Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBIA, j Friday Morning, March 9,1868. j 1 The great question nov before the j ' Southern people is that of labor. 1 There can be no doubt but that the introduction of white labor, not only agricultural, but in the department " of mechanics and the useful crafts generally, is most imperatively de? manded, not only to retrieve our broken fortunes, but to develop our vast resources in every department. We cannot perceive any hope for the full development of all that the South can do, from thc negro. The sudden transition from their former state to that of freedom has com? pletely upset their former ideas of work; and whilst tho Freedman's Bu? reau, in tho person of its officers, has been doing all in its power to disa? buse this class of the notion that free? dom is not license to Uve idle, and be supported in some "way; yet, in the vicinity of towns and cities, the bane? ful effects of the sudden emancipa? tion is clearly visible. On plantations and farms remote from the influences natural to large communities, they may do tolerably well; but even there, from what we can learn, they accom? plish only about half the labor they were accustomed to perform, and are very difficult of management at that. The remedy for all this is only to be found in the introduction of white labor. Our large plantations must be carved up into respectable farms ; our water power nmst be made available in the erection of manufactories and machine shops; our young men must learn to work; our first families must realize that to labor is honorable; and thus, by each putting his shoulder to the wheel, the Southern States can assume their rightful position in the material contribution to the wealth and prosperity of the whole country. With a climate and soil unparalleled for the production of the great staples, with which the world cannot dispense with, it is the first duty of the people of the South, in the condition into which they have been thrown by the results of the war, to use every effort and strain every nerve to make every dollar that her resources-agricultu? ral, manufacturing, mining and me? chanical-can yield to the willing and working hand and heart. One year has passed since the eman? cipation of the slaves. The experi? ment of freed labor in that class does not justify any reasonable hope that the great resources of the South can? not be fully developed by that instru? mentality. The only hope, therefore, for our future progress and prosperity is to be found in the introduction o: reliable white labor, and the deter initiation of our own people to go U work. ? Mus. DAVIS.-From the Macoi ( Ga. ) Telegraph we learn that this es timable lady has been for several day, sojourning in that city, the guest o Mrs. Howell Cobb; but, yesterday she left, having, for the first timi since tho close of the war, receive* permission to leave the State of Geor gia, where she has been living all th while, notwithstanding the me ny re ports that she and lier family were i; Canada. - But it is her intention t reside in Canada hereafter. She was treated with great distinc tion by the citizens, and won a hearts by her lovely and courteou deportment and dignified bearing ur der misfortune. And wherever sh may go, the good wishes of those wh made her acquaintance in Macon wi go with her. The New York Herald, of the li instant, states that accounts fror Bombay show a rapid increase of th growth of cotton in Western Indii The shipment for live months alon during last year over the Great Ir dian Peninsular Itailway, amounte to 209,724 bales-three times th amount for the sane period in th preceding year, lt gives interestin facts relative to the quality of India cotton, and shows its great inf eriorit to that grown in this country. Th French fresh-water canal at Suez no emptier, into the (Juif of Suez; bt the maritime canal, which is the gm commercial work, shows no signs ( completion." -? ? ? ?--L IMMIOKATION TO FLORIDA.-TL Gainesville (Florida) Era, mak< mention of tho fast filling up of thi State with emigrants from all parts < the world. It bids them welconi> and assures them of tho kind rece] tion they will receive from the peopl M Fallen from t Uv ir High Entufe." Tbc Journal of Commerce says of the radicals, that their prestige is taken from them. Stevens and Sum tier, and SUCIJL pupers ?B the Tribunes ot Chicago and New York, and espe? cially the Ch?-onide of the dead For? ney, now utter no voice but that of a faction-not even the voice of a par- i ty-aud their utterances tiro pro? nounced treasonable in character by the authority which they have repre? sented to be the Government itself. Henceforth they cannot lead the peo? ple astray with the idea that they speak by virtue of any power other than their own variable and passion? ate wills. Indeed, the conclusion of our con? temporary is manfully upheld by a variety of circumstances. The Com? mittee on Reconstruction reported through Mr. Bingham the following amendment to the Constitution: "That Congress shall have power to make all laws which shall be neces? sary and proper to secure to the citi? zens of each State all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States, and to all persons in the several States equal protection in the rights of life, liberty and pro? perty. " The latest advices inform us that this amendment has also been defeat? ed. Its postponement to the second Tuesday in April is thought to have finished it, and also to have brought to an end the Constitutional amend? ments of the Reconstruction Commit? tee. The large majority that acted against it in tho House of Represen? tatives is to be regarded as an admis? sion on the part of the radicals that a direct fight with the President is not j in order. Add to this the encourag- j ing fact that the Cabinet is nearly, if | not quite, unanimous in support of the President's policy. The New York World mentions, as striking indications that the Presi? dent will be sustained, the speech of Mr. Conway, in Richmond. This gentleman was formerly Representa? tive in riongress from Kansas, and then th*, very Ajax of extreme radi? calism. Mr. Conway has Been in Vir? ginia, has seen and heard for himself, and is able to speak with authority to his Congressional friends. Consider? able importance is also attached to the great gathering of the first citi? zens of Connecticut, to uphold the President's hands, at which Senator Doolittle, of Wisconsin, made a strong speech; and, what is more noteworthy, was followed in the same vein by Rev. Leonard Bacon, D. D., the widely-known and beloved head of his church, in New England, and formerly editor of the Independent, in New York. The work goes bravely on. FORNEY'S PAPER.-The Journal of Commerce reports the paper of Foruey as now presenting a pitiable and yet amusing spectacle. The very sudden change in position has .1eprived the manager of reason, and *ie utters a cry in which are singularly mingled both fear and anger. The ridiculous portion is the wail over the loss of Government advertising, and the in? timation that tho editor is persecuted, and that he is to be crushed by some unseen power. This paper has been for years the advocate of every news? paper suppression in the land, and has disgraced journalism by its ser? vility. From such a paper, the least that could be expected would be a bold and manly willingness to meet any fate; but; a column of whining complaint about tlie withdrawal of Government patronage, varied only by an occasional snarl of anger, is not what was to be looked for. The President must have expressed exactly the facts in this case. HIGHWAY ROBBERS. -The following extract (says the Charleston Courier) from a private letter received in this city, dated Aiken, March 3, lias been handed us for publication. The state of affairs which it represents as exist? ing in the vicinity of Aiken demands immediate attention from the author? ities, who, we trust, will not be back? ward in applying the proper correc? tive, in as summary a manner as the outrages merit. The letter reads as follows : . "Be very careful, when you come up, to be armed. The country is in? fested with mounted robbers. The express wagon was robbed near Wil? listori, last night, and three horses and all the money was taken. Just's driver was robbed of his horse, and murdered, eight miles from here. We were stopped coming, but on drawing our pistols the robbers left. A man called Morris, without any cause, knocked a Mr. Cushman in the head to-day. All is excitement about here." The Empress of Austria has recent? ly introduced a new fashion. It is to have a diamond, representing a dew? drop, fixed to a real flower. A short time since. Her Majesty had in her hand a bouquet of white camellias, and on each, in the centre, was a large diamond. The Republican Quandary. Sam. Bowles writes from Washing? ton to the Springfield Republican touching the efforts of the Republi? cans to patch up a truce with the President. He says "some of the very best Republicans in Congress are hopeful that matters may be ar? ranged between the high contracting parties. " The Republican dilemma is thus stated: That part of Congress which is not passionate but reflective confronts the fact that it has utterly failed in dealing with the questions of recon? struction. It has floundered in tech? nical and theoretical debate for three months, but agreed upon no action, formed no policy, established no terms of reconstruction. It can go on so no longer. It must either admit loyal representatives from the South? ern States, or establish the terms upon which it will admit them. The attempt to secure negro suffrage is an admitted failure. Between those who are opposed to it per se, those who, approving it in principle, are opposed to it in policy, and those who shrink from forcing any system of suffrage upon the States, as an unjust, uncon? stitutional interference with the rights of the States, the Republicans in neither House can muster a majority for this great principle of national, impartial suffrage. The best thing possible relating to that subject is the Blaine amendment, which deprives the South of political power for the negroes, to.whom, it denies suffrage. But Mr. Sumner, who proposed sub? stantially the same thing last winter, now opposes this with all his might, and boasts that its defeat in the Se? nate is sure. That admitted, what can Congress do? Must it not prac? tically accent the President's policy, and admit the loyal representatives? A majority of them are really earnest Republicans ; early ^Emancipationists, original aud thorough "Union men; some of them even negro- suffrage men. They would really strengthen ; the bauds of Congress ;igainst the \ disloyal elements of th? South; a j portion, Senator Wilsoa insists, I would even side with the radical Re ? publicans vi tho North against the j President. And so it may be that j the thing which Congress lias refused i to do, in order to agree with the Pre \ sident, it will still do in order to help i itself successfully to fight him. Cer I tainly Congress feels the sliarp pricks of time and of danger. It is like the boy out on a rough sea in an open boat: "Can you pray, Jim?" ""No." "Can .you sing a hymn?" "No." "Can't you, then, repeat n verse of the Bible?" "Not a bit of it." "Well," with a sigh, "something has j got to be done d-d quick." - - ??. FOREIGN PRODUCTION OF COTTON. Before the American war this coun? try supplied 3,400,000 bales out of the 4,225,000 delivered for consump? tion in all Europe, or more than three-quarters. The cutting off of this supply by the war, and the very high prices that prevailed for five years, stimulated foreign production to the utmost. We look to the results for evidence of the ability of foreign countries to compete with our pro? duction. Four countries were looked to for the new supply-the East Indies, Brazil, West Indies and the Mediterranean country. Tn the East Indies special efforts were made to extend the culture, which increased from a delivery in Europe of 573,000 bales of 400 pounds in 1SG0-which was the production under the old order of things-to 1,258,000 in 1863; 1,607,000 in 1864, and declined to 1,320,000 in 1865. There are other signs that the in? crease in that country has culminated, even in the face of the high prices of i last year. In the Presidency of Ma 1 dras, there were, ou the 31st of Octo ? ber, only 931,727 acres of cotton I under cultivation, against 1,063,300 ? acres the. year before. From Egypt i and Syria, the imports were 150,000 j in 1860, and 33T.OO0 in 1865, with : strong symptoms of a decline in pro? duction. Brazil has disappointed the great expectations based on her. Her de? livery in Europe was 106,000 bales in 1860, and 149,000 in 1S65. Expecta? tions of any supply from China and Japan have been abandoned. Even at the high prices of several years past, the foreign production of cotton appen rr to have culminated. It is evident that America will still control the mark< ts of the world, even at much higher prices than pre? vailed before the war, and that a moderate tax on exported cotton would collect so much from the world at large to help our finances. Our idea of a moderate tax would be five cents a pound. This, on an export of 3,500,000 bales-which we exceed? ed in 1860-would give 70,000,000 of revenue to apply to our war debt. THE VALUATION OP EXPORT'S AND IMPORTS, IN CANADA.-An examina? tion of the books of the Custom House, in Toronto, Canada, shows that, during the year 1865, the valua? tion of the exports from that port to Canadian aud other foroign ports amounted to ?3,780,501, and the valuation of the imports to Chicago from the Canadian and other foreign ; ports, amounted to $1,114,884. And i our exports to and imports from American ports, by lake, last year, were twenty timos as much as our foreign trade. A paper may be sprightly without ? being savage, humorous without I being vulgar, and sharp without j being scandalous. IMPORTANT TO MACHINISTS AND ALL MASTER MECHANICS.-One of the most remarkable inventions of the day has just been patented by one of our-own citizens, Mr. David Eldridge. It consists in the use of an anti? friction wheel, or wheels, between tho pullies of belt-gearing. The saving of power by .this simple con? trivance is most wonderful, and would hardly be credited except upon ocular demonstration. Yet a mo? ment's reflection will show any one conversant with mechanics that the principle is not only correct, but sus? ceptible of almost indefinite applica? tion. The anti-friction wheel serves u> transfer the friction of the shaft from its own journals to the rolling surface of the wheel ; no matter how heavy the draught of the belt may be upon the shaft, the whole resistance is brought upon the anti-friction wheel. Mr. Eldridge has made a practical application of his invention to the gearing of a portable circular saw, worked by a treadle, and its results more than equal the most sanguine theoretical anticipations foi*med of it. Two public trials of this invention, as applied to the saw, have recently been made in this city before large collec? tions of practical mechanics, and in each instance its operation elicited the most enthusiastic commendation. The judges at these trials decided that it saved, in labor and material, at the rate of from $300 to $500 per week over the hand-saw. Of course, any one can see that the application of this invention to the circular saw is only one out of almost innumerable instances in which it may be applied. In mills, foundries, machine shops, factories; in short, in almost all cases where belt-gearing is used, this invention must prove of the very highest utility. We com? mend this matter to the attention of all persons interested in machinery, for whatever tends to economise power is to be reckoned among the highest and most beneficial of practi? cal achievements. j P?t.iladelphici Press. ROMANCE IN A SENATOR'S LIFE. Frazer's Magazine tells the following story, but does not mention the name ! of its hero, who is Senator Liane, of Kansas: " A distinguished politician of In? diana, becomiug interested in the movement for making Kansas a free State, left his wife and repaired to that territory, intending to return ! soon. Becoming, however, identi I fied with the struggles of Kansas, the j Senator stayed away very long. Hi* i wife at length demanded his return. He wrote back that it was impossible J to return. His wife waited a little, j and then wrote, declaring that, un j less he returned by a stated time, she should sue for a divorce. The Sena? tor made no reply, but gave a glow ing account of thc patriotic move ment in which he bore an important part. "The next letter he received wai from the clerk of a court in Indiana, informing him that his wife had file?' a bill, with another from a lawyei offering to defend him. The Senatoi wrote back to the lawyer as follows 'Dear Sir: Yours to hand. My \vif( says she will not stand my long ab I sence. If I were she, I would no i stand it either. I shall ofter no op position to her suit. Yours, &c. -.' Two years later, when th? I divorce had long heen granted, th? Senator returned to Washington a ! Senator from the free State of Kansas ! visited his old home in Indiana, an? : found his wife still blooming an? handsome, and surrounded by nd mirers. With the rest he visited he from time to time, became present?; tho accepted lover, and was remar ried to her." . - DETECTION OF CHIME BY PHOTO GRAPHY.-In the Memphis Bullet in vr find the following: Some time ago a man was murderei in South Memphis under circura stances which le?l to unjust suspicion directed against many persons doubt less innocent. In fact, the conclusion generally reached was that theunfoi t?nate descedant put a period to hi own existence. Two photographist of this city-Day, whose gallery is a the intersection of Union and Maine i and Armstrong, of the Clay buildin i -undertook the task ot* apply in ' the art to the purpose of detect-in the murderer. On the day of th j murder, with the aid of tho micre j scope, images left on the retina of th ? eye of the dead were transferred t I paper, and curious facts were develo} I ed. A pistol, the hand, arm andpai j of the face of the man who commit j ed the crime are perfectly delineate?: I We have been told that a shrewd dc tective, with the aid thus furnishe? has gathered oth?r facts that wi surely lead to the identification an punish ment of the murderer. .- m - A MOST CONTEMPTIBLE THIEF.-A entertainment was recently given i Petersburg, Va., for the benefit ? i Mrs. Gen. Stonewall Jackson. Tl ' hall was crowded and, of necessity ! the receipts were largo. All these tl lessee of tho hall, a man named S. A1 Glenn, appropriated to himself an fled to parts unknown. How tl i holiest feelings of the, human hea have been taken advantage of by tl creature .vhothus "readily and ene?* fully consented" to afford them tl opportunity of expression, let tl world know. -.f* - lt is pheasant enough to ?rad wheat -pleasanter to cradle bnbies. SUMMABT.-The propositions of the Revenue Commi&sion may be briefly summed up as follows: 1. Au exemption of all incomes below $1,000 from the income tax. 2. A reduction of the tax on dis? tilled liquors from $2 to $1 per gallon. 3. A remission of all taxes now levied on wearing Apparel. 4. A remission of all taxes now levied on pig iron, (?2.40 per ton,) coal, (six cents per ton,) and crude petroleum (SI per gallon.) 5. A repeal of all taxes now levied on books, magazines und pamphlets; leaving the present taxes on paper, leather, etc., untouched. 6. A reduction by one-half of the duties now levied on hon ? manufac? tures generally. 7. A repeal of all taxes now levied on repairs of engines, cars, carriages, ships, etc. 8. A repeal of ail laxes embodied in schedule A, of Internal Revenue Act of last season, except those on billiard tables. 9. A reduction of the tax now levied on broker's sales of stocks $5 per $1,000 to $1 per 81,000. 10. An increase of thc tax on raw j cotton from 2 to 5 cents per pound. A Mobile paper states that the questions of the coining crop is a very important one, and must be a source of anxious thought to many planters and business mon. Dining the past week a great many planters have gone to New Orleans for the purpose of procuring loans, of buy? ing agricultural implements, and to make arrangements for their plant? ing; but, as far as we have heard, they have failed to obtain any great advances, or even enough to work their lands successfully. If there are auy merchants or capitalists who aro able to advance money, now is the time for them to show themselves. If the planters could get the ready cash now to carry out their plans, there might be some hope of obtain? ing the 2,500,000 bales that sonic writers figured out: but if they fail, ! there can bo no calculating the result. Our own merchants and moneyed I people ure doing al! they can for the j struggling planters, and should, in turn, be the recipients of whatever favors they can bestow. . ... ?c. - - - - ? SPRING STYLES-SOMETHING NOVEL j IN DBESS.-We may state, for the benefit of such of our readers as like I to be beforehand in their information on fashions, that, in Europe, stripes prevail on all thc thin materials which have as yet been prepared. Not that fhe spring dresses will be made up from one piece of goods, the design on which represents stripes of equal width ; but with three or four differ ent pieces, the ground-work of which is similar, but the stripes are of dif? ferent widths. The skirts will be composed of these different pieces, but the-bodices will be made of self color, matching tho ground-work of the skirt, and they will be trimmed with the stripes. Buff or nankeen j color, as last spring, will be fashion able for morning wear, and the stripes will not be solid lines, (either broad j or narrow,) but clusters of fine lines, j which are softer in effet i than when I the lines are solid. CANADIAN NEWS.-At a public din- j uer to members of the Government in Cornwall on the 2d, speeches were delivered and the assertion made that a Confederation of the Provinces was now certain, and would trike place in j a few weeks. ? With reference to the militia, it i was said that the Canadians liad j now 2,000 well drilled officers to lead ! them. In a speech having reference to the reciprocity negotiations, it was denied that the legislature would be made subordinate to the United States. It was claimed that the libe? ral terms offered the Americans had created a public sentiment among them favorable to the revival o? the reciprocity treaty, and that should the treaty not b<* renewed, Canada must cultivate commercial relations with the lower provinces, with South America and Europe. GENTLY.-The New York Times says: "At the rate at which the tempo? rary followers of the radical leader are deserting his standard, the party promises to assume proportions ex? ceedingly small before the week shall have closed. Thc belligerent organ here has retired from active and open warfare, and betaken itself as former? ly to the feeblest kind of inuendo. There is altogether a conspicuous ab? sence of anything like forcible ma 'ignity in the radical ranks. Let us hope tho late assailants of the Presi? dent will not come to their marrow bones all in a heap. It would neither be seasonable or seemly. Let them come gently, so that their conversion shall awaken no doubt of their sin? cerity. GIRAUD'S SECRET.-Stephen Gi? rard, than whom no shrewder busi? ness man ever lived, used to say in his old age: "I have always consid? ered advertising liberally and long'to be the great medium of success in business, and the prelude to wealth. And I have made it an invariable rule, too, to advertise in the dullest times as well us the busiest, long ex? perience having taught me that money thus spent is well laid out as by keeping my business continually before the public it has secured me many saies that I would otherwise have lost." CASK.-Oui- ternis for subscription, ad? vertising and job work are cadi. We kop? all partios will bear this in mind. THE Bomcnto or COLUMBIA. -Au iut?r eating account ol the "Sack and Dcnti uc tion of thc Citv of Columbia-, s. liar, just been issued, in pamphlet form, From the Phoenix steam power pres*. Orders can bo tilled to any extent. THE WEEKLY GLEANER.-The regalar publication of this paper wdlbepootponetl a few weeks. Persons desirous of au!, scribing, will please forward th* money at once. TorniB $4 a year. C. P. Renison, at the corner of Washing? ton and Assembly streets, ha? received, a? will be seen by advertisement, a supply of cream ale, and a full stock of liquors, wines, Ac. He is determined to sell cheap. THE "SOTTTHKEN" AN? THE "NATIONAL."' We arc under renewed obligations to these useful institutions, for favors. If you want auy freights or valuable articles de? livered, give the agents of either of them a call, and you can be accommodated. CHAMPAGNE ON DnAUoirr.- -By invitation of Mr. J. L. Lumsden, we called at his es? tablishment yesterday morning, and im? bibed a glass of this dolicious compound. He ha t a patent pipe, something after the stylo of a soda water fountain, to draw the wine from tho bottle. But this ia not all. Mr. L. has a largo and varied stock of tho finest brands of liquors, cigars, tobacco, etc. He requests thc lovers of good things to read his advertisement, and then give him a call. NEW AnvERTisioiENTs.-Attention is call? ed to the following advertisements, which are published thin morning for tho first time: J. h. Lumsden-Liquors, Cigars, Ac. .lohn Veal-Removal. J. A. McKenzie-Cotton Seed for Sale. Fisher A Heinitsh-Medicines, Ac. .T. C. Seegers-Starch, Salmon, .Ve. Presentment of Grand Jurv. T. ll. Wade-Tax Notice. Telegraph Office-Pocket-book Lout. <'. P. Renison - Cream Ale, &ci ITS PHILOSOPHY.-Sozodont is an anti acid; Sozodont is an anti-putresceut; Sozodont is a tonic; Sozodont is all vegetable and entirely harmless. Hence it cleanses the teeth" from acetious con? cretions, stops thc decomposition of their substance, sweetens the breath, stimulates the gums, and is the safest and best pre? paration of its class in existence. f The Baltimore Sun mentions that some of the newspapers are discuss? ing the number of native, and foreign born citizens who served in the army during the late war. The Rev. Dr. Bellows, in alluding to the number of foreigners who were in the Federal army in the war, lately remarked, that ninety per cent, of the army were "purely American." The sta? tistics compiled for the United States Sanitary Commission, by Mr. E. B. Elliott, hardly warrant these state? ments, as in 1861, out of 200 regi? ments, taken at random from each division of the army in the field, and then examined, 76 Vj per cent, were composed of a little more than half of native-born, and 6 Ki pet cent, show? ed a majority of Germans, and 5}<? per cent, a majority of Irish, and 5}.-? of the native and foreign were about Cv ?uni, and the report says that it was at the time of tho inspection a fair representation of the whole army. The subject is one of interest, and the public would be glad to get at the exact facts. * Mr. Solon Robinson, in a commu? nication in the Plough, I^oom and Anvil, recommends the following to prevent pitting by the small pox: "Get from the apothecary a little vial full of stuft' called liquid cuticle, and as soon as the pustules are fully formed, apply a little of the liquid .with a little brush or feather to each one. As fast as they get ripe, re? move the scab and wipe away the matter clean, and apply the liquid again. If any one of them fill a second time, you must remove the covering and repeat the process. It will smart like fun for a moment, but my word for it, when you recover you will not find a mark on that pretty face of yours to prove yon ever had the disease. I am told the article is made of gun-cotton, dis? solved in chloroform. It forms an artificial skin over the wound just as good as the reid one. " . SALK OF STOCKSAND OTHER SECUBI TIES.-Messrs. John S. Riggs & Co. sold, yesterday, at their Stock Ex? change, the following property at the prices annexed: $500 in State of South Carolina old bonds. 57 Ju; $2,000 in Greenville and Columbia Railroad, first mortgage bonds, 52; $1,00[) in City of Columbia bonds, 50; $400 in City of Charleston 6 per cent, stock. G3J?; 15 half shares South Caro? lina Railroad Company stock, 22; 50 shares South Carolina Railroad and Bank, 48; 40 shares Elmore Insur? ance stock, Sil. 75; coupons North? eastern Railroad, 521..; coupons Dar? lington and Cheraw Railroad, 45; coupons Greenville and Columbia Railroad, 431? ; coupons Memphis and Charleston Railroad, 75; coupons Charlotte and South Carolina Rail? road, 51.-Charleston News, 8(h. A negro preacher, holding forth to his congregation upon the subject A obeying the commands of God, said: "Bredren, whateber God tells meto do in dis book (holding up the Bible) dat I'm gwhie to do. If I see in it dat I must jump troo a stun wah, Pm gwine to juin}? at it. Goin' troo it 'longs to God, jumpin' ai it 'longs to me."