Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBIA. V Thursday Morning, July 2,1868. Mexico. It is a generally conceded proposi? tion that on uncivilized state of man? kind is ono of . ir, but it is an error to attribute this entirely to bad and murderous instinct:-. Civilized and uncivilized men have tho same keen appreciation of prosperity and selfish aggrandizemenv, bat with tho latter, tho only avenue open to Beoure these ends zs through strife. We are fully satisfied that nine-tenths of tho mil? lions of wars occurring betwi -u un? civilized tribes sinco the book of history was first opened, originated in tho desire to possess one another's treasures or comforts of life, whether in the way of pots, b??alo robes, scalps, weapons, slaves, paints, food or glass beads. Where a people do not wring any treasures from tho earth through agriculture, thoy inva? riably have to fight for them, and steal from one another. Although wo oannot strictly rato Mexico in the category of tho uncivilized, yet the condition of that country closely assimilates with it in many respects. Without agriculture sufficient to pro? vide for moro than the bare necessi? ties of its people; with a surplus in the shape of exports, scarcely twenty per cent, of tho actual amount of du? ties received- in imports, business must necessarily bo paralyzed, and the population reduced to pauperism. All schemes for the regeneration of the country must, therofore, prove futile, until this condition of affairs, whioh lies at the very basis of all go? vernment and civilization, is radi? cally changed. Peace in Mexico to? day is syonymoas with universal poverty. It is only in a state of war, and the necessities growing out of it, that the least vitality can bo galvan? ized into trade. Tho greatest and only important source of revenue is tho customs, and each successive ruler invariably diverts them into his own and few select adhoronts' pri? vate pockets. It is only while tho struggle for power is going on that he consents to divido them with his followers, or scatter them through tho country in tho purcbaso of war material. As soon os his triumph is secured, it is not long boforo tho neglooted and disappointed inaugu? rate another revolution, in tho hopes of, in turn, fingering tho revenues. The hopelessness of sottliug the diffi? culty by tho sword most, therefore, be apparent. No matter who suc? ceeds to tho Government, tho result must be the same. The New Orleans Times thinks it is worse than mad? ness for auy Americans to enlist in so hopeless a task. Maximilian's ex? periment failed through precisely these causes, its duration from the first being only a question of time. Nor is there any chance of a solution of tho problem until tho prosont race is either exterminated or depleted into insignificance. When the time arrives, which is inevitable, when tho country is so abjectly poor that tho inhabitants will bo forced to throw asido tho musket for tho spade, in order to preservo a bare existence, a new and enlightened working popu? lation entering that country may found an empire of vast wealth and grandour; but that is yet far in tho prospective. A colony, no matter how protective, would now only offer additional inducements to tho ban? ditti, and serve to prolong tho cxist onco of tho present deplorable con? dition of tho country. THE MISSISSIPPI ELECTION-TUE NEGRO RE-ACTION.-Whatever may be tho final reported result, says tho Now York Herald, thcro has, unques? tionably, boon a wonderful ro-aetion among tho blacks in tho lato Missis? sippi election. Democratic barbe? cues, on the footing of equal rights tho8o festivals in tho woods, where free pigs and fowls and bread and whiskey are furnished by subscrip? tion and consumod by wholesale aro reported as having tnrncd tho scale among the darkies. If so, negro suffrage in the South hence? forth is in tho hands of tho conser? vatives, for they have all the materi? als for those barbecues. The Mikado of Japan "closes out" an army in a hurry. On the 17th of May, ho attacked an army of the Tyooon, killed 800 and ooptarcd 300, all of whom ho beheaded. Delusory Ide?? of California. Bishop Atkinson, tho Episcopal Bishop in North Carolina, has fur? nished the Wilmington (N. C.) Jour? nal a letter from a resident of high position in California, whoso charac? ter tho Bishop endorses, and whose business of an assayor pro vos the oonfidenoe reposed in him by the merchants and miners of California. The subject of tho letter is emigra? tion, espeoially as it concerns South? ern men, to that State. Tho writer considers it a great error to supposo that California presents any unusual advantages either for capital or labor. Whilst the general condition of tho country is prosperous, and it is evi? dent that it will be the future soat of a large and flourishing common? wealth, this result must be the work of time. The professions there aro crowded to excess; clerks' are largely in excess of the demand; many hun? dreds of good accountants in San Francisco can find nothing to do. Tho opinion is oxpr?ssed that thoro is no city in the world where thopro {>ortion of unemployed clerks is so argo, and yet every in-coming steamer is adding to their numbers. There is no demand for any but tho actual laborer and tho man who is ablo to work on tho farm, though it is doubted whothor tho condition even of these last is much better than on tho Atlantic border. A man who has some knowledge of agricul? ture and rn^ir:g cattle, and who can reach California with from $5,000 to $15,000, might establish himself on a farm and probably do well, although tho raising of grain has rarely paid until within the last few years, and if a good crop should be raised in the Atlantic States this year, prices would bo likely to recede to their old non-paying figure. Much of tho effort to induce immigration to Cali? fornia is behoved to originato with capitalists, the valuo of whoso pro? perty is onhanced by tho demand which increased population must give. In regard to the mines, it is stated that the superficial deposits, where the gold was easily available, have been very generally worked out, and while mining is very extensively carried on, yet, as tho gold now ex? tracted is obtained almost entirely from tho working of quartz, or from shafts run at great cost into some ancient deposist of gravel, coverod often to great depth by formations which contain no gold, tho indi? vidual miner has few chances of find? ing a placo where ho can work on his own account. He must go to the mines as a laborer-unless he has tho, means to buy a mine, or to enable| him to meet tho expense of looking for and opening one-and ho will find that there, ns elsewhere, thcro aro quite enough men iu tho coun? try for tho work which offers. In regard to arabio land lying unculti? vated, tho most of it is owned, and cannot be bought for less than five dollars an acre, after which there will be houses, fences, barns, ?ra, to build, farming utensils and stock'to buy, and a year to wait boforo any return comes in. Whilst it is a land highly favored with great and varied resources, having capacities to sustain many times its present population of 400,000, it must cxpaud gradually, and whoever goes thcro without re? sources can hardly fail to como to want. Thoro aro Southern mon there who would gladly return if they could, and those at homo aro a i vised to remain whero they aro, as preferable to emigration. NEWBERRY C. H., Juno 27. MR. EDITOR: There was an auxilia? ry Democratic club formed in this beat (No. 3, Eastern Battalion, 38th Regiment South Caroliua Militia,)) some time ago, number ninety-one members, and has elected its officers and adopted a constitution and by? laws. Its officers aro: R. V. Gist, President; Dr. J. W. McCants, Dr. Wm. Hatton and Wm. Harts, Vico Presidonts; Major J. E. G. Naneo and Captain J. O. Turuipsced, Secre? taries; James S. Davidson and Reu? ben S. Davidson, Treasurers. Tho club meets regularly every fourth Saturday in oach month, at Dr. Hat ton's, is generally well attended, and members aro taking au interest in the noble work. DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES FOR THE PRESIDENCY.-Not loss than sixtcon names aro mentioned for the favor of tho Fourth of July Convention by various interests and tho admirers of tho different gentlemen. They are: Chief Justico Chaso, JudgesFiold, Da? vis and Nelson, Mr. Pendleton. Mr. Hendricks, Governor Seymour, Andy Johnson, Governor English, of Con? necticut; Governor Joel Parker, of Now Jersey; Gouerals Hancock, Mc? Clellan, F. P. Blair and Franklin Pierce; Charles Francis Adams and Reverdy Johnson. Hore is plenty of timber, and some of it good; but readers must not understand that tho extent of this list indicatos tho com? parative embarrassment tho Conven? tion will have in choosing. Congress will press business as rapidly os possible during tho rest of the session, and will probably adjourn by the 20th of July, if Mr. St?vons' new artioles of impeachment do not cause further delay. The House Impeachment Committee is still at work. -mu, nul 1.1BH1E UMMJMlMiBLL^fTinBJiniWWPT I The Inauguration of tte? New Go? vernment. IMPORTANT ORDER. , HEAD'QHS 2D MiXiiTABX DISTRICT, CHABLBSTON, S. 0., June 30, 1868. \ General Orders No. 120.]-Extract. Ia conformity with tho law of tho United States, passed June 25, 1868, entl ed "An Act to admit the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama and Florida to representation in Con? gress," all officers of the State of South Carolina, duly elected and qualified under the Constitution thereof, and not prohibited from holding office in said State by the third section of the proposed amend? ment to tho Constitution of the United Stntes, known as Article Fourteeu, will, upon tho ratification of the Raid amendment by the Legis? lature, be inaugurated without delay, taking the oath of office prescribed by the Constitution of the State, and otherwise qualifying, in conformity with thc laws of said State: 1. So much of the provisions oi General Orders No. 79, of. May 2, and No. 83, of May 12, 1868, from these headquarters, as designates the time for tho officers elected under thc now Constitution to enter upon theil duties, and requires them to take tut oath prescribed by tho law of July 2, 1862, being superseded by tho law above cited, is hereby revoked. 2. Tho third section of the pro posed amendment to the Constitu rion, known ns Articlo Fourteen, ii re-published for tho information ant government of thoso whom it mn] concern : ARTICLE XIV. ****** "SECTION 3. No person shall bo : Senator or Representative in Con gress, or Elector of President an? Vice-President, or hold any office civil or military, under tho Unitei States, or under any State, who, ha\ ing previously taken nu oath as member of Congress, or as an office of tho United States, or as a membc of any Stato Legislature, or as a executive or judicial officer of an State, to support tho Constitution c the United States, shall have engage in insurrection or rebellion again: tho same, or givon aid or comfort t the enomies thereof. But Congre; may, by a vote of two-thirds of cac House, remove such disability." ****** Should tho disabilities of any < tho officers olect not have been r moved, or if they should from ar other cause be unable to qualify, tl fact will bo immediately reported i tho Governor of tho State, and tl present incumbents, if they a charged with any active administr tivo duties, or with tho caro of publ records, or with the custody of publ money or public property, will, conformity witli tho law, bold ov until their successors be duly qua fled. 2. To facilitate tho organization tho new State Government, tho ft lowing appointments are made: 3. To bo Governor of South Ca? lina, Robert R. Scott, Governor elec vice James L. Orr, removed. To be Lieutenant-Governor, I muel Boozer, Lieutenant-Govern elect, to fill a vacancy. .To tako effect July 6, 1868, on t meeting of the General Assembly the Stato of South Carolina. 4. Th 3 District Courts of Sou Carolina having boen abolished, t records of all such courts will transferred to tho custody of t Clerks of tho Courts of the respe tivo Counties, and all nnexecut processes or other unfinished bu ness of the said courts will be retui ed to the Court of Common Ph and General Sessions, at the fi ensuing session held in such Count and in iiko manner tho records, ] per8 and public property in the c tody of the Clerks of said Distr Courts, shall bo turned over to I in-coming . Clerks of said Super Courts and Courts of Common Pie 6. For the purpose of organizath tho County Commissioners elect each County in tho Stato of Soi Carolina, shall, on the day provic bj' tho Constitution for them to en upon their duties, or as soon thc after as practicable, assemblo togct at tho Court House in each Com: and elect ono of thoir number Chi mau, who shall thereupon reqc tho retiring Ordinary in each Cou to administer tho oath of office to said Commissioners; and the e Chairman of tho retiring Cou Court is hereby empowered and quired immediately to administei the said Commissioners, sovera tho oath prescribed by said Const tion; which oath having been thom then and thoro taken and s scribed, said Board of County Ci missioners shall bo deemed tl qualified and inducted into office 7. Until tho General Assembly tho Stato of South Carolina shall pressly prescribe by law tho du of tho Sheriffs, Coroners and Ch of Courts chosen, or authorized tt chosen at tho election held in i State, on tho 2d and 3d of Jt 1868, tho officers so elected st after qualification, perform the du prescribed for said officers by law der the existing Provisional Gov mont of tho Stato. 8. Until otherwise providod law, the Judges of Probate electe South Carolina, shall perform duties heretofore performed by dinaries; and in respect to bu si appertaining to minora, au? the allot? ment of dower, and in eases of idiocy and lunacy, and persons non com? pos mentis, shall conduct their pro? ceedings as far as possible in con? formity with the rules and regula? tions governing the practice in like oases, in the Courts of the Provi? sional Government now authorized by law to take jurisdiction of such I business, and reoords and public pro? perty iu the hands of Ordinaries, 1 will be transferred to tho Probate Judges. 9. In liko mauuer, uutil otherwise Srovided by law, the powers and uties of County Coinmissiuuers in South Carolina, shall include the' powers and duties heretofore per? taining to Commissioners of tho Poor, Commissioners of Bonds and Bridges, Ferries and Cnts, Commis? sioners of Public Buildings, and Commissioners to Approve the Bonds of Public Officers, and in dischargo thereof said County Commissioners will bo governed as far as practicable by tho laws and usages regulating the functions of the offices, tho powers and duties of which are hereby con? ferred upon them. 10. It shall be the duty of each of thc Boards of County Commissioners in South Carolina, immediately after their organization, to appoint a Trea? surer to act until otherwise provided by law, who shall be required, before entering upon his duties, to enter into bond to tho Board, with securi? ties to bo approved by thc Board, nnd in amount to be fixed by tho Board, conditioned for the faithful performance of his duties, which bond shall be filed with the Clerk of tho Court for the County; and such Treasurer shall safely keep and dis ? burse all funds belonging to the Board; and for his services shall be allowed a commission, to bo fixed by the Board, on all sums received and paid away, but no commission or other fee shall be allowed on the transfer of fuuds of the Treasurer from his predecessor, nor from the Treasurer to his successor; nor shall tho commission allowed to tho Trea? surer, exceed the rate of two per cent, on moneys received, and two per cent, on moneys paid away. ll. Tho Circuit Judges, who shall be chosen by the General Assembly, shall, until otherwise provided by law, bo authorized to exerciso in suits in equity hereafter commenced all tho powers heretofore pertaining to Chancellors, subjeot to rules* of procedure, to be fixed by Justices of I tho Supremo Court; and, uutil the adoption of such rules, the existing rules of chancery practice shall be followed. By command of Brevet Major General ED. R. S. CANDY. LOUIS V. CAZIARC, Aide-do-Camp, A. A. A. G. NOTES DRAWN IN THE SOUTH DUR? ING THE WAR.-Chief Justice Chase gave somo interesting and important instructions to a jury in the case of Mooro ?fe Brother, of Baltimore, vs. Foster ?fe Moore, of Norfolk, which occupied tho attention of thc United States Circuit Court yesterday. Tho facts in tho case are, briefly, as fol? lows: In 1860, Foster it Moore, of Nor? folk, owed Moore ?fe Brother, of Bal? timore, $920, duo by negotiable notes, which fell due during the occupation of Norfolk by tho Con? federate army. After tho evacuation of that city, Mooro & Brother came to Norfolk, and Foster ?fe Moore agreed to pay the amount of their liabilities to them in Virginia mouoy. Foster it Moore then bought a draft for $1,000, drawn by thc Bank of Windsor, North Carolina, on tho Bank of Portsmouth. This draft was endorsed by Maury ?fe Co., Smith, of Norfolk, and other respon? sible parties, and made payablo to tho order of Moore ?fe Brothor, to whom it was sont. They neglected to havo the draft presented, and, some two months afterwards, the Bank of Portsmouth ran its assets into the Confederate lines. They held tho draft until 1867, and it was nover paid. Under these circum? stances, Mooro ?fe Brother brought suit upon the original notes, an?! tendered tho draft back to Foster & Moore, who refused to receive it. Tho caso was argued ably by Gil mer ?fe Son, for tho plaintiffs, and A. B. Guigon and John Howard for tho defendants. At a lato hour yester? day afternoon, tho Chief Justice in? structed tho jury: 1. That any draft, bill or note drawn in tho Confederate States, or any State, under the proclamation of the President, declared in insurrec? tion, or in any part of thom, oxcopt such parts as was permanently and absolutely under tho control of tho forces of tho United States, upon auy person or persons in tho Federal lines, was absolutely void as to tho maker and all other parties thereto, and was not to be received in pay? ment or satisfaction of any debt even duo to a loyal mau; but, Ibero beiug a'question ns to whether tho Bank of Windsor was, at the time this draft was drawn, in the F?deral or Con? federate lines, that question thc jury must decide. 2. That tho jury must bo satisfied that tho plaintiffs accepted this draft in satisfaction of tho dobt due them upon good evidence. Tho "rnvagoar" is a new rifle that can be fired forty times a minute. Tb? Patcli-worlc ot Congress. In looking over the work of Con? gress, whether upon financial ques? tions or those of a political character, we see nothing bnt mere patch-work. No country over as much needed broad and comprehensive legislation; in none was ever felt more the want of statesmen of sufficient grasp of mind to understand our political and financial situation aud to apply the proper measures. We have passed through a great and an unprece? dented revolution, politically and financially, within a few years. The war broke up the old order of things I ns a mighty earthquake changes the face of nature. Four millions of slaves have been set free and made a powerfnl element in our political system, though utterly unprepared to comprehend or exercise the civil duties thrust upon them. From I being comparatively free of debt and scarcely feeling taxation or the hand of tho Government, we have, in six years, become tho most heavily taxed people in the world; have accumu? lated a heavier debt, looking at the high rate of interest it bears, than any other nation is burdened with, and ; have a moro expensive Government than that of auy other country. The ! Constitution has undergono and is undergoing tho severest strain. We are, in fact, iu both our fiuaucial and political affairs, in an abnormal and disorganized condition. We are drifting, wo kuow not whither, and there has not yet appeared auy hand to guide or save us. The National Legislature, to which the people look for those measures that would I restore the country aud the finances to order and a prosperous condition, has shown the most lamentable inca pneity. Those few able and bold men in Congress-such as Stevens, Butler and a few others-who might have i capacity enough to grasp the great national questions, use their talents for partisan and factions purposes onlj. They, indeed, are tho revolu? tionists and tho greatest obstacle to restoration, peace, order and econo? my. Aa to the rest of the members of both Houses, they are mero non? entities, and aro unfit to legislate for a small State or municipality. They have not the least idea of the wants of tho country, or of those great na? tional questions now pressing for a solutiou. For three years they have been tinkering with reconstruction, doing and undoing, and fighting with tho Executive, when they had the power at auy time to have restored the Southern States, and ought to have restored them long ago. So have they been wavering aud trim? ming about tho finances, leaving nothing settled. Had the country been fortunate enough to have had statesmen in Congress, our national finances would have been placed upon a sound basis, and we should have had tho debt reduced by this time $500,000,000. Time and expe? rience do not even enlighten those miserable legislators; for instead of maturing comprehensive} measures on broad principles for raising revenue, for establishing a sound system of taxation, aud for making a tariff that would bear equally and justly upon all, we see nothing but patch? work legislation in favor of certain sections and interests. The cum? brous and unjustly partial tax and tariff bills have consumed a vast deal of time, and then in tho end have been abandoned for piece-meal legis? lation on two or three articles. The snmo number of school-boys conld do os well. Seeing our present Con? gressmen have not the capacity to understand and legislate upon tho great questions before them, the best thing they can do is to go home and leave the country to take care of it? self until another and abler set of men can bo elected in their place. [New York Her tdd. Robbers are tho most ingenious of men. A new, a bold, and certainly most originnl, trick was recently played by ono of their fraternity, at tho consecration of the new Chapel of Battersea, in Loudon. About the time of the ceremony, a well-dressed man, mounted oe a handsome horse, rode up to tho church-door, and, leaving his nng in chargo of a boy, mingled with tho worshippers in? side. His devout demeanor greatly edified all who sat near him. At length, when tho last psalm had been sung, and two of the elders of tho church were starting on their rounds to take up a collection, tho interest? ing stranger tonk out his purse, and, depositing avpiecc of gold coin in his hat, also made the tour of tho aisles, holding out tho hat to tho faithful. Parson and worshippers alike wero greatly moved by this exhibition of zeal, and ascribed it to a sndden con? version, so that tho hat was quickly laden with big and little contribu? tions. But what was the horror of all parties, when they saw tho col? lector disappear out of tho chnrch door, instead of returning with bis collection to tho sacristy! Boforo they had recovered from their aston? ishment, ho had remounted his horse and galloped away. This was a sudden conversion, but of tho funds of the church! A littlo family arrangement out in Michigan, by which t io wife of a gentleman contemplated eloping with her husband's brother-in-law, was spoiled because women will leave their love letters about. Local J.toms. An elegant oil painting will be dis? posed of, by raille, this evening, at 9 o'clock, in the Exchange Restaurant. Albion is ahead, so far as weight is concerned, on the potato question. Mr. Hope sent us one yesterday, which weighed twenty-one punces. A despatch published a few days ago mentioned, among others who have applied to have their political disabilities removed, the name of A. S. Wallace; it should have been R. M. Wallace. THEATRICAL.- 'Bailey's Southern Dramatics" will perform this even? ing, July 2, in Gregg's Hall. Two new pieces-the drama of the "Daughter of tho Regiment," and the farce of ?.Paddy, the Piper." Miss Parrott will introduce several new plays and dances. For particulars, see pro? gramme. RAILROAD CELEBRATION AT BATES vrxiEE-COLUMBIA AND AUGUSTA RAIL? ROAD.-The people in the vicinity of Batesville (near old Leesville) pro? pose to celebrate the completion of the road to that point, on Saturday, the 4th inst., by a pic-nic, &c. We learn that there are fine shade trees, pure water, and a large depot build? ing there. A jolly good time may be anticipated. Au accommodation train will bo run on this occasion leaving Columbia at half-past 8 o'clock A. M.; and returning, leave Bates' at 4 o'clock P. M. Fare 81 from Columbia, and fifty cents from Lexington Court House, for the round trip. FOR NEW YORK.-Excursion tickets to New York, via Wilmington, can be obtained at the office of tho South Carolina Railroad Company. Pas? sengers from the np couutry, by taking the G o'clock a. m. train, avoid a delay of ten hours in Columbia; they also have tho choice of three routes from Weldon to New York. The fare is S29. CHARLESTON AND THE LEGISLA? TURE.-The News, of the "Queen City," unmindful of yellow fever and kindred complaints, is again ham? mering away, to prove that Charles? ton and the "Club House" have superior claims and advantages to Columbia and "Janney's Hall," for tho transaction of business hy the new Legislature. With due defer? ence to the views and wishes of the News and the proprietor of the Club House, wo would politely remind those parties that Columbia remains the capital of the State, and a capi? tol can be improvised os Teadily here as elsewhere. Wo have the authority of the Chief Magistrate for asserting that suitable committee rooms haye been prepared in the building in Columbia, the statement in the Heirs to the contrary notwithstanding. The News claims that a large majori? ty of tho members are in favor of meeting in Columbia, receiving the mossage of the Governor, and imme? diately adjourning to Charleston. This, we think, is a mistake-"the wish;" doubtless, "being parent to the thought." One of the newly elected declared, yesterday, that if he was forced to go to Charleston, he would "carry his coffin along with him," while another consoled him? self by asserting that "burying was cheaper iu Charleston than Colum? bia." Wo wish it distinctly under? stood that wc have as yet heard no reports of the appearance of "Yellow Jack" in the city. MAIL ARRANGEMENTS.-The Most office open during the week fron. 8)? a. m. to 7 p. m. On Sundays, from 4 to 5 p. m. The Charleston and Western mails are open for delivery at 4M p. m., and close at 8% p. m. Charleston night mail open 8!j n. m., close 4>.i p. m. Northern-Open for delivery alJjL 8)n a. m., closes at 2.45 p. m. Greenville-Open for delivery p. m., closes at 8}.? p. m. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.- Special nt tention is called to tho following ad? vertisements, published for the first time this morning: George Sy min ors-Fruit, ?vc. C. H. Baldwin-Butter, ?fco. Jacob Levin-Auction. J. Cloudiuiug-Dissolution. Fourth of July Celebration. D. W. Hawthorn-Business Card. Joseph Taylor-Milk. W. B. Stauley-Cream Freezers. P. F. Frazee-Card. J. H. Bailey-Theatre.