I OO?ATMBTA;:
I Wednesday Morning;, Oct. 18,1865.
J ' Tbc Groat Question.
1 It is useless to disguise the truth.
The question of obtaining labor to
develope the resoxirces of the South,
agricultural, industrial and mechani?
cal, is not only one of the utmost
importance to tho South itself, but
to the -whole country. Cotton, rice
and tobaccojean be raised, tho lands
are ' here, and the soil and climate
os fertile and propitious as ever for
the production of these great staples,
but the most fertile soil and the most
genial elimo require a certain amount
.of labor to give their wealth to the*
.'world. In the economy of Provi?
dence rilan was made to labor, ami,
without labor, the earth yields not.
. her increase.
Taking - these truths, and giving
them the consideration they claim, in
the present disorganized condition of
u the labor system of the Southern
States, we ?ure not surely saying too
. much, when we say that the organi?
zation of a-new and effective system
is one of the moat important ques?
tions of tho hour. The great and
exporting cities of ?the Jjnibn require
our staples, to place commerce on a
secure and healthy basis. The agri?
culturalists of the South require the
manufactures and fabrics of Europe
and tho North, but without their na?
tural products they cannot obtain
them. The currency of the country
requires these products to equalize
exchanges and prevent the depleting
system of exporting specie-rand, in?
deed, it is safe to say, that every in?
terest ih the country, North, East,
.South and West, ut this time particu?
larly, requires, ior its proper support
and. advancement, that the fertile:
acres of the plantation States should
bc so cultivated . as to .yield their
Hrgest stores of agricultural wealth.
The question of accomplishing this
most important object, thus becomes
a national one, and, as sneh, is of
. that magnitude which requires the
greatest amount of wisdom, states?
manship and profound consideration
that can be drawn from every section
o! the Union. The laborers are here
-sufficient in numbers and effective
i:i results during the past-'but no man
of ordinary observation or' common
sense can deny that, in their present
state of transition and disorganiza?
tion, they can be made neither
now, or for some time to comb, with?
out some effective ?process of re?
organization-some code of labor
some system of contracts between
the proprietors and workers, that
must, be binding and obligatory on
both parties. The Government,
through the establishment of the
Freedmen's Bureau, has tried to
.affect this object, but there are sd
many difficulties and emfrarraRanfonts-!
to encounter, that notwithstanding,
the efforts which have been made,'
and are being rnadq, thc great end '
sought has not been accomplished.
' Moreover, the bureau, we presume,
will cease to exist, when ali the South?
ern States are fully restored, thus
leaving to the States themselves, with
the co-operation of the General Go?
vernment, the proper regulation of
labor-the protection and security of
the rights of both classes, and the
enactment of such laws as may be
' best adapted to accomplish that pur*
.pose.
Without law, and the ?ghtful
power to enforce it in the prevention
of any wanto? violation of labor con?
tracts, it is in vain to expect any ex?
tended cidtivation of our Southern
fields and plantations for years to
come. In every section of thia coun?
try, and in every other country on the
globe, the laborer is compelled, by
every moral and social law, to work
to support himself; but in the peculiar
condition of the laboring class of the
South at this time, these wholesome
und'indispensable regulations are ig
nored, a?d a sort of. chaotic confusion
pervades the whole.
The great question, then, is^ to re?
store oi^er out of this chaos, to ?ring
labor under equitable and remunera?
tive regulations and sestrictions, to
make it the interest of all parties to
comply strictly with these regulations,
and to' set the whole machinery in
easy going 2H?L healthful operation.
And to this great end und its accom?
plishment, we invoke ~onr State and
National Legislatures to lend all their
talents and experience, their firmest
purposes ahd their best energies.
After the reconstruction bf thc Go?
vernment aiid the complete restora?
tion of the Southern States to their
rightful position among their co
States of the Union, the subject
which we have h^id under considera?
tion is of the most vital and para?
mount importance.
Emigration. '
Major Hastings, of Alabama, ap?
pears to have suceecdtd irforganizing
a colony to emigrate to Brazil. Tho
Selma Messenger says he is to have
100 families, or 500 paying members,
each paying a quota of money, which
they forfeit in case they fail fo be
ready to embark at the time and place
designated by their written agree?
ment. The transportation will cost
$20 for adults and $10 for children
between two and twelve years of age,
each family being entitled to one ton
of freight freo of charge, and each un?
married person, not of the families,
i to 200 lbs.
Tho timo and place of embarkation
are already designrted; abputhalf the
requisite number hage signed the
agreement; the full number will soon
be obtained] when the final arrange?
ments for the departure"of the colony
will bo made.
With regard to this sAi?me of- <^uii
gration, we think the letter of (Jen.
Wade Hampton, published sometime
ago. is V.ie best commentary and con?
tains tho most prudent and patriotic
advice that eau be? brought to bear
upon the .subject at the present time.
MASS MI:NTIN<; IN ST. Lons.-The
St. Louis papers colac to us with n
call for a great public meeting (nu?
merously .signed) on the 20th instant,
to sustain the 'policy of President
Johnson. ? The invitation is extSuded
to all who are prepared to unite tc
overthrow, the proscriptive and usurp?
ing minority party ih Missouri thal
has imposed an odious Constitutioi
upon the people by fraud, and that h
even now seeking to perpetuate it;
ill-gotten power by the agency of
lawless executive and a mercenary
partisan' Supreme Court.
We notice, in the Illinois State Jo io?
nal, of the 5th instant, a statenien
which says that a resident of Unioi
! County, in that State, has two hun
|dred acres of fine, cotton, which h
fears will be lost for want of laborer
to pick it, as a large number of th
inhabitants are at the present tim
sick. He wishes to hire colored hel
from Cairo, to secure the crop, bt
I Ci* A o H? wm uuu uC pCriLuuuvyvi. w <"
so unless protected by the authoritiet
as tlie people in that section are oj
posed to the 4 introduction of colore
laborers. ^
PKOPEKTY RESTOKED.-The Vick
burg Herald learns that the properi
o? Jos. E. Davis, Esq., elder broth
of the President of the late Confed
rate States, located in Warren Count
?ud the property of Gon. Wm. !
Martin, of Natchez, Miss., has bei
restored to them ; also, that the pi
perty of Jacob Thompson and 0?e
N. B." Forrest has never been touch
at all.
THK Winz TitiAX.-It is estim?t
that' the Wirz trial will "Coat t
Government $100,000 by tile tix
(it is concluded. Surgeon-Genei
Moore, ol' the late Ooniederate aim
i is in Washington, and will be exami
cd as a witno?s for Wir::.
The Northern Hails.
?The mail steamship Andalusia,
Capt. Bursley, from Kew York, on
Wednesday, the -.11th, arrived at
Charleston Saturday evening, after
experiencing heavy -weather and a
rough sea, during.which she had her
bulwarks stove and shifted cargo.
From late New York papers, we make
np the' following interesting summa?
ry of news: t
NEW YOKE, October ll. -The steam?
ship City of Washington arrived at
New York on the 18th inst., and
brought European files- to the 27th
September,'which arc mainly taken
xtp with the Fenian movement.
The cattle plague luis suddenly ex?
hibited a new development in*Enc?
land, thc* disease having broken obx
among the sheep, accompanied by alis
its most natal characteristics. *
J. N- ' Navarro, Consul-General of
tho Mexican Republic, at New York,
sends to the Herald ii positive contra?
diction of the story that President
J"uarez had fled from Lis country, and
states that, at last ace; mnts, ne was
still at -El Paso.
The North Carolina Convention had
reconsidered the Ordinance fixing the
time for the election of Governor,
Members of Congress and the Legis?
lature, and changed it from the 9tii
to the 2d November*.
A discussion took place on tho debt
contracted in aid of the rebellion,
which, it is thought, wfil be ignored.
There was a warm and earnest dc
tbateVon the 10th inst., in the House
of Delegates of ?ho Episcopal Con?
vention, in Philadelphia, over a reso?
lution proposing to concur with the
House of Bishops in accepting Bishop
Wilmer, of Alabama, as the regular
presiding ecclesiastic of that diocese.
Bishop Wilmer was consecrated by
the Bishops of Virginia, South Caro?
lina and Georgia during the war, and
did not, therefore, on his installation
in office, conform with the laws of the
Church North, which require that a
bisb.op sbi^d take the oath of alle?
giance to the National Government.
Compliance with other church cere?
monies and regulations has also been
neglected in his'ease.' Counter reso?
lutions, declaring Dr. Wilmer's juris?
diction null ?nd void, were offered,
but not finally disposed of, and the
discussion was con,inned till the ad?
journment. No vote on the matter
was reached.
-Mr. J. C. Watson, of thc observa?
tory at Ann Arbor, Michigan, an
nounees that he discovered gs new
planet on Monday, iltli inst.
Five wealthy farmers,.charged with
being engaged in manu facturing coun?
terfeits of United States silver coin,
have been arrested afear Stirling,
Canada. Dies and bogus money were
found iii the possession <>f the prison?
ers, who, it is said, belong to a very
extensive gang. %
The sentence of Champ Ferguson,
the Tennessee guerrilla, tried some
time ago by court martial, has been
made public. He is to be hanged on
the 20th of this month.
The Washington correspondent ol
the Philadelphia Ledger, writes that
Senmor Cowan, of Pennsylvania, will
uuXHTestioiiably sustain the President's
polS?y of reconstruction.
A, portion of Gen. Sully's army, tv;
route to Sioux City, passed below
Fort Rice. The ftmaiuder were left
at the different forts along 'the river.
All the Indians along the Missouri
River are reported friendly.
Sixty returned minors, from Mon?
tana, bring $100,00(1 in gold.
Maj. Gen. Howard, of th? Freed?
men's Bureau, left Washington OE
tho 10th inst., on his second and more
extended Southern trio. iTri??. Geri
Strong, Inspector-General of the samt
bureau, lias been ordered to Texas tc
inspect the condition of the freedmei:
there:
The President, on the lOtli inst.,
granted one hundred and seventy-five
pardons-all North Carolinians of tin
$20,000 class.
The intermd revenue receipts oi
the 10th inst, reached but $6.0,013.14
From tho present tame to the close o
the year they will doubtless show i
considerable falling off.
' General Conner, the Indian fighte:
of tlie Rocky Mountains, hos pro
claimed war to the knife against al
tile red men of that section. It i
much doubted whether the Govern
mont will sustain him in any sud
policy. He has been fighting thesi
people very iiard ?md very .steadil;
lihring the last four years; and th
latest reports of his operations ha?
statements that could hardly be ex
plained in any other way t .au that hi
aad been guilty ol massacres. Ther
s among thu papers of last Congres
.i terribie document-, containing th
details ol the Indian inas.Ni.cre ii
. \ dorado, by Colonel Cbiviiigw>n; am
vve. ivar the tait tii.it Chivingtou ha
..hus far been allowed to gu unpu?
i?hud has led ot.UT officers op- ralinj
I
against these Indians to act with a
ferocity that is disgraceful in a Chris?
tian people.
The steamer Tycoon, from Mem?
phis to Louisville, with 1,500 bales of
cotton, was burned on the night of
the 9th instant, at Little Prairie Bend.
' No lives were lost,
Texas papers estinfate that there
will not we more than half a cror^.
The cotton of that State that waa
raised by the Germans is said to be
cleaner and of fairer quality than that
grown by slaves.
It'is estimated that 25,000 bales of
cotton will be procured this year
'along the? Une off the Illinois Central
Railroad, against 5,000 last.
A letter from Kenneth Raynor, of
North Carolina, is published in the
Washington Republican, of the 11th.*
He favors the separation of the white
and black braces, and advocates the
colonization of the blacks by the Go?
vernment. He declares in siuoerity
that if this separation does not take
place, the Southern States will, in ten*
years, relapse into barbarism, and
asserts that his personal observation'
convinces him that the labor of thc
black race cannot bc made available
in the South.
In North Carolina, he adds, pubbe
opinion is unanimous in favor of the
separation of the white and black
races, and that the same view is gain?
ing strength rapidly over the South.
- He also says that there will not be
200 bales of cotton grown during che
present year in North Carolina.
Orders have been issued from Wash?
ington, for mustering out the Twenty
third Army. Corps, composed exclu
ly of colored troops, and now doing
duty on the Rio Grande.
The new steamships Moneka aud
Emily B. " Souder, of Philadelphia,
have been purchased by Messrs. Ar?
chibald Getty & Co., of*Charleston,
S. C., who will run thom on a regular
hin; between that city and Kew York.
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, lato of
the Confederate army, ptpsed Fortress
Monroe on the 1Kb. inst., on his way
to Richmond.
Mr. Beether's hobby this season is
the doctrine of purgatory in thc place
of the Evangelical doctrine of hell,
and negro and women suffrage at thc
polls. It i?, no secret that one of th?
, most celebrated writers of theBeechei
family is engaged on a work to dis
prove the doctrine of future endlos;
punishment, a doctrine {hat Dr
Beecher, the senior, so ably defended
Tur. SOUNDERS AGAINST IT.-A re
markublc and significant feature o
.the election in Connecticut, on Mon
day, was thc? unanimity of thc sol
dior's vote. The returned veteran
of the war, bronzed in years of toil
some marches and scarred in battles
votedjrery nearly unanimously agains
tho proposition for negro auffrage.
STAY LAW.-A law has been pro
posed in- the Tennessee Legislatur
providing for a stay of execution fo
debt until the farmers have time t*
gather two or three crops.
NEW PIANO FACTOI^T.-It is state?
that the Tunisians who have come t
New York. design starting a pian<
manufactory, and that Gen. Magrude
late of the rebel army, who is fond o
music, will be president of the essoci
tipn.
EFFECTS OF A PAFBK C UKREKCT*. '
Speculation is everywhere raising it
head, and must continue so long c
paper money increases. Good famil
flours now retailed at $13 per barre
coal at $14 per ton, and almost all th
necessaries of life in about the sam
> proportion. This great advance ovc
oid prices of $5 and SC for flour, an
$4 and $5 per ton for coal, is almos
I entirely attributable to currency ver
; greatly cheapened in value by the ir
I crease of its amount. Three dollar
of paper is now worth some two do!
lars in coin ; but this is not the won
of a redundant currency*. The mor
there is of it, the greater is the facil:
ty afforded capital in combining t
put up prices, leading to'strikes an
i combinations in resistance on th
part of consumers.
[Philadelphia Ledger.
Tlie Jacksonville (Florida) Heroic
of the Otb, says that the ordnanc
officer at that place is'busily engage
in removing the armaments from th
batteries erected there during the wai
The same paper also says that froi
the 1st ftf August to tho 6th of Soy.
?ember, 6.000 ludes of cotton were r<
ceived at .bat port by railroad froi
the iutiu u\ ' '
Xjiocetl* Items.
."Cotton.Blanks" and permits-indispenr
sable to all persons urckasing or shipping
cotton-eau be obtained at this office
EMPLOYMENT.-Eight or ton good print
era can obtain employment in this office
daring tho approaching session of the
Legislature. ^_
CASK,-Wo wish it distinctly understood
that our terms for subscription, advertising
and job work are ?ash. Tho money must
in every case acoojnpany orders, er (hey vn?
vol be attended to. This rnlo applies to alb
Attention is directed to the advortisenu nt
of Mossfs. Davies A Co., in this morning's
paper. They have f) large and varied as?
sortment of ?roods, which they propose to
sell at New York prices. It will bc seen
that Mr. J. Mendel, formerly a merchant in
this city, is with Messrs' D. A Co.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-We are indebted to
Mr. It. C. Shiver and to Mr. Hamilton, of
Nickerson's Hotel, for Charleston papers
of tho latest dates. To the latter wo are
indebted for copies of thc Charleston papers
of Monday, from which wc make some ex?
tracts; als* to Capt. Caldwell ,?>r late
Georgia papers.*
The important communication of our
esteemed correspondent "De Rolf," from
Greenville, has been received, with its ac?
companying documents, but, wo regret, to
say, too laic for this day's issue. Wo are
grateful to him for this attention, and his
communication and accompanying docu?
ment:^ which arc of interest and impor?
tance, will appear to-morrow.
Tun ELECTION".-Tho election, to-day,
should enlist tho interest of aU our citizens.
There are many good names presented,
and it is to oe hoped,that our fellow-citi?
zens will make wise selection. Wc have
already expressed our opinion iu relation
to .the matter, and again we must express
our hopa and trust that the ablest. and
wisest men may be selected. The follow?
ing is a list of the candidates. If we have
omitted any*, it is from oversight:
Eor the Senate-E. J. Arthur.
House of Representatives-William Wal- _
luce, W. P." Geiger, John H. Kinslor, W.
H. Talky, A. G. Baskin, W. K. Bachman,
E. J. Scott, W. Shiver.
Tin s:- ure ali good and true men, as wc
arc wonjt to call them: but to-day wc are
calle:; .-elect four of them, and our only
hope i that our fcllow-citizeus may
choose wisely and well. *
Thj2 nolls for the city will bc opened at
;t iK".,k'?u m.: at Dr. Geiger's office, at
which poll J^-C. .binney, H.P. Green and
J. S. Leaphart will be managers. Thc
upper polls will be held at Rich. Caldwell's.
store-Messrs. lira. MeGuinnis, T. Boyne
and J. S. Due managers.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS .-Atten ti on i.i call?
ed to the following advertisements, which
are pu! dished* for the iirst time this moan?
ing:
Browne A Schirmer-Com. Merchants.
Davies & Co-Kew Variety Store
Jacob Levin-Furnitare, etc.
Lumsden A McGee-Codfish, et?
George Chisolm-lieuse to Sell.or Rent.
Richard Caldwell-Groceries, etc.
Honson & Sutpheu-Saddles A Harness
Muller A- Senn-Bagging, Rope A Flomv
'. " -Locks, etc.
FALSE ? APPEAIIXNC"ES.-The New
York Sun warns its readers not to
take the hectic flush of seeming pros?
perity for the bloom of real personal
or national hedtth. It, therefore, so?
berly and wisely says:
"The Government is in debt twen*
ty-seven hundred millions of dollars,
all contracted within the Jast fivo
years. Every dollar of tAt debt,
which ueors ir-t? '."est, ir. difilributed
among tho people, and every tax?
payer must bear a share of.the burden,
according to the taxabh valuation of
his property. It matt rs r>Af. how
much of this interest is paid by arrect
tax, or h?w much in the way of in?
ternal revenue-ki one way or an other
it all rests upon the people, and the
country at large is just the said twen?
ty-seven hundred million dollars poor?
er than it would have been without
war, to say nothing of the general
wastage of resources, flow is it, then,
that we are apparently riclfer, while
in reality a great deal poorer, than
before the rebellion? The truth is,
that our present condition is unna?
tural, baseless, transitory. The war
created an artificial prosperity which,
although well enough for individuals
who 'made hay while the sun shone,''
was fictitious and unreal, so far as the
country was concerned. "
The corn crop in New Jersey has
been the heaviest ever raised in that
"State. This is the 'case generally, so
that the corn crop of the country will
more than supply any supposed de?
ficiency in the wheat crop. -
A gun with a bayonet attached to
it is a^sharp-shooter.