Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBI^. Thursday Morning, October .* < ..6. Thc New Policy foi- thc South. We publish elsewhere un article from the New Orleans Picayune, which treats in a masterly manner, and fully embodies ideas which have been advance. ! >. n several occasions in the columns of the Phoenix. These ideas are gaining ground, and we seo they are being generally discussed by our Southern eotenipornries. They embrace two propositions -the more thorough culture of Southern lands, by abandoning the attempts to culti? vate large tracts, and by erecting manufactories. The Mobile Times asked, a few weeks ago, from the landlords of that city, where they expected trade to come from, to justify their exaction ' in the shape of high rents? And well it might ask. The usual receipts of cotton, heretofore, in that market, wore from 700,000 to 900,000 bales; now, the prospect-and it is doubtful at that-is, that the receipts, this year, will range from 200,000 to 250,000 bales. This is moro or less the ease in every Southern market. And, asks the Times, what is the fu? ture before us? If emancipation in other countries has produced certain results-for in? stance in St. Domingo and Jamaica it ought to teach the Southern people a lesson they must heed. Production in those fertile regions has steadily decreased, till, finally, St. Domingo imports sugar, and Jamaica hardly raises enough of thc sugar cane to supply her blacks with rum. To avert such a condition of things here, as we have frequently said, smaller tracts of land must be culti? vated, and cultivated more thorough? ly: and, on this point, our Mobile c o temporary says : "Although not us despondent as some aro of the future of the South, we again reiterate our warning to the planters, that, if they persist iu cul? tivating large estates, they will be ir? retrievably broken before two years have elapsed, and that their only hope of salvation is in the sale, at reasonable and easy terms, of most ot' their arable land to actual settlers from every quarter of the globe.'.' W are gratified to see the policy referred to gaining ground-to make the most out of the soil by an im? proved system of agriculture, and to manufacture our own cotton. And, in this connection, the statement in reference to the labor system of the North, and the immense amount of work performed there by machinery, contains most valuable hints to the Southern agriculturists, aud suggests another idea, which, if acted on, will increase the prosperity of our section. The paragraph is from a lette- of the lion. John Forsyth to his paper, the Mobile Register. He writes from Pennsylvania: "Tho wealth of this country cannot be justly measured by its population. The improvements in machinery, es? pecially as applied to agriculture, almost dispenses with the human hands, and the sweat of the brow. They plough, sow and reap with ma? chines, and man's only occupation is to superintend them. Hence, you ride over a country dotted with farms, in a high state of culture and groan? ing under crops, and are surprised at the lack of laborers, and wonder who does all this work. Capital and sci? ence have supplied the places of our large gangs of negroes, and the work goes on as if by magic. Thus, Penn? sylvania, with her 3,000,000 of popu? lation, eujovs productions equal to the labor of 6,000,000. The same process would make the South a gar? den of fruitfulness, the abode of a great population, and the seat of power. Let us take lessons from our neighbors, and find compensation for the sudden destruction of our vast labor system." There is the whole secret. The words, "dotted with farms in a high state of culture," explain one means of the wealth of the Pennsylvania farmers, while they become inde? pendent of large gang* of laborers by the uso of machinery and im? proved implements of culture. Let our Southern planters take these mat? ters into consideration, and profit by the lessons they convey. A SOUTHERN CONVENTION.-The Memphis Appeal proposes a conven? tion of the people of thc South, by daly elected delegates, to meet at some central point, and qualified by an immediate commission from the people to express their sentiments tv ul vindicate their policy and pur? poses from the foul aspersions heaped upon them by tho traveling adven? turers hailing from this section, and now on a pilgrimage through the Northern States, awakening by theil slanders and falsehood the mos! intense animosity against ns Ijook at. I lome. The Northern and Western pupers arc continually filled with sensation ?il telegrams from the South, aud m?re j especially has this been the case since : the present election canvass com? menced. To such un extent has this ; reached, that we notice in oue of our . exchanges that one of the Generals ; at tho South sends a despatch to General Howard that a large number of these telegrams are manufactured. The New York Journal of Commerce j calls attention to this growing evil of j false special despatches. The Louis- j ville papers expose a large number of j them, and yet, day after day, a large number of Northern papers are filled to overflowing with the same lying bulletins. A long and sensational account of a murder in Mississippi oi- Alabama is read with avidity and accepted as proof of the utter de? moralization of the entire State in which it is said to have occurred. But there are some reliable and j conservative journals who expose ! this wholesale maligning of the South. Of these, the Journal of Commerce is one. It says that after a careful sift? ing of the truth from the falsehood.* | now ou?rent, it is led to the conclu- j sion that the average of moral good ness and peaceable living is not j higher in the North than it is in the j South, and adds, that if it was to judge from specific cases, it would be compelled to give judgment against the North in the comparison, and alleges that the issues of the press from all parts of the North are filled with accounts of riots, arson and murder, and every crime known to the laws. The Journal cites the following case : "The truth is, there is ample work at home for those who devoto their energies to improving the moral con? dition of their fellow-men, wherever home may happen to be. We were riding in a railway car, in the Con? necticut Valley, from Springfield, Northward, on the -ith of July last, and had an opportunity of seeing soree of the young men of that part of the world, for they crowded the train in the evening, on their way home from celebrations at various places. We have not, for years, heard such an out burst of profanity and indecency, as made the car in which we rode hideous for an hour, .between Bellow-? Falls and the sta? tions North of it. About fifty young | men were in the car, mostly half drunk, and notwithstanding the pre? sence of several ladies, the boisterous language and conduct of these young men indicated the most thorough de? basement of character. Certainly there is ample room for the labors of good men among this class in the Connecticut Valley. But it is not to be imagined that the beautiful valley of the Connecticut is any worse in this regard than any other parts of the country. We have stated the fact only to show that it is desirable for all parts of the country to 'look at home.' " When we read of such murders as those half-dozen which were com? mitted in and near the city of bro? therly love; the riots at Indianapolis; the continual denunciations and blas? phemies of radical orators; the hun? dreds of thousands of dollars abstract? ed or stolen by so-called defaulters, we think the advice in the closing sentence in the above extract very ap? propriate to the revilers of the South -"look at home." FIRE IN CHARLESTON. - A fire oc? curred in Charleston, on Tuesday morning, in the building occupied by j Messrs. McKay and Campbell, ou j Hasell street, as an auction sales- | rodna. The flames were prevented from spreading, by the exertions of the firemen. The Pavilion Hotel was in danger for some time, but es? caped. The building, it is thought, I was set on fire. The loss to Messrs. | McKay & Campbell was about $9,000; j ?5,000 insured. It belonged to Mr. i Bisseil, and was insured for $5,000. j One of the last official acts of Sec- ! retary Harlan, performed the day j before his resignation took effect, was j to execute a contract by which the I reserve lands of the Cherokee In? dians, in Kansas, consisting of 800,- ' 000 acres, ceded by the Indians to the Government, were sold to the Connecticut Emigrant Society, for Si per acre. The stockholders of the several I railroads extending from Nashville to ' Decatur, Ala., met at Nashville on Tuesday, and agreed upon a consoli? dation, under the name of tho Nash? ville and Decatur Railroad. They intend to extend the line to Mont? gomery. The Huntsville Independent says that around the suburbs of Hunts? ville alone, are a hundred women and children, with no other shelter than the canopy of h paver. ? Like o. Sf onr.lvall.*' This sentence, politically ?peaking, can be applied to Andrew Johnson, with great propriety, at this time. Undismayed by those indications of radical strength which have already disintegrated the loosely-built and unreliable conservative party of the North, and which have frightened the New York Herold, Times and Post from his support, the Richmond limes says that he stands faithful among the faithless, as .firm and im? movable as the rock of Gibralbir. The unfounded rumor, which we noticed a few days ago, that the re? sult of the elections in Maine and Vermont had induced him to aban? don his policy, the Times says he has given an "emphatic denial." fie also authorizes ihe statement that he has in no way modified his policy, or signified his approval of the "con? stitutional amendment" adopted late? ly by Congress. He holds that amend? ment to be grossly violative of the fifth article of the Constitution, which says that "no State shall be deprived, without its consent, of its equal suffrage in the Senate;" and, as eleven States were vainly asking for admission, at the time tho amend? ment was passed, the President con? tends the whole proceeding was in? validated. Therei can scarcely bc any retro? grade movement--any step back? ward-taken by tho President, no matter if the party opposed to him, through thc coming elections, should retain or increase their present power. He cannot, with any consistency, abandon the constitutional ground he so boldly occupies at present. There is no inducement for him to do so, and we believe that he is honest and sincere in his convictions of duty, and that he lias the firmness, man? hood and fidelity to maintain them at all hazards. Who Ix Ile! The Washington correspondent of the Baltimore American-a radical journal, by the way--writes the fol? lowing to that paper: "A gentleman from South Carolina, au original secessionist, who served the so-called Confederate Govern? ment with distinguished ability, ar? rived in this city, yesterday, on his way home, having spent some weeks in traveling throughout the Northern I and Western States. He says he tra? veled with the object in view of as? certaining for himself the love and temper of the Northern people as re? gards the South, and with special reference to the prospect of Mr. John? son's policy being endorsed ly the people. Prom what he has seen and heard, he believes the people, every? where, will repudiate Mr. Johnson's policy at the polls, and he is now con? vinced the best policy for the South is to at once adopt the proposed amendment to the Constitution, as being the best terms they are likely to have offered them. He leaves for home the present week, and intends to urge upon his people the necessity of immediate action upon thia vital question." We can scarcely believe a word ai this charge against a South Carolina gentleman If it be so, we think this gentleman is utterly ignorant of the political tone and sentiment of his fellow-citizens in this State. We do nor believe that the people of South Carolina, even for the boou (?) ol having their few representatives ad? mitted to Congress, will ever agree to swallow this last radical pill. We would like to hear his reasons foi urging upon "his people" to stultify themselves by further concessions to the radicals. Tiley Won't Admit Vs. We recently reproduced a para? graph from the New York Indepen? den!, declaring that the radicals would not admit our representatives inte Congress, even if we were to ratify th? constitutional amendment. That pa? per repeats its assertion in more em? phatic language. Hear it: "We know personally every promi? nent member of Congress, and wt know that the leaders do not mean tc admit the unadmitted States on the mero adoption of the amendment. Moreover, we know personally the leading radicals of the Republican party outside of Congress, and wt know that they have no intention ol making the amendment thermal mea sure of admission. To say, therefore, as the national committee say, thal on condition of adopting the amend ment as Tennessee adopted it, 'tin door f-tands invitingly open for thc ten other States,' is to make a pro mise to the ear to break it to th? hope. " The Boston Commonwealth, a Sum ner organ, says the same thing. Chandler, the radical Assistant Sec retary of the Treasury, is to be re moved. John Wilson, the Thirc Auditor, is spoken o? us his successor wmfo ?? >? ? ? ? ,n> MV,.t l'Ile Coming Menait gc. Tile usually \vell-lbformed corres? pondent of the Baltimore Sun tele? graphs to that paper: All statements to the effect that the President has announced his deter minatiou to recommend the adoption of the m endments to the Constitu? tion proposed by Congress are utterly unfounded. He has not said to any one ho was iu favor of those amend? ments. It is true, nevertheless, that the President has had under consi? deration some of tho political points to be embraced in his next annual message to Congress, and some of these points have been submitted to his Cabinet. There is good reason for saying that Mr. Johnson will ad? here strictly to the policy that has characterized his administration. Among other things, he will urge that while the Constitution leaves it an open question for tho courts whe? ther ordinary legislation is or is not binding while States are refused rep? resentation, that instrument. is dis? tinct and emphatic in its requirement that in the preparation of amend? ments to the Constitution, all the States that claim and are willing;:? exercise the right shall be repre? sented. The President will insist on thc immediate admission of loyal and legally qualified representatives from all the non-represented States, in order that Congress may be enabled to prepare such amendments as the condition of the country demand. He will likewise recommend that when Congress is in accordance with this view of the requirements of the Con? stitution, amendments may be pre? pared adapting the questions of rep? resentation and taxation to meet the changed condition of the country. It is also understood that the President will embody in his message, as a sug? gestion to Congress, the two proposi? tions for amendment submitted last winter in the reported conversation with Senator Dixon. A corrected and revised copy of the propositions for amendment is herewith sent as follows: "Representatives shall be appor? tioned among the several States which may be included within this Union according to the number of qualified malo voters, as prescribed by each State. Direct taxes shall be appor? tioned among the several States which may 1?; included within this Union according to the value of all property subject to taxation in each State. This amendment not to take effect until the census of 1870 shall have been taken." liiiymnnd's Tergiversation** * The New York SH? is a prophet. Sonni days since, it uttered the fol? lowing prediction concerning H. J. Raymond's political course: "Mr. Raymond, who is the present Representative for the Sixth District, is in doubt about what he had better clo. If the prospects of the conserv? ative party were good in tho country generally, he would undoubtedly bc, the anti-radical candidate for re-elec? tion in his district; but-he has lately beeu admonished, through his paper, that 'something must be done,' and his present programme is to get back into his old party with all possible despatch. "The arrangement which he and his friends have completed for effect? ing the transaction is this: He is to immediately bring his paper around into the radical ranks, in considera? tion of which the radicals are to give him the nomination for Congress in the Sixth District. That nomination is then to be declined, after which the Times is to go in strongly for the Fenton State ticket, and the transac? tion of Mr. Raymond will then have been completed."' These predictions have been veri? fied-his paper has gone over, he has declined to run for Congress, and tho third feature of the programme will doubtless be carried ont. And all this from the long-winded mouth? piece of the Philadelphia Conserva? tive Convention! Is there any hones? ty in New York politicians? THOSE OHIO RIVER "GUERILLAS." Considerable sensation was produced, a few days since, by the report, which first originated in the Cincinnati pa? pers, that a United States mail agent was captured near Warsaw, on tho Ohio River, by a band of rebel gue? rillas. Although we thought the "tory quite improbable at the time, we published it as we found it in the Louisville Courier. It now turns out that the mail ajent, whose name is Dr. Farris, hail been indicted for mnrder in the C'>cuit Court of Galla tin County, Ky., .md that the partj of men who captured him was the Sheriff of that County and big posse com?alus. So much for the band of rebel guerillas, and their murderous designs on the Doctor. THE CASE OE MR. DAVIS.-The Na? tional Intelligencer, of Saturday, in an article on this subject, says: "In conclusion, we suppose every one will concede that the President cannot leave Washington, and go to Richmond to try Mr. Davis. And, as the Chief Justice does not feel at liberty t' * * so, we imagine these humane auals who aro clamor? ing for ..i sad of Jeff. Davis will have to e" oe still further patience on the Sui Cotton-NeVr nngland Pollry. We extract tho following interesting n?| marks from tho Now Orleans Picayune: Affairs in thin conn try promise an addi? tion to the memorable "paradoxes of histo? ry. A political struggle and a civil war. which were generally expected to effect a ' radical change in thu social order of n earl v half the States, have only revealed the im? mutable nature of the principles in which that order was founded; while, on the other hand, among their most visible results, are industrial and commercial changes which the advocates and prophets of social revo? lution confidently predicted would not oc? cur. Nono of tho New England political philosophers and social regenerators de? sired to destroy Southern cotton produc? tion, wliile laboring to overthrow thc Southern system of labor. They fondly conceived that they could annihilate a po- ? Utica] power which they hated, and derive increased protits from agricultural pro- ; ducts which they loved. But if misfortunes seldom come singly, blessings, the most tenaciously combined in hope, are seldom 1 associated in fruition. Every day dimit? shes the prospect of a magnificent New England cotton plantation in the fertile ! expanse of Southern Territory. The more the South perishes politically, the more dim becomes the New England vision ol vast material advantages from it? ruined and insolvent estates. New England policy threatens, in short, to gradually extinguish the foreign branch of tlio American cotton trade, and to pro- j duce ultimately an almost complete intro- j version of its domestic branch. Letters | from the Barings, in England, to commcr- ! cial men in this State, say that receipts of ; American cotton iii Europe are now count- I ed on to so inconsiderable an extent, that tho fluctuations in the prospect of the I Southern cotton crop nave scarcely an ap- | preciable effect in the English "market. The war,with its blockade of S uiotiorn porte, having stimulated cotton production j in ludia, Egypt and Brazil, in vastly aug mented proportions, political and indus- j trial conditions, since the war, combine to maintain and perpetuate this increased production in those countries. They, m ueed,|may be said to suffice to supply Eng? lish manufacturers. Liverpool, in respect to cotton, is tut ; longer dependent on New- Orleans. Eng land is released from the anxious and trembling homage which she oui* paid to the American Cotton King. She is begin? ning, on the contrary, to command, in place of tho United States, the great sources of the world's cotton supply; and it is not improbable that she will in no long time wield the sceptre of this now empire even over the cotton lactory oli? garchs of New England. lt is certain, at all events, that the spe? edie tax on Southern cotton, and the spe? edie bounty on American cotton manufac? tures in the way of drawback on their export, together with new conditions and tendencies of industry and commerce in the Sooth, are now pointing not only to the failure of New England expectations of a large and increasing supply of Southern cotton tor Northern consumption, but lo the transfer OH a large scale of capital and j labor in the South to Southern cotton manufacture. A movement in this direc? tion, once begun, is not likely to come to a voluntary pause. Judging by examples elsewhere, it is destined to be constantly accelerated. The causes which induced its beginning are of a character that bids us to expect that they will operate with in? creased force hereafter. If thia .move? ment, then, is to go on without abatement, and with augmented elements of progress, it cannot be questioned that at last the Southern consumption will absorb the Southern production of cotton. It is also to be supposed, in such an event, that the Southern demand for cotton goods would be supplied by Southern cotton factories. Thus New England has before her, as thc requital of her remarkable philanthropy and far-reaching sagacity, the loss of the magnificent plantation, aj?d the equally magnificent market, winch filled her dreams of benevolence and monopoly. These anticipations are based on no arbitrary assumptions. They are not to be. tdaased with vague or fanciful specula? tions. Facts art! constantly multiplying to give t beni a solid basia of reason* and pro? bability. Several cotton factories are pro? jected within two or three hundred miles of this city, in the State of Mississippi. Similar projects are on foot in Alabama and Georgia, and attention is seriously directed to such enterprises in Northern Louisiana. In tho meantime, cotton fac? tories that already existed in the South sro preparing to operate on an enlarged basis of capital and labor with renewed energy. It is needless to ask whence, tho labor for these establishments is to come. Their existence, according to economical logi?, will have to be taken as proof that tho necessary labor is present, or, if not in? stantly present, available from other sources. In the situation contemplated, ti., rj would be a strange translation into retribu? tive fact of the old prophecy, that New England was to be "left out in the cold," politically, as a national nuisance. She would become the victim of a terrible com? mercial frost for having been too intimate? ly and influentially concerned in the poli? tical destinies of the country. A GERMAN PRESS ON THK SOI-TH. - The Westliche Post, a German paper published at St. Louis, is convinced "that the former rebel States, in ease of a radical victory at the next elec? tions, will submit for good to the Congressional policy, and try by their good behavior to deserve again the rights of representation in Congress. They will see that the Northern De? mocrats are only their false friends, and act accordingly. " If the West? liche Post finds some comfort in the evangelical hope that tho South in future will love her worst enemies, and bless those who have cursed them, we do not object. Better to? day than to-morrow, if, after all, tho millenium is to come. GREENBACKS NOT A LEGAL, TENDER. In the Circuit Court of Baltimore, on Saturday, Judge Alexander decided the Act of Congress making green? backs a legal tender unconstitutional and void, an assumption of power not granted by the States to their agent, the General Government, and the court in argument puts the important query-can Congress convert paper into gold and silver? An appeal from the decision will bo taken. There is a great effort making in tho Texas Legislature to take the railroads of the State under special State protection, and to make of them a system whose object shall be to draw the trade of the interior of that-State to Galveston, Houston and Matagorda Bay, cotton and other produce being taken thence directly North. OLD ?METAL.-Mr. H. E. Stratton wanta a quantity nf nid meta!. S.-.' his advertise? ment. BLANKS rou SALE AT THIS OFFICE. Let? ter? >>f Administration, Declaration >>n Bond or Sealed S?otc, Mortgages and Con voyaneea ->t [Jeal Estate. THE liUKNINO ul Coi.irMUIA. AI. iii-er estin.: account ol th'-- Sack and Dextruo tion if City nf Columbia. S. C.," lian , si icen issued, pamphlet form, from Phtri?jr. power press. Orders UT.?M.I tu any extent. Price 50 cents. Copies eau bu obtained ?t this office -.md the lx.oksti\ren. ItEMOVEll 1N? IMPROVED. -C. F. Jackson, KO well and favorably known ?is a merchant in this place during and nineo t*?< wai, lian opened, in the newstoro next to thc Messrs. Agnew, ;i large and elegant stuck nf dry good?. Tho list ho publishes, in another column, will a! tract lys old customers, and especially the ladies. MAIL AUUANUEMF.NTS. -Until further no? tice, the mails will open and close aa "fol? lows: Northern mail opens 11$ a. m.; closes 12J p. m. Charleston and Western mail opens 3p.m.; closes ,l!l a. m. Greenville mail opens 5.} ?). m.:' Hoses s p. m. On Sunday the hour of delivery is from :! to 1 p. m. Nr.w ADVERTISEMENTS. -Attention in (-nill? ed to the following advertisements, which an.- published this morning For the ti rs I time: lUsslcv ?fc Creighton -Cargo Auction. S. K. Stratton- Old Metals .Wanted. <'. E. Jackson Removal, otc. Johu S. l?ate* Card. Mrs. D. C. Speck-Shiver House. Mayor's Notice tu Real Estate Owners". Publie Meeting. COLUMBIA, October :>', HAIG. A meeting of the friends of the National . Express and Transportation Company was held this morning, at Gibbes' Flail. On motion uf Mr. W. IL Talley, Col. L. 1). Childs was called tu the chair, who stated the object of the meeting. Tho President requested Thomas li. Gregg to act us Secretary. Mr. James G. Gibbes offered the follow? ing preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted: Wheseas it has become evident, to the public that tin" National Express and transportation Company, of which (len. Joseph E. Johnson is President, has been compelled to succumb to circumstances beyond their control, and a period in its affairs has arrived, which requites that all true friends of a purely representative Southern company shall bo encouraged and supported by the public; and Whereas the course of the National Ex? press amt Transportation Company, since its establishment, has been calculated to benefit every community in which it.-? agencies exist, by creating a healthy com? petition and greatly reducing the price of transportation over th< principal railway lines; and Whereas wt: recognize thc National Ex? press and Transportation Company as part of the enterprise uf the South, and, as public spirited citizens, will do what we can to foster and promote its interests; and Whorcas the citizens of Augusta, Charles? ton, and other cities in the South, have held public meetings expressive of their sympathy in co-operation in the endeavors to maintain the National Express and Transportation Company until it shall be? come a firmly established success; there? fore, be it Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that the people uf South Carolina cannot better express their appreciation of (len. Joseph E. Johnson, and the Com? pany of which he is President, than by giving to him all the encouragement which is possible; and that we regard it as a nut? ter of pride that a Southern enterprise, intended to benefit the whole community, should not be permitted, for the want of Southern patrol age, to fail in its good work. , Resolved, Thai the President of this meeting be respectfully requested to for? ward these resolutions to the Directors of the National Express and Transportation Company, al their meeting to be held in Richmond, Va., on the 9th instant. L. D. CHILDS, Chairman. THOMAS E. Gft&oo, Secretary. -.- --??.??? Nr.w ENGLAND MONEY.-There is unquestionable authority for stating that the New England manufacturers and bondholders have recently con? tributed a very large sum of money for carrying the Indiana election. This tliey can very well afford to do. If they can prevent their bonds from being taxed, and keep up the present high tariff, by which a single manu? facturing firm makes a profit of $16, i a day, they can very well afford to pay large sums to carry Indiana for the radical ticket. But. wdiat say the people of this State to the ar? rangements? Are they willing to be made hewers of wood and drawers of water to the New England moneyed aristocracy- their manufacturers and bondholders?-iV. A. Ledger. GENERAL SICKLES.-The President has appointed Gen. Sickles Colonel of the Forty-Second Regiment of United States Infantry, one o? the new regiments created by the army bill, recently ?passed by Congress. This is intended as an official recog? nition of Gen. Sickles' services to his country. The General, according to the Washington correspondent of the New York Herald, has intimated to the War Department his acceptance of the appointment in the regular army. He will soon be mustered out of service on his volunteer rank, but whether ho will retain his present command, under his new rank, is doubtful. The conservative procession, at Baltimore, Thursday night, was tired into by a crowd ot rowdies, rallying to the cry of "Rip-Raps." Two per? sons were slightly wounded. The rowdies were irritated by a sight of a coffin carried in the procession and labelled "John L. Thomas' and Thad. Stevens' over-coat."