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f I III COLUMBIA^ Tuesday Morning, Aug. 29. 1865. Thc Depart to re of * Latte Sovereign It is, vre believe, to the late Senator Hammond that we owe the phrase, "Cotton is King," and he employed it, first, in relation to foreign States, and in comparison with their several material powers. And, certainly, had cotton been continued, os the repre? sentative property of the whole United States, upheld by that power, and tenaciously asserted by its cupidity, as well as by its strength, there would be no deposition of the monarch from his throne. Representing the Con? federate Government, exclusively, it was otherwise. He then drew upon himself the hostility of the United States Government, and failed, through their fears, to secura the sup? port of those foreign powers, which were yet largely dependent upon his agency and aid. He was for the time ignored; and England, groaning from the lack of cotton-her machinery silent-her operatives starving-con? tinued to cry aloud, through the small treble of Lord John Russell,- "Cotton is not King." Of course, England could acknowledge no king coming from America. But cotton ira.? king, and of legitimate origin, but he was bunded against, blindly and tacitly, by those who were his proper subjects. Had he any fair play at the hands of ihe Confederate Government ? "What was his treatment by the very powers .wliich, finally, depended upon his :agency for all their resources. Had his .agency been sooner resorted to and relied on. Mr. Davis would not pro? bably have so tpiickly gone by the board. At the eoimnencenient of the late disastrous war, the South was full of cotton. It could be bought at 7}? to 8 b? cents everywhere. A general feeling of doubt and insecurity pre? vailed among the planters. They lacked money: They had nothing else to sell. A very eminent gentle? man, after consulting with his friends, proceeded to Richmond, and coun? selled with certain of the ruling pow? ers on this subject. He advised that the Confederate Government should become the proprietor of all the cot? ton in the country, at eight cents should hold it tenaciously-should bank upon it-and deny its use to private speculation. This was proba-, bly the only process by which to assert the sovereignty of King Cotton. But he was laughed nt by the wiseacres in power. Wo remember the indigna? tion which he expressed in company at the treatment he received. 1T have heard," said he, "that I was made the laughing stock of certain Secretaries and Senators? among their idiotic Underlings and Jackals. " It was not long after when this same Confederate Government did enter the market, and bought Up the same cotton at prices ranging from twenty-five to eighty cents, with the view to foreign credit and influence at foreign courts. But this was not all. Cotton was what we may call a generic power, and hence its sovereignty. The agen? cies of the Government were, in brief, so many agencies of cotton. Cotton represented the peculiar claims of the South-its negro capital-its local in? terests as well as institutions-it was the cementing property of the State. To what sort of persons were these interests confided ? Who were the premiers and counsellors, the agents and officers, having in charge the con? cerns of this great monarchy? Of Mr. Davis, himself, we wish to say noth? ing unkindly. But if the Govern? ment of the United States should hang him they would show themselves veiy ungrateful. He has so governed as to put the game entirely into their hands. The Democracy of the South' did their part, most effectually in this work of sectional suicide. Their Con? gresses were as sorry a set of men, with few exceptions, as ever had the privilege of cutting the throat of a Commonwealth. They succumbed to every requisition of Mr Davis. They were a collection of pliant placid ant? acids. The President, himself, a man of decided talents, stubborn will, great purity of character, and a patriotism, which might have been saving had it been coupled with a healthy tempeaa ment, was yet a bilious-ascetic, of keen prejudices, great and morbid self esteem, strong sympathies, antipathies quite as strong-a very Cassius-who continued, through blind antipathies and sympathies quite as blind, to ' gather about him a cabinet and offi? cers, some of whom were almost idi? otic, few of whom were capable, none of whom perhaps was at all capable of the duties to which he was assigned. And so, King Cotton was overthrown ; by his own people, his own subjects; his first officers and agents, his Prime Minister and his cloud of cloudy counsellors. Negro Statistics In South Carolina. Something has already been said on this subject in our columns; but it will not be amiss to give the full hst of those districts in this State in which the negro exceeds the white population in numbers. There are twenty of them, and tho returns are from the census of 1800: White. Colored Abbeville.ll,MG 20,869 Barnwell.12.702 18,041 Beaufort. 6,714 33,339 ' Charleston.29,188 40,012 Chester.-7,093 11.024 Clarendon. 4.378 8,717 Colleton. 9,255 . 32,661 Darlington. 8,432 11,929 Edgcfield.15,654 24,233 Fairfield. 6.373 15,738 Georgetown.3,013 18,292 Kershaw. 5,048 8,038 Laurens. 10,529 13,320 Marlborough. 5,373 7,061 Newberry. 7,009 13,870 Orangeburg. 8,108 16,788 Richland. 0,863 11,444 Sumter.6,H57 17,002 Union. 8.670 10,965 Williamsburg. 5,187 10,302 Counties in which white population pre? ponderates.10 Counties in which colored population pre? ponderates.20 I Whole number of counties in State.30 Her?*, is an interesting catalogue, full of hope for humanity, which we copy from the Darlington Km: Before a Military Commission which convened at Georgetown, S. C., June 30, 186o, by virtue of Special Orders of the District Commander, of which Colonel George H. Nye, 29tb Maine Volunteers, \v;is President, tho follow? ing parries were arranged, tried and sentenced, viz: Billy Wilson, William Arnell, Scipio, Anthrum McConnell and Gabriel, (colored mviliai??,) tor tlie deliberate murder of J. W. Skin ner? a citizen of Georgetown District, on or about May ll, 1865, by shoot? ing him, the aforesaid J. W. Skinner, after forcing him to walk a quarter of a mile into the woods, upon the plan? tation of Joseph W. Ford, in George> town District, S. C. (.'barge 2d: For an attempt to murder Mr. Joseph Ford and his nephew Stephen Couch? man, citizens of Georgetown District, S. C., on the plantation of the former gentleman, on or about May ll, 18G5. Having been found guilty, upon mature consideration of the evidence adduced, the accused, Billy AVilson, William Arnell, Scipio, Anthrum McConnell and Gabriel, were, by the Commission, sentenced "to be hanged by the neck until dead, at such time and place as the General commanding may direct. " The proceedings, findings and sen? tence of the parties mentioned having been approved by the District Com? mander, Gen. Beal, with the recom? mendation of the exercise of mercy toward Gabriel, Scipio and Anthrum McConnell, they will be held in close confinement until the time and the. place of the execution of their sen? tences shall be designated by the De? partment Commander. At present the miserable offenders are incarcerated in the. jail at George? town, and then- approaching end should be a warning to any who may be disposed to deeds of violence; or death. "Whosoever sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed." Before the same commission, An I thrum (colored civilian) was tried and found guilty, on the charge of rob? bery of Mrs. Margaret Johnson, re? siding in Georgetown District, S. C., in May last, of one gold ring, one pair gold spectacles, three dollars in silver, one silver spoon, a number of Elates, cups and saucers, five and one alf yards of cloth, five cotton quilts, two mattresses, one pair shoes, two dress patterns, four shawls, handker? chiefs, laces, stockings, table-coths, towels, icc. He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment at hard labor at such place as shall be designated by the proper authority. Also, Henry Green, (colored civil? ian,) on charge of threatening to mur? der John. A> McCullough, citizen of Williamsburg District, S. C., in April, 1865, for the purpose of obtaining money. The aforesaid Green, with a gang of negroes, entered the house of tho said McCullough early in the morning of the 19th of April, 1865, ordering him ont of bed and threat? ening to hang him unless he told where his money was. Not comply? ing, he was forced out of doors', when Green ordered a gallows to be built a handkerchief to bc tied over his ' eyes, and hung; whereupon Mrs. John A. McCullough (wife oi John A. Mc? Cullough) told where the money was, and her husband was released. The same Henry Green, on charge of threatening to murder for the pur? pose of obtaining money. In this that he entered the dwelling house of W. G. Rogerson, citizen of George? town District, S. C., on the night of May 10, 1865, and did threaten the said Rogerson with death in tho fol? lowing language, to wit : "I must have all your money, or I will kill you and burn the house and you with it." Against Green also were three in? dictments for robbery, sustained in the charges above mentioned, as well as by a further charge of entering thc residence of Dr. Gester, citizen of Williamsburg District, S. C., on tho 12th April, 1865, and robbing him, his wife and children of clothing and other articles. Upon all these charges und specifi? cations, the commission found the said Green guilty, and sentenced him to live veal's' imprisonment ut hard labor, at such place us tho Command? ing General might designate. POUCT OF THE PRESIDENT IN GIUST? INO PARDONS.-Thc President's door was thrown open ut tho usual hour to? day, and the room was soon rilled with a motley crowd of both sexes. As usual, two-thirds of those present de? sired pardons for themselves or friends; but tile bearing of the President to? wards such applicants hus been no? ticeably changed of late. His sense of justice revolts ut the bare idea ol bribery und corruption being instru? mental in obtaining: the pardon of any one. The HerauVs exposure ol' au in? stance lust week in which $500, paid to Hon. Thomas Corwin, secured what the applicant seemed otherwise unable to obtain, appears to have first called his attention to the subject, anti aroused his suspicions. He is now determined to exercise the greatesl caution in the matter, und to give ead. individual casi; his undivided persona attention. His first step, therefore, was to suspend action in the Attorney (lejic:ral"s o?ice lipon nil application: for purdon until some disposition h:u been made of those alre ady acvunm kited. No more requisitions are to Ix made on the State Department fo: pardon until further orders. Tho President is reported to havi been severe in hts remarks to thosi who approached hinton the subject o pardons to-d.iy. One old gentiema: had si letter in his possession statin; tlmt his purdon could be obtained io S'JOO. Tho President dosired to kno\ who offered to obtain it for that sum He wanted, above nil things, to ascei tain who the men were that accepte bribes. He said he hud been notifie thut unfair and dishonest inllucuct were used to obtain pardons; but h desired specific information instead c generalities, and declared that his o. tice was the pardon uhuv, and that th Attorney-General's office had little t do with it. Tho newspapers migl assert that 200 were pardoned dailj because that number of retpiisitioii passed through the Attornev-(lenora] office; but he wished thc fact to 1 known that he investigated each co himself, und only grunted snell pi titions as recommended themselves i his clemency. Sonn; of those preset asked for permission to call again ft a further consideration of their case The President significantly replie? "It would bc sonic time, before mau more pardons were grunted." Th would seem to dispose ?d' the projet of organizing a sepurate pardon bi reau. SOUTH CAROLINA RAILROAD.-To are informed that the track fro Orangeburg to Columbia is proceei ing very well from both sides, and th: the bridge over tho Conguree Rivi will bo completed this week. [Charleston Kc irs. RAILROAD IRON.-Wo are. pleased announce that the South Carolii Railroad Company received yesterdi per burk Fannie, from New Yor about five hundred tons railroad iroi which will be immediately used iaying their track. [Charleston Courier. Andrew Thompson lately shot ai killed Mary Elmore, at Smyrna, Del ware, because Mary loved somebo? else better than sho did Andrew. There are said to Ix*, seventy-fo divorce cases awaiting trial at T Crosse, Wisconsin. Ev^jry complaina is said to bo a soldier or a aoldiei wife. Iiiii TREATMENT OP BLACKS.-The falsehoods continually circulated by Northern correspondents and others on this subject, are well illustrated by the following extract from a recent letter from the Mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina: To the Eilihr of the Wilmington Herald: The attention of the municipal au? thorities has j list been called to an edi? torial, in your Issue of the lQ|.h inst., entitled "The Result of Obstinacy." They have, in consequence of your article, caused an investigation to be made of each cause of complaint therein contained, and communicate to your paper the result of that inves? tigation, vouching for its entire truth fullness in every particular: The first specific allegation in your article is that ' 'two negroes were tied up aud publicly whipped by the she? riff on the sentence of a magistrate, in the town of Fayetteville." The fact is that two negroes were not tied up and whipped by the sheriff, but one negro, who was proven to be guilty of larceny, was sentenced by a magistrate to 'oe whipped, and was whipped ac? cordingly by a person deputized as constable. In this case the magistrate exceeded his jurisdiction and commit? ed an error; he should have bound the negro over to answer the charge at the next course. If he had done this, the negro would, upon conviction, have been sentenced by the court to receive the san ie punishment which was in? flicted-whipping being the punish? ment for larceny by the laws of North Can dina, whether the crimes be com? mitted by a white or a black person. This whole matter then is thus re resolved. " A prominent New York journal re? cently attempted to answer an article in the Times on this feature of North Carolina law, by saying that no white man had ever been left tied until a storm blow down the tree as "certainly happened a few days ago to a negro in North Carolina." We accordingly quote further from the Mayor's letter: The second allegation is that "other negroes wen: tied to tree's and whip? ped, and then left tied until a storm prostrated the trees, and the poor negroes fell with them, and laid a long time before being relieved." This charge is without foundation, in the manner ami connection in w hich it is made. The report originated from this circumstance. The caphiin of the local police-a military officer of the United States-caused two nc groos, who were proved t<> be guilty of sheep-stealing, to be tied up by the thumbs to two lam]) posts, and to re main so suspended for two hours. While this military order was being executed, there was a storm of wind (with some rain) and two small elm trees were blown down. The negroes were not "tied to trees," but to iron lamp posts, and the trees which were blown down were small, and not with? in fifty yards of the negroes. This was not done by "civilians" or by tho "civil authorities." BruEAGCRAcr.-Nineteen-twentieths -aye, more-of the employees of the departments are hostile to the policy of the President. The bureaus, al? most without exception, are presided over by his political foes, who have crammed their respective offices with the bitterest of radicals and negro worshippers. With some few design? ing exceptions, used for a disguise, no applicant is appointed by them who is not unquahfiedly committed to negro suffrage and equality; and no employee, however efficient and com? petent, is promoted who is not of the same stripe. The proscription and favoritism has become a studied sys? tem in many of the bureaus. [Herald's Wttskington Despatch. RESTORATION OF SOUTHERN ESTATES TO PARDONED OWNERS.-During the hist week, upwards of a dozen citizens of the South, who liad obtained their pardons, made personal application at the Freedmen's Bureau for the resto? ration of lands which had been taken into thc custody of the Bureau. On production of the certificates of par? don, the applicants were furnished with orders upon the local agents of the Bureaus in the South for the resti? tution of the property claimed, with the provision that the owners be made to compensate the blacks for the crops they may bo cultivating thereon, or leave them in undisturbed possession until tho same are harvested. Harry Leslie, loaded with chains, made his third ascension over the Ni? agara Uiver, recently. There was a heavy storm, but the crowd was large and enthusiastic. Our devil advises any young couple who aro "engaged," and wish to pre? vent the tongue of scandal from deal? ing harshly with them, to give & wida Ijooal Item?. To insure insertion, advertisers are re? quested to hand in their notices before 4 o'clock p. m. SOLUTES MISSINQ.-Attention is solicited to the advertisement, by "Wm. B. Davis, headed .'Information Wanted," ?nd calling for information touching a missing soldier. Levi N. Davis, of Company K, 47th Georgia Regiment. See the details in the advertise? ment. AU humane persons, capable of giving any information, with regard to this missing soldier, will be pleased to commu? nicate with thia office, or the advertiser. The folowing is a List of Letton remain? ing at thc Shiver Homo: Mrs. S. H. Bell, Hrs. John English, Mrs. Emma Blood, Mrs. M. 8. Shepperd, Mrs. Rebecca Gilmore. Mrs. M. L. Bonner, Mrs. Jenny William?, Mrs. T. S. Niekerson, Mrs. H. C. Hornsby, Mrs. John Fielding, Mrs. G. S. Bower (2), Mrs. Mary Allen, Mrs. Gracey AdauiB, Miss M. G. Mobley, Miss A. S. Edwards, Miss C. A. Park, Miss F. T. Burshart, Mr. M. Edwards, Mr. J. L. Owen, J. W. Davidson, J. B. Black, W. Connor, Dr. J. E. Glover, J. C. Janncv (2), B, Jor? dan, T. Colderman 25th Ohio.'R. L. Bryan, ' B. R. Hudgins, B. Harrison, R. Gardiner, W. S. Davis, R. G. Center, J. J. Fripp, W. ! G. Brown, T. G. Gerardeau, J. H. Kinard. WATER WORKS AND TAXES.-We. met an ! excellent citizen this morning at sunrise. "Do," quoth he, "pitch into the Council about our water works. Wc can got uo water." "Exactly," said we; "and the Council, anticipating you, says, "Do pitch into the citizens, who will not come forward and pay their taxes. How can we carry on the city works, of any kind, unless the taxes are paid?" "But," says our excellent friend, "I have paid my taxes." "Alas!" we replied, "it requires some ten of you to say the same thing if yon would savo the city." From what we "hear, there arc only four citizens, as yet, who have squared accounts with the tax collector! And thus the accounts stand between the parties. And since thia con? versation, we nave been requested by half a-dozen others to "pitch into the Council." Let ns propose to both parties to "pitch into" each other before the Superior Provost Court. Let the citizens impeach Council for neglect of duty, and Council prosecute the citizens for non-payment of taxes, and by the time thc Provost. Court shall hav? done with them, the pitching process will make every man's pitcher to run over! NEW ADVEimsEMENTS.-Attention is called to the following advertisements, which are published for the first time this morning: G. W. Wilhams & Co.-Brokers. '. " " -New Goods. Strayed-Apply at this office. Simons' .t Kerrison-New Goods. John Caldwell-Decimation. Durbec St Walter-Cottage Wanted. W. B. Davis-Information Wanted. A.'.F.'.M.'.-Meeting. G. M. Coffin-Groceries, Dry Goods, etc. Jacob Levin-Furniture Sale. " " -Drv Goods, Perfumery, etc. Mrs. Walter -Ladles' Clothing. FOREIGN VIEW OF OUR LAHOR QUES? TION.-There are some elements in the American character which foreigners cannot understand. Upon these we rely to treat successfully the serious questions now pressing upon us. As indicating how serious these questions seem to outsiders, and how necessary it is that only those whose responsi? bility or immediate interest will prompt them to the utmost care should deal with the matter, the opinion of the London Times may be quoted. It says: "In the West Indies, in the larger islands, the negroes refuse to work, though the planters, with their own wealth and the twenty minions of pounds distributed among them "for compensation, were able to pay them. In the South there are no longer any rich, and few able to pay for labor, even were the negroes willing to work. In the West Indies it was possible to Uve on the spontaneous productions of the soil. Not so in the Southern States. It is easy for a victorious government, by a few words, to strike off the fetters of the slave, and sud? denly dislocate and destroy the indus? try of a whole community, but it is not easy to find an answer to the awful question us to the probable fate of a million or two of negroes suddenly thrown upon their own resources in the midst of an exhausted and impov? erished community. THE NUMBER OF BATTLES.-The number of battles fought during the war is given by an exchange, who, wo think, under-states the number as two hundred and sixty-two.? Of these, th? soil of Virginia drank the blood of eighty-nine, Tennessee witnessed thirty-seven, Missouri twenty-fire, Georgia twelve, South Carolina ten, North Carolina eleven, Alabama se? ven, Florida five, Kentuckv fdhrteen, the Indian Territory and New Mexico one each. Once the wave of war roll? ed into a Northern State, and broke in the great billow of Gettysburg. Of the battles enumerated, sixteen were naval engagements. The largest Indian tribe now in this country is the Camanches. They num? ber 20,000. It is the pale passions that are the fiercesi; it is the violence of the chill