prototypes
of the anti-slavery agitators of 1843,
under tho lead of Martin Van Buren. Both
invoked the same fanaticism?both were actuated
by the same hatred of the Democracy?
both proposed tlie same violation of the rights
of the people in the States of the common territories,
and both have been repudiated by the
people. We stand by and will sacredly maintain
and keep the cotnp.omi>es of the constitution
without quibble or evasion. We reject
and utterly deny the right of any Congress to
compromise the rights guarantied by the Constitution,
upon any'terms or conditions what- K
ever. $5
Resolved, That the Democratic party sustains,
aud will continue to sustain, the laws
commonly but erroneously called the Compromise
measures of 1850, not because they aro
measures of compromise, but because they are
based upon, recognise and carry out the obligations
of the Constitution, and principles of
the democratic party for the government of the
territories.
Resolved, That considering flic violation by
the present Administration of the piedges un der
which it came into ppwer?itsciose affiliation
of the anti slavery agitators of 1848?its
wicked and restless attacks upon the rights of
the States?its bold usurpation in using its
great central power in controlling the local
elections of the sovereign Statcsof New York,
Massachusetts, Mississippi, and the unscrupulous
abuse of its patronage in removals from . %
and appointments to office?we warn our representatives
in Congress against any reliance
upon the good faith of the Administration in
supporting our principles, contained in the bill
for the government of Nebrasaa and Kansas.
Its friendship is inconsistent with its past conduct,
and will be found to be more dangerous
t ban its open hostility.
Resolved, That in thus reiterating the principles
of the democracy of the city of New
York, well known and frequently expressed,
we disclaim any intention or desire to propiti.
i . r? _ ? i_ ... -i ? i* .J ...I ? l:*T
ate cue uivur ui mat ciass m jouuiltij puimciuns
who have joined the present Administration
in its vain attempt to break doCvn the
democracy of the North. If they are sustain,
ed by the Southern people, our political course
shall not be effected ; we, at least, stand by
the constitution in all its integrity, and by
those principles of.strict construction by whicit
alone it can he preserved.
The Softs, not to he outdone, also had' a -i
inee'ing, and passed a series of resolutionsfub
ly endorsing the doctrine of govei mental noninterference
in the domestic legislation of territories,
and declaring the compromise hill of
lSbO a full and final settlement of the slavery
I t. v.? ?-*?> (tin! ??pip titAHA rtHiiPAittr.r)
<*?? I Lai I I?/ll MU Cli 11V I'ilOia, 1 I1CJ ? II 6 j.MCCl'liU'11 %
to the Democratic General Committee, at Tammany
IJall, by Ex-Senator, McMurrny. They
were opposed by John Van Bureu and others,
but, after a long debate, were passed by a vuto
of 22 to 14. A resolution complimentary to
Gen Pierce and the administration was, how '
ever, adopted unauimoiv-lv.
'I'he following are their resolutions on the
Nebraska bill:
licsolved, That the compromise of 1850
was a final settlement of the question of slave*
rv in" the organization of new territories, and in .,
the nature of a permanent policy upon which,
wiih patriotic sacrifices of opinion and feeling,
both at the North and the Smith, the democratic
party agreed to statfl, and to which, in its
principle and spirit, as well as its letter, the
lemocracy of New York is determined firmly
o adhere, as a gnaratee against distmciing ro'ivaN
of the slavery agitation on every occaf
ion of the. organization af a new territory at
ivery succctsive step of our progress.
ftcsolvcd, That the people of the territories,
inder organised territorial governments, of
iffht should determine the question of slavery
I or themselves. That all the reasons by winch
he}' are justified in enacting laws concerning
he other domestic relations, apply with equal
l>rco to to this, which ought not therefore tobe
made an exceptional case; that we express
j again that abiding confidence in the wisdom
and patriotism of the people, which constitute
the distinguished characteristics of the deinoI
cratic party ; and we are satisfied that they
1 will decide the question of slavery wisely, and
; in accordance with their true, permanent inte;
rests ; that we cannot recognise the doctrine
> that the citizen of a State, by the act of em|
igration to a territory, loses his capacity for
! self-government, and becomes incapable of dei
ciding any question, however grave.