Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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judgment lo petty ot?os, involving the liberty of the accused, subject of oonrae to an appeal. The State will thereby be saved the cost of sup? porting many prisoners in the jails, charged with small offences, bat un? able to givo bonds for their appear? ance at the general term of tho court, while the committing justice has no authority to poss sentence upon them. I would also reeommend that Justices of the Peace should bo vested with the power to dieoharge from arrests in any case where there is not probable cause, or reasonable grounds for believing the accused guilty. This would not debar the grand jury from investigating the case of a person so discharged, and finding a bill of indictment against him, should the facts warrant it, while it would prevent much hard? ship to innocent persons, and expense to the State, by the law's delay. In this connection, I would urge that fees of JUBtices of the Peace, Clerks of Court, Sheriffs, Constables and other officers who may bo enti? tled to receive foes, should bo strict? ly regulated by statute. REVISION OF CODE AND CHANGE OF PLEADINGS. I invito your earnest attention to section 3, article 5, of tho Constitu? tion, providing that "the General Assembly, at its first session, after the adoption of this Constitution, shall make provision to revise, digest and arrange under proper heads tho body of our laws, civil and criminal, and form a penal codo, founded upon principles of reformation." This section also provides that tho Gene? ral Assembly, "for that purpose, shall appoint some suitable person or persons, whose duty it shall bo to revise, simplify and abridge tho rules, pa nc tico, pleadings and forms of tho courts now in use in this State." A well digested codo of public laws, with a full and clear index, will be of great value to all classes of our people, professional or otherwise. Such a code South Caroliua has never possessed. The Commission appointed for this pur? pose, should be composed of men of the highest legal ability, and should be empowered to omit from the codo such statutes as are no longer in accord with our Constitution, or that conflict with the changes in our po? litical and civil systems. Especially should the plea of "Benefit of Clergy," which has so long disgraced tho judicial system of the State, be no longer recognized, by our courts. I trust that the General Assembly will mako an appropriation suf? ficiently liberal, to give a fair com? pensation to tho members of that Commission for their necessarily arduous labors. STATUTE OF FRAUDS. Section 20, article 1, of tho Consti? tution,* having provided that "no person shall be imprisoned for debt, exceptio cases of fraud," I recom? mend that tho General Assembly shall, ut an early day, enact a Statute of Frauds, and also a new Satuto of Limitations, defining tho rights, remedies and liabilities of creditors and debtors. ELECTIONS. I invito your attention to section 3, article 8, of the Constitution, which provides that "it shall bu the duty of the General Assembly to provide from time to time for the registration of all electors." It is important to tho safety of tho Statu that tho rights of its electors and the purity of tho ballot-box should bo rigidly guarded. I there? fore recommend that you will pass stringent laws proscribing the duties of registrars and judges of elections, with appropriate penalties; and providing also for the punishment of bribery and corruption at public elections. KEMOVAL nv POLITICAL DISAMLITIES. I would earnestly recommend that your honorable body will, at nu early period, memorialize Congress to relieve every citizen of South Carolina from all political disabili? ties. I mako this recommendation the moro readily, from tho fact that there are believed to bo none of that class in this Stato who have commit? ted infamous offences against tho laws of war. Tho statute of disfranchisement was doubtless wise and proper nt tho earlier stage reconstruction, and justly marked tho nation's abhor? rence of those who, having been tho trusted leaders of tho peoplo, had lcd them into robelliou against tho benign Government of their country. Yet thc continuance of such disfran? chisement would bo an anomaly under our republican system, based upon tho doctrine of universal suf? frage. Let us hopo that such an act of magnanimity will not bo mistaken by tho class disfranchised, whilo to deny it will tend to mako them ob? jects of sympathy, and will be, as it were, to keep a knife sticking in au open wound. EDUCATION. Civil liberty and tl?3 education of the masses aro inseparable Tho safety of a freo Stato rests upon tho virtu? and intelligonco of tho peoplo, and it cannot preserve tho one without cultivating the othor. All republics of which history makes mention, have owed their declino and fall to tho corruption of tho pooplo; who. having becomo un? mindful of thoir rights and duties through ignorance, became the prey of demagogues through choice. In a country such as oars, where the humblest citizen, ii worthy and well Sialiflod. may aspire to the station of o highest, and where tho hard handed child of poverty and toil may become the chief magistrate of the republic, the diffusion of intelligence among the m oases is not only a mea? sure of public justice, trot vitally concerns the public safety. The Government of the United States has been so mindful of the importance of popular education, that it has already given 70,000,000 of acres of public lands, worth at least $90,000,000, for the establishment of schools and colleges in the States and Territories of the Union. I would, therefore, earnestly recommend that the provision .-of our Constitution upon this subject, be carried out in its fullest extent, and that as thorough a Bystem of free schools shall be established as is consistent with the present taxable resources of the State. I deem it proper to add, that satis? factory assurances are given that Congress will, within a brief period, make a liberal grant of public lands to this State, for the creation of a permanent school fund; thus, in a great measure, relieving our people from the burdon of taxation for that special object. I respectfully suggest that you will memorialize tho Con? gress of tho United States upon this subject, and solicit tho grant referred to at tho earliest possible day. Article 10, section 3, of the Con? stitution, provides that "there shall bo kept open at least six months in each year, ouo or moro schools in each school district." I respectfully recommend that tho General Assembly will provide by law for the establishment of at least, two schools in each school district whon necessary, and that one of said schools shall be set apart and desig? nated as a school for colored chil? dren, and the other for white chil? dren, tho school fund to bc distributed equally to each class, in propor? tion to the number of children in each, between the ages of six and sixteen years. I doom this separa? tion of the two races in the public schools a matter of tho greatest im? portance to all classes of our people. While tho moralist and tho philan? thropist cheerfully recognizes the fact that "God bu th made of ono blood all nations of mon," yet tho statesman, in legislating for a politi? cal society that embraces two dis? tinct, and, in some measure, antago? nistic races, in tho great body of its electors, must, as far as the law of equal rights will permit, take cogni? zance of existing prejudices among both. In school districts, whoro the whito children may preponderate in numbers, tho colored children may be oppressed, or partially excluded from the schools, while the same re? sult may accrue to the whites in those districts where colored children aro in tho majority, unless they shall bo separated by law, as heroin recom? mended. Moreover, it is tho de? clared design of tho Constitution, that ali classes of our people shall be educated, but not to provide for this separation of the two races, will bo to repel the masses of the whites from the educational training that they so much need, and virtually to give to our colored population tho exclusivo benefit of our public schools. Let us, therefore, recognize facts as they aro, and rely upon time, and the elevating influence of popular education, to dispel any unjust pre? judices that may exist among the two races of our fellow-citizens. AQRIC ULTU RE. Tho concentration of labor and capital upon ono product, and that, too, extremely liable to tho varying hazards of the seasons and tho worm, has retarded the agricultural prospe? rity of South Carolina, and of tho entire South. The true safety of tho farmer lies iu tho cultivation of seve? ral products, so that, although tho season may bo unpropitious for ono, he may preserve tho other. Ho should not imitate tho uuwiso mer? chant, who embarks his all, though uninsured, in a single ship. The impolicy of concentrating so large a portion of labor upon cotton, instead of dividing it among mixed crops of corn, wheat, potatoes, ?fcc, and tho products of tho dairy, is best illustrated by tho following facts, drawn from tho census of I860, and tho report of tho United States Com? missioner of Agriculture for I860. Tho cotton crop of Georgia, tho Em? pire Stato of tho South, in 18G0, was 701,810 bales, yielding little more than 830,000,000; while tho butter of New York, in 1865-one of soveral products of tho dairy-was estimated at $60,000.000. Yet tho census gives to Now York but 170,911 farmer.1? and farm laborers, and to Georgia, including whito farmers and farm laborers, and only tho males of the slaves, 316,478 persons ou gaged in agriculture. Should tho female slaves bo included, Georgia would have actually had a largor number of tann laborers than the State of Now York. Besides tho other dairy products-milk and cheese-and tho multitudo of smaller products of tho farm, tho principal crops mako ia value an astounding aggregate. Thus, in 1861, tho corn crop of Now York was estimated at 838,000,000, the wheat at 825,000,000, the oats at 830,000,000, potatoes at 819,000,000, and hay at 890,000,000. Including tho minor cerenls, the producta o? orchards and gardens, the production of beef and mutton from pasturage, and a great variety, of miscellaneous products, the cur? rency value of the agricultural pro? ductions of this one State, ia that year, was far greater th. i the money returns of any cotton o*op ever pro? duced in this country; and the gold value of suoh products would bo greater than the gold value of half the cotton crop of 1860, the largest ever made in the United States. The grand results aro not due to any superiority of soil or climate, above our own, but to a properly directed and diversified system of labor, and to superior agricultural implements and farm economy. The aggregate product of varied agricul? tural labors must always exceed in value tho yield of any one staple, however vast and well orgnnized may be the system of labor applied to it, for marked success in the produc? tion of that one will lesson its price, by an undue increase of the supply over the demand. The introduction of improved im? plements of husbandry, is a matter of vital importance to the farming interests of the State. With the aid of proper machinery, and tho proper uso of fertilizers, our farmers will bo enabled to cultivate a larger area of land, and to cultivate it inoro tho? roughly, than, under tho former sys? tem, they cultivated a very limited amount. Theso considerations become all tho moro important, in view of the fact, that, in South Carolina, there aro 4,000,000 acres of laud improved, while there are nearly 12,000,000 acres unimproved. Tho recent dis? covery of vast beds of phosphates of lime on the banks of tho Ashley, near Charleston, will enable us to eurich our worn-out lauds with that most valuable fertilizer, at a compar? atively small cost. Largo shipments of this fertilizer are now being made from Charleston to Northern ports, and which might bo manufactured hero, and sold cheaply to enrich tho poor land of our own State. AC ; KI O ULTURAL COLLEGE. I invite your attention to section nine, article ten, of tho Constitution, which directs the General Assembly to provide for tho establishment of an agricultural college, upon tho basis set forth in an Act of Congress of July 2, 18G2, providing for tho endowment of agricultural colleges in the several States. Tho Act pro? vides that eaoh Stato and Territory shall receive 30,000 acres of public land scrip for each Senator and Rep? resentativo that it may have in Congress. Under its provisions, South Carolina will bo entitled to 1,125 pieces, of 160 acres each, rep? resenting 180,000 acres of public land, worth in tho market, at pre? sent, about one dollar per acre, or $180,000. This scrip may bc located in any Stato or Territory having public lands subject to sale, at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. The Act also provides that tho money arising from the salo of such scrip "shall bo invested by tho Stato in public stocks, at not less than five per cent, interest, and tho interest shall be appropriated for the estab? lishment of at least one college, where the leading object shall be, without excluding scientific and classical studies or military tactics, to teach such branches ns are related to agriculture and tho mechanic arts." I would also invite your attoution to tho general Act of Congress of 1864, donating 500,000 acres of pub? lic land to each State, in aid of inter? nal improvements. Other States have, under tho authority of Con? gress, applied that donation to edu? cational objects, and I suggest that you momorializo Congress to extend the same privilege to this Stute. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND EMIGRATION. A eclobrated statesman has ob? served, that "Agriculture feeds us; in a groat measure it clothes us; with? out it wo could not havo manufac? tures, and wo should not havo com? merce; thoy will stand together, bul they will stand together liko pillare, tho largest in tho centre, and that it agriculture." Agriculture is, indeed, tho lifo of a nation, its very existence depending upon tho annual produc? tion of its soil. In view of tho vital importanco of this subject, and ol the vast amount of arable land in thc State now lying wild and fallow, oi at best poorly cultivated, I respect fully suggest the passage of an Ad creating a Stato Board of Agriculture and Emigration, to consist of al least threo capable persons, ono ol whom should bo a practical chemist This board should bo charged witt thc duty of investigating and making known to thc ontiro country tboagri cultural resources of tho State, nuc should bo required to mako an au uual report to tho Legislature, em bodying the rosults of their labors, um recommend such improvements ai they may deem necessary in tho sys tem of cultivation now practiced among our people, and such im proved agricultural machinery as ti them muy seem most proper, togethei with tho valuo and mode of usiu{ fertilizers. Thoy should, also, se forth the attractions that our soil an? climate and mineral resourcos offoi to tho thrifty agriculturists, mo dinnies and miners of our Northen States, and to those of Enrope. Thej should, also, present tables, showing the oost of living, the ratee of wages, the number and class of me? chanics needed In the several Coun? ties, and the price of land, and the terms upon which it can be rented. Their report should be furnished to the Trades Unions of this country sud Europe. This information, if properly dis? tributed, will, I feel assured, start a tide of emigration that will flow into and greatly enrich tho State. The German and French grape-growers will find in our upper tier of Coun? ties a soil and climate as genial to the grape as their own vine-clad hills, being precisely on the ?ame parallel of latitude as the great wino-making districts of Spain and Portugal. The Swede and the Dauo will find ample scope and verge for their talents for mining in our gold and iron and lead regions, while even the Hollander may exercise his cunning in draining the marsh lands of our low country, which ho may get almost for tho ask? ing. Our rivers, abounding with noble falls, aro running to waste, when they should resound with the hum of thousands of busy spindles. These invito the manufacturer of the North, who will find labor among us abundant and chenp, and may look from his own door upon fields whito with the cotton that supplies his mill. KAI I,HOADS. Accordiug to the eighth census of tho Uuited States, there were957 miles of railroad in South Carolina, at the closo of the year 1SG0, built at a cost of 822.385,000. It may bo interesting to observe that tho Charleston and Hamburg Poad was the first passenger railway constructed iu tho United States. It was commenced in the spring of 1829, and six miles were completed in that year. It is a noteworthy fact, that before tho uso of locomotives was established in Great Britain, or they were known in tho United States, the directors of this road de? termined, under tho advice of their engineer, Mr. Horatio Allon, to make them exclusively the motive power. The samo gentleman, iu tho winter of 1829, made the drawings of the first American steam locomotive, called tho "Best Friend," which was planned by Mr. E. Lt. Miller, of Charleston. Upon the Charleston aud Hamburg Road was introduced, in 1831, for tho first time on any railroad in the world, the important arrangement of two four-wheeled trucks for locomotives and long pas? senger cars. The facts here stated aro designed to show that the Stato has never been wanting in men of mechanical genius, with tho capacity to achieve the greatest enterprises, if properly encouraged. South Carolina, al? though the first to initiate a railway system, has prosecuted it to a \ety limited oxtent; compared with thc demands of her commerce and thc resources of her soil. The facility with which railroads can bo built in this State, is ovidenced by the fact that tho railroads of South Carolins have cost in their construction less per milo than any of equal length in the United States. I would recom? mend tho fostering of these great and beneficent publio enterprises by thc Stato, so far as may bo consisteul with the proper maintenance of othei important public interests. At thc samo timo that railroad corporations should be generously, but judicious ly, fostered, yet suitable laws shoult be enacted to regulato their tariff o: charges for freights and passengers I or otherwise they may oppress al classes by their excessive rates, ant check tho trade and enterprise of th? people. Railroads are tho main arteries o commerce. They stimulate produc tion by bringing the market withii easy reach of the producer. The^ give an impetus to every branch o trade, while they promote unity ant good will among great populations by enabling them to circulate freel; among each other. I would espe : chilly recommend that the Stat .should furnish nil the aid that it cai expediently for tho speedy comple tion of tho Bluo Ridge Railroad Tho importance of that road to tin people of tho State at large canno well be over-estimated. Starting a Anderson Court House, as a pro longation of tho Westerly branch e the Greenville and Columbia Rail road, it will traverso portions of th Counties of Anderson and Picken? and of the States of Georgia, Norf Carolina and Tennessee, having it Western* terminus at Knoxvilh wheuco it will havo connections wit Chattanooga, tho great focal point c South-western railroads. It will als connect at Knoxville with roads rm uing direct to Louisville, Kentucky and Cincinnati, Ohio. Tho entir leugth of tho road will bo 190 mile! of which fifty-two miles lie withi tho limits of South Carolina. Thirty four miles of this distance havo bee finished, and are now in running o der, from Anderson to Walhalla. "Tho Bluo Ridgo Railroad Con [?any in South Carolina" was cha tered by tho Legislature of this Stal in 1852; but untoward events, arnon them tho alleged bad faith of tl first contractors, havo proveuted tl prosecution of tho work upon it. Tho total amonat thus far oxponded < tho road is $3,250,000. Tho addition amount required to completo it, is statt hy tho President of tho road at $3,500,00 This iucroa8od OBtimato of cost per mi ovor that portion* already constructed due to tho heavy amount of tunnolii that will bo required in getting throat the Blue Bidge. The Stat? now owns stock in this road to tho amount of $1,310, 000. The present bonded debt of the compa? ny is stated at $230,000, secured by a mort Sage on the road and ita running stock. iv. J. W. Ha' ison, President of the oom* nany, states, in a recent report, that he has made of the condition and prospecta of tho -Blue Ridge Railroad Company, that "all that is expected of the State is that abe shall guarantee the bonds of the com? pany for, say, $3,000.000. to bo issued in such sums, and at such times, as the pro greis of the work may require. And that the Stato shall provide for the payment of the interest on the bonds whilo tho road is being built. For example, the company could perhaps expend $1,000,000 a year for threo years, in which time the road can bo comploted. Tho Stato would provide for interest on $1,000,000: First year.$70,000 Second year.140,000 Third year.210,000 $420,000 So I hat by an expenditure of $420,000, to bo raisod by taxation in threo years, this groat enterprise would bo secured. Tho Stato would have ampio security for her guaranty. A tlrst mortgago on the road thus eligibly located, costing $7,500,000, with a debt of only $3,000,000." In view of the great commercial impor? tance of tho Blue Midge Railroad tu all sections of the Stato, and of tho large amount of ita stock that tho Stato already hobbs, I recommend that your honorable bodies will take into your earnest consi? deration tho expediency of tarnishing tho company such timely aid as will secure its speedy completion. Tho Blue Ridge Railroad, when com? pleted, will give us a direct connection, upon the ?hortest line, with tho great West, with all its inexhaustible supplies of pork, hoof, corn and wheat, and will thus cheapen many of the necessaries of life to our people, and, at tho samo time, furnish a valuable outlet for our own pro? ducts. Tho city of Charleston is the near? est of all tho Atlantic ports to the grout States of the Wi st, and by tho construc? tion of this road tho wealth of that impe? rial region will be poured into her lap. She may then cast off her widow's weeds, and become again thc "Queen City of the South." STATE HOUSE. I invite ymir attention to tho condition of tho State House, and as thc State is at present too poor to completo it in accord? ance with its original design, I recom? mend that it shad bo repaired and titted up so far to make it tenantablo for the General Assembly and tho Executive I)o Eartment of the State. Tho work should o executed in such a substantial and proper niauner that it may bo made avail? able on tho final completion of tho build? ing. For this purpose, I recommend that tho General Assembly will authorize tho Executive to advertise for proposals, with plans and specQcatiions from architects aud builders, to bo transmitted by him to tho General Assembly for its action during tho present session. PENITENTIARY ANO JAILS. I invite your attention to tho condition of tho Penitentiary building, and recom? mend thc completion of tho same as soon as tho finances of thc Stato will warrant the requisite outlay. Under proper regu? lations and judicious management, this institution may not only bo rendered self supporting, but may becomo a source of revenue to thc State. I would also recommend that you will provide by law lor a thorough and regular inspection of pridons throughout tho Stato. I am satisfied that a groat sanitary reform is needed, aa their prosont condi? tion makes them tho moans of physical punishment to offenders, who are confined within their walls for oven a brief period. Tho truo design of imprisonment should bo rather to reform than to punish. ASYLUMS ANO ALMS BOUSES. Tho calamities of war have added large? ly fri tho number of those who must de? pend upon the public for tho support and assistance that that unfortunate condition demands. I therefore recommend that yon will extend your fostering caro to tho asylums and alms houses of thc State, and that they may bo founded and adminis? tered o.i a broad and liberal basi?, worthy of a Christian people. TUE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU. Tho assistance rendered by tho Bureau of Refugees and Freodmen to tho peoplo of this Stato, has boen most timely and valuable. Whilo it has cared for largo numbers of destitute poor, who, from physical infirmity or otherwiso, wore unablo to labor, it has, at tho samo timo, mado judicious advances of provisions to our planters, secured by liens upon their crops, without which advances thousands of laborers, now usefully employed, would bo necessarily idle, and thousands of acres of land, now bearing abundant crops, would bo lying untitled, lt has not only been tho chief organizer of labor in tho Stato, during tho past two years and a half, by supervising tho execution of oqni tablo contracts between employer and tho employed, enforcing tho rights of both, but it has iuauguratod and sustained a wido-spread system of schools, that havo been open to nil, without distinction of raco or color. AH, howovor, tho civil functions of tho .-M ute aro hoing rapidly resumed, I havo informed Major-Genoral O. O. Howard, Commissioner of tho Bureau, that it may bo disponscd with as an institution in this State, immediately after tho civil officers shall have been elected in tho Stato, aud shall entor upon tho duties of their respectivo offices. Tho several justices of tho peace can discharge tho duties that aro now performed by agents of the Bureau. I havo, however, requested that our people may continuo to receive tho benefit of the school fund of tho Bureau, ns long as tho same is dis? bursal in the several Southern Staten, for thu benefit of tho poor. Tili: LATE ASSASSINATIONS IN KEKSHAW COUNTY. I have learned, with profound sorrow, nf tho recent murder, at his residence, in Kershaw County, of the Hon. S. G. W. Dill, a member of tho Constitutional Con? vention, and a member elect of the Stato Senate. Air. Dill was assassinated while surrounded by his family, by an armed hand of lawless person?. Mr. Fraser, a private citizen, was slain by them at tho same time, and Mrs. Dill was seriously wounded. Tho causo for this infamous deed is unknown, but it is generally be? lieved to havo been political. The mili? tary Authorities have been actively inves gating thc matter, and havo arreste! and now hold in custody several persons charged with -n???s- in, or having a guilty knowledge of, this great crime. I trust that a rigid investigation will bo mado, and thal tho guilty parties may soon bo brought to justice. It should bo clearly understood by all, that no man in this Stato shall bo subject to violence because of his political faith or utterances. Tho cu ?zen is amenablo only to tho law, and I intond to enforco tho laws of tho Stato for tho protection of every person within its limits, peaceably if I can, forcibly if I must. SUSPENSION OF THE WRIT OP HABEAS COR rrs. I invite your attention to seotion twenty four, artiole ooa, of the Constitution, which declaren that the power of suspend? ing the lawa, or the ex?cution of the laws, shall never be exercised bat by tho Gene? ral Assembly, or by authority derived therefrom-to bo exercised in such parti* cnlar cases only tis the General Assembly shall cxpreosly pr?vido for. While I am satisfied that th6te is no organization in the Stato having for its object resistance to the laws and constituted authorities, yet prudonco would suggest that the Gen oral Assembly should authorize the Go? vernor to suspend the writ of habeas cor? pus, "when, in cases of rebellion or inva? sion, the public safety may require it," or when, from serious local disturbance, the due course of law mav bo obstructed. I would also recommend tho passage of an Act, providing that, when a party is charged with crime in any County, and it should appear, upon proper sworn testi? mony, that justice will not be done the State upon the trial of said party in the County wherein tho crime was alleged to have been committed, that then the St ato shall be entitled to a chango of venae to tho nearest adjacent County, wherein jus? tice can bo done, both to tho State and the accused. It should also bo provided that tho County from which such change of venue is had on behalf of the State, shall be required to pay the whole costs of tho same. ORGANIZATION OF THE MILITIA. I invite your attention to article thirteen, of tho Constitution, providing for tho organization of tho militia of this State. I am a-ssurcd that the qnota of arms to which the Stato may bo entitled, according to the number of her organized militia, will be promptly furnished by the War De paitracnt, upon thc transmission of the proper requisition. As soon as the militia shall be organ? ized and equipped, the military forces of tho United States, now in this State, pur? suant to tho reconstruction Acts of Con? gress, may with propriety be dispensed with. Although that force has beon of great value in extending needed protection to the people, yet tho continued presence of thc military is a roproach to a Republican ??tate. Our Government must rest upon obedience! to law, and upon that willing support that the citizen should give to tho institutions that protect him. MILITARY OROEU9. The several Military Commandera have issued general and special orders during tho existenco of the provisional Govern? ment of tho Stato, which I recommend that you will declaro of binding force until repealed or rendered inoperative by Acts of tho General Assembly. Tho orders re? ferred to, relate to tho collection of debts, tho stay of proceedings in the Courts in certain cases, and the relations ot land* lords and tenants, Ac. It will prevent great disturbance and inconvenience to many of our citizens if the operation of those orders is continued until they can bo substituted by tho necessary laws. In? deed, tho Supreme Court of the United States has decided, moro than once, that military orders, issued pursuant to an Act of Congress, for the government of any domain acquired by conquest, continue in force per se as law until formally repealed by tho regularly organized civil govern? ment. The decisions to which I refer are found in 20th Howard, page 276, case of Eugene Loitcnsdorfer and Joab Houghton. plaintiffs in error, rs. James J. Wcbh;|and tho case of Cross vs. Harrison, 21st How? ard, page G6. The former of these two cases was brought up by writ of error from tho Supreme Conrt of tho Territory of Now Mexico, tho latter came up by writ of error from tbe Circuit Court of tho United States for tho Southern District of New York, and action was brought to re? cover back dues paid at the port of San Francisco, California, upon tho demand of an officer of the army, who was acting as Collector of that port under a military order. In both cases, tho Supreme Court of the United States hold that the Execu? tive authority of tho United States proper? ly established a provisional Government, which ordained laws and instituted a judi? cial system; all of which continued in force after the toimination of the war, and until modified by tho direct legislation of Congress, or by the Territorial Govern? ment established by its authority. Although the caso of South Carolina is not identical witb that of New Mexico or tho Territory of California, yot the same principle of expediency, would appear to he involved in all, and the same wise policy requires the maintenance af many existing military orders to bridge over tho transition period that mnst intervene be? tween tho cessation of tho military go? vernment and the enactment by the Gen? eral Assembly of the statutes neceesary for the regular administration of the State in its various departments. SALARIES OF STATE OFFICERS. In view of the impoverished condition of tho Treasury, and the necessity for the most rigid economy, in order to maintain the credit of tho State, I recommend that tho salaries of all State officers shall be placed at such a figure as will secure to them only a reasonable compensation for tho discharge of their several duties. In fixing theso salaries, due allowance may properly bo made for the difference be? tween the gold rate at which they were formerly paid, and tho present market valuo of tho currency; and as tho offices wcro created for tho bonefit of the public, and not for the emolument of particular individuals, those who hold them may well be content with a fair compensation for tho service that they may ronder to the Stato. I further recommend that yon pr?vido by law for tho appointment by tho Gover? nor of a Private Secretary, at such asalarv as will Becure tho necessary clerical skill arid intelligence for tho proper discharge of all the duties of such office. CONCLUSION. , Our gratitude is duo to tho Giver of all good for tho bright promises of an abun? dant harvest now visible throughout the State. Permit mo to express tho hope that in all your deliberations, tho spirit of harmony and mutual forbearance, so cessary to tho dignity of a legislative^ body, "may be carefully preserved, and that our new Stato, through your wisdom and prudence, may inscribo upon the opening pages of its history, a record un? sullied by tho petty v arfare of local inter? ests, and that ovory member of your body will bear In mind that ho owes not merely a duty to tho particular locality that he represents, but that tho whole State of South Carolina now calls upon him for the unselfish service of his head and heart. Let us hopo that the era of good feeling may soon roturn to tho entire people of tho"State, and that they " ill nunn regard themselves not simply as tho inhabitants of an isolated soction, but as citizens of a great nation, whose Bhips may float in safety upon ovory sea, and whoso flag is tho respected symbol of power and liberty in every land. I trust, gentlemen, that thc omniscient Ruler of tho Uuiverso may sustain and direct you in the arduous duties that lie before you, that all your acts may iuuro to the common good of our whole people. ROBERT K. SCOTT, Governor of South Carolina. sc roitil ii, or King1? F. vii, in cured by using Heinitah's Queen's Delight.