The daily phoenix. (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, November 21, 1869, Image 1
Agent? ror p?cT^ix ?Dd^Git?ntr. .... "Let our Jntt Ceniure ^^^I^?SBB^^?SSS^^ Attend the True Event."
fS^^E^M >Y J. A. SBLBY COLTOB?A. S. C.. S.?NDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 21. 1809 VOL. V-NO. 209
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Weekly, Six MunthB..
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e&f A liberal discount made on IAe abpjf i
rates when advrrttsrmtnis ar* ituertt? Iii1
tfic mouth. . i lui i !
??T*13Qo.k and Job Printing o? alt kinda,
promptly and faithfully attended to.
ORATION fcV OKlf. Wjypp HAMPTON,
Ll?ttvei'?d al theQeora?a Siafe1 Fair) in
W '?Gsfe??, NdvenOi?rVl, 106?.
4lB.,'lAH?^t?* ??iD GEJSTIJKMEN OF
THE Ibiirb?Lttm?ij Boodfcrfc: '?t.' th?'ro
yrte&Y ll\ti?i?:lti 4?ti fiot unusual for
tM^luiW.'iu^TlD history of
ov?tttttb'BiMtrlT?sfc State, tribe gin with hil
aocoaoi?tci tho crentioo of tho world;
?nd if it io over ndmissablo now to follow
the ox'?mp?e.?f these medieval writqrs
it'lfiulff?eiW tb'b? In treating of agri
ortW?te;;lho burliest ocoopation of man.
Wrheh thb ea*th was fbesh from the bonds
of.i.t^.?fefvtor, the great .fore father of the
haman race woe commanded by bia
afrTftPfd keep ?bd: wrirl tho Eden in
which he wnepl?ccd. r1W?are told thai
Noahv wbeauiio left' tho nrk nnd began,
aa it wore, a nov? creation, was a, farmer
and a vine-dresser. Tho children of.
Israel, toiling through the burning sands
of Arabia. fwero cheered onward toward
Canaan, nqC by, the pronii,qe of national
groavnesk ira'd'renown, nor of richneBa
and apleudor, but hy' Ino UP au run co thur
they ahvonld find A lund, of coro and of
wine. They wcro to farm the soil and
prune th? vine, nnd they rendered
thanks tq.God for.the bounty, of.nature
in their great fensts at the first fruits nnd
at tho ingathering. of the orops, when
the farmer might rejoice and the song of
tho vintage bo, heard. When the Incar?
nate God was about to rise from earth to
Heaven, did he. sot. leave as symbols' oi
his eternal covenant between the two.the
produco of tho field and tho vineyard,
bread and wine? And what subject more
appropriate to engage the attention ol
the pepple of this great State than thal
which has. caliea together this vast as
sombloge? For this is "Georgia," whose
very name is a synonym for "agricul
ture." Let mo, then, take aa my subjeel
tho theme which, since the days of thc
Mantuan bard, has inspired the sweetes
lays Of tho poets of all lands; has callee
forth the eloquence of their orators, nut
won the praise of their philosophers noe
divines.
When man's disobedience brought i
curse on the earth, the mandate of Jeho
vah went forth-"In the sweat of th;
face shalt thoa eat bread, till thou rc
tarn unto the grouud," And that deere*
is yet io fall force, bat it has been mer
cifully ordained that along with the pu
nishment a blessing comes :
" 'Tia the primal coree,
But soften'd into mercy, made the pledgo
Of oheerful days, aud nights without a groan.
Bat while selecting agriculture as m;
theme, it is with the utmost diffidenc
that I venture to discuss before the agri
culturiats of Georgia, who are desorvedl
regarded as among the most practical
scientific and successful in the Sout):
any subject pertaining to their vocation
for I feel my inability to throw light o
questions so ably expounded by the me
who have BO nobly illustrated their cal
ing. Bat as the whole agricultural syt
tem of the South has undergone a sue
den and violent revolution, as it is no
in a state of transition, it is only by frc
consultation, by collating the experienc
of .every planter, that we can educe tb
true pnnoiples on which to build up an
maintain a new system. In the hopi
then, that I may contribute something
however small, to that general fund (
knowledge which wo wish to accumul?t
I filial! give you tho results of my n
flections on the present condition on
future prospects of the agriculture i
the South. In doing this, I shall nece
sarily touoh on topics of a mere gener
and'comprehensive character; thcrcl
involving not only the agricultural, bi
tho national, social and political inter?s
of the' South. These interests are i
bound together, so dependent on ea<
oth'et, that one'cannot be discussed wit
out touching to some extent on all. 13
yohdwhat this mutual connection gi
dependence renders necessary, I slit
not, of course, enter the fixed domain
political discussion, not only because
would be unbecoming to do so on an c
casida of this .kind, but because I fe
an abiding conviction that the people
Georgia need nd: exhortation to ma'
them cling with unshaken hold to t
ever-living principles taught by t
fathers of the republic, tho only tr
faith. In order to est i nm to properly t
resources and power of tho South,
must consider what was her conditi
when the wnr ended, and what she 1
accomplished iu tho brief period tl
has since elapsed. What, then, was 1
oondition when peace was {proclaime
Her cities wore in ashes ; smonlderi
ruins *of once happy and prospere
homesteads marke 1 th?! v-; ..1 Sr*,ot o^
whioh the crimson tide of war had swe
Her fields, once smiling in beauty a
rich with boundless wealth, were dev
tated; the labor which had subdued 1
forest, and given this wide and fort
domain to civilization, was rudely <
stroyed; her oommerce was dead; 1
railroads, with all other internal i
provements, were broken np; hor te
pies of learning, and even her altars
the Irving God, bad been cast down ; 1
surviving children were despoiled, wi
throughout'all her coasts she bewai
her countless and noble dead, who si
beneath the soil they bad fought so
roically, though so vainly, to defe
The pathetic language in which the
spirea prophet of old laid before his C
tue sorrows of his people, ns he pre
for their deliverance, could well h
been applied to os:
"Remember, O Lord, what is ec
upon UR; con siller and behold our re?
proafcb."
''Oar Inheritance, in turned to
strangers; our houses to ali?na. "
"Our necks are under persecution: ve
labor aud havo no rest."
"Wo hnvo given the land to tho Egyp?
tians and to the Assyrians to be satisfied
with bread.''
"Servante haye) ruled over un, nnd
there is none that doth deliver us out of.
their hands. We looked for peace, but
no good come,'and fot1 a fime of besltti,
aud behold troubler*
Such. without exaggeration . won our
condition, audit was one that might well
havo''appalled the stoutest heart, but
timuka "be to Odd, our peoplo bro of
sterner stuff than to yield themselves a
prey tp. unmanly despair. -Girding up
their.?Q^ns, and gathering around them
their' shattered household gods, they set
themselves to "put' their house in order,
not to dio, bht to live." Pi ni cn lt i os va?
nished beforo their fited purpose to
overcome ,them. (jin spito pf inimical le?
gislation, lu spite of unjust taxation, in
spito of that horde of political adven?
turers who flocked' here to drain the life?
blood of our peoplo. like tho vultures of
old which gathered around the bound
nnd prostrate giant, tearing with bloody
beaks his dtill living heart; in spito of
tho seasons themselves, which seemed to
war against them, they have passed in
safety through tho narrow straits of po?
verty, and not far distant they behold the
golden waves of an ocean of prosperity.
Let me not be understood, my friends,
whilst holding up to your view the pro?
mise of this prosperity, which seems tc
be already within your grasp, and indi?
cating anything beyond that material
prosperity which comes from a wido aud
general diffusion of wealth among a peo
plo. That higher and nobler prosperity
which ouly liberty gives, and which r
freo nnd virtuous people alone can en<
joy, you will have to achieve by slow une
painful steps; by patient endurance; b^
ceaseless vigilance; by stern aciberen et
to principle. National wealth, bringing
as it does, material prosperity to a peo
plo, is to bo desired; not for tho ease auc
luxury which follow in its train, but us i
means of giving national power, bj
which a peoplo can Bccure and maintaii
their liberties. It thon becomes ni
honorable eud; but we should alway
bear in mind that it will bo dearly bough
if, in exchange for it, we hurter awn;
faith, and honor, and truth. Better-i
thousandfold better-to live poor, vir
tuons and free, rather than rich, viciou
and enslaved. All history is full of ex
amples to
"Teach us that st atop, of native strength poi
seat,
Though very poor, may still bo very bleat;
And self-dependent power can Timo defy,
As rocks resist the billows and tho sky."
Tho dawn of a brighter day for th
South begins to dispel tho gloom ii
which she was left by the war, and to he
agriculturists moro tbau to any othe
class, is sho indebted for this auspiciou
change; for. after all, tho truo and pei
muneut wealth of a people springs frot
thc product of the soil. We cannot, i
is truo, grow "greenbacks," nor do we c
tho South comprehend that wondrous a
cbemy which transforms these picture
"promises to pay" into those preciou
metals, which, among nations behind ui
perhaps, in political economy, aro alon
regarded as money ; but we, and we alon?
grow in perfection those great staple
which the world demands as necesauric
or luxuries. Cotton may, perbups, b
no longer King, for in these day? whe
mobocrucy baa dethroned laws and coi
stitutions, hu, too, may have shared tl
same fate, but he bids fair to remout
his throne long before his fellow-suffe
ers aro re-instated on theirs. Airead;
bo grasps his sceptre with no nu stead
hand, sad we may hope to see him, ei
long, resume tbs imperial purple ac
royal diadem. How can we, as legi
subjects, hasten bis resumption of ai
thority? For au answer, I point to tl
men of whom Goorgia may well be prot
-tho Dicksons, the Locketts, the Pei
diet ons, aud others of her eminent plan
ers; the men who have taught not on
theoretically, but practically, the gre
lessoidlio w to produce the greatest arnon
of cottou on the smallest area of groan
with tho most economical expenditure
labor. They have shown how even o
exhausted lauds, under judicious ai
scientiOc culture, can bo made os pr
duetive us the virgin and teeming si
of tho great Delta of tho Missisbipi
and if bo who 'makes two blades
grass to grow where only ouo grow bofoi
is entitled to the gratitude of manion
what a debt does the South owe
those who have made this truo of h
great staple? With the example of th?
brilliant success beforo you, it would
presumption in me to instruct the pim
(?rs of Goorgia as to the proper cul riv
tion of cotton, and it is more appi
priate that I should come before thc
as a disciple, rather than ns a tooclu
I have presented to you a picture, fail
it is true, of tho condition of the Sou
at the cessation of hostilities. Let
seo what she has accomplished since tl
time. She has systematized and ma
available that labor whioh tho war h
rendered the most unprofitable and v
reliable in the world. She has open
direct communication with Europe. B
cotton factories, which, have been si
to sell their ?oede in ??cc'sp lower, th
the fabrics of Lowell, ste springing
all over the country. Her cities andi
railroads have beeb rebuilt, Sho bas
added tb the wealth of the world from
the prodn ct of tho soil, hundreds of mil?
lions of dollars; her exports in the past
your alono amount to millions moro tlmu
balf the exportations of the whole, opun
tryv and stranger thau all else,, H 'was her
ii rm, 'paralysed though it be, 'that, pas
saved the Federal Government from na?
tional bankruptcy.
Mar not thc pcoplo of tho Sonth well bo
proud of these wonderful reanlts, accomplish?
ed by their industry, their will, their energy,
th? ir intellect, and their hons-Bt ?nd.maply
toil ? And have they not cause ioho prqfonnd
!ly grateful to that ?od wlio hau bestowed bu
.them HO many blessings to comfort in tho
deep sorrow and noa-, y trials he-baa seen tit
to bring upon them ? , .
BcsidcsnhlS snow of Southern auhlmcrB
which brings moro of. wealth than the gobion
showers tbat fellin tho larp of Dajj;i\ thia fair
land of bur?. "wncro every season smiles,"ro
i wards the labor of 'tho husbandman with
-abundant harvests 'Cf sugar, rico', tob?ceo,
hemp, sorghum andi nil tho cereal oropsywhile
.deep in its bosom lio hid boundless trualurra
of mineral wealth rich aa tho ruinen ot Qui
cohda' or tho auriferous sands of California.
All these prolifio Bources of wealth need but
tito application of labor, skill, and soienco for
'their lull dovelopmont; and that our people
! possess."all thcBO qualities in a degree BJfjpue
to aQttalr tho history of thc last fow years-tally
proves. For proof, I need only refer to the
extraordinary mechanical activity and ingenu?
ity displayed by them during the war, when
they not only fed and clothed our armies but
made tho arma), which' -ori many a bloody and
i glorious hold wero crowned with brilliant vic?
tory, aud deathless glory. Aro i neon ti vcr
wanting to call forth our noblost energies!
Look around, and wo shall lind them on every
sido. Wo have to organizo anew tho govern?
mental policy of tho whole South, to establish
and maint ain just and stable laws; to perfect
a new system of labor; to placo the means o
education within the reach ot all classes; to do
veb'pi to their utmost, capacity tho almost ill?
mit able resources of that Wido and magkili
cent domain which ia our heritage.
Tho most pressing need of tho South at Util
niomcut ia a large accession to her white po
pu'ation, and it should bo her policy to opel
wide hor doors and to welcome cordially tlu
honest and industrious of all lands. Tin
sturdy Englishman, tho canny Scot, tho gal
laut Irishman, tho gay Frenchman, the thrift;
German, tho laborious peasant from tb
shores of the Mediterranean, can all ?nd her
congenial akies and congenial occupation
while tho artisan, tho mechanic, thc manufac
turer and tho agriculturist of the Northen
States havo hero an ampio field for the exor
eise of their callings, with tho assurance c
much higher remuneration fur their labor tba
they can possibly obtain amid tho sterile hill
of Now England', or tho crowded cities of th
North. Extend to all who come to make thi
th*:r homo, with an honest purpose to becom
truo and peaceful citizens, that warm Soutl
ern hospitality which belongs to our peopl
and has become proverbial.
In tho last four years moro than 1,000,00
immigrants have reached the United statei
and it has been computed that they bring, o
an avcrago, $80 ap?ceo in coin. From thi
source alone, then, we havo the enormous sui
of $80,000,000 in specie added to tho wealth <
tho country, whilo tho labor of these sturd
eons of toil,by increasing the productive ci
pacify of all our industrial interests is wort
annually millions moro. Thero is scarcely
grain, a grasB, a vegetable or a fruit grown i
tho Northern States which cannot bc mac
equally productive, if not moro so, at tl
South. Even hay, which is ao valuable an a
ticle of consumption and exportation with tl
North can bo mado with greater advantage ;
tho South. Herc, too, flourish, besides tl
plants already cnn moral ed, tho tea of Chin
the vine of France, the olivo of Italy and tl
orango of tho West Indies, all offering gold?
returns for their cultivation.
I am aware that the quick and large prof!
held out by tho cultivation of cotton, temp
our people to dovoto themselves exclusive
to the production of thia groat staple; but is
wiso to continue under tho now system of 1
bur a policy which was injudicious evon und
tho old? That it was a mistake for ns to e:
ploy, as ws did formerly, not only all o
available labor, but ull our capital, in the cc
ton-growing States, in the production of ct
ton, admits, I think, of not a doubt; for 1
did so at tho sacrifice of all our other indi
trial interests. We di<l not even grow gr?
enough to support our laborera and work at
malu, while for all supplied of food and clot
ing wo wero dependent on othors. If this BI
tem was a mistake, when we owned tho lal
by which wo cultivated our fields, it will pro
doubly so now, when tho labor is hired; 1
tho only profits which can now be mado
planting como from the product of tho s
and none from the ownership of tbo lab
To make this labor moro profitable, wo nu
give it greater diversity than hitherto. Tl
is necessary, not only to prevent tho i
healthy expansion ot one branch of indnsl
at tho expenso of all others, but in order
open every source of wealth to the count
It is doubtless desirable tbat the world shot
have an ample supply of cotton to keep
mills at work, but it surely is not the. inter
of tho planter to finnish an unlimited qm
tity or tho raw material, and thus bring do
the price of his product. His object sho
be to make cotton enough to drive all con?
tition out of tho field, while ho koopa thu pr
at remunerativo rates. Tho pelioy that wo
induce ns to throw all our labor into the p
duction of cotton would bo suicidal, for wi
wo ahould be doubling our expenses in do
ling tho crop, we should be reducing the pr
in an inverse ratio. The present crop of e
too offers a striking illustration of this,
whilo it will not exceed two and a half i
lions of hales, it will bc worth moro to
South than the largest crop evor grown-t
of 1850. In that year 6,335,854 bales w
mado, which, at the prices then ruling, wo
havo been worth about $200,000,000. while
prosent crop will command at least $250,0
000. When the South is able, and I trust
may be at no distant day, to manufacture
or nearly all tho cotton she producen, it
bo timo enough to stimulate to its highest
pacify her production of cotton; but until t
let us bc content for the world to pay
wagon of that labor by which we now grow
great staple, as well as dead-rent on those v
and fertile acres which aro now lying wa
In tho meantime, let us diversify to th?
most extent possible, th? industry of our ]
plo; thus openiug to honest taber every i
nue of lucrative employment. To do
successfully, we must encourage our ye
men, the future hope of the country, to t
other avocations than those offered by
learned professions. Teach them tbat hoi
toil is honorable; that so' far from 'being
consistent with it, lt adds tb manly dig
and true greatness. Elisha waa taken f
the plow to deelare tho inspired word of <
Cinoinnatus to save his country. Are not
names of Fulton, Whitney, Arkrlght. Walt
Stephenson, more worthy to be enrolled,
pu ly among the benefactors of mankind,
among the groat af the earth? When Fe
eon, who, whilo tending hie herds on the bleak
hills of Scotland, learned to read all the se?
crets of astronomy, ?nd'tqflnd In tho courue
of.the planets that dono une anOpnipotent
hand could guido thom in their orbits, and
Miller, who, working at bi? lowly tra do, taught
himself to trace in tho w?ndere of Geology,
tho flng?r of the Almighty in tho creation of
the earth, did they not j^ivo cvidonco that the
highest intellectual endowments were not in?
compatible with tho humblest1 occupations?
Examples anett as these should bo held up to
our young men to teach them that
"Honor and famo from no condition ripe;
Act well your part-thor? SH thc honor lies."
Let them act well their parta; but, to enable
thc ni to do this, it ia incumbent on those
charged With lids snored duty to give them
not only prober instructions,'bot adcqnato
mcansr-They must bo "not" only Titted for tho
freat battle before them but fully armed,
'lace in their hands the mighty weapons
forgod by skill, by industry, by integrity
burnished by science and art-and then launch
them hopefully and pnfjtprfully upon tho arena
ofxlifo. As ono of tue most efficient means to
furnish weapons, I would suggest tho estab?
lishment of agricultural colleges and schools
, irt-overy Bonthern State. Wo of tho Soo<.u
b?te .boon and aro woefully behind tho age in
(lits particular; for, as far as I ?m'aware, our
coj^cges, with two exceptions, offer no facili
tias for the acquisition of a practical agricul?
tural or mechanical education. Ono of thoao
exceptions is found in a most admirable col?
lege, under tho superintendence of Mr. Bow?
man, raost lilly located on th? toi mer farm of
Kentucky's great statesman, Henry Clay. No
noblor monument could bo erected on Ashland
to tho genius and patriotism of the illustrious,
man wuo once owned it. Tho other honoranlo'
except ion is to bo found in Washington Col
.lege, Va., where tho hero who has so often led
a mighty army to victory, having sheathed
tho sword never tarnished bycrneltyor dis?
honor, now dedicates his time, his intellect,
and tho influence of his spotless virtue to thc
noble task of leading oursons along tho paths
of learning, of honor and of piety. Tho ex?
ample Bot Iiero is worthy of Imitation, and if
agricultural colleges cannot bc founded in all
of the Southern States, it would bo well to en?
graft on tho curriculum of all our existing in?
stitutions of learning a department similar to
that just organized at Washington College.
This subject is worthy of tho thoughtful con?
sideration of the ablest intellects of thc
South, and no talents, however great, could
bo botter employed among us than in giving
impetus and direction to tho proper develop?
ment of tho resources of our country, and
praotical education lo our people.
These make a country's strength, tho nerve,
the bono;
Tho love of country dwells with these alone;
Or North, or South, their healthful vigor gives
Tho crimson stream by which a nation lives;
Trained to tho rifle's uso, they fear no foe,
And war confrou t, though heavy strike the
blow.
Twice over ocean, England's warriors carno,
Proud iu their strength, and vaunting of theil
fame;
Twice back defeat has scourged tho broker
hosts,
Their honor dimmed, and shamed their idh
boasts;
Though trained to arms the braved of thc
brave,
They won and kept no conquest but a grave."
I have ventured to throw out these crudo sug'
gestious, for they aro nothing moro, for youl
consideration; tho field ia too vast, the theme
too comprehensive, for mo to do moro. There
aro, however, ono or two t?pica to which I bej;
to call your special attention, as deserving al
thc care and thought you can bestow on them
and as tending to that grand result wo all havi
in view, the prosperity of thc South. We ari
essentially an agricultural people, and wc mus
look to this great interest as tho basis upoi
which to build up tho permanent welfare of om
country. To do this, we roust uso all tho meani
which experience, guided bv science, has
placed at our disposal. How shall this bett bi
done? Thc two points which present thom
selves most prominently in this connection
are: first, the labor hy which wc cultivate oui
lands; and second, the manner of cultivation
Thc negro is undoubtedly hotter fitted, from hi
long training, his physical configuration am
his adaptability to all tho diversities of ou
climate, to make a moro efficient laborer thai
any other. Especially is this true when th
labor is to bc performed in thc more malaria
portions of our country. Our object, then
should be to develop to tho utmost his ci pa
city as a laborer. To do this, timo is rcqui
sito, and we shall have to exercise great for
boaranco, constant prudence and steady kind
noss. Wo must make him feel iliat hi
interests are indissolubly bound up with ours
that high prices for our products insure big
wages for him; that wo havo no animosity tc
wards him; but, on the contrary, that we che
rieh tho kind feelings engendered by earl
associations and old memories. Lo'. 114 h
scrupulously just in our dealings with birt
let UH assi-t him in hi v awpirations for know
ledge and aid him tn itt? acquisition. Try t
?devale him in the scale of tm?-manhood, <
civilization and Christianity, so that ho ma
bo botter fitted for tito grave duties and big
responsibilities, force d upon him by his ne
position. In a word, convinco him that we ai
bis best, if not his only, friends, and when w
shall have dono this, WC shall not ord. ha\
placed our labor ou a bound footing, but v
shall have gained in tho laborer a strong au
Beatons ally. On this subject, I speak not fro
theory but cxporienco-an experience whic
has ta Ugh I me that the kindest relations co
exist between tho planter and hu foi UH
slaves, resulting in mutual advantage to bot
parties. My old slaves aro cultivating the la:
on which they have lived 'or } earn, and the
bu." been a oonstaut aud marked hnprovamei
in tin ir industry in each year since their emu
cipation, though they have not yet atman
tho same ctliciency as laborers they former
possessed. I have promised to put up f
them a achoul-houso and church, and to pay
portion of tho salaries of their teachers. Sui
a system, if generally adopted, would tel
greatly to lix the laborers to thu soil, ai
would, by adding to their content and enjo
mont, result in vast ultimate henel]I to tl
landlord. That kiud treatment, just dcalii
and sincere efforts to improve their condilli
are not without effect upon them, is Droved I
tho fact, gratitying to myself, that 1 am m
on my way to Mississippi hy tho request
hundreds of negroes, besides my own lubor?*i
to advise them what courso to pnrsno in t
approaching oleotion there. I am not of tho
who bolievo that tho mero possession of t
rudiments of education makes a people st nm
er, better or happier: "a little learning ia
dangerous thing, sud nulsen moral sducatl
goos hand in hand with intellectual, tho seo
of knowledge will be sown on a barren soil,
will produce but thorns and thistles; but I
believe that in proportion as you make all 1
bor, other than compAlsory, intelligent, y
render it profitable. If thia is true, wo shoi
educate tiro mind, tho hoart and the soul
the negro, looking at the question only in
material aapnot and leaving oat of considoi
tion altogether those higher and nobler tx
ti ves which should prompt us to do so.
longer experience of mi newly-acquired fri
dom, and hi? acquisition of higher intelligem
will teach bim, not only his dependence on t
whites of tho Seeth, but tho great truth which
nu laws can change,
. - "in every noil.
That those who thiuk must govern those who
toil."
It ie our duty to assist him in qualifying him- ,
Heir for hie changed condition; time alono can
?how whether that change has been for his
benefit. The South wilt look willi profound
interest to tho next census to seo how free?
dom has effected the numbera of his raco; for
wo can tell with absolnto certainty what Hinno
numbers would have been had no convulsion
shaken our entire system. Several years ago,
I had oocaeion to collect some data bearing on
this-question, and they give tho following facts
and calculations. Takiug the resulta of tho
census of 1810 and that of 1850, wo find Hie
ratio of increase- among tho freo blacks to' bo
12 18 per ?ent., and of slaves 28.82 per cont,
By these rates of incroaBo, there should have |
been in the United States, in ...
Froo. Slave. Total.,
I860 . 48,872 412.79C 4,61C,5?5
1870...:.. ii-.348,7l2 5,317.127 5,806,139
1880... (117,191 C.819,009 7,4G7,100
1890..._..... ....C04.210 ,8,821,052 .9,518,2G9
Theuo calculations chow one or two other !
significant facts, which, as bearing on an ex?
ploded bys tem, might as well bo placed upon
tho record to aid io tho general summary that
will be made at some futuro day. By those it
appears that tho deaths among slaves wore
less than among freo blacks S?Uper cent.; that
births among tho freo were 334 per cent, less
than among tho elavo; and that tho not in?
crease of slaves was 180.93 per cont, greater
than that of tho free blacks. Then o statistics
may be valuable as enabling ne to approximate
what will bo. or what should bo, tho number
of negro laborers in the South during any vear
up to 1890, and to ascertain what effect free?
dom has had on tho mortality and tho ratio of |
increase among tho blacks.
[CONCLUn?i> IN oun NEXT.]
Exchange of Bonds.
OFFICE CHAM.OTTE, COLOMBIA A A. R. R. Co.,
COLUMBIA, S. C., November 18, 18G9.
THE Stockholders of tho Charlotte and
South Carolina, and the Columbia ami Au
costa Railroad Companies in jointConvention,
July 8, 1869, having consolidated and autho?
rized tho issuance, by this Company of RB First
Mortgage Bevon per cont. Coupon BONDS, to
be used for tho purpose of retiring tho Bonds
of said two Companies, respectively, tho un?
dersigned hereby gives notico of his readi?
ness to make tho Exchange of the BONDS.
The Coupon due January 1, 1870, will bo at?
tached to tbe New Bonds. This issno of Bonds
for tho purpose designated, will amount to
$1,200,000, which is equivalent to a lion of only
about ifi,000 per mile on this Company's road
of 195 miles. As a security, they aro regarded
as being better than any heretofore issued by
either of thc two Companies named, and are
conddontly commended as ono of tho best in?
vestments now offered in the S mt hern States.
Nov 18 _ MANSON. Treasurer.
NEW STORE ! NEW GOODS ! !
f?jju? IN store, and to arrive, lOOv--*
J?Sf*?Jsacks Liverpool SALT, 300 bar- (glj^ Jl
?Siajgrcle FLOUR, various brands;J3EBBlL
500 bushels Corn, 50 barrels Whiskey, 10 cases
Champagne, Brandy, Rum, Gin and Wine;
Euglish Alo and Borter, 50 boxes Chewing To?
bacco, 275 pounds Smoking Tobacco, 20,000
Segare, Sugar, Coffee, Toa, Rice, Potatoes,
Buckets, Brooms, Soap, Sugar Cured Break?
fast Strips, Dry Salted Sides, Butter, Cheese,
Pickles, by the Dozou and Jars; Fresh Cove
Oysters, Wrapping Paper, and everything
generally found in a first class grocery: and
many other articles too numerous to mention.
I havo, for tho accommodation of my custom?
ers, a large Wagon Yard and a House for them
to Bleep in. Also, a largo Store Room for thc
storage of cotton and other country produce,
and highest market price paid for such articles.
R. ALLEN,
Nov 9 At Rrvce's Old Stand.
FOR BARGAINS
Clothing, Dry Goods,
Boo ta and Shoes,
HATS, CAPS, UMBRELLAS,
Ladies and Gent's Furnishing Goods,
Call at JACOB 8ULZBACHEIPS.
Nov 7
To the Public.
I WOULD RESPECTFULLY
)inform tbe citizens of Columbia
and the surrounding country ge?
nerally, that I have resumed my
'old Business again, after a lapse
nf twenty years, engaged in the manufacture
nf Iron, I am again back at mv drat Business,
that of WATCH, CLOCK AND JEWELRY
where a full Stock of all Goods kept in a First
Class Establishment can be found. I shall u-c
my best endeavors to give satisfaction to all.
I hope to re?oive a share of patronage. I shall
keep Firet Class Workmen, and all work en?
trusted to me will bu warranted.
Nov? WILLIAM GLAZB.
Groceries, Wines, Liquors, &c.
.te-rf. BAGGING. ROPE, IRON
ft? J TIES. BACON, Clear Ribbed
?3HHK8idea and Shoulders. A choiccH??
article Canvassed HAMS. Family Lard,
in barrels, kegs. 3 lbs., 5 and 10 lb. packages.
Choice Family Flour, in bbls and bags, with
a full assortment of othor grades. Liverpool
Snit, in sacks. Mackerel-Nos. 1, 2 and 3, in
bbls., halves, quarters ami kits. SUGAR and
COFFEE, of all grades. TEAS, of all grades.
Molasses-Muscovado. New Orleans and Sugar
House Syrup. Tobacco and Segars. Soap; Can?
dles, in boxes and half boxes; Cheese, Crack?
ers, Pickles, Can Fruit, Spiced Oysters, Sal?
mon, in cans aud glass. Liquors-Choice Old
Cabinet, Monongahela, Rye and Corn Whis?
key, and a varioty of other flue brands.
WOODEN WARE, Nests Iron and Braes
Bound TubB, Pails, Churns, Buckets and CanB,
Nails, of all sizes. Shot of all numbers, Caat
ing, Pots, Ovens, Spiders, Skillets and Frying
Pans, of all sizes.
All the above named with many other arti?
cles has been ..Tinily purchased and selected
with care and will bo sold low for cash. Give
as a call. WELLS A CALDWELL,
Noar the 8. 0. and O. and C. Railroad Depot,
next door to National Hotel._Pot 10
C. F. JACKSON,
Agent for E. buttcriok A Co.'s celebrated
PATTERNS OF GARMENTS
For Ladies, Misses, Boys and
little Children.
Spool?a Notices.
TO fcOPJSTJMPTIVKS^--The advertiser,
having been restored to health in ?few weeks,
by a very Bim pie remedy, af tor having Buffered
sevoral years with a serer?lang affection, and '
that dread disease, Consumption, is anxious tb
mako known to his fellQjT-Buffererff tUomoans
of cure. f >j J ' F ^ , . ... ..
To all who desir? lt, ho will send a^coM^>f
tho prescription used, Xfree" ot Wtfsf?) wtth
the directions for proprfring and ?isltig tho
same, which they Trill find a BORE CoRZ FOB
CONSUMICI?N, ASTHMA, Bno;<cu|T,ifv Cjtc. Tho
bio; and he hoped every sufferer witt try Mir '
remedy, as it will cost them nothing, and may
provo a blessing. .
Parties wjahiug the praseriptsoni will please
address. lt KV. EDWARD A,WIt??N?'
>? Williamsburg, Khig? .?rrairry, NW^TK
NovJO. ;_ ; J j.. ,i wfcffmb.. '
KKUOR3 OF YOU I, H.-nA gentleman who
suffered for years from Nervous Debility, Pro- I
mature Decay, and all tho efleets of youthful
indiscretion, will, foi* sako of suffering huma?
nity, send free- to all who need it, the re?
ceipt and directions for making tho simple
remedy by which ho was cured! Sufferers (
wishing to profit by the advertiser's experi?
ence, can do so by addressing, with nerfect .
confidence, JOHN BY OGDEN,
Nov 10 3mo No. i2 Cedar street, Now York. '
A Itegwlnr Habit of Body is absolutely
essential to physical health and clearness of
intellect. Nor is thin all. Beauty of person
cannot co-oxiet with an unnatnral condition
of tho bowels. A Tree passage of tho refuse
matter if tho system through these natural
waate pines, is SB necessary to the purity of '
tho body as tho free passage, of tho offal of a
city through its Bowers is necessary to the
health of its inhabitants.
Indigestion is the primary cause of most of
tho diseases of tho discharging organs, and
one of its most common results ia constipa'
Hon. This complaint, besides being danger?
ous in itself, has many disagreeable concom?
tan ts -such as an unpleasant breath, a aallew
skin, contaminated blood and bile, hemer
i bonis, headache, loss of memory, and gene?
ral debility.
HOSTETTER'S STOMACH BITTERS re?
move all tbeso evils by removing their imme?
diate cau-o in thu digestive organs, and regu?
lating tho action of ino intestine?. The com?
bination of properties in this ce Icbm tod
preparation is one of its chief merits. It ia
not mon ly a stimulant, or a tonio, or an anti
bilious ageut, or a nurviue, or a blood d?pu?
rent, or a cathartic, but all these curativo
elements judiciously blended in ono powerful
restorative. It lends activity and vigor to the
inert and enervated stomach, relieves tho ali?
mentary canal of its obstructions, ?nd ?ives
tone to thc mcuibrauo which linea it, gently
stimulates tho liver, braces thc nerves, and
cheers tho animal spirits. No other remedy
possesses such a variety of hygienic virtue?.
It is tn these characteristics that it' owes it?
prestige aa a household medicine. Experi?
ence has proved that it is aa harmless an it is
efficacious, and hence it is as popular with the
weaker sex as with the stronger.
HOSTETTER'S 8TOMACH BITTERS is sold
in bottles only, and the trade-mark blown in
tho glass and engraved on the label, with our
steel engraved revenue stamp over the cork,
is the test of genuineness. Buware of coun?
terfeits. _ Nov 17 fG
THE HEALING POOL,_ESSAYS FOB
YOUNG MEN, who havo fallen into vicious
habits, and now desire, a higher life, and a bet?
ter Manhood, with certain means of jelicf for
the afflicted. Sent in sealed letter envelopes,
free of charge. Address, HOWARD ASSoOl
ATION, Rox P., Philadelphia. Pa. Sent 25 3tao
SPECIAL AOT1CE-To partit s lu w ant of
Doors, Sashes and Blinds, wc refer to ?ho ad?
vertisement of P. P. Toals, the Urge manu?
facturer of those goods in Cluarlcaton. Price
list furnished on application. .July, $7 9mo
Pare Dickson Cotton Seed.1
WE offer t?rsalo 500 busbole pure "Dickson
COTTON SEED," grown from seed ob?
tained from Mr. David Dickson. Oxford, Ga.,
tact spring, and which were selected for his
own use.
Notwithstanding the unprecedented dry sea?
son-which has continued for l?verai months
wo havo gathered, up to tho present limo,
from 1,500 to 2,450 pounds to tho acre.
Price $3.50 for ono to five bushel?; $3 00 for.
fivo bushels or moro.
O xi ono, Ga., November 4, 1869.
I do certify that I sold to Messrs. Richard
? 'Neale k Son. of Columbia, 8. C., toine of my
cboico improved Cotton Seed, for planting
purposes. They proposed to snll a portion of
what they raised. Plantera purchasing the
Seed tin v raise, may roly upon getting th?
Ijonuiuo Dickson Seod. DAVID DICKSON.
Wo aro Mr. Dickson'-! agents h*re, and will
Drder Seod direct from Mr. Dickson, if desired.
Price $5 00 from one to five bushels, or 14.00
for five and upwards.
Nov9 RICHARD O'NEALE A SON.
For Sale.
DICKSON'S IMPROVED COTTON SEED.
GROWN from Seed purchased directly of
Mr. David Dickson, in 18C7, aud carefully
preserved from mixing or adulteration with
other seed.
I will deliver tho Seed, sacked in good order,
at the Louis ville Depot, South Cnvoliua Rail?
road, at $2.00 ,>y. V : !.. I, foi any amount Un?
der 5 bushels, or at $1.50 per bushel, for all
amounts in excess of 5 bushell.
A. P. AMARES, St. Matthew'?, 8. O.
I res],, ci fully refer to the below named gen?
tlemen, who purchased Seed of me last spring,
lor information touching the purity and supe?
riority o? the Seed, to wit: Hon. T. J. Good?
wyn, Dr. A. It. Taber, Fort Motte ; P. M. Hoa?
xer, Esq., and Wm. PanUing, Esq., St. Mat?
ine.v's; E.R. Beckwith, Esq., Jamison's; and
Captain P. H. W. Brlggmann and W. B. Muller,
Esq.. Orangeburg Court House ; aUcf Orange
bnrg County, S. C. A. P. A.
Nov 3_Imo?
Guns and Ammunition.
I respectfully Inform my
jZ>^? friends and the publie in general
^??>?2iswthat I have Just received a fin?
V W% ^assortment of DOUBLE AND
SINGLE-BARRELED GDN8, Breach-loading
[lunn, simple make, from the best Enr?rean
ii an nf nc i ur ?rs, Repeaters of all descriptions,
Powder Flasks, Shot Ponches, CapsA Powder,
^hot and Cutlery, which I ofiW lu DOH ai roa
idnablo prices. Guns mad? to order. Repair -
ng done and warranted, at short notice.
Nov ll P. W, KRAFT, Main street.