Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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; ' - COLUMBIA. J Saturday Morning, Nov. 2,1887. Dnngerouo Condition of tho Country. Tho Baltimore Sun, of the 28th ultimo, contains copious extracts from a pamphlet published in that city, signed "A Marylander, " on ''the dangerous condition of the country. " I The authorship is ascribed to Hon. Rover dy Johnson. The essay begins with a description of the dangerous condition of the country, which affects injuriously every interest, public and private. It then refers to the view with which the Constitution of the General Go? vernment was adopted-whioh was, that without a real Union of all the States, and they and their people possessing equal rights, the country could not prosper. One of the car? dinal principles recognized in the representation of Stales, as we no? ticed yesterday, in the Senate and of population in the House, was the equality of the States composing the Union. To guard against the possi? bility of any mystification or destruc? tion of this principle, an amend? ment was subsequently adopted, whioh declares that the powers not delegated to the United States are reserved to the States respectively or to the people. Ten of these States, the author of this essay says, are denied this equality, and the conse? quence is, that the whole potential wealth of those States, which once enriched commerce, nerved tho arm of industry in all the other States, and increased the revenue, is lost to tho country. The writer, very pro? perly, finds the cause of all the pre? sent trouble in the measures adopted by Congress, which have suspended the restoration of the Union. Tho writer of this able essay then proceeds to discuss the grounds upon which Congress claims the power of holding the Southern States as con? quered and subjugated; that the in? surrection in the South assumed such proportions us brought it withiu the war power. He shows that tho (pOwer to declare war and the power to provide for the suppression of in? surrections, are, iu their very nuture, distinct powers-tho one looking ex? clusively to hostilities with foreign nations, and the other to disturbance at home. Belligerent rights were recognized in the insurrectionary Government, upon grounds of hu? manity, in order to prevent the butchering of prisoners. This con? cession at the same timo gave to Con? gress the authority to exclude neutral nations from all intercourse with tho South. As far as those nations were concerned, Congress claimed the rights of war; and, upon that claim, declared the Southern blockade and provided for the capture of vossels attempting to violate it. These cap? tures were made and adjudged to be lawful by tho prize courts of the country, and undoubtedly greatly aided the Government in ^bringing the insurrection to a close. Tn tho first of these prize cases, as tho writer says, tho opinion of the ?ttited States Supreme Court con? tains ono or two passages which have been relied upon as justifying the theory of conquest; but the rest of tho opinion, the author thinks, shows vory plainly that the Court did not design to announce- any such doc? trine. He then refers lo the case tried before Judge Nelson, involving the personal rights of a citizen of this State, wherein he ruled that "tho constitutional laws of tho Union were thereby enjoyed and obeyed, and were as authoritative and binding over the people of tiio Stato as in any other portion of tho country." This view Ls totally inconsistent with thc proteuco that tho South is now a conquered territory. We wish we had space, this morn? ing, to make some of tho extracts published by tho Sun. The article must bo from tho pen of a master mind ?"'1 B ?tntno'r!?\nF and we hope may have somo good effect in curbing tho wild passions of thc partizan legislators in Congress. Wo subjoin a portion of the writer's concluding paragraph: "But now, when tho clamor of wai is no longer heard; whon it hal ceased to resound throughout thc laud, and perfect peace hus boon ro stoiod, they (tho people) aro indig. nant that tho fruits of tho war, foi which tiny sc? anxiously looked, an not enjoyed. They witness a atil distracted and disunited country ; in the South, their' brethren are in a condition as calamitous as that of tho people of Poland ever was; they soe them still treated by Congress aa ene? mies; subjected to the harshest legis? lation-their recent slaves, in a con? dition for the most part of total ignorance, practically made their masters-vested almost exclusively with all State authority, by being given the elective franchise, and they denied it. They see them with? out representation in Congress, their industry at a total stand, their fields uncultivated, and thc promise held out to them in the beginning of the insurrection, that on its termination they would be received as citizens, and allowed the same political and social rights which they possesed before, grojsly violated; the expenses of the Government, in consequence, greatly enhanced, and no prospect of the restoration of those States to the Union. Axcejpt os Africanized, with Senators nud Representatives in Con? gress of that race, and a claim made to place the negro in every State upon an equal footing with tho white man, by giving to him tho elective franchiso and tho right to hold office, not only in all Federal but in all State elections; and, finally, continu? ing and persevering efforts to deprive the President of every power con? ferred by the Constitution upon that deportment, for tho double purpose of checking tho unconstitutional legislation of Congress, and enabling him to enforce a faithful execution of the laws-and threats made by some of its leaders, under the power of impeachment, not only to impeach him upon charges of which tho peo? ple know nothing, but to suspend him from office during tho trial, and appoint another in his stead-a mea? sure which nothing but his patriotic forbearance can provont from termi? nating in another civil war." Thaiikxglvlnft F ocluiiiat ton. The following is the President's proclamation designating Thursday, tho 28th instant, as a day of national thanksgiving and praise: PROCLAMATION BX THE PUES LD EXT OF THE UNITED STATES OE AMERICA. In conformity with a recent custom, that may now be regarded as estab? lished on national consent and ap? proval, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby recommend to my fellow-citizens that Thursday, the twenty-eighth day of November next, be set apart und ob? served throughout the Republic as a day of national thanksgiving and praiso to the Almighty Ruler of Nations, with whom aro dominion and fear, who inakctb peace in his high places. Resting and refraining from secu? lar labors on that day, let as reve? rently and devotedly give thanks to our Heavenly Father for tho mercies and blessings with which Ho has crowned tho now closing year. Es? pecially let ns remember that Flo lias covered our laud, through all its ex? tent, with greatly needed and verj abundant harvests; that He has caused industry to prosper, not only in our fields, but also in our work? shops, in our mines, and in our forests. He has permitted us to mul? tiply ships upon our lakes and rivers, and upon tho high seas, and at the same time to extend our iron roads so far into tho secluded places of tho continent as to guarantee speedy ovorland intercourse between the two ocenns. He has inclined our hearts to turn away from domestic contentions and commotions, consequent upon a dis? tracting, desolating civil war, and to walk moro and moro in tho ancient ways of loyalty, conciliation and bro? therly love. Ho has blessed the peaceful efforts with which we have established new and important com? mercial treaties with foroigu nations, while wo have, at tho same time, strengthened our national defences, and greatly enlarged our national borders. While thus rendering the unani? mous and heartfelt tribute of na? tional praiso and thanksgiving, which is so justly duo to Almighty (rod, let us not fail to implore Him that tho same divino protection and caro which we have so undeservedly and yet so constantly enjoyed, may be continued io our country and our people throughout all their genera? tions forever. -.-? ^ ?,-. Tho World says thc Government has despatched a special agent to Charleston, South Carolina, to in? vestigate the bounty frauds upon colored soldiers, particularly those of Ex-Governor Fen to n's "loyal" agents, Cook and Sherwood. Ex Adjutant-Gonoral Irving has attempt? ed to help tho latter out of their trouiiie, but ho has evidently failed, for tho officers havo been instructed to proceed to prosecute tho case with vigor. Tho Government is confident of its ability to expose a most gigantic fraud. --?-??-? Samuel Rainoy, and old and re? spected citizen, died at his resi? dence, in York District, on Saturday last. Mr. Rainey, at ono time, rep? resented tho peoplo of York District in tho Stato Legislature, and waa a member of tho Stato Secession Convention of 18G0. He was about HO years of age. ? <? * _- - Immigration. MSSSBS. EDITORS: lu common with many others, I have noticed with much interest the efforts of Gouoral Wagoner to induce immigration to this State. I have been pleased, too, with the sensible advice on this sub? ject, given from time to time, through the editorial columns of your journal. I fear, however, notwithstanding the zeal and ability manifested by the Commissioner, and tho vital impor? tance of the work in whioh he is engaged, that his efforts will prove fruitless of any great results, unless some means are adopted or some plan devised by which the transcend? ant importance of this matter may bo brought more directly to the atten? tion of hind-holders, and their ear? nest co-operation enlisted. Such a plan I would respectfully suggest to the Commissioner, and which, I be? lieve, if acted upou, will effectually accomplish tho objects of his com? mission. It is this: That General Wagener invite the land-holders of the several Districts of this State to meet at their respectivo court houses on a certain day, to bo fixed by him, and organizo "associations for the promotion of immigration." Let all land-owners be invited to join theso associations, who aro willing to do? nate portions of their lands to immi? grants who will settle on and culti? vate them. Let it bo the leading business of theso associations to collect and re? gister tho names of all such persons, with tho number of farms or acres they will donate, and forward lists of the same to tho Commissioner, Gene? ral Wageuer. This plan will provo effectual; no other will. Farms must bo given, to induce extensive immi? gration. It can easily be shown that nothing could moro successfully or moro rapidly enhance the int? rt *s of laud-holders and the prosp -rit\ of tho State, than the advent within her borders of a large number of small farmers from the old world. Mern laborers from thence will not answer the purpose. I would not undertake to raise cotton with foreign laborers, if I could get them for their victuals and clothes. We must have a host of small fanners. The only way to get them is to give them farms. I believe every land-holder in the State, who possesses a thimble-full of brains, will be willing, if the mutter be fairly presented to him, to donate portions of land as above suggested. One land-holder, and not a largo ono either, assures me he will give ten farms, of fifty acres each, to ten families of immigrants; another offers to give one-third of his land iii the same way. Every land-owner will give. Posh this Boheme properly, and by the opening of spring we may have au 100,(10(1 sturdy farmers from the "Faderland," laboring for the regeneration of south Carolina. There is an imperious necessity for an immediate and heavy increase in the agricultural population of the State; there is an imperious neces? sity for a radical chango in our sys? tem of agriculture; there is au impe? rious necessity for a division of plantations into small farms. Plant? ers in this State are ruining them? selves in the silly effort to raise cotton with hired labor. The experience of tho past three years prove the at? tempt to bo hopelessly ruinous. The agriculture of tho State is on thc verge of utter ruin. Freed labor, whatever it may be where the hinds aro freshor and richer, is hero con? fessedly a disastrous failure. Look at our condition. We have not made a sufficiency of bread-stuffs to feed the State until tho next harvest. We have not mado cotton enough to pay for provisions bought daring the last year. And so it will ever be under the present system of farming. A vast majority of the planters of our State have ruined themselves, pecu? niarily, in the vain essay to raise cotton with freed labor. I do not believe that one in five hundred of our planters has made five per cent, upon his capital, invested in fanning, during tho past three years. There must bo a change. The cultivation of cotton ns Hie leading ero]) must be abandoned. Thc sooner our planting friends recognize this necessity, and act upon it, the better for them-tho better for tho entire community. What, then, is the planter to do? Ile cannot farm his lands with freed labor. To do so will inevitably ruin him. Ho cannot rent ont his lauds. He eau find no tenants, except in raro instances, who would pay him rent to the value even of n pepper? corn. Ho cannot turu to stock raising. If ho do, ho will find his ?tock gobbled up faster than ho can raiso it. Will he sell out? Where will ho find a purchaser? Besides, to intensify tho gloominess of his prospects, there looms np i? the not fur distant future, tho black cloud of land taxation. Is thoro no hope, then, for tho planter? Yes, if ho will act wisely and in time. Let him devote his attention to tho cereal crops, and, as if his lifo dopondod upon it, let him heartily co-operate in the plan above suggested, for in? ducing a heavy immigration of small Farmers to this Stato. (Jive away, in tho manner indicated, u few of your broad and valuoless acres, and in n Tow years tho rest of your laud will bo moro than quadrupled in vuluo. Since writing tho foregoing, I have leen Mr. Aiken's letter in the Fhan?x, containing a g?nerons offer, identical with the one mentioned above. Thou? sands of others are ready to do like? wise. In this, there is hope for South Carolina. NIL DESPERANDUM. Tb? Burial of Genera.! "Washington. We extract the following from the Ulster County Gazelle, of January 4, 1800: WASHINGTON ENTOMBED-GEORGE TOWN, December 20.-On Wednes? day last, the mortal part of Washing? ton the Great-the Father of his Country and the Friend of man, was consigned to the tomb, with solemn honors and funeral pomp. A multitude of persons assembled, from many miles around, at Mount Vernon, the choice abode and last residence of tho illustrious chief. There were the groves-the spacious avenues, tho beautiful und sublime scenes, the noble mansion-but, alas! the august inhabitant was now no more. That great soul was gone. His mortal part was there indeed ; but ah ! how affecting ! how awful the spectacle of such worth and greatness, thus, to mortal eyes, fallen !-Yes ! fallen ! fallen ! In tho long and lofty Portico, whoro oft tho Hero walked in nil his glory, now lay the shrouded corpso. The conntenauce still composed and serene, seemed to depress the dignity of the spirit, which lately dwolt in that lifeless form ! There those who paid tho last sad honours to tho benefactor of his country, took au impressive-a farewell view. On the ornament at tho head of tho coffin, was inscribed "Surge ad Judicium," about tho middle of the coffiu, "gloria deo"-aud on the silver plate, GENERAL GEOBGE WASHINGTON, Departed this life, on the 14th De? cember, 1790, Mt. 08. Between three and four o'clock, thc sound of artillery from a vessel in the river, filing minute guus, awoke afresh our solemn sorrow the corpse was removed-a band of music with mournful melody melted the soul into all the tenderness of woe. Tho procession was formed and moved on in the following order : Cavaln-, Infantry, Guard, With arms reversed. Clerg}*, Music. Tue Generara horse, with his saddle, holsters and pistols. Pall Hearers : Colonels Sims, Ramsay, Payne, Gil? pin, Murstcllcr, Little. CORPSE. Mourners, Masonic Urethren, Citizens. When the procession bad arrived at the bottom of thc elevated lawu, on tho bank of tho Potomac, where the family vault is placed, the cavalry halted, the infantry marched towards tho Meant and formed their lines the Clergy, tho Masonic Brothers, ami tho Citizens, descended to the Vault, and tho funeral service of the Chinch was performed. Tho firing was repeated from tho vessel in the river, and tho sounds echoed from tho woods and hills around. Three general discharges by tho infantry-tho cavalry, and ll pieces of artillery, which lined thc banks of the Potomac back of the Vault, paid tho hist tribute to the entombed Commander-in-Chief of tho Armies of tho United States, and to thc do parted Hero. The sun was now setting. Alas ! tho SON OK OLORV was set forever. No-tho name of Washington-thc American President and General will triumph over DEATH ! Tho un? clouded brightness of his Glory will illuminate tho future ages ! -?-*?-? NOMINATING CONVENTION. -Tho Charleston Mercury, of Friday, says: "Tho Radical Convention to nomi? nate candidates to represent this Dis? trict in tho Stato Reconstruction Convention met last night, nt Military Hall. All tho delegates, white and black, were, armed with sticks or clubs. There might have been some exceptions, but wc were not aware of any. The white men present wero Gilbert Pillsbury, F. A. Sawyer, C. C. Rowen, David Barrow, T. J. Ro? bertson, (of Columbia,) Wm. Hurley, A. G. Mackey, X. (1. Parker and .Tas. M. Morrison. There woro two or throe other white men there, but when thc meeting was organized, the doors wero olosed, and they retired, all except members of the conven? tion being requested to withdraw, reporters not excepted." -<-??-? SEA ISLAND PLANTERS.-Tho Char? leston News says: It is proposed to hold a convention of the Sea Island planters on thc first of December, in this city, tc consider the necessities of the ser Cuuol of South Carolina, anti to pro vide for the prosecution of planting during tho coming year. The sug? gestion is an excellent one. It u hoped that a delegate will bo np pointed by each community ns ad? vised; and thero is little doubt thal freo discussion, and concert of action, will enablo thc planters to overcome many of tho difficulties which novi beset them, and which have added tc the alroady ruinous effects of an un propitious season. -. -r A young lady in England foam papa had put a check for $50,001 under her wedding breakfast plate. ALMOST A BOW.-Considerable ex? citement was occasioned yesterday, at the corner o? East Bay and Elliott street, by a large crowd of colored men, who had surrounded a white soldier, and were threatening to beat him. Officer Levy came to the rescue, and succeeded in removing the sol? dier and dispersing the crowd. We did not learn the origin of the diffi? culty.-Charleston Courier. At the recent convention of homeo? pathic physicians at Boston, some of the doctors mentioned, with great approval, tho use of the worm bath as a remedy for the sick head-ache, and of Southernwood for inflammato? ry or common rheumatism, both of which uses aro new. The President stated that but three medicines had been thoroughly discussed and tested by the socioty during its twenty-seven years of existence. GEORGIA.-It seems to bo certain that tho Convention in Georgia would have failed for want of a ma? jority vote, if Gen. Popo had not ordered tho polls to bo kept open three days, thereby, as the National Intelligencer says, enabling the ne? groes to voto under their numerous aliases and in various places. Henry Ward Beecher thinks that only custom prevents the wearing of mourning from being esteemed ob? trusive and indelicate. He says: "I never met ono mu ill ed in black from head to foot without a certain horror. The smell of crape is to mo like the smell of a charnel-house." Thero is a new magician in Lon? don, named Rnbiui, ono of whoso tricks is to cut off tho head cf a young lady, and enrry it to tho back of tho stage, where he unveils it, and where, at his bidding, it addresses to the audience moral and didactic sen? tences. Dr. Allen, a celebrated dentist, says that in the United States, in a population of 30,000,000. there are 20,000,000 of teeth lost annually by decay-all caused by the uso of bolted wheat, which deprives the sj-stern of the lime needed in the human teeth. A little girl in Massachusetts has been brought to life after beiug half an hour in the wator. Sho became slightly conscious in twelve hours, under constant treatment, and fully recovered her consciousness in two days. A student in one of the London hospitals, in pursuance of n bet, actually cut a slice from the brest of a corpse he was dissecting, broiled it before tho lire in th?! dissecting room, and ute it in the presence of his com? panions! Au Indianapolis despatch, of the 21th ult., says the heavy rains some three weeks ago, and tho warm weather since, started tho growth of tho wheat crop all over Indian::, and from an unpromising appearance previously, it now looks fino. New York city supports at the pre? sent timo ten theatrical and operatic companies, four minstrel troupes, three variety troupes, and one circus, besides gai den concerts aud other entertainments at different halls. A "loyal" young minister, at Kock Island, 111., has occasioned ii great deal of scandal at that place, in re? ference to his popularity with tho gushing damsels of his congregation. Thero lives at Detroit a cousin of Gen. Lafayette, by name Joseph Jean Lafayette. He is ninety-four years old, served in tho war of 1812, and was wounded at Plattsburg. What is the difference between a honey-comb and honey-moon? A honey-comb consists of a number of "small cells," and a honey-moon con? sists of ono "great sell." Two English noblemen have been arrested in New York for improper conduct, and will probably have au opportunity of examining tho insti? tution on Blackwell's Island. Tho Ohio wine-makers aro no'v busily at work, and thc newspapers of that State estimate that its wino urop this year will bo the largest it lias ever had. Peter Lorillard, of New York, who recently died at Saratoga, was one of tho wealthiest men of tho metropolis. He leaves an estate, it is said, worth $15,000,000. Tho Yazoo (Miss.) Banner an? nounces that Dan. Woolridge, a Con? servative negro, will be a candidate tor Congress in that district. Of tho 100 delegates elected to the Alabama Reconstruction Convention, sixteen are negroes and but two Con? servatives. Spurgeon says he never likes to liavo ono of his deacons pray for half in hour and conclude with asking thc Lord to forgive his short-comings. A New York wife petitions for di? vorce, ou thu ground that lier hus? band "endangers her soul" by his immoral behavior. Ohio boasts of nine women who bold tho position of edit a- or assist int editor. What do they want of tho ballot? The Republicans of New York ?itato are quarreling about bolting u thc most cheerful manner. Henry A. Wiso calls the so-called ?tate of Wost Virginia, "tho bastard mild of a political rape." Every family in the United States row pays, upon nn average, $200 ;axos a year, directly or indirectly. Iiooal T.tem?. We have been requested to state that the very finest beof that has been in Columbia since Sherman's advent, can be obtained ab Stall No. 1, in the Market, this morning. REDUCTION OF FREIGHT AND PAS? SENGER RATES.-We are informed that at a recent meeting of the Pre? sident and Directors of tho Green? ville and Columbia Railroad Com? pany, it was decided to reduce the passenger rate to about six cents per mile, and a proportionate redaction in freights. This is believed to be a good move, and it is boped will work beneficially. The JJailey's offer another pleasing programme-"The Bonnie Fish Wife," "The Secret," singing and dancing, and a negro extravaganza. Paterfamilias can enjoy themselves hugely, by taking ono or two of the little ones with them to Janney's this evening-ns the performance is of a nature calculated to amuse old and young. THE INDIAN SUMMER.-This month, November, has been pronounced the gloomiest month of tho year, and was styled by tho Saxons Wint-monat, or tho wind month, from the gales that are prevalent at this season of tho year. It was also called the Bloi monath, or the bloody month, from the large number of cattle that were then slaughtered for winter use. In more temperate climes there is, per? haps, less enjoyment derivablo from external objects in November, than iu any of the twelve divisions of the year; it has been popularly regarded as the month of blue devils aud sui? cides, but in this climate it is a bright and cheerful season. Tho Indian Summer frequently oxtends through tho eutire mouth, and tho beautiful weather then enjoyed, makes it ono of thc most exhilarating months of the year. BUTTONS.-Tho "misery of but? tons" is thus described by an Eng? lish writer: "Sartorial ingenuity hos not yet attained to thu manufacture of masoaliue garments unencumbered with tho dire nuisance of buttons. It is not too much to say that a man's whole comfort during the day is dependent on. thc stato of his buttons. The sudden defection of a button, when tho sufferer is beyond tho reach of all remedial assistance, puts him to misery and perhaps to shame." MAIL ARRANGEMENTS.-The post office opeu during the week from %}:, a. m. to G p. m. On Sundays, from \y? to 2.'.; p. m. The Charleston aud Western mails are open for delivery at 2 p. m., and close at 9 a. m. Northern-Open for delivery at IO1.; a. m., closes at 1 p. m. Greenville-Open for delivery at 3 p. m., closes at 8 p. m. Read Udolpho Wolfe's advertise? ments in to-day's paper. FIVE CENTS.-The price of single copies of the Phoenix is five cents, and purchasers aro requested to pay no moro for them. Wo are informed that some of tho news-boys charge ten. This is an imposition. JOH WORK.-Every description of book and job printing-pamphlets, bill heads, circulars, labels, posters, programmes, business, wedding and invitation cards, railroad receipts, checks, drafts, Arc, promptly execut? ed ah tho lowest rates. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. -Attention is call? ed to the following advertisements, pub liuhed thia morning for tho lirnt time Situation Wanted. Capt. Hock-Flour at Auction. J. C. Jannoy-List of Letters. Heinitsh's Queen's Delight. McKenzie's-Frosh Pies. J. Clondining-Oysters. J. ?fe T. It Agnew-Salt. J. P. Thomas-Cheap Wood. Fisher A Lowrance-Butter, Apples, Ac. Bailey's Varieties Again To-Night. Presentment Grand Jury of Lexington. C. F. JACKSON io recoiving goods regu? larly every week. Thoy aro woll solocted and sold at low rates. Call and seo them. No house soils goodschoaper than ho does. FIRE.-Wo have learned, with deep regret, that, a few days since, tho dwelling house, kitchen, smokehouse und all rho yard buildings of David Stoddard, Esq., a good citizen of this District, wore totally destroyed by fire. Besides the loss of thoso build? ings aud their contents, Mr. Stoddard lost about $1,000 in the fire; so that bo has lost everything, literally, by this misfortune. The tiro was acci iental, and caught from a stove-pipe. [ Lattrenseille Hmihi.