Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBIA. Thursday Horning, October 5,1865. "9 Developing bar Resources. i The great question for the Southern people to eolye is, how can they host use their present means and ap? pliances to insure an adequate yield from their plantations and farms? We observe several articles in our Northern and Southern exchanges relative to the cultivation of Southern lands, and the all-important subject of labor. , Under the emancipation of the .'slaves of the South, so suddenly ac? complished, the planters and -farmers have found great difficulty in organiz? ing a safe and reliaiile system of labor. ' Th? system of contracts (the best that could be inaugurated* un?Vr the cir? cumstances) has not worked well,' . from the simple fact that neither race appreciates their nev/ relative posi? tions. Thc negro has been deluded with visions of "freedom," and, as may be daily witnessed on our streets and in the neighborhood of thc city, has arrived at thc conclusion that labor for the white man is in some degree degrading, and, therefore, not to be'thought of. We believe this question of labor to be tlie greatest question that now remains to be solved. We know that negrot are not capable of recognizing the obligations of contracts, and that, therefore, at the present time, the labor necessary to develop the re? sources of the South is very difficult to be obtained. Under the control and authority of the "Freedmen's Bureau," the attempt is being ho? nestly made to procure the requisite agricultural labor for the cultivation of Southern plantations; but even the Bureau itself, or its directors, must see that unless something bc done to compel the "freedmen" to respect and keep inviolate their con? tracts with their employers, the agri? cultural interests of the whole South? ern country mast suffer to a most lamentable extent. Wc hope and believe that Congress, in its wisdom and in the experience of its members from the States wherein emancipated labor is all we have to rely upon, will . enact some laws to compel thc freed? man to fulfill the provisions of any contract he may make. As this is thc most important, question we have now to deal with, we will recur to it and endeavor to aid in its solution. Thc Southern Slates. The following is the programme of the Southern States in the work of restoration and reconstruction: Virginia-Congressional and Legis? lative Election, Thursday, October 12. North Carolina-Delegate Election, September 21; Convention meets Oc? tober 2. Georgia-Delegate Election, Octo? ber 4; Convention meets October 25. Florida-Delegate Election October 10; Convention meets October 25. Alabama-Election in November. Mississippi-Election for all Statt Officers and Members of Congres.' October 2. Louisiana-Congrcssioiy.il and Lo gisl?tive Election in November. Texas-Election not yet ordered. Arkansas-Congressional and Le gislative Election October 9. .-- - KIRBY SMITH. -It is reported thc the Confederate General Smith ha been ordered to report at Washingto by the War Department, and that h is now en route from New Orleans fr that city. EMPLOYMENT FOB FREEDMEN.-\\ s ee it announced that a number ? Capitalist holding coal hinds on tl James River have applied to tl Freedman's Bureau for a "thousai workmen to labor in the mines wages." "As*. HAJITZ."-Major Geor McKnight, more familiarly.known newspaper readers during the war the above rurm dt guerre, has becoi .connected with the Newborn (N, i Times. We wish him success. > ?j ?, ac Telegraphic Tho regular transmission of tele? graphic news for the press we hope will soon he resumed, The .telegraph Unes are now under the control .of the Government, and it is stated that Major Eckert, Assistant Secretary of "War, has given permission in special^ cases for the regular, trans mission of press despatches- not dxce^ding one hundred words daily, but the privi? lege is not and cannot soon1 be gene? ral. The difficulty of re-opening telegraphic communications in the South appears to bc imperfectly un? derstood. "Many miles of wire and poles were down, no transportation could be had for repairs, animals could not be used for the lack of sub? sistence, and, in many instances, the repairing force was compelled to travel the entire length of thc line on foot, and carry all necessary tools and materials on their backs. The I extreme heat made this almost unen? durable. Besides this, it was not thought, advisable to repair any but i the main lines at Government ex- j pense, until affairs in the Southern States become settled and tlie rights j of property determined. . -?c-m . . THE FRENCH EXHIBITION. -The De- ' partment of State has published in pamphlet form the official correspon? dence on the subject of the French Universal Exhibition for 1867?forthe information of citizens of the United States, containing general regula? tions, classification of articles, &c. All applications for admission, with a description of the articles to be exhibited, must be presented before the 31st of October. N. M. Beck with, Esq., is the United States Com? missioner at Paris, to whom letters j should be addressed. FORT PULASKI.-One of the Sa van nah editors, lately visiting down tho j Savannah River, says Fort Pulaski, j with its frowning parapets lined with . tho savage dogs of war, is at present ' a place af Considerable interest, coil- ; taining within its battered, war-grim- I ed, historic walis, several distin- ? guished prisoners of the late Confede rate States. Among the prominent ; men now confined there are Gover- j nor Magrath, of South Carolina, G ' A Trenholm, late Secretary of the Treasury, D. L. Yulee, of Florida, ! Secretary Seddon, Judge Campbell, j jr?neral Mercer and others. MONTGOMERY COTTON MARKET.- I The Montgomery Mail says quite a i number of bales of thc staple changed iiands yesterday, the prices generally I ranging from 2S to 32 cents. One ! buyer told us, however, that lie had offered as high as 35 cents for fifty ' l?ales of a good article, but could not obtain them. ; SUSTAINING GOVERNOR PERRY.-The Washington correspondent of the ! Philadelphia Ledger gives the follow? ing hint to Tl. Greeley: The tone of the editorial in Wed- ; nesday's Tribune, upon Governor Perry's message, does not meet with favor at the White House, and this fact may as wei' be understood nt once; such is not the President's po? sition, as lie is represented ?is sustain? ing the Governor most heartily. - . . * It is said that tic President con? templates. * a visit to Wilmington, Charleston and other Southern ports before the meeting of Congress, if the pressure of official business does not prevent. The war debt of Alabama, which the Convention sining ?it Montgo? mery refused to repudiate, amounts to 82,000,000. It is held by citizens of that State, and forms no part of the Confederate debt proper. I Professor Lieber has. written a letter to Mr. Seward, suggesting that our difficulties with England be re? ferred for arbitration, not to a mo? narch, but to a board of learned jurists, as the law faculty of some European University-Heidelberg', j Leyden or Berlin. i ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the Engdilimta Sa jr. The English capitalista now visiting the United States ?io not think our national debt any great bugbear. Sit Morton Peto, in his speech afr Chioa go, said: , ''Go where wc would, during our journey here, from our first reception by the New ??ork and Erie, through the.oil fields, through Cincinnati and St. Louis, to your prairies, and the whole exceeds all your expectations. Thefe is a great future before your country. Many portions of Europe have been appalled at tho amount of debt "which jon have accumulated in a short space of time; but large as that is, the resources of your country, if properly applied by good states? men, such as I have nt my right, (Hon. L. Trumbul,) will, I am sure, ! with a fair and equitable di vision of taxes, soon clear you of thc burden j which war has placed upon yon.*' I A^ojker member of the party, Mr. Crossman, spoke thus^e, 1 "In the darkest times of your Union, if there had been a danger o? its going to pieces, a majority of the country would have lifted np their voices in a way you would have under stood. A majority of thc English hearts and hands were always in favor of the Union and this country. And let me ask you to remember one thing, and in all your discussions in future never forget it, that on two memorable occasions the Government of our people was applied to by the Emperor of the French to join in the recognition of the. Southern States, and on both occasions our Govern? ment, reflecting, sent back the an? swer, No. (Cheer after cheer.) And I trust that in the history of the past, you will allow the fact to weigh with yon, and remember that . whatevei may have been said by the press 01 by some of our statesman, yet so fai as the active policy of our country was concerned, it was in favor of jus tice, of you, and of the Union, and ] believe it vas from a sincere desire that America migh prosper and b< united." (Continued cheering.) GEN. LEEAJSD SON.-Tho Lexing ton (Va.) Gazette thus announces tin arrival of Gen. Robert E. Lee at tba town, preparatoiy to taking charge o Washington College : "On Monday last, (18th"inst.,) Gen Lee made his appearance on om streets. He had traveled across th? country from Cumberland County, ! hundred milos pr more, on horaebacl -arriving a day sooner than he wa expected, and taking our citizens bj surprise-not in the mode, but in th time, of his coming; for his style o locomotion "was already known and i perfectly in accordance with his quiet unostentatious way of doing things.: Wo also notice that, at a meeting o the Board of Regents of the Virgini Military Institute, ex-General, Custi Lee, son of Robert E. Lee, and foi nierly a member of Jeff. Davis' stall was elected to the professorship c Applied Mechanics and Military an Civil Engineering; and Major Blair another Confederate ex-o?ieer, wa chosen Professor of Natural Philosc phy._ OCR RELATIONS WITH-MEXICO.-i correspondent writing from Washing ton Cit}-, says he speaks authority tively in saying that the Presiden and Mr. Seward look upon the reeog nition of Mexico as ah oct perfect] legitimate in itself, aird which mus eventually hike place. This is witl out prejudice of the maintenance < tho Monroe Doctrine, with wliich th recognition of Mexico does not. irrte; fore, and will be assented toon thi occasion with more strength tha ever. . Tar. NEW YOKE REPUBLICAN Co: YEN710N.-Mr. Greeley telegraphs : follows to the Tribune, in regard 1 the Republican Convention at Hyn cuse: The platform i* timid and word; but it is better than the Democrat wherever they ditter. There was i the Convention a majority of at lea fifty professed Radicals, hut they lu no adhesion or discipline, and so we: seldom enabled to profit by the strength; allowed devotion to men overbear attachment to principles, a resolve had been in order, distinct affirming the right bf all the loy people of tho South to a voice in r organizing and Controlling their r spective State Governments, it won have been largely carried on a vo by yeas and nays. North Carolina. Episcopal Convention. TM? body, in session at Raleigh, has adopted a report. favoring union with the Episcopal Church ??orth, and elected delegates to the General Convention, which meets in Qatober," at Philadelphia. The following is the report of the committee: "The committee to' whom was re? ferred the part of the Bishop's ad? dress, which relates to the re-union of the Diocese ol North Carolina.-v?th the .Protestant Episcopal Churc? of the United States, havimg considered the subject laid before them, beg leave to report that, being anxious to maintain the nni*y of the Church i within the borders of the United j States, and remembering with satis i faction thc entire harmony which , formerly existed among the dioceses, ! i they have heard with gratification the sentiments expressedTby tho Bishop of this Diocese in regard to re-union, and have recoived with equal pleasure the cordial invitation wliich has been I extended by the presiding Bishop of j the Church in the United States to I the Bishops and ' Dioceses of the I South to return to their places in thc General Convention, therefore, Resolved, That the Diocese of North Carolina is prepared to resume her position as a Diocese, in connection I with the Protestant Episcopal Church j in the United States, whenever, in i the judgment of the Bishop, after consultation with the Bishops of the other Southern Dioceses, (which con? sultation he is requested to hold,) it shall be consistent with the good faith which she owes to the Dioceses with which she has been in union during the past four years. ' Resolved, That with a view to such contingency, there be four clerical and four lay deputies elected to repre? sent this Diocese in the ensuing Gen? eral Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. It also adopted a report to the effect that the whites should now aid the colored people in having separate churches, Sunday schools and preach? ers of their own color, andvthat these colored preachers should be fitted for such positions. 'SPEECH OF GRAND REPRESENTATIVE FITZHUGH, or VIRGINIA, AT THE ODD FELLOW'S CELEBRATION IN BALTIMORE. Grand Representative Fitzhugh, of Virginia, was then formally presented to thc audience, to whom he spoke as follows : "As my brother from Kentucky has asked, what should old Virginia say? I come before you this day with a proud and'a glad heart, d' have been kept away from you for four long, weary, dark years, but to-day I have been permitted to come up face to face 'with you, and to meet you in this hap? piest of movements from the North, hom the feouth, from the East and from the West, and to find that every man meets us with a welcome and a smile. Sir, wo wont out-whether we were right or whether we were wrong, it is not necessary now to de? cide-we went out with our whole hearts and we staid out as long as we could; but such has been the ordering of Providence that we have come back with all our heart and all our strength, and wo intend to stay with you forever. [Applause.] GENERAL GORDON.-General Gor? don, of Georgia, who so distinguished himsels in the campaign from the Wilderness to Appomattox Court House, is said t o be keeping a gro? cery store at Atlanta, Georgia. Keep? ing a grocery is both a useful and honorable occupation. ' We hope the general will be eminently successful. lt is not too much to say that in the campaign to which we have alluded, he pained more reputation than any other young officer in the Confederate anny. His record is fresh in the memory of our readers. It, how? ever, may not be generally known that when General Lee, afterfthe battle of Spotsylvania, was attacked with dys? entery, which threatened to disqualify him for field service, and the necessity of looking for a successor was con? templated, General Gordon was be? lieved to be the choice of the army to take bis place and responsibilities. General Gordon's farewell address to his troops, delivered from the saddle, after the surrender at Appomattox, was listened to with respect and in? terest by thousands of Union as well as Confederate troops. [Richmond Tinvs. The extent of the bituminous coal? field surrounding Pittsburg, is fifteen thousand square miles, or eight mil? lion six hundred thousand acres. Local Items. "Cotton Blanks" ?nd pemita-maispem sabffeto all persons purchasing or shipping cotton-can bo obtained at %is office. EMT^OTMEKT.-Eight or ten good print erVcin obtain eniploymentyin thia office, daring the approaching session of thc Legislature. '_^^^^i_ CASH.-We wisl#it distinctly understood that oar ternis for subscription, advertising anft Job^vork are cash. Tho money must in ovary case-accompany orders, or they ici? not bc attended to. This ride applies to alb Wm. H. 'Prescott, Esq., passed through this city, yesterday, on his way to Wash? ington, having been appointed Executive Agent of thc State. Persons having busi? ness transactions with bim, will direct their communications to "Willard's Hotel, Wash? ington." THE CAITUKR AND DESTRUCTION OF THK CITT OF COLUMBIA, S. C.-Originally Pub ished in the Columbia Phoenix-Revised and Corrected by. the Author.-About the middle of October, the above work will be issued from the press vf tho Columbia Phoenix-printed with new typo and on fine . paper. Persons desiring copies are re? quested to give their names as early as possible/ Single copies will be furnished at $1. " The trade supplied at a discount. NORTHERN PERIODICALS.-We have, re? ceived from Townsend & North a copy of Harper's Weekly, for Saturday last, and Harper's Xe>n Monthly Magazine, for Octo? ber. Tins lin? also receives, and has for sale, tho New York Albion, a paper which had in former times quito . a number of subscribers in Columbia, who wiU bo glad to renow their acquaintance with that jour? nal. They also regularly receive Godey's Laity's Rook. Mr. North deserves great credit for supplying our. people with their old literary favorites. FREEDMEN'S . INTELLIGENCE OFFICE.-It has beeu suggested to us-and wc think the suggestion worthy* of consideration that an "Intelligence Office" be establi?h cd in .tins city, for the purpose of hiring labor or sorvi :e. It would be of great ad? vantage .to both employers and employees, and would facilitate very much the ope? rations between thc two parties. The office might be established by pri? vate enterprise, under thc sanction of General Ely, the Chief of the Freedmen's Bureau at this Poxt, or it might bo created under the direct control and management of the Bureau itself, so long as it has the care of our colored people. - Those desir? ing employment would go to the "Intelli? gence Office? and register their names, and the particular service or labor they were desirous or competent to perform, whilst those seeking to hire would make applica? tion to the same office. Wc believe such (an institution would be. highly beneficial, and we, therefore, respectfully suggest to the officer of the Bureau, at this Post, to take the matter into consideration. . KEW ADVERTISEMENTS.-Attention is call? ed to tho following advertisements, which are published for th? first time this mora? ng: Shiver *>: Beckham-Dry Goods, Ac. Dr. Wm. Reynolds-Cottage for Sale. Zimmerman Davis-Com. Merchants. J. G. Gibbes-New Flour. Apply at this Office-Wagon for Camden, Darbee <.V Walter-Tinware, Ac. Lumsden A McGee-Groceries, ?rc. People's Line of Steamers. FREEDMEN'S BUREAU.-The Bureau lins received an official report from Dr. M. K. Hogan, Surgeon-in-Cliief of the Freedmen's Bureau in North Carolina. He had personally visited and inspected tue camps, barracks, hospitals, &c., at Beaufort, Newbern and Roanoke Island. There ?ixe two settlements near Newbern. "Trent settlement" con? tains about five thousand freedmen; is pretty well located across tin? Trent river from Newbern; is built as a town, with streets, Aro. There are only about eleven hundred receiving Government rations. On Roanoke Island there are about thirty-five hundred ; twenty-two hun ir?d of whom aro receiving rations, being under fourteen, years of age. Near Beaufort there are two small settlements, named respectively New Town and Hammacks, containing 'rom three to five hundred persons. Surgeon Hogan says that, as a general thing, the people live in good ?omfort. ble log houses, but ti large ?ortion of those residing nea. New >eru and on Roanoke Island are suf ering from the various forms of ntermittent and remittent fevers, [be only medical attendance the peo de in the several localities havo ever eceived has been that casually, but ntirely inadequate, supplied by the aedical officers stationed near by. 'our medica] officers to attend to hose people have been telegraphed >r, and will bc forwarded by the ur eau.