Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBI^. Saturday Morning, September 1,1866 State Penitentiary. Several attempts have been made in past years to establish the peni? tentiary system in this State, but from some cause these attempts al? ways failed. Whatever may have been the cause, -whether from preju? dice against such an institution, or the feeling that there was no neces? sity for it-the great change that has taken place in oar institutions, espe? cially in our labor-system, bas turned loose upon society a population that, heretofore, were the subjects of do? mestic or municipal discipline. It is too evident, since this change has been wrought, that misdemeanor and crime have largely increased in every Southern community, and that some proper mode of punishment or prevention ought to be devised and adopted. We know of none better adapted to this purpose, than the es? tablishment of a penitentiary, where confinement and punishment do not deprive the community of the labor of the offender. The Charleston News has an article on this subject, from which we extract the conclud? ing paragraph, embodying the rea? sons which, we think, ought to be sufficient in the minds of all think? ing persons. After referring to the past, the jVeujssays: "The war, however, a change tom cela, and if we are to have any con? trol of the colored race at all," black criminals must be put on a footing with their white fellow-scoundrels. This will throw into the State Courts the innumerable petty cases of thefts, robberies and assaults, which wert formerly disposed of on the planta? tions according to the will of the owner or overseer, and the great number of prisoners that would thus, under the present laws, be given tc the custody of the sheriffs to be kepi in the common jail at the public cost would entail an expense which tin finances of the State could not sup port. All the reasons, therefore, which have combined to induce th? adoption of penitentiaries in othe communities, now apply with rc doubled force to South Carolina, an? we sinoerely Lope that the Legisla ture, at its extra session, will see to i that we have a State penitentiary where criminals will not only b made self-sustaining, but where the will be able to confer a benefit upo: the country by their industry, an where they will be fitted to becom useful members of the community e the expiration of their term of impri sonment. " As the Legislature will meet in spt cial session next week, we think i would not be inappropriate, arnon other measures? for the Governor t bring this matter to the attention c that body. All the necessary in foi mation respecting the working ( such an institution could be easil obtained from the Georgia author ties, and from other Southern Stat? where the system bas been in op^n tion for some years. We ure coi vinced that its establishment bei would be a great public benefit. The radical soldiers and sailors oj posed to the Cleveland Conventioi have issued a call for a Convention be held at Pittsburg, Pa., on the 25i inst. In their address they talk abo "odious treason," "traitors to be p nished," "premiums tu treason "treachery," Congress, ?fcc., and co chide with the assertion-"We ma! our argument in the field." GENEKAI, SICKLES.-The Wash in ton correspondent of the New Yo Herald says: "There is authority for stating th Major-General D. E. Sickle*, coi ?Handing the Department of the Sont has notanthorized the use of his nat in connection with the Cleveland Cc vention, and declines, while on du in his present command, to take pi in political movements." METEOBS.-From several of our ( changes we gather that there is general impression that the great n teor shower which fell in Novemb 1833, will be repeated this year; a in fact it is stated by a contempun that Professor Newton, of Yale C lege, who has devoted much time the investigation of the periodic ch acter of these showers, concludes tl a prodigious flight of meteors, 1 most imposing of its kind, will ma ita appearance, probably for the 1 time in this century, on the morni of the 13th cr 14th of November ne Only thirteen of these great she er? are recorded between tho ye 903 and 1833. Such a rare pheno enon awakens a deep interest ame all classes of persons. Preparath to observe this sublime spectacle, scientific purposes, have, alrei commenced in Europe. Let no < forget Tuesday and Wednesc nights, November 13th and 14th. An Inside View. Although "we are not disposed to discuss the platform or address of the Philadelphia Convention, wo aro wil? ling that tfiose who differed from us ia .relation to the propriety of the Southern States being represented in that body should bo heard. The temperate communication of Mr. McCreight, published Thursday, re? flected the views of tho more mode? rate of tho Southern opponents of the Convention, or at least of our Stato .being represented there. We think he ia mistaken in the position he has taken, considering the object in view -the defeat of the radical party. A writer in the Augusta Chronicle (ind Sentinel-one of its editors, we presume-gives "an inside viow" of some of the important proceedings of tho Convention and its committees. Fie says that various sets of resolu? tions were referred to the Committee on the Platform, and that Senator Cowan's resolutions contained, in substance, all that is in those adopt? ed. Mr. Raj'inond offered a set, and so did Reverdy Johnson, of Mary? land. It seems that thoso offered by Mr. Johnson were adopted. Wo quote from his letter: "The committee, after a session of over four hours, reported to the gene? ral committee the draft of a platform and address at 9 o'clock p. m. on the 15th. The platform reported by the sub-committee was adopted without a single alteration or amendment, and was substantially the one thought to be from the peu of the Senator from Maryland, except the resolution in relation to the soldiers, which was taken from the draft submitted by Senator Cowan." So that tho platform adopted is not from the pen of Mr. Raymond, but from a true Southerner, and ono of the most distinguished lawyers in tho country. Our own feeling and our advice to our Southern cotemporaries is, to drop any discussion as to the action of the Convention, and give all we can give to the furtherance of its objects-our moral support and cor? dial sympathy. IUtoving Cotton. Tlie attention ol shippers of cot? ton is called to the notice of J. Ci. Gibbes, Esq., Collector of the in? ternal revenue. We publish for the information of our readers the con? cluding section of the Act referred to in the notice: "All persons engaged iu producing or dealing in cotton, or in the trans? portation of the same, will specially note that Section 5 of tho Act of Jul> 13, 1866, renders it unlawful, from and after the 1st day of September. 1866, for the owner, master, super? cargo, agent or other person having charge of any vessel, or for any rail road or other transportation company, or for any common carrier or othei ! person, to convey, or attempt to con j vey or transport any cotton, th? . growth or produce of the United States, from any point in the district in which it shall have been produced unless each bale or package thereo: shall have attached to or accompany ? ing it the proper marks or evidenc? j of the payment of the revenue tai j and a permit of the collector for snc.l removal, or the permit of the asses sor, as hereinbefore provided, or t< convey or transport any cotton fron any State in which cotton is pro duced, to any port or place iu tin United States, without the eertificati I of tho collector of internal revenui j of the district from which it wa . brought that the tax has boen pail j thereon, or the permit of the assessor as hereinbefore provided; and sud j certificate aud evidence must be fur nished to the collector of the distric to which it is transported, and Iii permit obtained before landing, dis charging or delivering such cotton a the place to -which it is transported Any person who violates these pro vi sious, or who conveys or attempts ti convey from any State in which cot ton is produced, to any port or plac without tho United States, any col trn upon which the tax has not bee: paid, is liable to a penalty of ??10 for each bale of cotton so conveye or transported, or attempted to b conveye?! or transported, or to impri sonmeut for not more than ono yeal or both; and all vehicles and vessel employed in such conveyance o transportation are liable to seizm aud forfeiture by proceedings in an oourt of the United States bavin competent jurisdiction. And all coi ton so shipped or attempted to \\ shipped or transported, without pa] ment of the tux or thc execution < transportation bonds, may be forfei ed to the United States." Oilers had been made to retain tl French soldiers in thc service < Maximilian by inducing them to r< enlist iu battalions, each battalion 1 consist of 200 French and 600 Mex cans. This would secure thc servie of 13,000 foreigners for the Moxies Empire. The Georgetown 'limes speal favorably of the rico crop in that se > tion. Slander Ile fu ted I Li. F. Bates testified before the Re? construction Committee that Mr. Da? vis, when he received General Breck? in ridge's despatch, announcing the assassination of President Lincoln, said: "Well, General. I do not know, if it were to be done at all, it were better that it wero well done; and if tho same hud been done to Andy Johnson, the Beast, and Secretary .Stanton, the job would then be com? plete." We find in our exchanges^ a letter from R. A. Alston, of the late Con? federate army, pronouncing this state? ment a shameless lie. Tho writer was present when Mr. Davis received the despatch referred to. We extract from his letter: "The writer of this was standing within ten feet of Mr. Davis when he received this despatch, and never will he forget the awful solemnity of the occasion, and the noble grandeur and dignity of Mr. Davis' appearance. It was in the town of Charlotte, N. C. General Lee's army had surren? dered. Johnston's army was entirely disorganized, all was confusion, dread, uncertainty and gloom. Mr. Davis loomed up moro proudly than he hud ever before appeared to me; for he alone, of ail that vast crowd, seemed to retain the majesty and self possession of his character, and to rise with the energies of that dread? ful hour. Kiding into town at the head of a small cavalry escort, he dis? mounted opposite to the house of j this Lewis F. Bates, who had sent Mr. Davis a special invitation to be his guest-prompted, no doubt, by the desire to collect testimony in pri? vate conversation, that, he might usc j hereafter to advantage, instead of I soliciting it as an honor, that he might transmit to his posterity. I Dismounting from his horse, he proceeded to enter the house of Mr. I Bates, and was met at the stens by Colonel William Johnson, a promi? nent citizen of Charlotte, and Presi? dent of the Charlotte and Columbi;! Railroad, who said: "Mr. President, in behalf of the citizens of Charlotte, I give you a cordial welcome to the hospitalities of our town." Mr. Da? vis, who was dressed in a plain suit of grey, and wore a low-crowned felt hat, nearly covered with crape, bow? ed low and gracefully, saying, as he did so, "I thank you, sir." Thelargt ! crowd, consisting almost entirely ot j soldiers, with tearful eyes and over j flowing hearts, said, with deep ear neatness, "speak to us," "let us heai from you." He turned, with his kind, benignant, dignified look, tc the crowd and said: j "My friends, I thank you for this evidence of your affection. If That j come as the bearer of glad tidings, ] I had come to announce success at tin I head of a triumphant army, this i: nothing more than 1 would have ex pected; but coming, asl do, to tel you of very great disaster; coming ms I do, to tell you that our nationa affairs have reached a very low poin of depression; coming, I may say, : refugee from the capital of tho coun try, this demonstration of your lov fills me with feelings too deep fo utterance." [Oh, my God! ho felt i all.] "This has been a war of th people for the people, and I hav j been simply their Executive; and i j they desire to continu? tho struggle i I am still ready and willing to devot ! myself to their cause. True, Genera Lee's army has surrendered, but th men are still alive, the cause is no yet dead; and only show by your di termination and fortitndo that yo are willing to suffer yet longer, an we may still hope for success. In rt viewing my administration of th past four years, I am conscious t having committed errors, and ver grave ones; but in all that I hav done, in all that I have tried to do, can lay my hand upon my heart an appeal to God that I have had bi one purpose to serve, but one missio to fulfill-the preservation of the tm principles of constitutional frcedon which are as dear to mo to-day i they wer?; four years ago. I Inn nothing to abater or take back; they were right then, they are rigl now, and no misfortune to our arn can change right into wrong. Aga: I thank you." These were tho last words of Jeffe son Davis to his vanquished ar scattered people, and few among th: vast audience who will not remembi them. Ciod knows they sunk det into iny heart, and I can never fe again what I then felt, when I heal my noble chieftain bid us what I fe was his last adieu. Many of us con no longer retain our sobs. l?o bowed, and was about to tm to go into the house, when a litt boy from tho telegraph office bandi him a despatch. He opened it cali ly, aud read it in silence, and foldii it up and returning it to tho envelop handed it to Col. William Johnso j remarking as he did so, "This co tains very astounding intelligence The crowd, whose anxiety could l longer be restrained, cried out, "Rei it!" "Bead it!" and Col. Johnson, his deep, ?low and solem tone, read aloud. Some thoughtless perso shouted, and Mr. Davis looked such earnest reproof, that instant every voice was hushed, as thoui they were ashame 1 of having brok the solemnity of tho seeuo by sn indiscreet joy. Tho writer th shook hands with Mr. Davis, w asked him about his family, and otl questions of that kind, with which he was in the habit of making all feel at ease who came near him. Capt. Edward Lowndes, of South Carolina, was then introduced, and after a short conversation, Mr. Davis retired into the house. The Phlltulelphla. Ren-utioii. The people of Philadelphia gave a stern rebuke to their radical city au? thorities for not making arrangements to receive the President. They turn? ed out en masse, and displayed the greatest enthusiasm. From a full report in the New York World we ex? tract the following: At last, at about '2}? o'clock, the word passed rapidly along the line, "They are coming!" And the an? nouncement was duly verified by the shrieking of the locomotive whistle and the rumbling of the train as it rolled into the depot, amid the rounds of cheers and the booming of artille? ry. Instantly, as if by magic, the crowd seemed to melt through tho polico lines. They swarmed on top of tho cars, on the platform, and even into the Presidential car itself. In vain did the Cabinet officers, (rem Meade and staff, or even the police, interfere and expostulate. The crowd was inexorable and irrepressible, and fairly overwhelmed the Presidential party with their persistent enthu? siasm. At length, by dint of persua? sion, expostulation and some hard pushing, the line was formed and the band played "Hail to the Chief," and Gen. Meade escorted the President to tho vicinity of the Reception Com? mittee, it was now some moments before anything like order could bo secured. Cheer upon cheer rent the air, and cries of "Hurrah for the tailor President." "Hurrah for the savior of thc Union," "Andy forever," and similar complimentary allusions, completely drowned the President's voice, as well as that of Col. Page, who was lo welcome him on behalf of the Citizens' Committee. At length comparative quiet was obtained, and Col. Page welcomed the President in a brief speech on behalf of the mer? chants, mechanics, manufacturers and laboring men of Philadelphia. Col. Page's allusion to the workingmen of Philadelphia was productive of im? mense cheers. His allusion to the simplicity and dignity of our Repub? lican institutions as exemplified in the President's personal habits, was ap? plauded to the echo, while his refer? ence to tho President's efforts to restore union and harmony to the laud brought down thunders of ap? probation. Bnt if the welcome of Col. Page was characterized by con? tinued cheering of the President, words cannot suffice to describe the unbounded excitement that prevailed when the President himself began to speak, ft seemed likely that he could never get beyond his exordium, so constant and unremitting wore the plaudits which greeted him; and when, in conclusion, he promised to continue his efforts for the restora? tion of peace to a divided people, there went up a prolonged shout of approval. At the conclusion of the President's speech, tho crowding re? commenced, and bid fair to cngulph tho distinguished guests and the populace in ono inextricable mass. By dint of considerable physical ex? ertion, Gen. Meade succeeded in escorting President .Johnson to his carriage, and then the appearance of the President outside the building was the signal for renewed demon? strations of popular favor. GENERAL LEE, GENERAL GRANT AND THE COMING SOLDIERS' CONVEN? TION.-A correspondent of the Now York Herald, writing from Richmond, says : It has been remarked here that the presence of Generals Grant and Leo at thc convention of tho soldiers, North and South, would tend more to engender an abiding spirit of union and fraternity amongst all classes of people throughout tho country than any event that could occur. Tho en? thusiasm which animated the Phila? delphia Convention upon tho en? trance, arm in arm, of the Massachu? setts and South Carolina delegations, would be but a meagre display, com? pared to that which would hail the entrance of these chieftains into the Soldiers' Convention. Thc event would send a thrill of joy through tho heart of the nation, and present to the world a spectacle more sublime and impressive than ever marked the advent of peace or illustrated that grand moral pre-eminence and abid? ing conservatism which constitute such strong guarantees of permanent unity and fraternity. It is impossi? ble to conceive what influence such an exhibition would exercise upon the country, lt would effectually dispel any lingering resentment that might exist, and stamp upon the Union the impress of indissolubilit?. ? The two Generals, in their sublime relation, would be esteemed living types of national unity, and happy emblems of abiding peace and frater? nity. A soldiers' convention, hal? lowed by the presence of such men, in relations of cordial fraternity, would squelch whatever of radicalism may have survived the Philadelphia , assemblage. * ? . ' Tho widow of the late Stephen A. Douglas, formerly a Miss Cutts, and now re-married to Major Williams, an officer of the Federal army, will be present at the dedication of the monument to be erected in Chicago to the memory of her first consort. Noble Sentiments. The Wilmington Dispatch is ti live J paper, uml its editorials are marked with good taste und ability. While favoring the purposes and objects of the Philadelphia Convention, it is not disposed to forget tho memories of the past. We quote from an ar? ticle, on this topic, tho following I paragraphs: j "The intense desire which we cherish for peace and good will-the sincere wish which inspires us for the reconstruction of tho Government on the broad foundation of the old Con? stitution, unaltered and without mo? dification-the knowledge that prin? ciple must bo held sacred at the sacrifice of somewhat of material ad? vantage; none of these things have weight with us-we v iii not turn our back on tho noble comrades who sleep beneath the historic sod of Vir? ginia's glorious battle-fields; we will not say that these men were traitors; wo will not endorse any reflection on tho honor of tho sons of the South, which alleges that secession was re? bellion, although followed in its efforts for assertion by overwhelming defeat; we will not give in our adhe? sion to the lie which some would have proclaimed, that "success alone can make the patriot, misfortune al? ways makes the rebel." We look around us and consider the disastrous results of the issue, and receive the whisper that, perhaps it were best that we had submitted; but when the glories that have been ours loom up-when the form of : Jackson emerges from the darkness of the gloom, his face radiant with that knowledge of victory achieved, which it always bore amid the light? nings of- the battle, as the. shouts of his followers told in admiring enthu? siasm where he wu*-when a thou? sand stirring memories, a thousand j associations, which connected tis with j the cause, como back on us, like a i bright dream of happy days, that, alas! we may uot live again, we are confident that it was better to enjoy I these for a moment, though followed j by a blighting, crushing disappoint I mont, than to have endured, in hu? miliating, patient submission, all that we feared would befall us; all that we now know, from the results which stare us in the face, we would have been called upon to accept with un? murmuring silence-against which we might not have dared raise even a j voice of petition for justice-mere : naked justice. ! We are willing to do as the dele J gates of the South at Philadelphia ; promised we would do: We will give j tip slavery; we will repudiate oui j debt; we will pledge the payment ol I their debt; we will insure justice tc j the negro through our courts; we will j be true and loyal to the Constitution j we will say that hereafter we do not j claim the right of secession, as a con ! stitutional remedy; we will offer nc objection to any arrangement made in regard to the territorial interests o: ! the country, ami, so far as justice anc I the Constitution demands, perfora i our duty as citizens, bravely and witl j a faithful devotion to our pledgee i words; aye, with a devotion whicl ' will have no parallel. But we wil I not be your tools; we will not craw : in the dust, ami in miserable, abjec I fear, renounce the opinions whicl j have been wrought into our ver : souls -opinions which are a part o 1 the sacred inheritance bequeathed u j by our ancestors-in fact, all of tb j patrimony bequeathed us that ha been left untouched by "bummers' -all that has escaped the clutches o i brave generals and colonels in soarcl ! of trophies. - -- ! ANOTHER FALSEHOOD EXPOSED. I The opponents of President Johnsoi do not hesitate to employ falsehooi ami defamation whenever it suit \ their convenience, in order to des tro, . the popular affection for the Exeeu ti ve head of the Government. Thei latest effort has laen to fasten o , him the responsibility of suspendin j the issue of rations in the Sont i after tho first of next month. T ? this slander, Gen. Howard replies b saying, that "the order referred t j was issued by direction of the Seer* ! tary of War upon my recommend) ? tion, for which, whether right c [ wrong. I j. :n entirely responsible, j It was issued because prominent cit j zens in the Si.nth and elsewhere a ! leged that persons were "fed by tl. I Bureau in idleness," but especial! in consideration of the statemen made hy the inspectors, Genera Steadman and Fullerton, imply ir that the people who labor for sivppo are rendered idle by the promise c hope of rations from the Goveri ment. lt. is thought, too, that tl j growing crops will cumble each pa j ticular locality to provide for the j own deserving poor. The withdrawal of Governmentr tions will undoubtedly operate s verely against numbers of wort! people in many sections, but no 01 can question the wisdom of Gener Howard's recommendation in a gen ! ral aspect. It will compel idle, N cious characters to work, and, j desirable, eases specially or real ; meritorious may still be relieved 1 ; occasional aid, provided a board citizens, where tho parties so appl ing reside, recommend them as o jects for charity. -Raleigh Progress Hon. O. M. Roberts hus be. i chosen second Seuator from Tex: j He has a splendid record, httvii I beon President of the Secession Co ventirm of 1KG1. Ijooal Items. BLANKS FOB SALE "AT TM? OFFICE.--Let? ters of Administration. D?claration ?n Bond or Sealed Note, Mortgage* aiul Con? veyances of Heal Kstate. TUK BUKMXO OK OOU'MBI A. An inter? esting account <>1 tho "Sack anti Destine tion of the City of Columbia. S. C.," lifts just been issued, in pamphlet form, from the Phoenixpower pro??. Orders lilted to any extent. Price f>0 cent*. Copies can be obtained at this office ami the bookstore*. IMPOBTAST TO TRAVELERS.-The atten? tion pf readers is called to the new sche? dules of the South Carolina and the Charlotte and South Carolina Railroads, publinhed in another column. These changes arc made lo facilitate travel on the through route from Atlanta to Wash? ington. Bi<?HT OF WAY.-At a special meeting of the Cdy Council, yesterday^ that body granted the free right of way to the Co? lumbia and Augusta Railroad through Rice street, under the same rentrietions an the Kaine right has heretofore been grant? ed to the other railroads entering the city. Dr. Dannclly, of the Mid/Ile fi corgi i Xeirst paid n8 a visit yesterday. We have been requested by the Doctor to tender his heartfelt Sympathien to his fellow-com? rades-in-arms, and respectfully invites them to meet him this morning, at the Southern Leg and Arm Company's rooina, between S and 12 o'clock. McKenzie's ice cream garden was the grand centre of attraction last night. The fact is, the "local" was so completely mixed up with ?CO cream, sherbet, ehampagno frappe and good things generally, that he is positively nuable to describe thc scene, and will only nay that the baud of the Gth Regiment discoursed Borne of their sweet? est music -and that, br it known, is a rare treat: the Chinese lanterns dispensed a subdued light: the fire-works behaved well; and the ladies -God bless them- were out in full force. Music rs ntE PARK. -By direction of the Post Commander, thc band of the 6th In? fantry will plaj at tin' Park this afternoon, September 1, at 5 o'clock. The following will be the programme: 1. Kroigsmarch des Priester At huhu. 2. Selection-"Martha." :i. Waltz-Song of the Thames. 4. Duett andFinalc--"Lncrezia Borgia." .I. Come where my Love Lies Dreaming. 6. Mai eh- "Faust." NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. -Attention Uncall? ed tn the following advertisements, which are published this morning for the first time: Steward's Hall-Bearii and Lodging. Dr. C. H. Miot--Drngs and Medicines. J. Rulzbacher ?V Co. -Now Arrivals. Schcdnie over Sonth Carolina Railroad. Edward Sill-Turnip Seed. L. C. Clarke-Commission Merchant. Schedule over Charlotte Railroad. C. A. Scott-Eating House. ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION.-A de? spatch from Memphis says: "An attempt was made, this morn? ing, by G. W. Wood, United States Tax Collector, to kill Colonel M. C. Galloway, editor of the Avalanche. Mr. Wood called Galloway out of his room and fired upon him, the ball passing through the latter's hand, in? flicting a painful wound. Wood at? tempted to escape, but was pursued and captured. Au excited crowd soon gathered, and he woidd have been hung to a lamp-post but for General Forrest, who took care of him, and told the crowd that justice should bo meted out to him, but for the present he woulo protect him. Wood is under arrest." The following paragraph, from the Avalatiche, doubtless explains the cause of the murderous assault: "G. W. Wood, who was arrested, charged with attempting to commit a rape upon a negro woman, at the Southern Hotel, aud was committed, on the day before yesterday, by Squire Hall, was taken out again, yes? terday, for trial, upon a writ of habeas corpus, and was again committed for trial at thc next term of the Criminal Court, and bonds fixed at Si,OOO. The man Wood, spoken of above, is, we learn, a deputy collector at this place, who served under one Roue! Hough, and is the party who has been making investigations concerning the revenue stamps in our city for some time back, and who has thereby brought many of our prominent mer? chants into difficulty for not carrying out the law in the matter to the letter. The tools employed by the Govern? ment to do some of its dirty work are no doubt well-selected-in this in? stance, at least, thc man was found up to the emergency. We trust that justice will be done iu this matter, and that, if guilty, he may be made to feel that, ia Tennessee, there is a law for other offences as well as for failing to cancel a revenue stamp pro? perly. " A terrible murder was committed at Delhi, Michigan, last week. A negro, named John Taylor, procured an axe, and for some reason, as yet unexplained here, attacked the wo? men of the family of John Buck. One, a little girl, was instantly killed; her mother was mortally wounded, and her grand-mother was also seri? ously, if not fatally, injured. The murderer made his escape, but was arrested near Lansing. The Jack Hamilton Convention in New York was an utter failure. There was a stampede at the suggestion of a "small collection" for the cause. Bihjjhe collection of the people was jMrapnpngh.