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THE DAILY Daily Paper $10 a Year. "Let our Just Censure P??ONIX. Attend the True Event. Tri-Weekly $7 a Year BY J. A. SELBY COLUMBIA, S. C., FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 15, 1865. VOL. I-NO. 222. THE PHONTX, PUBLISHED PA.1T.Y K'S]} TBI-WEEHXT, BY JULIAN A. SELBY. S T A T E F It I NT E P.. TERMS-IN ADVA NOE. SUBSCRIPTION". Dailv Pa?>er. six mouths.$5 00 Trf-Wcokly, " " .3 50 ADVERTISEMENTS Inserted at $1 per squaro for the first in? sertion, aud 75 .-outs for each subs?quent. KT Special notices 15 cent;1 a lino. Counting House C'ulenc?ar for 18C6. Tlic South-Its Duty anti Destiny, The writer of tho article which follows, is a. distinguished Professor in the ?South Carolina College, and gives expression to the views of the most hopeful class of Southern peo? ple. What lie says of t?ie West ludia experiment will receive further elu( " . dation in the next number of the Review, when we hope to give full examination to the recent work of Mr. Sewell, who visited the islands and furnishes an elaborate and favora? ble exposition of their present condi? tion.-EOTTOB DEBOW'S RH VIEW. On the fourth of July, 1865, the citizens of Columbia, S. C., were the spectators of a scene most impressive aud instructive. A large body of freedmen gathered from the sur? rounding districts, united with their countrymen in the city to celebrate the day of national festivity. There were not less than twenty thousand present on the occasion; yet no act of violence nor even of incivility was perpetrated. N > disturbance oc? curred. .-Ml were sober, sedate and courteous. The cup of freedom bad not made them delirious. These sanguinary barbarians, who, accord? ing to the theory of fanaticism, had been kept in subjection by the whip aud the chain, adjusted themselves to their new relations with a calm digni? ty which, however subversive of the aforesaid theory, reflects the greatest credit upon their former masters. The institution of slavery had trans? formed the African savage into the nucleus of the American citizen. The South is thus vindicated from unmerited calumny. "The past afc least is secure"; and the Southern master, thus unexpectedly cited be? fore tho world's tribunal, has proved that he has discharged his high trust, by the employment of an in? stitution devolved upon him by the cupidity of the North, in the moral improvement of the class thus com? mitted to his charge. That institu? tion no longer exists. The stern arbitrament of the sword has decreed its extinction, and tue South, ac quiescing in the inevitable result, has surrendered its trust. A n-w era luis dawned upon it. The relation ol labor to capital assumes a different position. By a revolution unex? ampled in the history of mankind, philanthropic projectors have con? verted slaves into freemen, without warning or preparation, without that apprenticeship which has been hither? to deemed the appropriate and ever necessary transition from bondage tc liberty. It remains to be seen hov, the South will un ofc this new condi? tion of affairs. Is it adequate to tb* crisis V To deny this, would be ai: ungenerous reflection upon its es? tablished character for sagacity and energy. A people that converted au inconsiderable foreign plant into thc autocrat of the commerce of the civilized world, and made cotton king, defying and distancing all com? petition in it? cultivation: that held at bay for four years tho most power? ful Government on the face of the earth, and succumbed at last only to overwhelming numbers, waging a war of devastation, plunder and rapine, has settled thc question of their ener? gy and endurance. Such men even an enemy might be proud to claim as brethren. They have asserted their high lineage, and proved themselves adequate to any task -which Provi? dence may devolve upon them. The vital question for the South at the present time, is: Can the colored man be profitably employed as a free laborer ? Will he work ? or is he an exception to the general rule, which determines that /hen the laborer is remanded to Iiis own interests he will prove most effective ? The results of the experiment in the British West Indies would throw great light upon this inquiry. But unfortunately the requisite documents are not at hand. Gen. Sherman, in his devastating oc? cupations and marches, has so effect? ually done his chosen work, that the private libraries, to which we might repair for information, lie in ashes. We can avail ourselves only of snob information :i3 is within our reach; and fortunately we have at hand the '"Edinburgh Review," which happens to have escaped their touch and torch. A writer in that quarterly for April, 1859, affirms that "the West Indies are ?aising with great speed to a height of wealth, happiness and com? fort unknown before," that "they are swiftly becoming a gem in the British crown, of higher value than they ever wrere before." The act of emancipation took effect in 1834; the apprenticeship system ceased in 1838. Tile new system seems to have worked very well until 1847," when a dreadful crash came, brought about mainly by a vast fall in the price of sugar. Free trade exposed the planters to the competition o? Brazil and Cuba, whilst the protective measures of France and Belgium and other continental countries in favor of their beet sugar excluded cane sugar from their markets, and caused a surplus in England, so that, although the pro? duce of the islands continued to in? crease, the profits were as steadily i diminishing, and the planters, crip j pied by the debts which they had brought with them out of slavery, were crushed and ruined. But from these disasters the islands have gra? dually recovered;, and the writer affirms that "official statistics and reports absolutely demonstrate that tire West Indies aro rapidly advanc? ing in wealth and prosperity, with a corresponding advance in tho general character of thc people. " Thc South enU-rs upon its new career under circumstances strikingly different, and far more advantageous, ! than those which attended the ex? periment in the West Indies. Om colored population is far superior iii intellect and morals. The plantations in thoso islands were, managed princi I pally by agents, the proprietors re? siding in England; and there wa) . little intercourse between the whitei . and the blacks. The latter remainec i in ignorance and barbarism. Om I j people have been civilized and chris i tianized. They are intelligent, hav( : been trained to habits of industry and can appreciate tho importance of regular and well-directed labor Moreover, we have the advantage o . climate. Those tropical regions en ; abled the negro to live upon tin ; spontaneous productions of the soil - arni hence tempted him lo sloth i But, in our elim tte, work is indis > pensable to existence. The negr< ' must lal>or or .starve. Hence tin ? proprietor of land can present ? con ? ' trolling motive to overcome the nativ i j a?uggishness of the African. Again tim British Government committed the fatal mistake of allowing the emancipated negroes to become owners of tho soil. The wild lands wore occupied by the freedmen; and cuffie settled down upon th"m in easy indolence, content to live apt n pump? kins and whatever a bounteous nature might lavish at his feet. But here, the white man is the proprietor of the land. Cnflie must work for him, or try the experiment of living with? out work, with the privilege of starv- j ing. He is free to starve if ho pleases. But >ven the negro can understand that starvation is not the most desira? ble privilege of freedom, and his own sad experience will impress him with the importance of working for a living. We arc, we confess, deeply solicit? ous that a fair experiment shall bc made with the free colored popula? tion. Tho South has already proved itself their greatest benefactor, by rescuing them from barbarism and heathenism aud blessing them with the light of a pure christianity. It now romains to complete the great work by elevating them to the status of intelligent, industrious and effect* ivo hirelings. Let us not shrink from this arduous, but benevolent, enterprise. The negro is indeed ignorant, and he has been perverted and demoralized by fanatical teachers; but the instincts of humanity are yet vital in him; and the kindly remem? brance of former and brighter days will concur with a regard for his own interest to attach him to his former master. Prudence, forbearance and a tender iudulgence of his infirmities may yet protect him against tho in? sidious in?uenees which are employed to make him regard his former master as his enemy, and may revive those earlier associations of love and duty, which once made him contented with his humide lot. The primary condition of success with the Southern planter consists in a full appreciation of tho altered re? lation of the negro laborer and a corresponding change of treatment. In this respect the West India planters blundered most sadly. The managers of estates (for the pro? prietors were mostly absentees,) for? getting that the negro was no longer a bondman, carried into their new sphere the habits of thought and action to which they had boen ac? customed, but of which the freedman was very naturally most impatient, and attempted to subject the latter tc a system of discipline which thc laws had made obsolete. Distrust anti alienation were the inevitable conse? quence. The laborer in disgust abandoned his old home, and set ny. for himself. 14 is not without som< degree of truth that a writer in tlu '. Westminister Review," February. 1853, asserts, "The diminution o labor was the direct and imm?diat* consequence of tho mismanagemen of the planters." Sout hern planters, it is to bo hoped will avoid this error". Our coloree people are possessed, we believe, o tho most kindly feelings towards thei late owners. Many of thom hav> declined to accept'the proffered booi of freedom; all, with perhaps th exception of the few who have bee: corrupted by those who left thei masters and took up arms again.S I thom? in the late struggle, wish an> I hope to live amongst ns quietly an orderly. The negro is by nat.ir submissive and peaceable. Ile ha no propensity to acts of violence, an ! blood. Intemperance is not arnon j his Climes. His chief faults aro fais:' hood and theft, and these were th incidents of his servile conditioi just as gaming, gallantry, tho plei mires of tho table and extravagai display iu dress and equipage are tl? products ol' a higher stage of civilize tiflh. Possessing within himself th constituents of an effective laboro ho may be transmuted by judieion ' ?nd pains-taking efforts into ? valu: ' ble coadjutor in the now carew ? I progress upon which tho Soufch IK j entered i i One striking peculiarity of bia character is his .strong local attach? ment, his love of homo and its sur? roundings. The Southern planter may avail himself of this element of his nature, and turn it to beneficial uses both for himself and his depen? dent. The negro's original attach? ment to the homestead may be con? firmed and invigorated by kind and courteous treatment, by affectionate interest. i:i his family and regard for his welfare. He may thus be made a permanent fixture of the plantation; and our patriarchal institution may be replaced by eua combining all its advantages with none of ?LJ evils. Slavery is an abnormal, and, as tho history of the world has proved, a deciduous institution. Whether this is the growth of man's virtues or his vices, we stop not to inquire. Wo accept the fact. But the relation of master arid servant is natural and unalterable. Our former system may bc replaced by oue such as that which exists in England, where the play? mate of childhood becc s the con? fidential agent of later .ars, resides at the old homestead, and dying, leaves his children in the service of his original employer, and attached to their nativo spot by all tho sweet and gentle associations of home, kindred and friends. Such a system of hereditary employment, of trans? mission of duties and affections from parents to children, is the fairest school of human nature. It is the nursery of all that is noblest, and dearest, and best in our social re? lations, and far transcends the misera? ble scheme of mercenary and transient service which pervades tho domestic economy of the North. Wc arc, as we have said, anxious that a fair experiment should be made with thc colored people. We aro hopeful, even confident, in regard to its issue. BUL should the experiment fail, there exis s no ground for de spondency in reference to our future. Our broad lands and fertile fields will invite foreign etniprration. The young, the vigorous, and the enterprising will come among ns to seek their for? tunes; and tho indomitable Anglo Saxon spirit will in the end, triumph over all obstacles. We have said nothing of thc aid which we may derive from the influences of Chris? tianity in subsidizing the colored labor of the South. We hope to discuss that subject in another article. The religion of the negro is sui generis, and demands the careful scrutiny of the philosopher. But we must stop. The conclusion of the whole matter is this. We call \ipon the people of thc South toi bc manly, enterprising, hopeful. Their fortitude, in adversity is even more admirable than their gallantry in the field. They are capable of great things, and may achieve a high des? tiny. Let them turn away from the dead past, and look at the living future. 4 ' Men are sometimes masters of their fates;" and the critical period has'arrived in which they ?ire sum? moned to enter upon a new career of unexampled prosperity, happiness, and virtue. Adversity is a stern school, but it is the gymnasium of great, souls; and the awful calamities which have befallen the South maj prove in the end to have boen only the discipline of Providence to purify and consolidate ifs character, and to nmke it, as hitherto the ornament, so now and hereafter, the support of a preat nation. For Sale, COLUMBIA CITY PROPERTY. rilli':: undersigned is aui.horiy.ed to seil \ X Humber of HOUS] > and LOTS, situ? ated in vai i a-.s portions of th? city. Nota is tin' lime for capitalists. They mar he treated for on advantageous terms, i! ap? plied for soon to W. A. HAI'.KIS. Nov 28 *W HOESE FOE SALE. j- A SADDLE ?nd DRAFT HORSE, r/t?y perfectly gentle, ii? offered for sade ?gncheap, 'apply it. thia office, inc 12 REAL ESTATE FOR SALE. ?OFFER for salo several valuable tract? of OAK and HICKORY LANDS, situated in Pickons District, on tho lino of railroad and around 'Walhalla. Also,'some highly improved Grain and Cotton LANDS, ia Fairfield District, located near thc Colum? bia and Charlotte Railroad. Together with several superior PLANTATIONS, in Richland District, one of which is bounded on one side by the Charleston and Colam bia Railroad, i'or particulars, apply to Dec f W. A. HARRIS, Agent. New Store AND IAM now receiving and opening one of the largest stocks of GROCERIES, LIQUORS, HARDWARE, TINWARE AND HATS, ! That has Reen brought to this mar-ket. All of which will be sold LOW FOR CASH. I Call and be convinced-I charge nothing I for showing goods.' A. C. DAVIS, 2d door above old City Hotel Corner, Dec 13 ?_" Mainstreet. I Notice cf Assignment and Dissolution. j rpilE undersigned, firm of LUMSDEN A i JL McGEE, composed of J. L. Lumsden i and John W. McGee, doing business in the city of Columbia, have this day made an assignment of all their stock in trade, debts, assets and personal property to Francis M. burdell and James S. McMahon, who have taken charge of the same for the benefit of parties named in the said deed of assignment; and the said firm is hereby dissolved hy mutual consent. J. L. LUMSDEN, JOHN w. MCGEE. ! Thc undersigned have accepted the trust ' of the above assignment, and will proceed j to wind up the same without delay, by sell : ing out thc stock on hand at private sale, ! at thc; store lately occupied by Lumsden & j McGee, on Assembly street. All debts due ! to the said late firm must be paid to us, ! and wo request that it be done promptlv. F. M. BURDELL, " JAS. s. MCMAHON, Assignees of Lumsden A McGee. : Dec 12_ Commission and Forwarding Agency ' rpiilE undersigned will continue the busi J. ness of COM MISSION and FORWARD 1 ING AGENT, and will give his attention to ! the sale, storing or forwarding of Cotton, ; Country Produce and Merchandize gene? rally. Can always be found at the corner of Asseroblv and Lady streets. " J. L. LUMSDEN. R?F?RENCES.- H.T. Peake,Esq.,Charles? ton, S. C.: Hon. T. C. Perrin, Abbeville, S. C.; Mos. s M. Grinnell, New York; Rufus M. .lohnstot,, Columbia, S. C. Dec V2 G UNTIL FURTHER d> HEIL JO JES 3FL & , THE SUBSCRIBER'S HEADQUARTERS WILL BE AT THE STORE OF C. S. JENKINS, ASSEMBLY STREET, NEXT MARKET. SANTA CLAUS. Dec !> 1 mo BOOTS, SHOES MD LEATHER, THE subscribers har? just receded general assortment of BOOTS and .si;: ?ES, consisting of: Gent's Single and Double-soled BOOTS, (Iluladelph? make,? Balmorals, Gaiters, Bootees, ltr<? UM'.IS Ac Also, a Sne lot of th? very best Baltimore Oak Side LEATHER. We will, as usual, make to ord. r all variot'es of Root s an 1 shoes, of the best material and workmanship, Tor cash only a rule fron which there wiU he no exception. J. & A. OLIYER, Sumter between Richland and Laurel Dec 7_ Imo* G SMITHING. PEI SB W. KRAFT would respfctfuliy inform his old friends and customers that (.he hst) n sumed his old busi? ness of a GUNSMITH, and w.ll promptly attend to ?ll order*. Dec 7 12.-J