Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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C(TL?MB?A._ Friday Morning, Sept. 1, 1865. Letters u? Slavery. A Mississippian, signing himse "Glemenf," has begun a series of lei tors addressed to Henry Ward Beeehci in defence of negro slavery, in whic ho puts his propositions pertinent! and with force. Wo have marked eei tain passages for extract, which th reader will find elsewhere in our co] umns. We shall probably confin ourselves to this single specimen The further discussion of the subjec may well be considered idle-a gratui tous waste of time, temper, thought good capital, better employed in an; other province. Negro slavery is a legitimate iii morals this day as it wa fifty or a hundred years ago, whei Old and New England equally mad their probt out of it. All that w< 'need to say to these parties is that the; are bound by every principle of mor als to refund us the. money which w< paid them for the properly which the; now confess to have been stolen. Am there we may let the matter rest, sat isfied, at all events, to make tho de maud without the slightest notion tba their tenderness of conscience wil prompt them to make honest restitu? tion of our money !. Be it sb ! Yot may rest assured of this, that so long as the vanity, the self-esteem and th? cupidity of the factions, improperly called fanatical, find their capital in making the subject of negro slavery their hobby, just so long will they pursue this, interest, regardless of all right, all law, all argument, and thc dicta equally of God and man. They will pursue the institut;< n to the death in Brazil and Cuba, until they have converted everywhere the compara? tively useful and moral slave into the licentious and worthless freedman. They do nut care fer the consequences, nor regard for one instant, tho peace of tho white man, or the comfort and safety of the negro. In his State of bondage, the negro was protected by h?3 very boncb. Occupying bia pro? per position as an inferior, ho pro? voked no hostility. Elevated beyond his morals and his intellect, z.zd chal . lenging the contest with the superior race, ac au equal, he is doomed, lik6 the red ma::,.to perish from before it. . But ail this has been already said a thousand times, and when argument was permitted without thc interven? tion of the sword. .Why argue now in defence of negro slp"very, when, in order to attain the objects of passion and faction, the Northern people sac? rifice all the securities of their own liberty, and deliberately deny, defy, set at nought, and fight against, the very principles upon which the Re? public planted itself, when it shook off the despotic rule cf England. Can we hope that they will consider any peculiar interest of the South, when, in order to punish the South, for dar? ing to assert its independence, the.v blindly surrender their own to the will of a single man, and behold th--- hourly subversion of their most cherished so? cial and State maxims. We are not astonished at any of these things. Hhs it not been the experience of the nations for six thousand years ? AU the confederacies of the world have been broken up by what is briefly call? ed "Centralism," or "Centralization," which is simply tho concentration of thc whole power of the confederacy in few bands, in certain tribes or States, in the blended efforts t>f certain pow? erful States, against thc feebler; and especially in thc aggressive nature of commercial comm unities operating against the agricultural and the re? mote. But this, though incidental to what we have been saying, involves much greater length of argument than our spaee will admit. Enough that abolitionism has' been tim sole cause of til", uar; of our ruin; ot the ultimate ruin of tho North itself,.and the de? struction of that last hope lor mortal confederacies which lay in the reserved sovereignty of the several members of the Confederacy. These, with their securities, ure now all gone-are now reduced to mere municipalities; petty corporations, under th? rule of a vast and powerful consolidated empire. The State,, tho people, the institu? tions, tiie interests-havo nothing be fore them but to submit to what seems a destiny. It is but a vain thing to assume that any human societies, hereafter, can ever conceive any pro? ject or scheme for preserving small States from tho aggressions of the greater. For these wo must adopt the fate maxim? of the Turk-much used by the Christian when engaged in any crusade requiring the sword "Deus vulC "It is the will of God ! So bo it! Let us submit, with what ? resignation wo muy, and forget all cur 1 vain dreams of the .Republic. I Thc Trial of Wiri-'- Fourth Hay. The Judge Advocate asked that the prisoner plead. Mr. Sehnde said he was the only counsel now for tho accused. Those who had been his counsel liad tho case in hand for several week;-;, and the Court knew why they dropped it. The President (Gen. Wallace) said the Court did not know, and it was unnecessary for them to know. Mr. Schade continued: He was an adopted citizen, us well a.; Iiis client, and he could not, as Messrs. Hughes, Denver and Peck had doue, desert the accused. He believed lie was inno? cent. To leave him now wordd be to dishonor his profession. He was satis? fied of his inability to cope with the brilliant array of talent on the other .shle. He would, therefore, respect? fully ask for eight days, that the de? fendant might select additional coun? sel, and they have time to investigate the charges against the. accused, tie believed the Commission were dis? posed to give the accused a fair trial -that was all he asked. The Judge Advente thought the counsel hud sufficient time to arrange for trial. He had been associated with the other counsel. Tlieprisouei should at least plead, and the case bu brought to an issue; then, if thc Court deemed il proper to grant far? ther time, that the defence might pre? pare for a cross examination, he would not object. Mr. Schade appealed to the gene? rosity of the Court. If be mid-' mis? takes in tho course of tho trial, tiiev might spoil tho cas-a He could not. like the Judge Advocate, in such ai instance, har" n pow behind him U dissolve the Court, and tons fix uj matters. He would, therefore, re spectrally insist upon time bein; given. The President replied that the Cour had decided that the prisoner bo re quired to plead immediately. Wir/, then pleaded that he had beei previously arraigned on tho nam I charge before a Military Commis;;!OJ on the 213?instant, his hie -md hoert; imoci-iiled, and that that Comraissio: na? boen dissolved and broken up that his life and liberty cannot, by th laws of tho country, be jeopardized . second time. He further states that he had con: plied with tho terms of the conven tion between Sherman and Johnston and was even now willing to renew hi obligation in writing. Mr. Schade said he would not dh cuss th6 pleas now, but let them g over to the.final argument. The -Judge Advocate granted th; they could all go over but the plea t the jurisdiction, which should be di cided now. I The counsel then agreed to waive tl pleas, and put in a plea of not guilt} if thc Court would consent that ti I pleas should go over to the final argi ment. I The Judge Advocate moved that ti pleas, except the one as to jurisdi tion, be overruled, and argued tin there were but four questions ii volved, (excepting the one of jurisdi tion:) 1st. The vagueness and indei niteness of charges and specification vjjhich he would leave with the Cou to disperse of. 2d. The idea of boil once arraigned and his life jeopa dm d, and that he could not be plac? on trial on the same charges agar He would simply read a letter fro the Chief of tho Bureau of Militai Jm tice, Judge Holt, who decided th a party has not been tried until ii acquittal or conviction has been fe mally announced. As to the plea personal liberty being promised 1 Capt. Noyes, it was not valid, as Ge Wilson knew nothing of the partie lars of the affair, lt was his duty annul a pledge after a discovery of tl I crime! charged on the prisoner. Sui j erimos'eould only be absolved by il j .special pardon of the Executive. Mr. linker pleaded that the accus j was an b'ipjble servant under t orders of his superiors, and (amid n justly be held accountable for what had done. Mr. Baker spoke at soi length in defence of the accused reply to the argument of tho Jud Advocate. Tho Court overruled all tho plei except the one as to jurisdiction n yet argued. A plea of "not guilty" to all : charges WUK mad?. Col1 Chipman * h IP -i..-rr-n- ? "' 11 ?I i 'il' Eg BBglg offered in evidence a letter from Wirz to Gen. Wilson, asking" protection. Tho letter admits the mortality of the prisoners at Audersonvillo and their sneerings, but states that it was owing to inadequacy of suppli?s, etc., and states that'ho (Wirz) way not respon? sible for it. Ce!. S. C. Gibbes was examined as to thc number of prisoners, etc., at Andcrsonville. Ho stated tho prison was built o? hewn timber; the dead lin? ran parallel with tho-stockade, and at a distuneo of about twenty feet; the prisoners were badly oft' for clothing-, and badly oft for shelter; accused told witness bid.ween twelve and fourteen thousand lau! died; seve? ral batteries were posted around the prison, two with gun- ..niuo' with twelve-] ? mud howitzers a nd six-p< ?und guns; the accused informed him that there were thirty-three thousand pri? soners there confined. The accused was there on duty, ex? cept, perhaps, a few days sickness, for six months, to thc knowledge of witness; there was food enough for prisoners; did not know that they got what the accused drew foi* thom; taunt, corn meal, peas, molasses and Hour wore issued.to tho hospital; did not know when the dead-line- was esta? blished; iii;l not know of ( 'a;if. Wirz shooting any prisoners; a nurse was put in thc stocks by- order of Capt. Wir/.; printed orders were in tia- pri? son, signed by Capt . Wirz, to shoot those who passed the dead line. Dr. John C. Dates. Acting Assistant Surgeon at Andcrsonville, was exam? ined; lie slated that the prison was in a very filthy condition. Gangrene, scurvy and dropsy were very ir. ?plant, f Tho Court adjourned. Hcu???2*rs Assisi a i: t Commiiuinnerii, AXI? AEAMX'CNKI? LAICO.-., SOTTII , CAUOUNA. Gr.OKGtA AX1> 'fl.<Uti 1 ' \. Beaufort. S. C.. August W. Ib??. Cire? 'ar No. il. To tlie Fi'eediiifii of South Carolina, Georgia and Fiorid.i: In entering upon thal portion br ruy duly which relates t > your wol? lare, I deem it proper to a.hires.; b? j you a fe A' words ot" colins?'!. ' By i 1 u . I hlmaneipation Proclamation of t'rosi and th?*, will of God. you have b.-.eii declared''forever free." At thc out? set of your new career, it. is import? ant that you should waders! md s. ?ne o? tile dut jeu and ft apo nobilities of I tYeednien. 5four iivst dut/ in to go Lo ' work at whatever honest labor your bauds caa fiad to do and provide food, cJoihi?g and sheller for your families Sear io mind Limb a ratio who will nob work should not CM ?.] IOW?CI to eas. Laocr is ennobling to j brings to thc laborer all the comforts i and luxuries of life, The only argu? ment lei" to rho.-.-.-, who would keep ! you in slavery ?, that iii freedom yon I will not work; that the lash is neces? sary to drive you io tim cotton and rice fields; that these fair lands which you have cultivated ><> many years in , slavery will now be I; ft- desolate. On the sea islands of South ( -arohna, Geor? gia und Florida, where your brethren have been free fur three years, they have nobly :-hown how much better they can work in freedom. Over forty thousand aro now ? ngaged in cultivating the soil, their children ar?: being educated, and they are self-sus? taining, happy ami free. Some, are working for wages, others are culti? vating the hind OD shares-giving one half to the ow ners. The Agent.-- of tho Tr? cdiueu's Bu? reau will aid you in making contracts to work for fair wages for your former masters or ethers who may desire to hire you, or will locate you on sinai] farms of forty aeres, winch you can hiro'at an easy rent, with an oppor? tunity to purchase at low rates any . time within ch1 vu years. These are I splendid opportunities. Freedmen, I let not a day pass eve you lind some work for your halals to ?b>. and do il with all your might. Plough and plant, dig ami hoe. cut and gather in the harvest. Lei it be seen thal when in slavery there was raisqd a blade, oj eora or a pound of cotton, in freedom there will 1K> two. Be peaceful and honest. Falsehood and theft should not bc found in fivo<!oni; they are thc vices of slavery. Koop in good faith all your contra?is and agreements, remembering always that you are a slave no longer. While guarding care? fully your own riebt-, be as careful noMo violate your neighbor's. ".Tm j unto othersas you would 'hey should do unto you."' ' , lu eases where you feel you haw boenwrocgedj.it is neither wiso HOI expedient to take redress into yo tu ? own bunds, bnt leave the matter to bi I settled by three impartial ft ?ends o? both parties. In cases of difficulty between white men and yourselves, you shonld appeal to ono of the Agente of this Bureau in your vicinity, whe may appoint ono referee, the oth^er ] party oue, anil you should appoint a third, and the decision' of the ma jority should be considered final. By this easy mode of settling difficulties, much trouble may be avoided. In slavery you only thought of to? day. Haring nothing to hope for beyond the present, you did not think of the future, but, like the ox and horse, thought only Of the food and work for tho day. In freedom, you must have an eye to the future, and have a plan and object in life. Decide now what you arc to do next year where you are to plant in the spring and how mud)-and in th? autumn and winter prepare your hind and n ut nure for the eutly spring planting. After being sure that you have planted suf? ficient corn ?md potatoes for food, then put in all the cotton and rice you eur., for these are the crops which will pay the best. Bear in mind that mit? ton is a regal plant, and the more carefully it is cultivated, the grenier will be the ero]). Let the world see ere long the fields of S nth Carolina, Georgia and Florida white with this important staple, cultivated by tree labor. lu slavery, the domestic relations of mau and wife were generally disre? garded. Virtue, purity und honor among men and women were noi re? quired Ol' expected. All this must cluing'.' now that you are free. Tin: domestic altar must bc held sacred, and with jealous can? mus; you guard the purity of a wife, asisb rora 'ian-li? ter, and the betrayer of their honor should bc punished, and in ld up to universal condemnation. Tonare ad? vised to study, in church and oui . :' it, the rules of the murringo relation ; issued from these headquarter.--. Co? lored men and Winnen, prove by your future lives that you can be virtuous ' and pure. No people eau be truly grout or free without education. Upon the educa? tion of your children depends, in a great degree, the measure of your sue- ' cess asa peuple. Sei id your ehildret? tu school ?ilenever ym cnn. Deny! yourselves even the necessaries: of ii., to keep your 'noys and girls ai school, and never allow them to bo unsent a dav or an hour while iv is in session, j which baa been vouchsafed to you, and von should be patient and hope? ful. 'The nation, Ihro-.vrh this i Ju I roan, luis taken your cause in h-v.-i, I and will endeavor tu do you ample I justice, ii von lio not obtain nil youl I rights Cilia year, bu content with part., ami if you act rightly, ;i!l ".iii I tarni, in good time, d ry to show by i your good conduct that yon are worthy i of ail, and whatever may happi n, lei no enc:::--;,' spirit stir you up to any ?ter, of ii Oi ?lion against th< Govern ! ment. Strive to live down by yo::; true ,?!iil loyal conduct thc wicked fie and weak invention of your enemies, that in auj event you would reb< i against that Government and peoph which have sacrificed so many precious lives and treasure in your cause. Could you rise even against those who oppress you, or against;! Government winch has given you n right to your? selves, your wife and children, ?md taken from you tho overseer, the slave trader, the auction block, and broken the driver's whip forever? 1 have no fears on this point, and trust you to show those who have, how groundless they are, and that you are willing to leave your cause in the lannis ot the Government. Kver cherish in your hearts the prayerful spirit, thc trust? ing, childlike faith in God's good pro? vidence, which has sustained ao many o? you in your darkest hour. The Assistant Commissioner* and Agents of this Buraau will publish this circular to tho freedmen through? out these States, and ministers of the Gospel ure requested to have it read in all the chinches where the freed? men are assembled. ll. SAXTON, "Brevet 'Maj. Gem. .Wt Com HEADQUARTERS, ' MTL. DIST. OF CHARLESTON, CHAKLKSTOX, S. C., An". 2i>, 1$G5. (7EyiiJi.lL OliOEIiS NO. ?Ul. IN compliance with Special Orders No. tl, from thc Headquarters of tho Depart? ment of South Carolina, tho undersigned relinquishes to brevet Brig. Gen. NV. T. Fi nneii ihe command ol' tins District. JOHN P. HATCH, Sept 1 2 Drevel Maj. Gen. U. S. Vols. Headq'is Mil. Dist, of Charleston. CHARLESTON. S. C.. Aim. 21, 1805. G EXE EAL oliDEliS NO. ss. ISURGEON Charles T. Reber, U. S. . Vols., haven: V-ported in accordance with Special girders Ne. C, Headquarters Department South Carolina, is 1,(.rec; an u uinei- I as i h? i' .Medical t Hiicor of this Dis? trict, renoving Surgeon John 0. Bronson, C. s. V? !-. !t, willi* obeyed ami respected acconlinglv. li. Captain IL E. Lord. C. S.v.. having reported for duty, is hi ri hy announced ns Cleef Coinnii?swv of Subsistence for mit command. and will he obeyed an t respe? 1 A accordingly. Ly command of bi yef Maj. Gen. J. F. HATCH. . LEOXABJ) il. Piainy, A. A. G. I Sept 1 2 ? Local lt?; To i?cure insertion, advertised" aro re? quested to hand in their notice! before 4 0 cock p. rn. Our readers Trill notice tbcluPcTtWrncnts of Zealy, Scott & Bruna, who effet, to seil for cash as low* as any store in fcheotv. It would be well for purchasers to givdthenia call. ' \ Brevet Brigadier-General Ely. Caiof <>f the Freedmen's bureau, returned t\> thia city yesterday, after a brief vi it J> tho const. We are indebted to Ms polite Atten? tion for a variety of newspapers, ?rom which wo make copious extrae*s. Il sands us also the encalar of Gen. S.t\.ton. address - ed to tim freedmen, which the reu-.br will find in another column, and which ;.!-. "lid command th" perusal of white and black alike. SOUTH CYBOUKA KAILUO.VD rwe had yes? terday tfce pleasure of a meeting wither. President Magrath, of the South Careliaa Railroad, who reports his complete success in procuring the mm ando1 her materials essential ?o the entire reco^otruetioa of the road, in ali its length and breadth, in i-ll directions. Tho work on the Columbia. Kw ucl) will ho the ?rst to bc done, and wo may confidently conclude, that, by the first of n.-lober, 1 lu*communication b-t-wcen tho 1 av.al and thu metropolitan city vvu] be fully re-established. Xor will the Hamburg lt ?:: i !>.. neglected. Even now the iron is mi ; way to Branchville, for the line from thal plac? to Augusta. The President teils us that tlie progress is now continuous, and that, the work ts progressing, and will un? dress, to completion, without delay or arrest. Tin- chief embarrassments now are those which occur in the several breaks in the several routes abovo Columbia- -on tho lines to Winnsboro, on the one band, and tu Newberry on the other. Wt are told th?t, President Johnson, of thc Charlotte Road, is now engaged in thc Northern eitles, soek ingthe necessary agencies ?md materials for completing his road from Winnsboro t> Columbia. Mr. President Perrin of tim j Greenville and Columbia Koad, is, probably i lui his wn?.- thither also, or has his agent, actively at work, operating fur the same objects, lt needs but sumo 30 miles, <>i. eit h r r>tail, to open ail the ancient avenues, ol i ra w] und transportation between our ..aphid -MI th" several ti: ires. East a:..! Vies:. North and Sou*h. If our railroad .-..i. - s have, m .hans, too litetailv obeyed ' to the . in a>-ver:-.-.t,i--:it.-,4fciicb are published for the'first, time this morning: Zealy, Scott * Bruns Miscellaneous. . ?* - l/hiumi'..;. *' -Y. V. M. *' -Dry Goods, &c. " -Wines, ?fcc. ? -Bitters. --ituss, lillis. " . . " -Bieldes, Mustard. " " - -Shoes, Sh ies. . * --Glassware. Cm. Kennel t Cene -al Orders No. 30, 91% Ccu. tiillmiuv C. moral Orders No. 1:5, 21. ! Cen. Uutali -General Orders No. Ss, 90. ; Colleyc Campos- Teas. ! ,i. th tjihhes- New Goods. Wm. i'opcr-ITotme and b.i nd for yale, i K mo: liojiion of John Caldwell. I ... A. hanan-Engiue. Ac., for'sale. j FIcnrv Foote, the Tennessee hA < lows, has written a letter favoring ^:e ' gr..? :?:!Y.i\'\ Ti lis-is to g.*: him back ia: > ih . United States. I ~~~ 7 ~ linera! iiivi i alien j Ti".v I iends and acquaintances of Mr. 51? : C. b.iV. ;u.L. Mrs. Ii?;-.- Howell Mr. Rob't I rioweii, .!?sse :.r. licwt-u ami ?.:.-s. s. p. . ::-.!. aro invited to attend theiuueral '. sei-vk f tho former, at his late r?sidence, ! near s Hill, Th IS MGRNli-iU, at 10 ' o'clock. . PO S EKAIi IX VIT ATI O V. The friends and acquaint acc?s of 3Ir. and I Mrs. J. T.VTarre.r and family, are respcet j fully invited to attend the iuneval of their ? daughter CARRIE, .it their residence, Till s j AFTERNOON, at 1 o'clock. ?MM J To Hus Editor of thc PJua dx-Si ii: Wc ri - I gret to notier-, in your i.->su> of Tuesday j last, the declination of Mr. John Caldwell i to serve as a candidate for the Convention. believing his services to be important to tho I ?'.tate, we re-nominate lum fur that si'uati. n, feeling assured that, if elected, hu cannot j and will not refuse to serve. Sept 1 :;?_ _MANY VOTERS. FOR SA?IET rpiIE ENGINE, BOILER, SHAFTING, L GEARING, Ac. formerly connected with thc Winnsboro Steam Mill. The engine* is 25-iior: e powter, with upright beam. The boil? r 'ns i number of flues -inten led ori? ginally for a steamboat. If curly applica? tion remade, a bargain can be had. Apply Ur.. K. A. BUCHANAN, Sept 1 2* vYinusLc.ro, K. ?. New Goods ! mWENTYdoz. Ladies' WHITE COTTON _i* HOSE. il) i!.i/. Men's Brown Cotton Half HOSE. <; " Ladies' Colored SILK GLOVES. 6 " <; Black mu packs PINS. 20 M NEEDLjES. lin pieces Black aim Col M BELT RIBBON. .h?.a.ucl, Nansook, Plaid and Stripe MUS? LINS. Brown and Bleached LONGCLOTIIS. ALSO, "A fresh assortment of * Opening THIS T\A.Y crd for stile bv Sept ia J. G Gi"?V~S.