Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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' COLUMBIA. Thurs??y Morning, Sept. 7,1865. How We Should Wot?t Tho people who refuse to recognize Necessity as a duty, will bo-compelled to receive Necessity1!? a fate. This is the law, written ?in .all human expe? rience, for six thousand* years. To re? ject the duty is to incur the doom. Necessity comes to us first as a coun? sellor, a friend, a monitor, a persuader aniV beguiler. In these aspects, ste would guide and succor. Denied tho exercise of her? gentlor attributes, scorned and forbidden, she arms her? self with terrors, and holds over us the, scourge. The sins of omission, especially, on the port of the people, are those which God punisiies through tho fate, Necessity. The nou-user of our individual endowments, the re? fusal to'dtvelop, to full use, tho mate? rial possessions, privileges and oppor? tunities, accorded to us, are among the greatest offences against the law; in? asmuch as we are set to live in life for tho two great objects, viz: tho deve? lopment of all the capacities Of the soid, mind, and body, in correspon? dence with each individual endow? ment, and through these we are re? quired, in like manner, to develop all - the capacities of the soul and the sub? ject races allotted to our keeping. Upon this development of our owr nature and natural susceptibilities depends our own growth to manhood In the application of our faculties, foi the improvement of all things accord ed to our trust, hes tho only guaranty for our continued possession of them We have only to apply the potentially expressed lessons of the Scripture The miserable wretch who brought ii no interest upon the talent kmnr( him, was deprived of it; and it wa given to him who had shown himsc] capable of putting it to good interest The trco that brought forth no fruit was cut down and cast into the fire The penal law, embodied in the fate .the stern necessity scornfully demand of such-"Why cumbereth it th .ground?" If we apply these maxims we shall readily see how and why th gentle monitor, at first; the persuasiv force-a friend, a teacher-is mad finally to put on the aspects of th inexorable judge, scourge in hanc gand goading the offender or the reci Bant with the scourge. We have nov as a people, to put ourselves rectus i curia-to find out the work which : proper to our hands, and proceed t its execution. Tho rule is easy-fin out what yotrare good for, and do i and seek to do nothing else, af a events, until this one task is finishe< No prayer, no plea, will avail for safet -no religious rite or ceremonial until this law is complied with; an to him who honestly addresses himse to the inquiry, who seeks to lean and prays to know, what are his a] pointed tasks, there can bo no possib difficulty in discovering what they ar The beginning of honest search is, ; itself, the beginning of discover Right resolve, in right working, is tl foundation of all religion which worth a farthing. As individuals, \ have to institute a close self-examin tion under this law; so shall we so< discover whether we shall till the s< . or cultivate thc soul-whether wo c: rightfully undertako*the professiot or, modestly content with being t. things we really are, we address or selves, in the obscurer walks of Iii . to the simple tasks of labor, having contemplation the proper ends of t. -the comfortable home, the happy j mily, the education of our young, a: the purity and weU-bjsing of our ii mediate precincts; for upon their we being and purjty must depend o own secu^jties. As a people, we ha a vast, a nobl? and a wondrous wc before us, in tho development of the resources of this noble old Sta What vast varieties of soil and surfi and situation; what susseptibilit for production and cultivation* wi ? noble forests for range and structure; what admirable rock and marble f?r art to uprear into grand edifices of strength and beauty; what treasures of metals and minerals close hidden in the earth; what fruits, what flow? ers; a genial climate; mild seasons, and blessing airs. And all depending, for development, upon ?he degree in which we sholl prove ourselves indi? vidually useful. To be useful is the first 4 great beauty, es it is tho first duty, of human life. Thc Election. It is grateful to see that tho people have not been unmindful of the ser? vices of those who exposed lifo and limb for them in the late fierce and sanguinary struggle. All were in the war from the beginning to the end, except Col. Taylor, who, however, raised two companies, and was only" driven from the field by failing health. Gen. Hampton's brilliant career was illustrated by dangorous wounds, and Col. Wallace was twice wounded; while tho gallant McMastcr was se? verely wounded. It is quite gratify? ing to know that these military gen? tlemen will bring to the Convention ability and intelligcuice adequate tc the discharge of the very important duties which will devolve upon them. * CAROLINA. Mn. EDITOR: The writer of tho "Ad dress to the People of Fairfield Dis tr?et" has touched, in a cursory way or at the conclusion of tho article, 01 a subject which will probably b< among the first which the Conventioi will take up at its approaching session Tho President having intimated to i his expectation that its first act will b to amend the Constitution, so a* t ! provide for the abrogation of slavery it is to be hoped that this august bod; j will not b?in any unnecessary hurr on this subject, but will, before con plying with this quasi behest, have tb firmness to demand and stipulate ft 1 some indemnity for the sacrifice whic ] the State is thus called on to make#c I an institution to which it owes s I much-which was a source of securit in peace and of strength in war. "V\ do not mean, Mr. Editor, to open ol wounds, or vindicate the doomed ii stitution of slavery, but merely ava ourselves of your columns to exprei a hope that the Convention will mal a proper and a prompt move on th subject; will also .seek to obtain fro the Government some provision f< the maintenance, during the approacl ing winter, of the host of.paupe whom it has thrown upon the ham and the charities of the State. An i sistance, by the Government, on i unconditional emancipation of the who laboring population of tho South, w be to convert what was intended as boon to the negroes and a triumph humanity into a wholoq|fe spoliation one people by another^f which the is no parallel in the history of natioi while the throwing of four minions slaves out of employment, who a without property, without trades professions of any kind, has sudden created amass of pauperism, vagran and misery, which, as the delibtrs act of a civilized Government, equally Avithout example in the aunt of the world. An exemption of t abolitionized States for a term of yes from Federal taxation, or from t payment of import duties on the ai cits most consumed by, or most nee sary to, our agricultural populatk or, lastly, the adoption by the Govei ment of the Con federate debt, as 1 been suggested by yourself, Mr. I itor, which could bo provided for a paid off in a very few years, are measures within the competence the Government, and which we tn that the Convention will submit to attention, and urgently appeal to it adopt and carry out. In time of war, the slaves formet non-combative and laboring class, w produced in abundance the means supporting our armies; and duri peace, afforded to their owners opp tunities for acquiring thfe accompli ments Of the marksman, the kardibu of the huntsman, and the comm: of the martial horse, who, "with neck clothed in thunder," bore hin battle, or slept beside him in his tt Slavery existed in nearly all of Northern States, during tho revt tionary war, and England felt, w ont recognizing, tho influence of institution, in the obstinacy, tho i traction of the contest, and the ret ance she so unexpectedly met v from "undisciplined militia." JUSTUS: Elective Franchise. MAINE.-The right to vote may be exercised by any citizen of the United States who has resided in the State thrr months, and is not a pauper or Griminal. NEW HAMPSHIRE.-Tax-paying male citizens, twenty-one years old, are voters. VERMONT,-The privilege of votiag is exercised by* every. good citizen of the United States wno has resided in the State one year. Each voter is swf>rn to cast his vote for the interest of thc commonwealth, as he believes them to be. MASSACHUSETTS.-The privilege of I voting is enjoyed by every male citi ! zen, twenty-one years of age, not a pauper or imbecile. Ho must have resided in the State one year, and six memths in the town or district where he^l laims his suffrage, and must not bo indebted to the State on account of taxes. Foreigners must be citizens two years before they vote. RHODE ISLAND.-Thc privilege of voting is permitted to citizens of twenty-one years, residents of the State one year, and of their voting district six months. Each voter must own real estate to the amount of one hundred and thirty-four dollars, or must be a native-born citizen of two years residence in the State, register? ed seven days, and a tax-payer of one dollar per annum. CONNECTICUT.--Every white male ci? tizen of twenty-one years, and of good character, a resident of the State for one year, and of his voting district six months, is entitled to vote. He must first take an oath prescribed by law, and be able to read any section of thc United States or Connecticut Consti? tution. 1 NEW YORK.-The right to vote if held by every white male eftizen whe has resided in thc State one year, ii the county four months, and thirty days in his voting district. Coloree persons must bfi residents three years and ?>wn a freehold estate of 6250 taxes paid. NEW JERSEY.-The elective frail chise is common to all white mah citizens, resident one year in th? State, and five months in a votini district, provided they are notineligi bio to special provisions. PENNSYLVANIA.-The right to vote i held by every white male citizei twenty-one years old. He must hav resided in the State one year, and ii his voting district ten days proviou to election. Unless under twenty-on years of age. he must have paid State or County tax within two yean Omo.-The right to vote is poi sessed by every citizen twenty-on yunrs of age, who has resided in th State one year, and in an election dil trict a specified timer INDIANA.-The elective franchise i possessed by all white citizens twenty one years old, who have resided in th State six months. Foreigners ca vote if they have resided in the Stat six months, and declared their intel tion to become citizens. ILLINOIS.-Suffrage is exercised b white ^citizens twenty-one years ol< resident of the State one year. MICHIGAN.-The privilege of votin is common to all white citizens twei ty-one years old, resident in the Stat three months, and ten days in a towi ship or ward. Foreigners residei two years and a half, who have d dared their intentions to become cit zens, may vote without being natura ized. * IOWA.-Thc elective franchise common to all free white males twe: ty-one years old, who have resided : the State six months, and in tl County where they vote twenty day MISSOURI.-The privilege of votii is extended, to all free white male Foreigners who have resided in tl State one year after declaring the intention to become citizens, are i lowed to vote. % ? CALIFORNIA.-The elective franchi is extended to all free white mal twenty-one years old, resident of t: State six months, and of an electoi district or county thirty days. ' MINNESOTA.-Franchise extended all white male inhabitants twenty-o years old, resident in tho State fo months previous to election. F< eignere who have declared their int tion to become citizens, and who ha been residents of the United Sta1 four months, are allowedtu vote. OREGON.-The right of shift-age extended to every white male twenl one years old, who has resided-in t State six months previous to an el tion. If of foreign birth, a voter required to have resided one year the United States, and to liave ? clared his intention to become a c: zen one yesar preceding election, negro, Chinaman or mulatto, is lowed to vote. We have no means at hand to fi nish the laws of the States admit since Oregon. In the Southern States suffrage was exercised as fofiow s: DEL AWAKE.-The right of .suffrage is exercised by all free white nyde citizens, residents fer one year of the State, and one month in the county, who have paid a county tax within two years. ? MAKYLANI).-The right of suffrage may be exercised by every white male citizen twenty-one years old, who hts resided a year in the Stifte, and tax months in the county where he would vote. VntoiNiA.-:The right to vote is shared by all white male citizens resi? dent in the State two years; and in a voting di st vic t one year before election. Votes are not given by written ballots, but by the voice in acclamation, unless in case of dumb persons. NORTH CAROLINA.-The elective franchise is shared by all free white males twenty-one years old, who pay taxes. Tho privilege of voting for Senators is restricted to owners of free? hold property, comprising fifty acres. SOUTH CAROLINA.-Tho elective franchiso may be exercised by free white male citizens, residents of the State two years. Every voter must own fifty acresof land, or a town lot, or pay taxes in his election district. GEORGIA.-Thc privilege is enjoyed by white male citizens twenty-one years old, who have resided six^ months in the county where they vote, and paid taxes according to law. i KENTUCKY.-Every free white male citizen, twenty-one years old, resident of the State two years, of his county one year, and election precinct sixty days, is entitled to vote. TENNESSEE.-The right to vote is held by every free white male, twenty one years old, who is a citizen and resident of his county six months. Male adults of color, who are allowed to be witnesses, also possess the right of suffrage. LOUISIANA.-The qualified voteft} of the State consist of free white citi? zens, twenty-one years old, resident of thc State a year, and of their parish six mouths. A voter who removes from one parish to another, its alloted to vote in the former till he becomes 'qualifiedin the latter. MISSISSIPPI. -^-Suffrage is extended to all free white citizens twenty-one years old, resident of tho State ono year, and of the county four months. An elector who temporarily removes to another district may vote in such district. ALABAMA.-The right to vote is held by all white citizens twenty-one years old, resident in the State a year^and in a voting district three months. MISSOURI.-The elective franchise is open to all free white citizens twen? ty-one years old, resident in tho Stato a year, and in the county or district three months. ARKANSAS.-The right to vote is ex? ercised by free white citizens twenty one years old, residents of the State six months, and of the county in which they reside at thc time of election. FLORIDA.-The elective franchise may be exercised by all white citizens twenty-one years old, resident in the State two years, and of a county six months, who arc enrolled in the militia. TEXAS.-The right to vote.is al? lowed to free white males twenty-one years old, who were citizens of Texas at the time its State Constitution was adopted, and ??'.'ho have resided in the State a year, and in their voting dis? trict six months previous to election. If an election happens in dfcother County, within his own District, he may vote for District officers. An elector may vote for State officers wherever he may find himself at elec? tion time. How TO COMPUTE THE INCOME TAX. Since the publication of tho income tax hst there has been considerable discussion as to the rate of taxation and the amount of the incomes oj those whose names appear in the list. Some persons who have not read the law suppose that five per cent, is the rate assessed upon all incomes, with? out regard to the amount. This is incorrect. The law requires that all incomes over six hundred, and not exceeding five thousand dollars, shall bo taxed at the rate -of five per cent, and the excess over five thousand at the rate o* ten per cent. If an indi? vidual's income be five thousand dol? lars per annum, the six hundred dol? lars exempted by law is deducted, and the remaining forty-four hundred assessed at tho rate of five per cent. If the income be ten thousand dollars, the rato -will be five per cent, on forty four hundred, and ten per cent, on the remaining five thousand dollars. [Ballimore American. A daily train is run on the North? eastern Railroad to connect with thc trains of tho wilmington and Man? chester Road at Florence, 3. C. Xiooal It?rais. TO insure insertion, advertisers are re? quested to hand in their no ticca before 4 o'clock p. m. . MEDICAL STORE_Our readers will see, from the advertisement, that Dr.* C. H. Miot, has re-opened a drug and medical' storo in Columbia. He' is an expert in the business, having been engaged in it for eighteen years m this cits, we cordially ennmend him to the patronage of the good citizens of Columbia. Messrs. Shelton, Calvo & Walsh advertise a choice, and varied stock of goods to-day. The taste, discrimination and promptness ? exhibited by this fixm in worthy of commen? dation. They were among the very firpt of* our business houses to commence opera? tions after tho fire, and have been pushing along to nuc?? an extent that their stock now zs ss .complete as any in thia section. Give them a call. By reference to. our advertising columns, it will bc seen that two of our young fellow citizens, Messrs. J. ?F. Speck and Jacob Polock, havo opened a commission house, and have on hand a freahjrtock of desirable goods. These gentlemen pYomise to devote their personal attention to business, and we have no doubt will give perfect* satisfaction to their patrons. THE CONVENTION. - As^beproceedings of thc Convention may be expected to bs of absorbing interest to all persons in the State, and as the Phoenix will make daily reports of its progress and thc results from it, besides publishing in full thc new Con? stitution the moment it shall be ratified, it will be well that persons desiring to sub? scribo should do so in due senKon. In the - present scarcity and cost of printing paper, publishers cannot venture to print upon a mere speculative or possible demand. We ?hall publish but a few more copies than' will suffice for our customers, and unless they come forward promptly, they may find themselves too late for the supply. BUILDING AND BUSINESS IN COIXMUIA. The work of renovation in .Columbia goes bravely on. Tho buildings go daily and boldly up-such as they are. They spring up in a nittht, like thc prophet's gourd, and some of them are not much larger. Still they are welcome shows and sights, as pro? mising for that day of better things, when, through a brave spirit and noble energies* our people, recovered from their overthrow, shall convert their bricks to marble-their cabins into strongholds and castles. And. the shops daily increase. The young ad? venturers hang out their banners from every street, and through tracts of rain, you occasionally meet with a quetr little tem pife dedicated to the disposition of .blue ruin. Thc soul of tho Gascon walks the ruins undismayed. There need be no fear that supplies will be wanting to thc commu? nity, whatever tho' extent of the crowd which shall appear next week. Our shop? keepers are preparing for them. See the advertisements in the Phoenix of all tho?? sensible merchants-of Zealv, Scott, Brana, Cohen-father and son-Gibbes, Clarko, Simons, Kerrison, Jackson, Moise, Bates, H. Solomon, A. L. Solomon, Jenkins, Cantwell, Kenneth & Gibson, Muller A Sonn and others who, through our cofamna, speak daily in trumpet tones to all the tastes, thirst, in? stincts and appetites of the race-giving ample assurances against famine and fast? ing, if not against tho cholera. New ADVERTISEMENTS.-Attention is called to the following advertisements, which are published for the first time this morning'! M. Brennan-Attention'Emmet Guards. A. It. Phillips-Auction Sale. Durbec & Walter-Auction Sale. Speck A Polock-Commission Merchants. Daniel Crawford-Commission Merchant. M. Ehrlich-Boots, Shoes, Ac. James M. Daly-Watches, Jewelry, Ac. Pollard's Variety Store-Choice Arrivals. " " " -Spectacles. " " " -Fishing Tackling " -Hats. Shelton, Calvo A Walsh-New Goods. Dr. C. H. Miot-Drugs, Chemicals, Ac. R. Wearn-Photographic Artist. . THE WAE IN PARAGUAY.-Little Paraguay, however, ia making a most heroic fight to save herself from ex? tinction as an independent State, and, as the struggle stands, the issue i* doubtful. Brazil, it appears, haa humbugged all the petty independent # States below in an aetive alliance with herself, oran advantageous neutrality; so that little Paraguay is fighting the fight of republicanism against im? perialism in South America, not only single-handed in repelling Brazil, but with other States which .ought to be the active allies of Paraguay os in a ' common cause. Our sympathies are naturally with the heroic little repub- ? _, lie aga i u st the overshadowing mon? archy; for this is the war of ideas which wo have successfully just fought through in another shape. [New York Hernld, 30/A ult. ARREST OP BISHOP LAY.-Bishop '< Lay, of the Episcopal Church, waa arrested on Thursday last, at his home in Lincolnton, by United States officers scuff or that purpose, and on Thursday passed through this place, under guard for Washington. Bishop Lay was the Bishop of Ar? kansas, but has boen temporarily re? siding at Lincoluton, North Carolina, for some month* past. The canse of his arrest is unknown to all except the authorities. [Charlotte(N. C. j Democrat. Z*)th-ulk