Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBIA^ Tuesday Morning, August 20,1887. Agricultural Resource? of tb? Sou tl?. Mi*. T. C. Peters having been com? missioned by tlio Bureau of Agricul? ture to nuke a tour through the Southern State?, did so, and gave muoh study to tho industrial problem of the South. From his report to the Department of Agriculture, we quote: "To tho muss of the Northern peo? ple-by which I mean of tho free States before the rebellion-but little is known of the agricultural resources of the South. lu Europe, the people fail to comprehend in the slightest degree the vast Seid which ia thero opened up for the future borne of tho emigrant. While slavery existed, the South was a sealed book to the indus? try and enterprise of the North. Freo labor could not penetrate, and hence the great current of Northern and European emigration would not seek an entrance into a country where it was not wanted or tolerated. "But slavery having been abo? lished, there is a vacuum created . for labor so large that a million of labor? ing people would now find profitable ?employment; and when theSouthorn people havo once mustered a supply of provisions for their own use, and to feed tho emigrant, means should be taken by the General Govern? ment, or by the States, to inaugurato a broad system of emigration. "Tho effective labor of the South has been reduced to such an extent that careful and experienced men es? timate it at one-fourth what it was before the war. My own observation satisfies mo that it is loss than one third. There are, therefore, largo quantities of land already opened up or cleared and fenced, which cannot be cultivated, and is fast growing up with brush and briers, for the want of labor. "Few understand the variety of climate, soil and production of the South. Its productions include those of the temperate and torrid zones. All the cereals can bo grown there as well as at the North, while oranges, bananas, figs, in addition to most of the fruits of the North, abound. In addition to the cereals, cotton is grown everywhere. I have seen, on the samo farra, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye and red clover, all looking well; the clo vor was nearly past bloom, and tho wheat almost ready for the harvest." Mr. Peters, in tho last paragraph, presents briefly the advantages which make the South an inviting field tc emigrants, and, his report being pub? lished, aud, wo hope, extensively cir culated throughout the North and Europe, it must have tho effect ol sending among us that which is mosl necessary to regenerate theso Status and make thom far more prosperous and powerful*than they were in theil palmiest day?. Of course, Mr. Pe ters, in his report, has avoided nuj reference to tho political condition o the Southern ??tates under the Recon strnction Acts of Congress, assuming in all ho says, that they aro States What he writes, therefore, is frei from all sectional prejudices, nm based solely upou tho natural re sources and capabilities of tho South ern region. Mr. Peters gives the reason wh; the South becuuio so prostrate un* so poverty-stricken for the past yea or two. Ho says that everywher in his travels ho found a scarcity c labor and moans inadequate to giv tho proper attention to tho soi! Domestic animals were sadly rc dnccd in number by tho war, an every species of brcadstuffs was al sorbed by tho samo insatiato giar. which devoured everything. Th people of tho Southern States, aftc their defeat, hud to commence lil anew, without money and wit empty granaries. They were ur skilled in labor, and had many le; sons of economy to learn, while, i the midst of their embarrassment: a bad season brought distress upo them by the failure of crops. Froi this cause, they had not tho means < paying their laborers, and therefoi many planters had to abandon opi rations, and Mr. Peters found hui dreds of rich fields standing idle f< this causo alone. Tho commissioner having claimc that the prevailing opinion that tl cultivation of forogo plants in tl South was unprofitable, Mr. Peto says it is a great mistake. His ol servntions convinced him that tl favorito agricultural grassos of tl North will flourish in tho Southe* States. On this point, ho says: "Thero is, thorefore, little lui, whevo au abundance of forago f< stock may not bo mado cheaply: n< is there any, where an ample supply ( green food could not bo grown for soiling tbe working animals during tho spring and summer. I have seen no country where I thought soiling would par so well, and it should bu universally adopted, as in the cotton and sugar zone of the South, for there, especially upon their lighter and thinner uplands, tho pino lauds, as they are called, vegetable manure is of the utmost value towards se? curing a crop, cither of corn or cotton. The great causo of tho exhaustion of those laud? bas been the loss of the vegetable matter of the soil. Nothing but an alluvion, after being replenished by the over? flow of tho river, could withstand the terrible process of cultivation which has so long obtained at thc South. Land and labor being plenty and cheap, the plan bas been to open new fields constantly, and ns fast as tho old ones ceased to make remune? rative returns, to abandon them and resort to now ones. It cost more to conserve manure thau clear lands. Hence one sees fow conveniences for keeping domestic animals." There is another paragraph in the report of Mr. Peters which deserves attention from, our agricultural friends. It is this: .'That a rigid system of high farm? ing will become profitable, I have no ' doubt. In many instances, I found farmers, who bad saved the manure of their auimals after a fashion, yarding their stock in rail pens with . out cover, then scraping up the litter, much soaked and washed by the win? ter and spring raius, and carrying it out upon their corn and cottou fields. Some few farms have good br ms and sheds, aud their manure is well han? dled and applied in good condition, and at a proper time. Prom these men I learned that by a proper rota? tion of crops, and a freo uso of ma? nures and fertilizers, in favorable years, i\ bale of cotton per aore could be made even on what are called the poor pine lauds of the Carolinas and Georgia. For the want, however, of skillful cultivators, millions of acres will remain waste, worse even than the native forest. They have no longer the labor, which bas been so long and so foolishly turned to waste? ful and improvident farming." There is much truth in tho above paragraph. High culture, on mode? rate-sized farms, is now the policy of Southern land-owners. Although they are now passing through the fires of adversity, we firmly believe that they will come out of them, with strengthened energies and with a resoluteness of purpose they never before entertaiued, simply because, as Mr. Peters says, the labor they formerly commanded was foolishly turned to wasteful and improvident farming. The wealth of the soil, no .'superior force," no political ascend? ancy, eau destroy, and we therefore look for a more prosperous future; and find in Mr. Peters' report much encouragement even for the impover? ished planters of the South. ENGLAND'S BEST CUSTOM inf.-From English official statistics of tho trade aud revenue for the year 1866, it ap? pears that tho United States, not? withstanding the terrible ravages of the late civil war, is tho best customer of England. A London journal says that tho foreign country which lins taken the greatest supply of British produce and manufactures is the United States; next Prance; then Brazil aud Egypt; thou China and Holland, and that the result of the vast increase iu British trade with the United States has been to restore the val nos of British exports in that country to a superior position to that which they occupied before the Ame? rican war. Says the return: "With tho whole of tho vast in? crease of moro than ?21,000,000 in our imports, the United States aro to bo credited. Tho imports from the United States, last year, were ?46, 852,218, an amount not more than doubling that of 1865, and exceeding that of 1861 and 1865 put together, but surmounting, also, that shown in any previous year in tho history of our trade with the United States, with the single exception of tho year 1861. The supplies from the South? ern States have risen first from $365,000 only, to upwards of ?5,000, 000 in 18G5, and to upwards of ?21, 000,000 in 1866." -!??> A CAPITAIJ ANSWER.-The Winns boro News, of the 10th instant, tells the following: On Wednesday last, during tho ses? sion of the District Court, occasion arbso to call to the stand, to givo evi? dence in an important case, a little colored boy, of apparently about ten years of agc Objection being mado by the opposite counsel to the incom? petency of a witness so young, tho little boy was called up by his Honor tho Judge, and questioned. After two or three questions were asked him, ho was finally asked by the Judge, "What is truth?" His instant reply was, "Tho Lord's saying." Negro Supremacy-Thc F ?iure. The New York Herald, of Thaw day, add? another leading editorial to ito former essays on negro supre? macy, from which we quote the con? cluding paragraphs: So far, in this conflict, Mr. John? son hns been baffled and beaten from point to point, until his policy has been reduced to tho issue between a rigid and a liberal execution of the laws of Congress-"only this, and nothing more." Ho wants a liberal application of the laws; and to this end, his late Secretary of War has been suspended, and we have been given to understand that some other Cabinet changes, and the removal of several, if not all, of the five mili? tary commanders in the South, will probably follow, and before the lapse of many days. But what will this signify? At first, we were inolined to the opinion that the radical pro? gramme might in this way be flanked and upset; but on looking a little deeper into tho difficulty, we find that it can bo reached only by the people through Congress. The diffi? culty really lies in this reconstruction programme of Congress, the inevita? ble tendencies of which are to negro supremacy in the ten Southern States concerned, and to a negro balance of power in our national affairs. In this reconstruction programme, the Republican party, as represented by Congress, bus been faithless to its professions and its pledges, aud it has betrayed the confidence and dis? appointed tho just expectations of the loyal States. No such dangerous and desperate party experiment as this of Southern reconstruction, on the basis of Southern negro suprema? cy, was ever demanded by tho popu? lar voico of tho North, before or since the surrender of Lee. But unless these existing reconstruction laws of Congress are reached through Congress itself, we fear that tho Pre? sident cannot divert them from negro supremacy without bringing upon himself tho fate of Stanton. What we want, then, is such a pressure from the people of tho North upon Congress, in our corning fall elec? tions, as will compel the two houses to reconstruct their measures of re? construction, so fur, at least, as to give the Southern whites fair play, as against the blacks, in this impor? tant business of rebuilding the po? litical and social State institutions of these ten excluded States. Surely, at least upon this issue of the su? premacy of negro minorities over white majorities in the South, the public pulse may be effectively touched in the North, and upon thia question even the present radical Congress may, through our approach? ing fall elections. -< ? A SENSIBLE NEGRO.-T. W. V. Pen? nington writes a letter to Mr. Greeley, which would do credit to a white man, and shows that he has a mort thoughtful mind than many of his white associates. Ho has been foi nearly thirty years a studont of Ame rican polities and theology, us thej bear upon the rights of his race, one has been recognized ns an "advancet thinker." And here is one bf lui opinions: "American theology, together witl our educational and industrial sys terns, have undergone changes o great magnitude. But our politic is yet a problem. Wo are a semi military Government sinco the Int? war, and, like ancient Rome, wo an still drifting empireward. Nothinj but the hand of God at tho helm o Government can savo us from th breakers of anarchy or military des potism. Tho next Presidential tern of this Government will bo tho mos important since it began to bo a Go vernment. Shall we yet see nn armec issue between the Executive and Con gress? Shall we seo the Executivi asserting his constitutional right t( command thc army and navy, ?cc. We may." Such beiug his opinion as to th condition of the country, we are nc surprised that he gives his colore brethren the following good advice "While the whites are reconstruct ing, lot us re-unite,-re-organize, an< educate our families, and prepar well for tho discharge of political dr ties when necessity requires." . ?????.? GEN. POPE ON MB. HILI,.-A th spatch from Washington, tinted th 17th, says: Gen. Pope writes Gen. Grant tw solid columns. The letters of B. ? Hill furnishes tho text. The folio? ing passage occurs: "It is, howevei my duty to state that, in my judf ment, the condition of allans in th Southern States, oven should recoi strnction bo satisfactorily acoon plished, will of necessity bo a reprt Unction, in a moro or less modifie degree, of what now exists in Tei ncssce, unless some measures ai adopted to freo tho country of th turbulent and disloyal leaders of tl: re-actionary party. Whilst these po sons remain in tho country to exe eise the baleful influence they ni doubtetlly possess, there can bo u peace." -. ? ? - Garibaldi is at it again. His lai speech is: "Mark mo well. Withoi Rome there is no Italy." THB POLISH COLONY IN ?POT8YL VANIA.-The Polish Colony in this County, founded by tbe active exer? tions of Gen. Tochmau, is represent? ed to us os in a most flourishing con? dition. It is composed mainly, if not entirely, of exiled Poles. Mon and women too noble for a despot's se? curity, and therefore banished from the land that gave them birth. "New Pola:d" is composed of some seventeen families, and each family bas about 100 aeres.of lund. They took possession of their homes too late last year to put iu a wheat crop, and, as is generally known, so poor as to bo unable to surround themselves with even some of the ne? cessaries of life, and of course not many of its comforts. Each of the families bas already ac? quired a horse, a cow, hogs, two ploughs, axe, shovel, spade, A-c. They put out an oats crop, which will afford ample food for their stock, with the bay that has been nlready harvested. They have grown largely of potatoes, beans, peas, Sec. Iheir corn is flourishing, and altogether they may be said to have been emi? nently successful thus far. It will be remembered that home croakers met these people la t year with tho prediction that they would starve to death, and other dolorous tales that would have deterred a less necessitous and brave-hearted people. The first year's labor bas rendered them independent, so far as mero living is concerned. With a good season and the smiles of Providence, they will commeuce laying up next year, and from a full supply of ne? cessaries will go on acquiring home co ni f o r ts. -.?Freda' icksb ur g Ha 'ah I. EXPENSIVE INFORMATION.-What happens to a man who doesn't take the papers: Once iu a great while, even iu Rock County, a man can be found who is too penurious to take a paper, or who thinks he is too wise or too smart to get any information out of one. An individual of this kind came to tho city on Saturday with a load of wheat, and as he drove np tho street, be was accosted by a miller who proposed to buy bis grain, and offered him $2.50 per bushel. Not having been to town for some time, and taking no paper, he was not posted on prices, and thinking this was a big thing, be took tho oller quick. As he was un? loading, tho miller discovering the wheat to be of good quality, asked him if he bad any more to sell, and was informed that he bad about 300 bushels. Tho man of flour then told him that he would give bim $2.50 per bushel for the lot, if he would contract for it that day. Such an offer was not to be despised, aud the farmer, fearful lest so good a tbiug might be withdrawn, lost no | timo in making the necessary con? tract before leaving the mill. When, however, he got out on the street, he discovered that he might just as well have had $2.75 or $2.90 for bis wheat as $2.50. So, at the lowest estimate, bis failure to tako a paper at $2 a year, cost him tho neat little sum of $222.50. A high price for informa? tion, truly. Moral-take the papers. [Janesville (Wis.) Gazette. A REMARKABLE INVENTION.-All tho processes for preserving the bodies of the dead now in use are likely to bo superseded by a ncwly iuvented burial case, by means of which tho remains of a deceased per? son may be kept unchanged for an indefinito period. The value of this discovery bas been fully tested at the Bellevue Hospital, where, under the direction of Professor Doretnus, a corpse already commencing to decom? pose was placed iu one of these cases, where it remained unchanged for forty days. At the expiration of that time, it was exposed to the air, and up to tho present period (thirty days from the date of exposure) the body has been thoroughly preserved from decomposition, no smell being per? ceptible.-N?w York World, Aug. G. SINGULAR ORDER.-Wo learn, from our country exchanges, that General Pope issued an order closing the University of Georgia, and Convert? ing the buildings into quarters for United States troops. Upon earnest entreaty ho was induced to modify his order so as to direct tho with? holding of tho annual State appro? priation of $8,000. The cause of this singular order is said to be that one of tho Sophomore class made a rather ultra Southern speech at the recent commencement. COTTON TAX TO BE RECOVERED BACK.-The Tuscaloosa (Ala.) Ob? server says: "We learn tu?t a large company, composed of men of in? fluence and position, has been formed in various parts of the cotton States, with the design of endeavoring to recover for tho planters, the tax that has been paid upon cotton. It is intended to bring the subject before tho Commissioner of Claims at Wash? ington, and if no success is met with? to the Supremo Court; and if necessa? ry, finally to Congress. Says tho Indianapolis (Iud.) He? rald: "The public debt is going up at tho rate of over 2-4,000,000 a month! that is only 210,000,000 a year. Cheap enough, certainly, for a grand experiment of turning white men into negroes and changing thc American into an African system of Government. Xiooal .TtOT?ia. We are indebted to Messrs. Daffie & Chapman for a copy of Frank Les? lie's Lady's Magazine for September. Mr. Mail Agent Schwarz informs us that at Golden Grove, Greenville District, there were registered for the two days-Friday and Saturday, August 1G and 17-40 whites and 54 colored. REGISTRATION. -Registration on yesterday progressed quietly. The whole number registered was 131 whites 60; colored 71. As many en? titled to register have taken up an erroneous impression that registra? tion for the upper wards closed on Saturday, we have been requested by Mr. Culnnn, Chairman of the Board, to state that registration will continue ut the Palmetto Eugine House until Thursday next, ac 3 o'clock p. m. Our thanks are due to Mr. Thos. A. Beard, for late Northern papers. Wo extend a cordial welcome to our young friend, who returns to his na? tive city, after a residence of over two years in New York, where he de? voted himself to his profession-that of apothecary and chemist-under Drs. Tully it Erwin. He now re? turns fully equipped as a "Knight of the Golden Mortar," and has con? nected himself with his old precept? ors, Messrs. Fisher Sc Heinitaii, where he will be pleased to see his old acquaintances, and "drug" them to their hearts' content; but let one and ail remember tho couplet: "A recipe pro balma esl, To take no physic is the hist." No Man's Friend-A Novel. By Frederick William Robinson, au? thor of "Grandmother's Money," etc. New York: Harper <fc Bro? thers. We are iudebted to J. J. McQarter, Esq., for a copy of Harper's "Libra? ry of Select Novels," No. 205, with tho above title. It is a graphic ac oount of English low life, and the characters are naturally described. Thc trials and tribulations of the Elvaiu family are peculiarly interest? ing; and Lewis Searle, although claiming to be "no man's friend,'' proves to have a soft spot , in his heart. The story is well put together, and is really worth reading. The price of the book is only seventy-five cents. Jon PRINTING.-The Job Office of tho P?ionix is as complete as any in tho So'itl}.. It is furnished with new fonts of type of all descriptions and of the most modern styles. All work executed promptly, with taste and skill, and at reasonable rates. POST OFFICE HOURS.-The office is open from S a. m. until 3'J p. m., and from 6 until 7 p. m. The North? ern mail closes at 3,LJ p. m., and all other mails close at 8 p. m. DEATH AND RAIN.-Tho London Lancet, in commenting upon the effects of rain and wet weather, says: "Rain, on the whole, would seem to exercise a kindly and healthy in? fluence. There is nothing very deadly in it. It may occasion catarrhs and rheumatic complaints, but these are curable with a little management and medicine. And we aro to pat to its credit the washing away of many of the most injurious causes of disease by a good Hashing of the sewers. Summer diarrhoea, cholera and ty? phoid fever would bo likelj- to be greatly lessened by a copious rain? fall. Dr. Trench, the medical officer of health for Liverpool, has satisfied himself by a series of careful observ? ations, extending over a number of years, that there is aa inverse ratio between the amount of rain and the amount of mortality from infantile summer diarrhoea. To tho same eifect are tho tables given by Mr. Macpherson, illustrating the relation of moisture to the mortality of cho? lera in Calcutta. According to these tables, the least mortality from chole? ra in Calcutta occurs in tho months of July, August and September, whioh are emphatically th3 wet months." This is certainly very gratifying information to oar people, for we have been blossed with copious show? ers during the whole month of July, whilo August has so far had an abun? dance of rain-sufficient for tho growth of tho various crops. Read Udolpho Wolfe's advertise? ments ia to-day's paper. To tuko mildew oat of linen, ase soap, and rab it we'I; thea scrape some fiao chalk, and rab it also into tho linen; lay it on tho grass; as it driep, wet it a little, und it will como out at once. TEA SET TO RAFFLE.-A handsome^ silver-plated ten set, belonging to an f unmarried mau, is offered for raille. The articles can be seen at the Phoe? nix office. Fifty chances, at $1 per chance. _ -_^_ NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. -Attention is edit? ed to the following advertisements, which aro published this morning for tho first trac: D. C. PoixottoA- Son-Auction This Day. Jacob Levin-Auction To-Morrow. Meeting Independent Fire Conipanv. A. ll. Phillips-House to Rent. Fisher A lleinitsli-Poverty of Blood. Columbia Lodge -Meeting! I?. H. Blease-Dissolution. Jacob Bell-Citation F.mma Jackson. -m - A tine lot of Desirable Goods have just been opened hy Mr. lt. C. Shiver, who stilt adheres to his popular principle of good articles for little money. Read bis adver? tisement, and then examino the goods. TUE POTE'S HOUSE-KEEPING.-The Pope bas a civil list of about 8700,000 a year. Out of this sum be keeps Papal nuueios in foreign courts, aud pays $1,400 a year to each of the j cardinnls who reside iu Rome. Out of rbis, too, he keeps up the Vatican, which contains no less than 4,000 rooms, and requires a large staff of domestics. The Pope also pays the Palatine Guard and tho Noble Guard, keeps tip the Pontifical Chapel, pays the camerieres, his household, ?*c. All this is administered with regular? ity and economy. PROFITS OF ADVERTISING.-A dealer whe advertised with us two years since to the amount of fifty dollars, told us a few days since, that as near as be could calculate, he bad realized $1,800 from the transaction. Per? haps it is not often that the circum? stances admit ol' auything like an accurate calculation of the profits of advertising, yet experience bas de? monstrated beyond question that they are very lprge. [Lewiston Journal. Some doubts have arisen as to whether the law of 1865 prohibits the importation of coolies into this country. It appears, however, from the wording of the act, that it was invented to prevent the trade in coolies in American bottoms, and punishes those thus engaged, when Buch persons are transported from their native laud without their con? sent, with forfeiture of the vessel, and flue and imprisonment. There is good news for tea-drink? ers. A despatch from India an? nounces that the tea markets, ia , China, have opened at. prices one third lower than at tho opening of last year. The tea merchants of London, who have been holding back their supplies in the hope of raising prices, have, it is said, re? ceived advices to realize. The British Ambassador at Paris is now Lord Lyons, formerly the British Miuister at Washington. The salary is $50,000 a year, together with au outfit of $40,000 sud a fine residence iu tho Bue de Faubourg St. Honore. Lord Cowley, who now retires on a pension of $8,500 per annum, bas held the office for fifteen years. Ordnance Sergeant Morrison re? enlisted in the United States Regu? lar Army, July 23, receiving his pa? pers in duo form. He has been a soldier sixty-seven years, and forty seven years be bas been connected with the American service. Sergeant Morrison is now eighty-two years of age, and bas charge of Fort Walcott, Newport, R. I. WHEAT AND COTTON EXPORTS. - The export of wheat from this country has rarely netted more than $20,000, 000, while the cotton export has frequently exceeded $200,000,000; and yet Congress would rip open the gooso that lays tho golden egg, by its direct tax and its measures gene? rally disastrous to Southern industry. Tho Tousas (La.) Gazette says that the cholera has appeared on some of thc plantations of that parish, greatly demoralizing the laborers. The ca? terpillar has appeared in the cotton. Many of the planters are preparing to emigrato, as the}- see no prospect of a speedy regeneration of the in? dustry of that section of the State. SUDDEN DEATH IN CHURCH.-We regret to state that Mrs. Aimar, mother of our respected townsman, Dr. Aimar, while attending 7 o'clock mass in St. Patrick's Church, yester? day morning, died suddenly of apo? plexy. Four physicians were sent for, but she was dead before they arrived. [Charleston Mercury. The Roman National Junta issued a proclamation of great length, dated July 17, calling to arms for the over? throw of the Pope's temporal power. The document does not seem to have produced tho slightest effect, as tran? quility has not beeu disturbed ou any point of the Roman States. Mr. Wood and Mr. Hough had a quarrel in Momphis, last Tuest T. und the former drew a pistol md fired at the ratter. In the very act Wood's wife rushed between the angry men and received tho bnllot in heir heart. Wood and Hough were arrested. "Blessed is he who bloweth his own boru, for he shall be heard:" A man is lucky who has gas, A man is lucky who has bras.? With gas and brass, with backe rs to* A smart chap ought to wiggle through.