University of South Carolina Libraries
I OO?ATMBTA;: I Wednesday Morning;, Oct. 18,1865. J ' Tbc Groat Question. 1 It is useless to disguise the truth. The question of obtaining labor to develope the resoxirces of the South, agricultural, industrial and mechani? cal, is not only one of the utmost importance to tho South itself, but to the -whole country. Cotton, rice and tobaccojean be raised, tho lands are ' here, and the soil and climate os fertile and propitious as ever for the production of these great staples, but the most fertile soil and the most genial elimo require a certain amount .of labor to give their wealth to the* .'world. In the economy of Provi? dence rilan was made to labor, ami, without labor, the earth yields not. . her increase. Taking - these truths, and giving them the consideration they claim, in the present disorganized condition of u the labor system of the Southern States, we ?ure not surely saying too . much, when we say that the organi? zation of a-new and effective system is one of the moat important ques? tions of tho hour. The great and exporting cities of ?the Jjnibn require our staples, to place commerce on a secure and healthy basis. The agri? culturalists of the South require the manufactures and fabrics of Europe and tho North, but without their na? tural products they cannot obtain them. The currency of the country requires these products to equalize exchanges and prevent the depleting system of exporting specie-rand, in? deed, it is safe to say, that every in? terest ih the country, North, East, .South and West, ut this time particu? larly, requires, ior its proper support and. advancement, that the fertile: acres of the plantation States should bc so cultivated . as to .yield their Hrgest stores of agricultural wealth. The question of accomplishing this most important object, thus becomes a national one, and, as sneh, is of . that magnitude which requires the greatest amount of wisdom, states? manship and profound consideration that can be drawn from every section o! the Union. The laborers are here -sufficient in numbers and effective i:i results during the past-'but no man of ordinary observation or' common sense can deny that, in their present state of transition and disorganiza? tion, they can be made neither now, or for some time to comb, with? out some effective ?process of re? organization-some code of labor some system of contracts between the proprietors and workers, that must, be binding and obligatory on both parties. The Government, through the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau, has tried to .affect this object, but there are sd many difficulties and emfrarraRanfonts-! to encounter, that notwithstanding, the efforts which have been made,' and are being rnadq, thc great end ' sought has not been accomplished. ' Moreover, the bureau, we presume, will cease to exist, when ali the South? ern States are fully restored, thus leaving to the States themselves, with the co-operation of the General Go? vernment, the proper regulation of labor-the protection and security of the rights of both classes, and the enactment of such laws as may be ' best adapted to accomplish that pur* .pose. Without law, and the ?ghtful power to enforce it in the prevention of any wanto? violation of labor con? tracts, it is in vain to expect any ex? tended cidtivation of our Southern fields and plantations for years to come. In every section of thia coun? try, and in every other country on the globe, the laborer is compelled, by every moral and social law, to work to support himself; but in the peculiar condition of the laboring class of the South at this time, these wholesome und'indispensable regulations are ig nored, a?d a sort of. chaotic confusion pervades the whole. The great question, then, is^ to re? store oi^er out of this chaos, to ?ring labor under equitable and remunera? tive regulations and sestrictions, to make it the interest of all parties to comply strictly with these regulations, and to' set the whole machinery in easy going 2H?L healthful operation. And to this great end und its accom? plishment, we invoke ~onr State and National Legislatures to lend all their talents and experience, their firmest purposes ahd their best energies. After the reconstruction bf thc Go? vernment aiid the complete restora? tion of the Southern States to their rightful position among their co States of the Union, the subject which we have h^id under considera? tion is of the most vital and para? mount importance. Emigration. ' Major Hastings, of Alabama, ap? pears to have suceecdtd irforganizing a colony to emigrate to Brazil. Tho Selma Messenger says he is to have 100 families, or 500 paying members, each paying a quota of money, which they forfeit in case they fail fo be ready to embark at the time and place designated by their written agree? ment. The transportation will cost $20 for adults and $10 for children between two and twelve years of age, each family being entitled to one ton of freight freo of charge, and each un? married person, not of the families, i to 200 lbs. Tho timo and place of embarkation are already designrted; abputhalf the requisite number hage signed the agreement; the full number will soon be obtained] when the final arrange? ments for the departure"of the colony will bo made. With regard to this sAi?me of- <^uii gration, we think the letter of (Jen. Wade Hampton, published sometime ago. is V.ie best commentary and con? tains tho most prudent and patriotic advice that eau be? brought to bear upon the .subject at the present time. MASS MI:NTIN<; IN ST. Lons.-The St. Louis papers colac to us with n call for a great public meeting (nu? merously .signed) on the 20th instant, to sustain the 'policy of President Johnson. ? The invitation is extSuded to all who are prepared to unite tc overthrow, the proscriptive and usurp? ing minority party ih Missouri thal has imposed an odious Constitutioi upon the people by fraud, and that h even now seeking to perpetuate it; ill-gotten power by the agency of lawless executive and a mercenary partisan' Supreme Court. We notice, in the Illinois State Jo io? nal, of the 5th instant, a statenien which says that a resident of Unioi ! County, in that State, has two hun |dred acres of fine, cotton, which h fears will be lost for want of laborer to pick it, as a large number of th inhabitants are at the present tim sick. He wishes to hire colored hel from Cairo, to secure the crop, bt I Ci* A o H? wm uuu uC pCriLuuuvyvi. w <" so unless protected by the authoritiet as tlie people in that section are oj posed to the 4 introduction of colore laborers. ^ PKOPEKTY RESTOKED.-The Vick burg Herald learns that the properi o? Jos. E. Davis, Esq., elder broth of the President of the late Confed rate States, located in Warren Count ?ud the property of Gon. Wm. ! Martin, of Natchez, Miss., has bei restored to them ; also, that the pi perty of Jacob Thompson and 0?e N. B." Forrest has never been touch at all. THK Winz TitiAX.-It is estim?t that' the Wirz trial will "Coat t Government $100,000 by tile tix (it is concluded. Surgeon-Genei Moore, ol' the late Ooniederate aim i is in Washington, and will be exami cd as a witno?s for Wir::. The Northern Hails. ?The mail steamship Andalusia, Capt. Bursley, from Kew York, on Wednesday, the -.11th, arrived at Charleston Saturday evening, after experiencing heavy -weather and a rough sea, during.which she had her bulwarks stove and shifted cargo. From late New York papers, we make np the' following interesting summa? ry of news: t NEW YOKE, October ll. -The steam? ship City of Washington arrived at New York on the 18th inst., and brought European files- to the 27th September,'which arc mainly taken xtp with the Fenian movement. The cattle plague luis suddenly ex? hibited a new development in*Enc? land, thc* disease having broken obx among the sheep, accompanied by alis its most natal characteristics. * J. N- ' Navarro, Consul-General of tho Mexican Republic, at New York, sends to the Herald ii positive contra? diction of the story that President J"uarez had fled from Lis country, and states that, at last ace; mnts, ne was still at -El Paso. The North Carolina Convention had reconsidered the Ordinance fixing the time for the election of Governor, Members of Congress and the Legis? lature, and changed it from the 9tii to the 2d November*. A discussion took place on tho debt contracted in aid of the rebellion, which, it is thought, wfil be ignored. There was a warm and earnest dc tbateVon the 10th inst., in the House of Delegates of ?ho Episcopal Con? vention, in Philadelphia, over a reso? lution proposing to concur with the House of Bishops in accepting Bishop Wilmer, of Alabama, as the regular presiding ecclesiastic of that diocese. Bishop Wilmer was consecrated by the Bishops of Virginia, South Caro? lina and Georgia during the war, and did not, therefore, on his installation in office, conform with the laws of the Church North, which require that a bisb.op sbi^d take the oath of alle? giance to the National Government. Compliance with other church cere? monies and regulations has also been neglected in his'ease.' Counter reso? lutions, declaring Dr. Wilmer's juris? diction null ?nd void, were offered, but not finally disposed of, and the discussion was con,inned till the ad? journment. No vote on the matter was reached. -Mr. J. C. Watson, of thc observa? tory at Ann Arbor, Michigan, an nounees that he discovered gs new planet on Monday, iltli inst. Five wealthy farmers,.charged with being engaged in manu facturing coun? terfeits of United States silver coin, have been arrested afear Stirling, Canada. Dies and bogus money were found iii the possession <>f the prison? ers, who, it is said, belong to a very extensive gang. % The sentence of Champ Ferguson, the Tennessee guerrilla, tried some time ago by court martial, has been made public. He is to be hanged on the 20th of this month. The Washington correspondent ol the Philadelphia Ledger, writes that Senmor Cowan, of Pennsylvania, will uuXHTestioiiably sustain the President's polS?y of reconstruction. A, portion of Gen. Sully's army, tv; route to Sioux City, passed below Fort Rice. The ftmaiuder were left at the different forts along 'the river. All the Indians along the Missouri River are reported friendly. Sixty returned minors, from Mon? tana, bring $100,00(1 in gold. Maj. Gen. Howard, of th? Freed? men's Bureau, left Washington OE tho 10th inst., on his second and more extended Southern trio. iTri??. Geri Strong, Inspector-General of the samt bureau, lias been ordered to Texas tc inspect the condition of the freedmei: there: The President, on the lOtli inst., granted one hundred and seventy-five pardons-all North Carolinians of tin $20,000 class. The intermd revenue receipts oi the 10th inst, reached but $6.0,013.14 From tho present tame to the close o the year they will doubtless show i considerable falling off. ' General Conner, the Indian fighte: of tlie Rocky Mountains, hos pro claimed war to the knife against al tile red men of that section. It i much doubted whether the Govern mont will sustain him in any sud policy. He has been fighting thesi people very iiard ?md very .steadil; lihring the last four years; and th latest reports of his operations ha? statements that could hardly be ex plained in any other way t .au that hi aad been guilty ol massacres. Ther s among thu papers of last Congres .i terribie document-, containing th details ol the Indian inas.Ni.cre ii . \ dorado, by Colonel Cbiviiigw>n; am vve. ivar the tait tii.it Chivingtou ha ..hus far been allowed to gu unpu? i?hud has led ot.UT officers op- ralinj I against these Indians to act with a ferocity that is disgraceful in a Chris? tian people. The steamer Tycoon, from Mem? phis to Louisville, with 1,500 bales of cotton, was burned on the night of the 9th instant, at Little Prairie Bend. ' No lives were lost, Texas papers estinfate that there will not we more than half a cror^. The cotton of that State that waa raised by the Germans is said to be cleaner and of fairer quality than that grown by slaves. It'is estimated that 25,000 bales of cotton will be procured this year 'along the? Une off the Illinois Central Railroad, against 5,000 last. A letter from Kenneth Raynor, of North Carolina, is published in the Washington Republican, of the 11th.* He favors the separation of the white and black braces, and advocates the colonization of the blacks by the Go? vernment. He declares in siuoerity that if this separation does not take place, the Southern States will, in ten* years, relapse into barbarism, and asserts that his personal observation' convinces him that the labor of thc black race cannot bc made available in the South. In North Carolina, he adds, pubbe opinion is unanimous in favor of the separation of the white and black races, and that the same view is gain? ing strength rapidly over the South. - He also says that there will not be 200 bales of cotton grown during che present year in North Carolina. Orders have been issued from Wash? ington, for mustering out the Twenty third Army. Corps, composed exclu ly of colored troops, and now doing duty on the Rio Grande. The new steamships Moneka aud Emily B. " Souder, of Philadelphia, have been purchased by Messrs. Ar? chibald Getty & Co., of*Charleston, S. C., who will run thom on a regular hin; between that city and Kew York. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, lato of the Confederate army, ptpsed Fortress Monroe on the 1Kb. inst., on his way to Richmond. Mr. Beether's hobby this season is the doctrine of purgatory in thc place of the Evangelical doctrine of hell, and negro and women suffrage at thc polls. It i?, no secret that one of th? , most celebrated writers of theBeechei family is engaged on a work to dis prove the doctrine of future endlos; punishment, a doctrine {hat Dr Beecher, the senior, so ably defended Tur. SOUNDERS AGAINST IT.-A re markublc and significant feature o .the election in Connecticut, on Mon day, was thc? unanimity of thc sol dior's vote. The returned veteran of the war, bronzed in years of toil some marches and scarred in battles votedjrery nearly unanimously agains tho proposition for negro auffrage. STAY LAW.-A law has been pro posed in- the Tennessee Legislatur providing for a stay of execution fo debt until the farmers have time t* gather two or three crops. NEW PIANO FACTOI^T.-It is state? that the Tunisians who have come t New York. design starting a pian< manufactory, and that Gen. Magrude late of the rebel army, who is fond o music, will be president of the essoci tipn. EFFECTS OF A PAFBK C UKREKCT*. ' Speculation is everywhere raising it head, and must continue so long c paper money increases. Good famil flours now retailed at $13 per barre coal at $14 per ton, and almost all th necessaries of life in about the sam > proportion. This great advance ovc oid prices of $5 and SC for flour, an $4 and $5 per ton for coal, is almos I entirely attributable to currency ver ; greatly cheapened in value by the ir I crease of its amount. Three dollar of paper is now worth some two do! lars in coin ; but this is not the won of a redundant currency*. The mor there is of it, the greater is the facil: ty afforded capital in combining t put up prices, leading to'strikes an i combinations in resistance on th part of consumers. [Philadelphia Ledger. Tlie Jacksonville (Florida) Heroic of the Otb, says that the ordnanc officer at that place is'busily engage in removing the armaments from th batteries erected there during the wai The same paper also says that froi the 1st ftf August to tho 6th of Soy. ?ember, 6.000 ludes of cotton were r< ceived at .bat port by railroad froi the iutiu u\ ' ' Xjiocetl* Items. ."Cotton.Blanks" and permits-indispenr sable to all persons urckasing or shipping cotton-eau be obtained at this office EMPLOYMENT.-Eight or ton good print era can obtain employment in this office daring tho approaching session of the Legislature. ^_ CASK,-Wo wish it distinctly understood that our terms for subscription, advertising and job work are ?ash. Tho money must in every case acoojnpany orders, er (hey vn? vol be attended to. This rnlo applies to alb Attention is directed to the advortisenu nt of Mossfs. Davies A Co., in this morning's paper. They have f) large and varied as? sortment of ?roods, which they propose to sell at New York prices. It will bc seen that Mr. J. Mendel, formerly a merchant in this city, is with Messrs' D. A Co. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-We are indebted to Mr. It. C. Shiver and to Mr. Hamilton, of Nickerson's Hotel, for Charleston papers of tho latest dates. To the latter wo are indebted for copies of thc Charleston papers of Monday, from which wc make some ex? tracts; als* to Capt. Caldwell ,?>r late Georgia papers.* The important communication of our esteemed correspondent "De Rolf," from Greenville, has been received, with its ac? companying documents, but, wo regret, to say, too laic for this day's issue. Wo are grateful to him for this attention, and his communication and accompanying docu? ment:^ which arc of interest and impor? tance, will appear to-morrow. Tun ELECTION".-Tho election, to-day, should enlist tho interest of aU our citizens. There are many good names presented, and it is to oe hoped,that our fellow-citi? zens will make wise selection. Wc have already expressed our opinion iu relation to .the matter, and again we must express our hopa and trust that the ablest. and wisest men may be selected. The follow? ing is a list of the candidates. If we have omitted any*, it is from oversight: Eor the Senate-E. J. Arthur. House of Representatives-William Wal- _ luce, W. P." Geiger, John H. Kinslor, W. H. Talky, A. G. Baskin, W. K. Bachman, E. J. Scott, W. Shiver. Tin s:- ure ali good and true men, as wc arc wonjt to call them: but to-day wc are calle:; .-elect four of them, and our only hope i that our fcllow-citizeus may choose wisely and well. * Thj2 nolls for the city will bc opened at ;t iK".,k'?u m.: at Dr. Geiger's office, at which poll J^-C. .binney, H.P. Green and J. S. Leaphart will be managers. Thc upper polls will be held at Rich. Caldwell's. store-Messrs. lira. MeGuinnis, T. Boyne and J. S. Due managers. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS .-Atten ti on i.i call? ed to the following advertisements, which are pu! dished* for the iirst time this moan? ing: Browne A Schirmer-Com. Merchants. Davies & Co-Kew Variety Store Jacob Levin-Furnitare, etc. Lumsden A McGee-Codfish, et? George Chisolm-lieuse to Sell.or Rent. Richard Caldwell-Groceries, etc. Honson & Sutpheu-Saddles A Harness Muller A- Senn-Bagging, Rope A Flomv '. " -Locks, etc. FALSE ? APPEAIIXNC"ES.-The New York Sun warns its readers not to take the hectic flush of seeming pros? perity for the bloom of real personal or national hedtth. It, therefore, so? berly and wisely says: "The Government is in debt twen* ty-seven hundred millions of dollars, all contracted within the Jast fivo years. Every dollar of tAt debt, which ueors ir-t? '."est, ir. difilributed among tho people, and every tax? payer must bear a share of.the burden, according to the taxabh valuation of his property. It matt rs r>Af. how much of this interest is paid by arrect tax, or h?w much in the way of in? ternal revenue-ki one way or an other it all rests upon the people, and the country at large is just the said twen? ty-seven hundred million dollars poor? er than it would have been without war, to say nothing of the general wastage of resources, flow is it, then, that we are apparently riclfer, while in reality a great deal poorer, than before the rebellion? The truth is, that our present condition is unna? tural, baseless, transitory. The war created an artificial prosperity which, although well enough for individuals who 'made hay while the sun shone,'' was fictitious and unreal, so far as the country was concerned. " The corn crop in New Jersey has been the heaviest ever raised in that "State. This is the 'case generally, so that the corn crop of the country will more than supply any supposed de? ficiency in the wheat crop. - A gun with a bayonet attached to it is a^sharp-shooter.