Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBIA. Thursday Morning, March 8, 1866. Immigration -rs. Emigration. On Sunday last, we published a letter from Governor Orr, in relation to the importation of white labor for our Southern plantations. We regard this subject as one more interesting to our whole population than any other that could be brought before them at the present time. The letter of Governor Orr explains fully the rights and privileges of im? migrants, and assures them that the laws of the State gives the same pro? tection as that enjoyed by the native. "We regard this letter from Gover? nor Orr as one of the most important documents published since the close of the war. It will disabuse the false impressions made upon the Northern mind, that foreign labor-agricultu? rists, citizens and mechanics, will not be received cordially by our people. They will be so received, and we hope and trust that our Northern exchanges will publish the letter of Governor Orr. While we ha^e no objection to the schemes of emigration now being or- J ganized, and that parties desiring to emigrate should do so; yet, we pro? nounce against any effort to entice labor from the South. She needs all who aro now at home, and as many more as can be induced to come with? in her territory, to develop her vast resources. Artizans and mechanics from all parts of the world will find a rich field in the South to cultivate. MB. MCCULLOCH TO BE PUNISHED. It seems thai Secretary McCulloeh is so sensible a man, and so much op? posed to freedmen's bureaus and to all the mad schemes of the radicals, that, at the risk of destroying the credit of the Government and involv? ing the commercial interests of the country in ruin, Thad. Stevens and his followers intend to defeat his wise financial measures. The Washington correspondent of the Baltimore Su7i says that "the combination of inte? rests against the McCulloeh policy of a contraction of the currency and a gradual resumption of specie pay? ments is becoming identical with opposition to the President's plan of reconstruction. Mr. Stevens is likely to control the financial as well as the political course of Congress. The supporters of the McCulloeh financial scheme apparently shrink from com? petition with the Stevens bill. But the political and financial future of the country Avould be represented, and both are to b? determined by this Congress, which, so far, knows no leader but Mr. Stevens." STAY LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL. The highest . court in the State of Mississippi has declared the stay law passed by the Legislature of that State to be unconstitutional. The same result is inevitable whenever the question shall be brought to a final test in the States which liave, by similar enactments, sought to impair the obligations of contracts and en? able their citizens to repudiate their just debts, Certainly the United States Supreme Court will decide against all these laws as far as non? resident creditors are concerned. What folly is it, then, for the legisla? tive bodies of Southern States to fritter away their time in the discus? sion of "bills to prevent the collec? tion of debts," when, after they agree upon a particular form, the law will not be worth the paper it is written upon ! -? ^ ? i The New York Times makes the following proposition to the radicals, which we take to be President John? son's ultimatum : "The exclusion of loyal men from Congress, in violation alike of their rights and the Constitution, is the main, if not the sole, cause of the present difference of sentiment be? tween them. If the Union majority in Congress had been in its action true to tbe principles of the Union party, and had not allowed itself to be swerved from those principles by the adroit and reckless machinations of men who have with them no sym? pathy whetever, this conflict would never have arisen. Whenever that same majority can throw off the in? fluences by which it has been thus misled, and come back to its true and original position, that conflict will end, and all the dangers which now seem to be impending over the Union party and the country will be forever 'in tho deep bosom of the ocean buried.' " A delegation waited on the Pref?i dent on Saturday, and requested him to give one member of his Cabinet te the Pacific States. Restoration. Pr?sidant Johnson understands as .well -what he is talking about as any man could. His speeches are clear exponents of very deliberately formed opinions. He knows what beneficial effects will follow the restoration of State authority, freed from the ob? structions and irritating influences of Freedmen's Bureaus, etc.-indeed, the pacification of the country in this, the only possible way. More than once he has, with brevity and point, brought to the the attention of the nation the influence of such a restoration upon the currency, the commerce, the manufacturers, and the agriculture and industry of the country. In a brief reply to a com? mittee which waited upon him the other day, he said: "The full and complete reconcili? ation of the country ought to be a precursor to all movements-should be the first object. Such a reconcili? ation would produce the development of the manufacturing, the commer? cial, the agricultural, and the other industrial interests of the country. He spoke of the state of the cur? rency, and the different views enter? tained of contraction and expansion, and said: When we look at these things, the first object is the restora? tion of the Government. You there? by enlarge the area for the currency to circulate in, which would have the effect of preventing contraction, while it would give all the practical benefits to be derived from contraction. It would give it a sounder basis to rest upon. By bringing the products of the South-some $300,000,000 -worth of tobacco, cotton, &c.-into our commerce, it would avert any possi? bility of a financial crash. It would make the currency perfectly sound, and it would develop all the industrial resources and promote the industrial interests of tho country. The restora? tion of the Government is the greatest stimulant that can be applied, not only to the manufacturing, but the agricul? tural, commercial and other industrial interests of the nation. He spoke of the internal revenue, and said that a restoration of the Government in all its branches would have the effect to remore all the burdensome internal I tax of the country. Anything he could do to promote all the intereste of the country, he assured them he would do." The committee whose address elicit? ed these remarks were the represen? tatives of a ?et of manufacturers. As soon as Mr. Johnson concluded, the prominent man of the delegation, one Mr. Ward, said that they were of opinion that the vast irnpor+otinna from abroad could only be checked by a high tariff. [Shoddy wants a leetle more protection !] The President considered the re? storation of the Government would increase the demand for articles, and do away with the necessity for dimi? nishing the circulation. But he stuck to it that we must have a united Government, and said nothing about tariff to encourage poor Shoddy. The dialogue closed thus: "Mr. E. B. Ward-(Black Republi? can.)-Mr. President,-we are all laboring under the belief that we have a Government. "Mr. Johnson.-Then let us have a whole Government. Then we have got a wider area for everything to be carried on in." With this flea in his ear, Shoddy withdrew. THE SOVEREIGNS OP EUROPE. There are at the present moment forty-three reigning sovereigns in Europe. Of that number, ten be? long to the Roman Catholic religion, but one is excommunicated; thirty are Protestants, one is of the Greek Orthodox Church, and one a Ma homedan; the forty-third is the Pope. The Catholics are: Two Emperors of Austria and France; five Kings of Bavaria, Belgium, Spain, (a Queen,) Portugal and Saxony; two Princes-of Lichtenstein and Mona? co; the excommunicated sovereign is King Victor Emmanuel. The thirty Protestants are : Eight Kings or Queens-of England, Prussia, Swe? den, Denmark, Holland, Hanover, Greece and Wurtemberg; six Grand Dukes-of Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, Mecklinberg-Schwerin, Mecklinburg Strelitz, Oldenburg and Saxe Wei? mer; seven Dukes-of Anhalt, Bruns? wick, Nassau, Saxe-Meininpren. Saxe Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg and Schles? wig-Holstein ; nine Princes-of Lippe Detmold, Lippe-Schaumburg, Reuss Greiz, Ruess-Schleiz, Schwarzburg Sonderhausen and Waldeck ; the Elector of Hesse-Cassel and the Land? grave of Hesse-Homburg. The Greek Orthodox sovereign is the Emperor of Russia, and the Musselmau the Sultan of Turkey. There are also seven republics in Europe, two exclu? sively Catholic-San Marino and An? dorra; and five in which the majority of the inhabitants are Protestants Switzerland, Hamburg, Bremen, Frankfort and Lubeck. Maximilian is reported by a corres? pondent to have said that he cannot pay the Mexican-French debts, and that the withdrawal of the French j troops will be the signal for his de- ? paitare from Mexico. France and Mexico. We find in the New York News, an interesting letter from John Mitchell, dated Paris, February 13. We make the following extract in relation to Mexican affairs in the French capital: Already both the French Chambers have resounded with loud debates upon Mexico. All parties, from the Emperor down to the Marquis de Boissy, are eager to have the French troops home, and to stop the enor? mous expense of the expedition. The only question is, when and how, and on what terms the French force can be honorably withdrawn. Doubtless you will have in New York, by the ordinary channels, the remarkable speech delivered yesterday by Mar? shal Forey, who was first commander in-chief of the Mexican expedition; but lest you should not, I may give an abstract of it here. It is to be premised that the orator speaks sim? ply as a Senator and Marshal of France, and by no means as an organ of the Government. "Let no one believe," says the Marshal, "that the Government which we overthrew in Mexico, main? tained itself there by the sympathies of tho population ; no, it maintained itself by terror alone; which is the reason that the presence of our flag was alono sufficient to destroy it. Once delivered from the Government of Juarez, the Mexican people, free in the expression of its votes, gave itself to the Emperor Maximilian. I do not pretend to discuss here the letter written by Mr. Seward to M. de Montholon, the 6th of December, 1865; but I may be permitted to affirm, that it was by no means through force, under the pressure of the presence of our army, that popu? lar suffrage was pronounced. No; it was the people themselves who, fa? tigued by a bloody anarchy, pro? claimed that the Empire was more in harmony with their wishes and re? quirements." The Marshal next combats the idea that there is any preference for a Re? pu blican form of government in Mexico; and then proceeds to the pressing question: "I come to the question of the return of our troops. At what moment should that take place? Many men, no doubt sincere, but who seem to me not sufficiently jealous of our national honor, desire an immediato recall. I also wish foi the return of our troops, if not im? mediately, at least as soon as possi? ble; but we must examine when thal step will be really possible. "The orator then enlarged upon the habi? tual and inveterate anarchy in which Mexicans have always delighted tc live, and insists that the great evil ol Mexican Ufe is terror; not terror ol the French troops, but of thc bandits, which would immediately resume th? ascendant, if those, troops were nov vrlttl drawn. "It must be stated," he says, "feaj is the great misery of Mexico. It ii tliat which has rendered the popula tions incapable of defending them selves and of resisting their oppress ors. I have seen in Mexico villages towns, cities, whose inhabitants being provided with arms andammu nition, were able to resist, and ye suffer themselves to bo pillaged anc burnt by bands of guerrilleos, al though they had at stake their for tunes, their lives, and those of thei wives and children. It is thus tha populations a hundred or a thousanc times more numerous than their as sailants, have allowed themselves t< be disarmed, pillaged, slaughterec without resistance. * * We mus leave to those populations the timt to recover their moral by contact wit! our soldiers, and to acquire, througl that intercourse, the spirit of order the honesty, the courage which ani mate French troops, and to which al are forced to renner homage." As to the idea insisted on by sonn Frenchmen, that after all the Mexi can "Liberals" aro contending fo the independence of their country he declares, on the contrary, that tb real enemies of that independenc were the followers of Juarez, an< that the French force is a liberathij army. "In my opinion, there would b the greatest peril in now recalling on forces. The Emperor has declarei that we Avent to Mexico to protec French interests, and to defend on fellow-countrymen. Well, if we UOA brought that army away, all th French J ?idents would be obliged t< come Wjth it, or else they Avould b the victims of violence far more atrc cious than any we have yet seen Besides, if we have the interests c our own countrymen to defend, ther are others also that we are bound t protect. Is it not our duty to protec those populations which received u with open arms-who have compre mised themselves for us-who hav cried Vive Maximilian? Is not ou honor engaged in this matter?" In short, the Marshal announce his conclusion thus : ' 'And now, wha must we do to complete the work c moralization and progress which w undertook in Mexico? The Senat will, perhaps, dissent, but I mus utter my opinion, which is, howevei but my own private opinion-w must, perhaps, send new troops t Mexico. [Sensation.] We must, r the least, keep there those that ai there now. We must also, perhaps make still further sacrifices of nu ney." [New sensation.] Then comes the peroration; wit which I need not trouble. Immed ately after the Marshal sat down, tl) Minister of State thought it advisabl to say that the opinion of the Govert ment was no way modified by the language of the honorable Senator, who had himself avowed that he spoke only his own personal opinion. On the whole, the debates in the two Chambers on the address, show the strongest desire to find an honor? able retreat from that position; and I have no doubt it will be found, pro? vided the Government of the United States act in good faith in preventing ; all collisions along the frontier. Believe me, France can be goaded into a wai- with America; and the ex? treme repugnance with which such an event is regarded here, proceeds from a consciousness that such a war would be a most horrible and despe? rate one-England looking on with gloating satisfaction all the while. A euri as statement is made in the Paris correspondeuce of the Era Nou? velle-Mexican Imperialist journal. It is in these words : "All the articles which you see in the Steele, the Avent National, and the Opinion National, relativ?? to Ameri? can affairs, and particularly those of Mexico, are inspired by Mr. Bigelow, (inspired, you know, is a delicate way of saying paid.) I am assured that members of the opposition in the Corps L?gislatif have invited the Ame? rican Minister to urge Mr. Seward to take some hostile proceedings against the Mexican Empire, promising him their co-operation to create in France alarm and sensation. These plots are happily known to the Minister for Foreign Affairs." Now, there may be exaggeration in this; but assuredly the conduct of the opposition in the Chamber;; is in it? self an invitation to Mr. Seward to present an ultimatum to Maximilian ; and is, moreover, creating in France those very alarms and sensations which are calculated to co-operate with him. If the Liberal papers were "inspired" at so many francs per co? lumn by tho American Minister, they could not do better for him than they are doing. The South. It is with heart-felt pleasure that we notice the favorable revival of trade and agriculture in tho Southern States. From all sections we cou tinue to receive reports tb at augur well for a most bountiful crop during the coming season. The question of free labor is gradually developing itself, without tho aid of the Legis? lature, and even the journals that were most despondent of the result are now constrained to state that there is hope in the old land still. The planters in every State are put? ting their shoulders to the wheel with an energy that must needs tell on the recuperation that is now advancing with steady strides. Fears are ex? pressed that a greater breadth of land is being planted with cotton than is prudent, so the Western farm firs will have to exert themselves to furnish the corn that in some sec? tions will fall short of the d3inand. The negroes are working steadily and seem contented with their lot, and white immigrants are commenc? ing to flow towards the South, where an ample remuneration attends every class of labor. Of course all is not yet couleur de rose; much depends on a favorable season ; many of the plan? ters are inexperienced, and have sown a greater breadth of land, than they can husband with their limited hands; the negroes may#prove in some places untrustworthy, and towards the har? vest may make demands that will fall heavily on the cultivators; but still the turning point will soon be passet!, and there will be thousands of specu? lators scouring the land for cotton, who will be willing to make good ad? vances on the crops; by this means money will soon be plentiful, and the South will then be able to purchase all the luxuries of which its uarkets are now bereft. In the meantime we urge on the planters the necessity of treating the freedmen with kindness, forbearance and liberality, and we feel convinced that the ne::t season labor will be re-organized on a sound basis and the negro will prove him? self worthy of his new posi rion. As laborers they are of priceless value to our country, btit should they, through harshness, cruelty, or their own sloth, merge into a lazy thieving horde, then will they be a curso instead of a blessing to the land. Our advice to our Southern brethren is "Face" "Tace." Work and be silent. All goes well. [Neto York Southern Exchange. . . - - - .m. -. THE FENIANS-A MESSENC ER FROM IRELAND.-The Assembly Rooms, Washington city, were densely crowd? ed Thursday night, on short notice, to hear something about the Fenian movements. Over a thousand per ! sons were present, and many were unable to obtain admittance. There were several speakers, but ;he chief attraction was Capt. Mccafferty, who, according to report, is the . .onfHen tial messenger from Stephens, Mili? tary Counsel of the Irish Revolution? ary* Brotherhood, and who has lately been discharged from imprisonment I in Ireland. He gave glowing accounts I of the Fenian prospects, an 1 created I much enthusiasm. After the general meeting, all the Fenians were request? ed to convene in secret, to hear from Captain McCafferty some i nportant statements, which he said would not be proper to mention publicy. [Cor. Ballimore Sun. Most of the conservative members ! of the Tennessee Legislature have resigned in consequence of tho out? rageous conduct of the radical ma? jority. William or Orange and Andrew Johnson. We cannot be mistaken in the con? viction that the mental characteristics of Andrew Johnson bear a strong re? semblance to those of William of Orange; nor suppress the hope that he is raised up by the hand of Provi? dence to play a part in American af? fairs, not unlike that which his illus? trious prototype enacted in England, and which won for him his noblest and most imperishable titles to re? nown. The obligations of William of Orango to the Whig party of Eng? land were of no ordinary character. They had been chiefly instrumental in bringing him from a comparatively obscure position on the Continent, and placing him on the throne of a powerful empire. In return for their devotion to his cause, they expected that he would become, like other Kings in similar circumstances, a party leader, and not the head of a nation. They not only demanded that he should show favor to none but the dominant party, but that he should adopt all their old party grudges and help them to be avenged upon their enemies, Such had been the unvarying results of every politi? cal victory, from the commencement of the civil troubles of the seven? teenth century down to the Revolu? tion. A Roundhead triumph; a Cava? lier triumph; the Whig ascendancy, accomplished by the father of the Popish plot; the Tory ascendancy, obtained by the detection of the Rye House plot-were each in their turn followed by a sanguinary proscrip? tion. Of the alternate butcheries, the last and the worst, was that which was inseparately associated with the names of James and Jeffreys. The men who brought William into power were bent oa exacting a terrible re? tribution for all they had undergone during seven disastrous years. "His clemency was peculiar to himself. It was not the clemency of an ostenta? tious man, or of a sentimental^ man, or of an easy tempered man. lt pro? duced no fine stage effects. It drew on him the savage invectives of those whose malevolent passions he refused to satisfy. It won for him no grati? tude for those who owed to him for? tune, liberty and life." But none of these things moved the great and wise ruler whom Providence in its mercy had granted to the British na? tion. That nation soon discovered that in the delicate and fragile form, which was all that stood between the successful party and its victims, was a will of iron, and a soul that, flash? ing through the eagle eyes, mastered the sternest of the proud barons around him at a glance. He had saved the islanders from the despot? ism of James, and he was uow re? solved to save them fro'" the vindic? tiveness of each other. He risked his popularity with men who had been his warmest admirers, to give repose and security to men by whom his name was never mentioned with? out a curse. It is needless to say how he triumphed in that act of grace, the passage of which he at last secured in both Houses, by a unanimous vote, and which has stamped his name with immortal renown, and saved England from being rent to this day by pro? scriptive factions, each, as it prevail? ed, avenging in rivers of blood the wrongs it has suffered. Andrew Johnson has the opportu? nity of achieving for America what William of Orange accomplished for England. Like him, he seems to pos? ses^ a wonderful calmness and in? tensity of determination, and a great? ness of soul which rises above the at? mosphere of party, and embraces in its comprehensive glance the interests and welfare of his country and his race. It will be a glory such as no American, with the solitary exception of George Waehington, has achieved, if by his wisdom, firmness and com? prehensive toleration and patriotism, Andrew Johnson shall save the United States from a fate like that from which William of Orange delivered England, when every great explosion and every great recoil of public feeling was ac? companied by excesses and cruelties which make humanity shudder. [Richmond Dispatch. -- CHOLERA CURED AS EASILY AS TOOTH-ACHE.-Dr. Post, who is rep? resented as a high medical authority in New York, delivered a lecture re? cently at the Medical College in that city. He claims that the cholera is curable as the tooth-ache. His me? thod of treatment, as he explained it, is briefly as follows: The patient is first attacked by diarrhoea, accompanied by extreme lassitude. He shonld go instantly to bed, and remain perfectly quiet for forty-eight hours, biking at least fifteen grains of calomel to drive the infection from the system. After this has acted freely, a mild dose of laud? anum should be given to soothe the patient and prevent further intestinal action. Ice should be applied to the spinal column. Dr. Post claims that this treatment lias been applied in thousands of cases, and never failed to result in the entire and rapid re? covery of the patient. It is of tho very first importance that the patient should not abandon the reclining postare, from the very commence? ment of the disease until the reco? very. All the prominent men in tho city are engaging themselves in the study of the cholera, not clinically, of ?:ourse, as there have been no cases yet in the city. Dresses are cut so low in Paris as to resemble a band about the body. Local Items. CASH.-Our terms for subscription, ad? vertising ?nd jol) work are cash. We kop? all parties will bear this in mind. THE BUSKING or COLUMBIA.-Au inter? esting account ol the "Sack, ?nd Destruc? tion of the City of Columbia, S. C.," hat just been issued, in pamphlet form, from the Phoenix steam power press. Order? can be tilled to any extent. GIN. WADE HAMPTON.- This distinguish? ed gentleman arrived here a day or two ago. Ho is in good health and spirits, and says that his frced-peoplo arc working well on his plantation in Louisiana. COUBT OF COMMON PLEAS. -The Spring Term of the Court commenced here on Monday last, Judge Aldrich presiding. There being very little business, the Judge adjourned the Court until the first Monday in October. CALNAN k KBEUDEB.-TheBe gentlemen have removed to their new store on Rich? ardson street, next to .Tanney's old hotel. They have one of the best assortments of family groceries and provisions that bas ever been offered in this market, and their atore is fitted np in great taste and ele? gance. NEW CUUEENCY.-We had the small nu> diann of pleasure of handling a ten and five dollar bill of the now issue by the State of South Carolina. The bills are beautifully executed, and are tinted with the national color for paper currency green. We hope that the $300,000 of the issue will afford the people of the State sonic relief in their present necessities. We learn that the remains of an elderly colored woman were found, on the edge of a small stream of water, near this city, a day or two ago. An inquest was held by Coroner Walker. The verdict of the jury was that the deceased came to her death from causes unknown to the jury. It is sup? posed that the old woman was frozen to death during the last cold spell, as from the appearance of tho body it is supposed to have lain there several weeks. The body nf E. R. Stokes, jr., who lost his lifo in the terrible battle of Gettysburg, arrived in this city yesterday. Ellwood was tho color-hearer of James' Battalion, at? tached to Longstreet's Corps, and was killed with the colors in his hands. The funeral services will be performed in the Baptist Church. >his morning, ?til o'clock. Several of his comrades-in-arms will act e.s pall-bearers. A large number of our citi? zens will attend, to pay the last tribute of respect to the young soldier. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.-Attention is call? ed to the following advertisements, wh ick j are published this morning for the first time: Moore & Nichols-Fire-Arms, Ac. J. G. Gladden-Ambrotypes, ?fcc. Campbell R. Bryce-Lumber. ! E. Pollard-Hair Crimpers, j " ? -Fishing Tackle. ? J. Gadsden Edwards-White Labor. Calnan k Kreuder-New Store. Gibbes & Glaze-Lumber Yard. Fisher & Heinitsh-Drugs, ?tc. CONNECTICUT SUSTAINING THE PRE? SIDENT.-The Connecticut campaign was formally opened on Wednesday night in Now Haven, where an im? portant meeting was held to sustain I President Johnson against the as ? saults of the radicals. Senator Doo ! little, of Wisconsin, was among the speakers. He said, among other ! things equally pertinent: "Mr. Lincoln did not say that the i black man should be permitted to vote. Mr. Johnson had done what, in my opinion, he ought to have done. Leave the white people of thesa States to decide the question for themselves. [Great applause.] 1 can understand that here, where there ar9 a few colored people intelligent ami i educated, it should be deemed proper ! to extend to them the right of sul j frage; but when you go South, whers the blacks number nearly one-third I the population, just released from \ slavery, ignorant and brutal, I can j understand why they should not be i willing to extend this privilege to them." A SEVERE REBUKE.-The disgusting blasphemy of Mr. Sumner, in liken? ing the typical negro to Him who was God on the Cross, before th<i Senate of a christian nation, was bu fc imperfectly rebuked by Mr. Fessen den thus: Did thc House, as charged by Mr. Sumner, place themselves in the situ? ation of Pontius Pilate, with thi negro for the Saviour of the world, and the people of the United State i for Barrabas? Why, sir, I expected him [Mr. Sumner] to go further, and in the next breath to say that what with the Constitution of the United States and tho Constitution of th s States, the negro had been crucified between two thieves, and that now, by this proposed amendment, th: s stone had been rolled away from th i door of the sepulchre, and he had ascended to sit on the throne of th* Almighty and judge the world. [National Intelligence}'. Mr. Pollard writes: If General Grant has power to stop the liberty of speech in the press, he also has tho power to muzzle the freedom of speech in Congress. He speaks of the news? papers alienating both sections of tbs country. We beg leave to state that in the halls of Congress there is moi-!* sedition and thsaffection ventilated there, and disseminated all over the country, electrically, in one hour, than in one year by all the newspa? pers in the South. Can't he suppresi those fomeiiters of discord. Sumner and Stevens?