Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBIA. Saturday Morning, May 5, 1866. Manufacturing nt th? South. We have on two occasions adverted to this subject, and it is again brought prominently to our notice by tho re? publication in DeBoic's Rerieir of an article written some years ago by General James, of Rhode Island, which demonstrated the capacities of the South for cotton manufactures. At the time this article was written, the necessities of slavery restricted the Southern people to thc pursuits of agriculture. This must now be changed, as free labor, white or black, will seek other channels. The statistics and estimates of Gen. Janies will, at this time, .hen the at? tention of our people is being directed to the subject, provo highly in? teresting. He argues that thc net profits and products of manufactur? ing cotton in Great Britain exceed those from the culture of cotton in the South by more than 100 per cent. In other words, of the ratio of the profits made on 480,000,000 pounds of cot? ton manufactured in England, the planter should receive as his net profits $60,000,000; whereas, he re? ceives, at most, but $30,000,000. This is easily accounted for. The planter sends his cotton abroad to be manufactured, and thus loses the profits of the process when it might as well have been done at home. Again, he produced a surplus of the article every year, sent to Europe a surplus supply, and consequently he had to submit to have purchasers make their own prices, giviug for the article just what they pleased. This the planter may kuow from the fluc? tuation in prices, and from the fact that an occasional short crop or a temporary deficiency in the supply creates a corresponding advance in prices, while, when the demand has been fully cancelled, prices fall again to their usual level, and very fre onently below it. Gen. Janies very pointedly says, hat if a Northern climate would ad? mit of the culture of cotton, and had a Yankee in either of the New Eng? land States a cotton plantation, with all the requisites for the prosecution of the business, the moment he fouud he could make more money by the manufacture of that article than by its production, it would be farewell to cotton growing, and the next thing you would hear on thepremises would be the clatter of the loom and the hum of the spindle. Now, if Southean planters would ; acton a similar principle, they would ! much benefit themselves, especially ? at this time, when every dollar of profits, either from the culture or the manufacture of our great staple, should be retained at home. At the time he wrote the ertiele under no tice, Gen. James g ve the following j schedule of the profits.jof manufac- ; turing, which is from actual data taken from the operations of a cotton factory then at work: Cotton -1,800,000 pounds, at seven cents per pound.-..$126,000 Co9t of power, (att^?S^W-. 4,50o : " Ca?atafT/?-. 13.2G6 , t"-*^-fvp?nnrnf,'. 11,734 Dressing and starch. '.),:W)6 i " Weaving, including all ex? penses. 26,598 ; Cost of repairs, wear and tear, ma? chinists, etc..". 17,002 : Co3t of gonaral expenses, officers' salaries, transportation, etc. 20,642 ! Interest on capital of $250,0(K). 15,000 j Total.$237,048 Against this sum, which iuchidcB the entire cost of manufacturing, we have 4,500,000 yards of No. 14 sheeting, tho product of the mill, * wurth now seven and a half cents per yard.$326,250 From this last amount, deduct the costos above. 237,048 -And you have a balance of. $89,000 This sam is the gross profit to the manufacturer, subject to the deduc? tion for commissions, &c, on 1,800, 000 pounds of cotton, after having paid for the cotton and the cost of manufacturing; while the planter who produced that cotton receives but $108,000, from which sum he has to pay all the cost of production, inci? dental expenses and the interest on his capital. Gen. James truly say?, that facts like these "should fix the attention of the cotton planter, teach hin? his true interest, and stimulate him to become the manufacturer of the pro? duct of bis field, instead of permit? ting others to reap the entire profit. Yet be acts differently. The small profits derived from his cotton fields, after the deduction from the gross receipts, of a sum sufficient to cover the cost and tho incidental expenses, are generally appropriated to the ex tension of agric?ltnral operations, and tho production o? more cotton of which there is already too much. He neglects the main chance, and delves on, from year to year, to build tfb European andNew-England manu? facturing cities, towns and villages, and to enhance their wealth, when he might as well secure a due share of these benefits to himself." If this advice npplied with force to the cotton planter at the time it was written, when we had slave labor, it is more applicable now, with a di? minished labor-force, the prospect of not over half a crop of cotton, ami when it behooves the impoverished South to make and to save every dollar she can. -? Another Sconrgc. The country has suffered from a terrible civil "war"-the cholera has reached our shores-and now we have " pestilence " among the animals, which threatens to bring "famine" in its train. Corn cannot well be made without horse power, and we notice in the Nashville Inion and American that a gentleman of that city has recently received letters from Arkansas and Mississippi, stat I iug that n terrible disease has broken out among the mules in the neighbor? hood of Helena, Ark., and Vicksburg, Miss., which threatens the most se? rious consequences. Already above 1,000 males have died. In one neigh? borhood, near Helena, 200 died in one night. So far, no means have been found to arrest the epidemic, nor any remedy after the anim"! is attacked. Strange to say, there ire no premonitory symptoms attending the disease, which does its work in about eight hours. The planters held a meeting, recently, at Laconiu, Ark., to devise means for arresting the plague, which threatens the destruc? tion of all tho mules in that section of the country. Still again. A gentleman who ma? nages a largo farm near Detroit, writes as follows to tho Tribune, ol that city: "Some time ago, I informed you ol a disease among my pigs. My* stock before the disease came was eighty seven; of these, fifty-nine were at? tacked, and fifty (bed. The first symptoms were great thirst, dullness, groaning, etc. ; then followed hard? ness of the belly, heat of the skin, difficulty of respiration, heaving ol the flanks and short cough, and th? eyes full of tears. All these symp? toms came on in the course of twelve hours. If tho disease continued, thc succeeding symptoms were still mort alarming; the animals began to stag ger about, the limbs were stretched out in an unnatural position, rattling in the throat, grating of the teeth, supporting themselves against thc wall only to fall and die in a few mi untes after. Death generally came on about tho third day. The caust is irregular and over-feeding, feeding on animal food, and short of clear, fresh water to drink." Sboulil these terrible diseases amongst the mules and the hogs be come wide-spread in the West anc North-west, wc may look ?mt for ? great scarcity ??f tin- principal urti cles of foo?!. It is a proper time foi all Christians to use the petition <> tlie liturgy: "From war, pestilence and famine, good Lord deliver ns." .-??-> DEBOW'S REVIEW.- The May issm of this excellent magazine comes t? us freighted with a large quantity o reading matter from the best writers as tho following table of content shows: Commerce and Finance ii History, by George Freileriek Holmes "The Political Crisis, by A. Greene The Causes of Commercial Greatness by R. G. Horton ; The Charms c Rural Life, by W. J. Grayson; Col ton Manufacture; Life and Times c George DeWitt, by R. G. Barnwel Mexico and the Fenians, by Georg Fitzhugh; Cotton Seizures by Fed? ral Authority nt the South ; and tb usual amount of editorial miscellany FKOM FLORIDA.-Thc Anderso Intelligencer says that General J. V Harrison has recently returned froi Florida, and represents that count! as being in the enjoyment of almo former prosperity. The freed ruf are all at work, and the great denian is for more labor. Civil authority in the ascendant, and the militai only nu assistance to the civil office in the execution of the law. HAIL STORM.-The York vi Ile E quiver states that a severe bail ?tol? and wind visited a portion of th District, East of tho town, on Sn day last. Considerable damage w; done to the fencing and growii crops. Much of t he cotton will requi a second planting. Tho track of tl storm waj narrow, but thc darna; done severe. mm tm~~~"?-:\ - NORTHERN PHARISEES.-Were tho scurviest thief in New York, says the New York World, to appear at any one of the%eligious meetings now going on in some of the churches in this city, and there declaro Lis re? pentance, and avow his conversion to a better life ?md bia desire to unite in the fellowship of tboso who profess to pursue it ; and wore his acts to bear out his words, he would be received, welcomed, rejoiced over, baptized, and admitted. Tho next dav, after applying to orring men this test in morals and religion, many of these same persons would read the Sermon on tho Mount at family prayers, and then go and declare their approbation of a Con gross which trouts worse than the scurviest thieves our Southern fel? low-citizens, who have erred in a matter of political Government, who declare it, who desire to renew their . .hi political fellowship and their alle? giance t<> the Union ?ind its laws. These charitable men call themselves Christians. FKEEUMEN'S BUREAU -IMPORTANT OHDER. -Gen. Scott, Assistant Com? missioner ?>f the Bureau, has recently issued tho following order to the agents of the Bureau throughout this State: HEAIX/KS ASSISTANT COMM'NEH, BUREAr K., F. AND A. L., S. C. Charleston, S. C.. April 20, '66. Ueueral Ordern Ac?. 10. I. Hereafter, no officer of tin- Bu? reau will be permitted to charge any ! fee for approving contracts between I the freed people and their employers. I II. All contracts heretofore made and approved by officers of the army ! will hold good and be enforced, al I though the provisions in them may ! uot be in exact accordance with thc views of the otlicers of the Bureau, us it is deemed injudicious to interfere, at the season of planting, with any organized labor. III. Should frauds have been com uiitted, or unjust contracts approved, by officers acting ns agents for th? Bureau, the matter will be adjudicated by some competent authority, ap pointed at a future day. By order of Br'vt Maj. (icu. R. K. SCOTT. Assistant Commissioner. Official: H. W. SMITH, Assistant Adjutant-General. (TEN. HOWAHU AT THE AFRICAN CON FEKENCE.- In au address to this bod\ on Monday, in Washington, Gen Howard said: "The civil rights bill was a gout thing like the magna charlu, looking bright and reading well. It will rea? well a thousand years hence, when people will point to it as the begin? ning. But it mnst be executed. Wnw it is executed fully in Kentucky tba State will be free, ami so in .Mary land. There is great danger ilmt it trit not f>e executed." To whom does Gen. Howard refei when lu; speaks of its not bein"; ex coted to President Johnson or tin Supremo Court? The Methodist Episcopal Church South, for the past twenty years, say the St. Tjouis Republican, o\vne?l am occupied a church building in La Grange, Mo. The Northern brand of the society had none, buthadbcei kindly granted tho use of the South ern society's building. After borrow iug tho keys for some time, while th town was in possession of a compan; of radical militia, they borrowed then once more, this timo putting them i: their pious pockets, and keeping th rightful owners out, through mil: tary intimidation. They have const quently had to resort to a lawsuit t regain possession. This may not b "pious perjury," but it looks ver much like stealing in the name < virtue. A NOBLE BALT?MOREAN.-Mrs. A T). Egerton, of Baltimore, was and : an angel of mercy to the Soutl Thousands of our surviving brav* can testify to her untiring zeal an limitless charity. She nursed tl dying, buried the dead, fed the hui gry, clothed the ragged, released tl p. isoner or consoled him by lette We have said that thousands surv? to bless her from every Southe] State; wo may add that tliousan? bless her in the better laud, tho sands that no vigil nor sympathot love could preserve from inexoraL death. Since the closure of the wa she has not fohle?! her hands, wea of well doing, but, if anything, r doubled her exertions. Worn o almost in her labor of love, she eco omizes life for the sake ?>f the unha py South.- -Augusta Constittitionali 'George Bancroft, historian of t the United States, denies the authe ! ticity of the letter of the Marquis j Montcalm, written immediately 1 ! fore the capture of Quebec, in 17? and containing a remarkable prop! I cy concerning the future of t i American colonies. The paper w I ?liscovere?l by Mr. ('arlyle, ami n peai ed in th?! Inst voil une of tho"L I of Frederick. " A boy named Conrad Koch ?.?' j milted suicide in St. Louis, on t j 24th, becaus?' he was chastised j his father iu presence of his swe ' heart and other spectators. I Thc Principle* of Fret Government. A.correspondent of tho New York Times, a few days ugo, writing upon the subject of 'Gold and its Uses,' introduced the following paragraph in his introductory: "I don't believe it is at all neces? sary that the rebel States should go? vern this country. 1 don't mean myself to help them to that result. I don't mean to say anything about it, except llii :; In my opinion, if Hie rebel Slates orr .mt represented in Con? gress during the ne.rt ten gears, the country will br a great deal he/In- off for it." The Timrs, on the next *day, re? torted by saying, the "rebel States" contain some 10,000,000 of people. Tiley belong to a nation professedly a Republic, governed by a written Constitution, whicli secures to all who ure required to obey its laws and pay its taxes, tim right of represen? tation. Possibly it was a mistake to adopt such a Constitution or to en? graft such a principle upon it. Pos? sibly it would have been better, at thc outset, if WC had provided that nobody should be represen tod in Congress, except New England, or Hie Western States, or the Northern States, or States that had never re? belled, or such States as Congress might designate. Such a theory of government has always had its advo? cates. Generally those who hare the power, are of opinion that the coun? try would be a good deal '-better ? ? IT' ' if nobody else were ever permitted to share it. Louis Napoleon thinks that ho eau rule France a great deal bettor than the French people could throngb representatives. The English Torios are quite confi? dent that England is a great deal bettor (.tf tuan it would In- if mon. ol' her people were admitted to rep? resentation. We are not surprised, therefore, to timi the same theories ol Government cropping out lu re ami there in our own republic. lt is per? fectly natural that when twenty-five States lind themselves in possessio! of the whole power of the nation many men among them should thin! tho country "a great deal better off' than if Hie other eleven were admit tod to share it. lint certainly no niau of iutelli gonce eau delude himself into tin belief that this theory is in harmon; with the fundamental principles o our Government, or fail to see that i strikes a death-blow at the funda mental principle of all representative Government, of whatever form. I there is any fundamental in free in stitntions, it is the principle that al Statesund all people' that are require? to obey the laws, shall be represente? in the Congress which makes them A Government which denies or dis cards this principle is a despotism wo care not what may b>' its form nor under what pretext it may doa' its tyranny. Cn less this is true. the. the whole theory of free institutions of self-government, of representativ republics, is a cheat and a sham. \ Sashrill'- Union and American. -? ^ ? ? - NORTHERN EMISARIES ATTHESOCTU A writer in the Boston Post speakin of some of the Northern fanatics i our midst, says: The emisarios from thc North ar encouraging the negroes to fon secret associations, ami to make pul lie parades, demonstrations and eel? lnations and in Itichmond they at often overbearing and insulting t tl io whites, which provokes retaliatio and riots. (Jen. 'ferry says there at now probably over a hundred of the.* semi-secret organizations among tl blacks in Richmond, and the nairn they assume are often ludicrous an blasphemous, one being styled tl ..Holy Sons of God." The white are patient and forbearing, excep perhaps, a few drunken rowdies, bi it is easy to see that a conflict of serious character is in embry Scions reflecting men shudder ; tue future of the black race, if flu are to be backed up and encourage by the Government. It is general believed by the most prominent me of the South that the war has alrem reduced the negro population on third. ^_ A DEOENT NEGRO NEWSPAPER. Tlie Mobile Nationalist, a jonrn owned and edited by negroes, luis sensible colored correspondent at Ni Orlemns, who is not in love with t Bureau. He says: "A thousand tim better would it be for the colored m were it abolished, for, instead being a safeguard or protection i the freedmen, it is only a place which freedmen's rights are barter away ; it serves only to engender b term ss and hatred in tho hearts the very people with whom we expe to live, die and be buried. * * The sooner it is out of the? way t bettor for all parties concerned." ^ always kn w that the better das-; negroes objected to the Bureau strongly as tho whites, and we- ; glad to perceive that their opillii ure getting into joint in a way tl cnn throw no doubt over their nuinoneHs. James Littleworth, of E'lymou Penn., now seventy-eight years c is tho father of thirty-one ch i ld r the oldest e>f whom is fifty years, i the youngest four months. He living with bis fourth wife, whom married at'the age of fifty-nine, being then a little Indian squaw fourteen. Tim m w Constitution ol' Te fixes the basis of representation the white population. Tho old < fixed it on the free population. Thc I III pc ntl Infi Europtvn War. Juhn Mitchel, iu hi? last letter from Paris to the New York News, write?: Italy, it was for some time said, was about to ally herself with Prussia, aud to strike Austria from the South as Prussia strikes from the North; thus accomplishing the uni fient ion of Venetia. It has been even stated Unit the King of Italy was eoneen-. trating two armies near the Austrian frontier, amounting in thc whole to 100,000 men; but this statement is officially denied by the Government organ of Florence. The rule appears to be, on all sides, to deny everything until the last moment. But that the j actual preparations for an European war are now in progress, and on a ! vast scale, nobody doubts. Italy, however, will at first hold a position of neutrality; as will also France, at fir.*/. But if war be once engaged in, both these powers will assuredly be i involved in it, and Russia, too. Not j England. England will "deeply de I plore," (that is thc phrase,) and will j sell ships and arms to all parties ! all round. She will not send a man j to the continent; for, in fact, she can? not spare them from Ireland; and the continent knows it. ? But, on tin* whole, as at present advised, I can soe no escape from au European war; and if it break out, it will be tremendous, lt is probable, too, that America would profit by it, both in commerce and in population. Besides, there must be several large houses, in the wooden leg business, at Boston. Also, the eminent crutch an?! splint, manufacturers of Connec? ticut, whose business was unreason? ably cut short by the too sudden ter? mination of the American war, just when they had laid in large stocks of seasoned hickory, and had their ma? chinery brought to a high state ol perfection, for turning outtheir wares with the utmost punctuality, neatness ami despatch. lt is tobe hoped they have not taken down their machinery, nor chopped np into fire-wood all that hickory; for now, as I seriously believe, they are going to have a fine foreign market opened to their enter? prise. Legs will be lively, and splints and cratches in brisk demand. Now, as this war seems really im? minent, :md the first shot may ht tired on any day, it is worth while te understand its merits; and, iu my opinion, Austria, this time, is wholly in the right. Austria and Prussia combined their forces to wrest from Denmark the Elbe Duchies, inhabit? ed not by Danes, but by Germans. They did this ostensibly on the prin? ciple of asserting Germanie nation al i ty, ot' liberating those Teutonic populations from Scandinavian rule, and restoring them to the Germanic Confederation. After the complete success of that war against Denmark a temporary arrangement was mud? between the two victorious powers foi a joint occupation of the Duchies awaiting the final settlement of theil political status. J bit searely has thii arrangement been concluded, whet Prussia, through her most imperious Prime Minister, Bismark, announce: the intention of totally disregarding it. and annexing the two Duchies t< the Prussian dominions, without tin slightest regard to theil' wishes, ant in utter contempt of the principle o rationality which she and her alb had gone to war to maintain. On tin other hand, Austria steadily oppose to this iiitdension the treaty of Gas teiti, the principles of the Germain Confederation, and the legal rights o the Duke of Augustenberg, whicl must be determined upon by th General Diet. As for the priority il threatening armaments, upon whicl sueb or,-nt stress has been laid, eve: if it be true that Austria has bee: concentrating forces on the Prussia: fronter, it is highly natural. a*d eve necessary, that she should do so; fo Ihe Duchies, about which the i ni nie di ate difficulty has arisen, aud wher Prussia threatens to.take militar possession, are at Prussia's door, an ?are far "from Austria. In fact, th whole mass of the Prussian domini?n lies between those Duchies and Am tria. Therefore, if the latter mear to maintain her pretensions at all, sh must be ready, and in force, an within a day's march of Prussian te ri tory. CHIEF JUSTICE CHASE.-Thu con punitively insignificant position o eupied by Chief Justice Chase, on tl Bench of the Supreme Court, is tl subject of general remark. Mai sha almost invariably carried the Cou with him. Taney generally did ?. But Chase never, in any case whe: tito Court is divided. Thus is th partisan Judge almost daily humilia eil and rebuked by his ow n associate So the "whirligig of time has its r venges," and the fanatical sower dissension and promoter of disco between toe different members of tl American family, though raised the loftiest pinnacle of tho Amelia Judiciary, finds himself without i Alienee and without obedience. Li Lear that "poor discrowned Khij he already begins to learn that t honors which "should accompai old age" are not for him, and that 1 future career is to be ns barren ai as profitless as though he were co signed for life to the remotest corne of New Mexico. - Washington Corn po/tdence New York Express. < ?? ? t> The green, red, blue and yelh ? .ors have boon successfully rt dered by means of photography M. Niepce d<* St. Victor. The Astronomical Society of El laud has just issued sight views of X planet Mars. Local lt? Mortgage? and Conveyance? of Real Es? tate for ?ale at this office. THE BUIININO OF Co L UMBI A . -AII utter eating account ol the "Sack ami Destruc? tion of tho City of Columbias. S. C.." ha? just been issued, in pamphlet form, from the Ptur.nLt. steam power press. Ord? i> can he tilled to anv extent. HOOK ANO JOB PUINTINO. The 1'lnfnix office is now fully supplied with cards, colored and white paper, colored ink, wood type, etc.. and is now in condition to exe? cute all manner of book and job printing in the shortest possible time. (Jive ns a call. Owing to the reduction in th? coat of printing paper, and the tumble in prices generally, we have reduced the subscrip? tion to the Phoenix as follow*: Daily paper, one year. $8.00 Daily paper, per month . 75 Tri-weekly, one year. 5.00 Tri-weekly, per month. 50 Hr.-ESTABLisHEo. -The Provost Court at this Post is re-established by orders from Headquarters, Chariest . S. C.; Capt. J. A. Clark, 15th Maine Volunteers, Presiding Judge; Magistrates McDonald and Walker, Associate Judges. The Court meets this morning for the trial cf several cases. The stockholders of the Greenvdle and Columbia Railroad Company ;net at 10 o' ?ck yesterday morning, pursuant to ad? journment. The report of the Committee to whom the President and Directors' re? port and other papers were referred, was presented hy the Chairman, which, after some discussion and amendments made, was adopted. The meeting adjourned at sn late au hour that we cannot give a synopsis of the proceedings, but will dn so in our next issue. The following is the result of the election for President and Directors for the ensuing year: /'resident H. P. Hammett. Directors - Simeon Fair, Robert Stewart, T. C. Perrin, J. W. W. Marshall, Alexander McKee, James P. Boyce, B. F. Perry, J. L. Orr, J. P. Reed, L. D. Childs, Daniel Brown. H. T. Farmer. SEW AuvKiiTi.sKMEN'rs. ? Attention ia call? ed to the following advertisements, which are published this morning for tb? first time: Jacob Bell-Citation David H. Adams. C. H. Baldwin -Hams, Fruits, Ac. A. R. Phillips -Bricks. J. S. McMahon-Final Notice. Cohen, Hanckel St Co.-Earthenware. 1 Thc crops in the West and South give promise of a certainly average and perhaps abondant yield. The first appearance of the Wheat in the spriug was quite discouraging, and it was thought to be more than half winter killed, bat the biter reports are more favorable. Fruit, particu? larly apples, pears and grapes, gives good signs; but peaches, in many localities of the West, are disastrous? ly nipped in the bud. In the South the high price of cotton stimulates the planters to put down a great deal of ground in that staple, to the ne? glect of wheat and corn. The esti? mated yield of cotton is above 2,000, 000 bales. In Tennessee and Ken? tucky much leas than the usual amount of tobacco will be raised, and the sugar crop in the South-west, with the rice crop in the South-east, will be well nigh failures. SPECIMEN CURRENCY NOTES.-As erroneous statements in reference to this subject have appeared, we will state that in order to satisfy the nu? merous applications to the United States Treasury for specimens of the different fractional currency notes issued by the Government, for cabi? nets and albums, a proposition is under consideration, which it is ex? pected will be favorably decided, to print the face of each note on one sheet and the back on another, and on the reverse of each half-note to print the word "specimen," in bronze, which cannot be erased. These notes it is proposed to s' half the price of the face, an deem them, if presented, at the ? value. It is bebeved that a cons rabie sum will accrue from their I Washington Star, SOM NEOKO EQUALITY IN MINNESOTA. A man by the name of Murray, living in St. Paul, Minnesota, left his fami? ly, a few weeks ago,"and went with an odoriferous negro woman to New York. Getting out ^of money, he returned to St. Paul to sell his house? hold to raise the means to continue his infamy. The St. Paul Press, of the 22d, tells the sequel thus: "About ll o'clock last night, a large crowd assembled around Murray's house. ?Thc family were aroused, and the victim brought quietly into the street. His clothes were then violent? ly stripped from his person, the tar administered with lavish liberality, and the feathers applied without regard to expense." The Kingston (CW.) Whig says: "Tn ppite of the threatened invasion of Canada by the Sweeney-Roberts wing of the Fenians, the province is in a state ot perfect quietude. Noth? ing disturbs or agitates the public mind. The spring business is open ing rather dull; and as for politics, they are as dead ns a door nail. Aft* r the*fearful brags and boastings of Roberts, one would think that some? thing would come of them, and vet no one believes it, or imagines that aught more will happen in Canada than has happened on the borders of New Brunswick."