The daily phoenix. (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, August 23, 1865, Image 2
COLUMBIA.
? - _.
'-r- . . . =
; Wtdnegday Morning, Aug. jg, 1865."
Something AboatUy BIora|? of Home*
The oivihzation of a people depends
npon their development of character
, and endowment rather than npon their
acquisition of wealth.. We live only
as we grow, and we grow only in de
' grce as wo put to proper use the seve?
ral germs of talent and character which
belong to our ejrganization. A people,
in like manner, must comprise within
their members all the agencies of mind
and faculty of whatever sort which
have been produced and been found
essential to the race, in the progress
to maturity of other nations. There
.must be wits as wella? sages: poets us
well as statesmen; prophets as well as
mechanics; andbrjefly, every province
of mind, every faculty for art, must
be evolved in the progress of a people,
however little tho great body, of the
people may esteem as ' useful the indi
" vidual .possessor, or value the gift
within his keeping. If not thus va?
riously endowed, and thus develop?
ing, in all the province of thought, in
all the departments of genius, a race
lacks in some necessary qualifies which
are essential to its frill-growth, matu?
rity and perpetuation; and dies out
without making fts mark or leaving
its r?cord. Such was the case with
.our red men; sueh has been the case
with the black men;and the deficiency
is briefly indicated when we say that
they lacked in art. They hadhuman
appetites and passions-but lived an
animal Ufe only, and either perished
?or are perishing, in spite of all that
philanthropy and a soi-disant philoso?
phy has ever done for their preserva
tion. Such, too, must be thc fate of
?all white stocks, however superior in
natural endowment, if they fail to .
nurse to ui?e, if not Vi perfection, those
.qualities of the intellect which lead to
the growth and full development of
the arts. In this hes the real great
- deficiency of all purely agricultural
people, and here hits been our error
?nd' defeat. We have concentrated
?ll* our faculties, efforts, labors, at
the production of so much raw mate;,
rial, the production of which called
for but little art, and exercised but a
small, degree of intelligence. Our su?
perior endowments were allowed to
" lie dormant. We sought neither the
'fine nor the mechanical arts; we labor
ed neither in the fields of philosophy
or science; we gave but little heed to
jMjetry; we read but few books, and
studied less, and- rapidly let ourselves
down, in all the provinces of intellect,
until we could scarcely claim,oas a
people, any other superiority than
color, over our slave, the negro. The
overseer we put over hun could
scarcely, in thousands of cases, write
his own name intelligibly. His school?
ing did not teach him to spell cor?
rectly, gave him no desire to read, and
he sought no information or society
beyond that of the bar-room, the bar
i Tbacue, the horse-race, or the muster
ground Was the proprietor much
more careful of his own mental exer?
cises or acquisitions? Did he read
books, and seek for knowledge? Had
he any faith in the saving virtues and
beneficial influences of poetry, philo?
sophy and art? Alas! We need only
ask these questions. The silence
which must answer them on every
hand is enough. What should follow
from this terrible non-user of our fa?
culties, the' generous gifts of God, in
all intellectual respects-for, as a
. people, none were ever richer in ?the
glonpus endowments of intellect by
which a people is saved and made
eminent. In the late war, tho South
was overthrown aa much by the Yan?
kee workshops as by the Yankee arms.
. We had no workshops. We had no
arte. Was cotton to blame, or negro
slavery, for these deficiencies? Surely
not These were tho resources and
powers of our people, our arms and
agencies, and only needling wisdom
for their management to make us as
great and as full of resources ss any
people thus gifted with an article of
material wealth, and with an adequate
tfhpport in physical labor. Bad the
intellect of the superior people been
duly trained and exercised in degree
with the grand material trusts confid?
ed to its management, the'record and
result mn?t have been far otherwise,
At another time, it may be within our
plan to ask why we have failed, and
by what perverse influence we have
been led to waste that intellectual
, capital upon which our material pros?
perity depended wholly?. But in this
sentence lies the whole key-note.'of
our secret. Th? material resources of
a people must depend wholly on the
degree in whjch they shall morally and
intellectually, develope. And- thus it
is that by law-not the mere dictum,
the brulum fidmcn-of a conqueror,
we lose om? slaves, but by the absolute
'laws of God, laid down at the begin?
ning, which we have neglected, dis?
obeyed or refused to learn. The
proof may all \>e adduced logically
from the lex ScripUt,- on record" for sis
thousand years. We forfeit the right
to the slave when we lose the only
claim upon which the right was origi?
nally founded. When we have edu?
cated the negro to an equal skill with
ourselves in the culture of corn and
cotton7, unless we can assert a supre?
macy over, him in the essentials of art,
he may well be taken out from bond?
age.. When th? . Jews, under Egyp?
tian culture, could evolve from then
own masses men like Moses and
Aaron, fully equal to their Egyptian
.masters, and capable of governing
their people, the race could no longer
be kept in bondage. Con truing our?
selves to agriculture, the result of
fifty years of training in that single
field, brought tho negro slave into
dose inteUeotual proximity to his
white master. If the master continued
nothing but an agriculturist, the dis?
tan*; between the two races would
continue to lessen, and did lessen day
by day. At length, the master em?
ployed his own slave .as a driver-or
overseer, or manager-childed tho
plantation to his ?skill and superin?
tendence, und became himself tan
idler, an absentee, neglecting his in?
terests as welles his dut^s in his ap?
petites for pleasure, and Aus forfeited
his whole claim to superiority'over the
subject race, and in doing so, accord?
ing' to the moral law, forfeited his
right.
There are thousands of negroes who
wero as good, if not better planters
and farmers? than their owners or th?
overseers put over them. Owners and
overseers, in thousands of cases, were
grossly ignorant of all tho laws of
culture, never improved their lands,
never improved themselves, were con?
tent to hunt and shoot, and drink a ad
game, and wander off, to all manner of
places and indulgences, until sensual?
ism proved too strong to be over?
thrown . by any exercise of will or
effort. Here were our tyrannies; not
the slaves, not the cotton, but in the
bad trainings of our people; in thc
mistaken policies of the state; the
vicious and destructive system, which
concentrated all our capital upon ag?
riculture, the most inferior of all the
arts, to the exclusion of all others.
The arts, properly, must?exist togeth?
er, if you would have a nation pros
peroua They are intimatelyblended,
and kindred, and must be mutually
dependant. Lord Bacon describes
agriculture, commerce and manufac?
tures, as the three mighty vessels of
State, which, rolling together with
corresponsive motion, bring in wealth
to a nation like the rushing of a spring
tide. Agriculture, alone, is always
weak and feeble. Agricultural people
are more ignorant than-all others,
except the pastoral and nomadic. No
purely agricultural people that thf
world has ever known, from the first
dawnings of time, have ever produced
literature, art or science. Let us de?
velope from the two sources of capital
still left us, the soul and the soil.
But we must lift the soul above .the
soil and keep it up lifted. How shall
we do that? By the industry, the fos?
tering of all the arts; by patient work?
ing with intelligence; by good educa?
tion, of which work is the basis; by a
modest, pressing progress, in our righi
callings, according to our endowments;
by refusing competence in the pro?
fessions; and driving the impudent
pretender from the .desk of authority
to his proper place at the plough tail
or the anvil Our tyrannies have been
indolence, ignorance and presump?
tion, and we are sorry to believe that
they are still very far from being over?
thrown among us.
CETMDJAXI CASES.-A military com?
mission, at Hilton .Head, has found
Paris Eddy, odored, guilty of mur?
der, and sentenced him to be hung
the Major-General commanding, how?
ever, has remitted the sentence ol
death and substituted for it ten yean
imprisonment in the Albany peni?
tentiary. Another military commis?
sion, at Orangeburg, has convicted
Edward W. Andrews, of Mansianght
er, and he is also sentenced to ter
years in the Albany penitentiary. Il
thug appears that the same penalty
attaches to murder and manslaughter
We know not the nature of tho ori
ilonoe in either -?a^e.
S tunda, rda of Money Vaia?.
We give below a'table of money
values in thev Southern States during,
the late war. Messrs. Barber & Son
are good authorities, and their tables
have been well kept. They may be
relied upon. We shall have occasion
hereafter, however, to suggest-some
considerations on the ? subject of the
application of gold standards to any?
thing but the currency. There ore
numerous clements of the subject to
be taken into cnosideration befora
you can apply thc gold standards to
the subject of produce:
MEHSRR. EDITORS : In consequence
of numerous inquiries daily as to the
price of gold for Confederate notes
during a certain period, we have, for
the convenience of our citizens who
may have settlements to make, pre?
pared a table from our books, showing
actual sales from January 1, 18G1, to
May 1, 18G5, which is at your service,
should you think proper to publish !
the same. Very respectfully.
F. C. BARBER & SON,
Exchange Brokers.
AUGUSTA, GA., June 9, 1865.
Price of Gold for Confederate Xotes from
January 1, 1861, to May 12, 18t?5, facht?
rire:
1861. j
i Jan. 1 to Mav 1.5 pr.
j May 1 to Oct. 1.10 pr.
j Oct. 1 to Oct. 15.12 pr.
j Oct. 15 to Nov. 15.. .15 pr.
i Dec. 1.Q.20 pr.
I Dec. 15...30 pr.
I * . 1862.
Jan. 1...-..20 pr.
Jan. 15.20 pr.
j Feb. 1.:.25 pr.
Feb. 15.40 pr.
March 1..50 pr.
'? March lo.65 pr.
April 1.75 pr.
April 15....80 pr.,
Mav 1.90 pr.
May 15.95 pr.
Jnne 1.95 pr.
June 15.:.2 fori
July 1.2 "1
July 15.2 "1
Aug. 1.2 20 "1
Aug. 15.,.2 20 " 1
Sept. 1. .2 51) "1
Sept. 15.. ....2 50 "1
Oct. 1.2 50 "*1
Oct. 15.2 50 "1
Novol to Jan. 1.3 "1
1863.
Jan. 1 to Feb. 1.3 " 1
Feb. 1 to March 1.3 10 "1
March 1.3 25 "1
March 15 to May 15.5 "1
Mav 15.6 "1
June 1.*6 50 44 1
June 15.7 50 "1
Julv 1.^. 8 " 1
Jul V 15.10 . "1
Aug. 1.1-4 "1
Aug. 15.15 - 44 1
Sept. 1.14 "1
Sept. 15.1-4 "1
Oct. 1. .13 "1
Oct. 15.12 50 "1
Nov. 1.13 "1
Nov. 15..,...15 50 M 1
Dec. 1.20 "1
Dec. 15.21 ?. 1
1864.
Jan. 1..21 "1
Jan. 15.20 "1
Feb. 1.20 "1
Feb. 15.21 "1
March 1. . ?. .26 "1
March 15.20 "1
April 1.18 "1
April 15. .21 "1
May 1.20 "1
May 15. .18 "1
June 1 to July 15.18 "1
July 15 to Aug. 15.20 " 1
Aug. 15.22 44 1
Sept. 1.20 50 "1
Sept. 15. 22 50 "1
Oct. 1....27 ?? 1
Oct. 16.25 "1
Nov. 1.26 50 "1
Nov. 15......26. " 1
Dec. l....r.32 44 1
Dec. 15.35 J4 1
Dec. 81.51 "1
1865
Jan. 1.,.60 "1
Jan. 15... .65 " 1
Feb. 1.50 44 1
Fob. 15.46 " 1
Mar. 1... ?.55 "1
Mar. 15.50 " 1
April 1.70 " 1
April 15.80 " 1
April 20.100 ?. 1
April 26.'.200 44 1
April 27.300 44 1
I April 28.500 44 1
April 29.800 44 1
April 30:.1,000 44.1
May 1.1,200 44 1
j Which was the last actual sale for
Confederate Notes.
A Yankee in Kansas sells liqlior in a*
gun barrel instead of a glass, to evade
the law and make it appear beyond
dispute that he h polling by tho barrel.
sccs- 1 ^^^^wmr^^w^mmmrF^^^^r^r^^^ -
L.ett?r from Hon. John M. Botts.
WHO NEED MOT APPLY FOB PARDON8
2b the Editors of ike Bichmond Repub?
lic:
Enclosed yon w?l find for publica?
tion a letter from the Hon. John M.
Botts, giving his construction of some
of^ the most important features of
President Johnsor '\ Amnesty Procla?
mation of May 29. I had prepared a
communication for the press, but con?
curring with Mr. Botts in Opinion, I
addressed him, knowing one from him
would carry with it far more weight
and influence-being mutually desi?
rous of not only saving to our needy
people everywhere money which they
could poorly afford to expend, but to
relieve their minds and give them as
much peace and qmetude as possible
in repairing their wrecked and shat?
tered fortunes. Hoping the press
.-everywhere will aid in- diffusing the
welcome intelligence contained in Mr.
Botts' letter, I am, most respectfullv
yours, JOHN R. WOODS.
. -
AUBURN, NEAR BRANDT STATION,
, August 4, 1865.
MT DEAR STE: Your letter of the
30th- July, asking for my interpreta?
tion of the Proclamation of President
Johnson of the 29th of May, 1865,
has been received, and I avail myself
of the first leisure moment to answer
it.
I think it clear that the oath of am?
nesty and pardon is, by that procla?
mation, offered to all, with the excep?
tion of the fourte^ different classes
of persons enumerated, and from them
the benefits of the amnesty oath are
withheld until a special pardon is ob?
tained, and 'this pardon, as ^under?
stand it, when obtained, only remits
?e penalties that have been incurred
WT those who have endeavored to
Overthrow the Government, without
conferring any political privileges
whateve?, whjcb are controlled ir
some instances by -the enactments ol
the United States Congress, and in
others by the provisions of State Con?
stitutions and State laws (as in this
State,) neither of which are or can bi
disturbed by the pardon of the Presi?
dent.
In reference to the thirteenth soe
tion which reads:
"All persons who have voluntarily
participated in said rebellion, and th<
estimated value of whose property ii
over twenty thousand dollars. "
This clause seems to be less under
stood than.any of the exceptions con
fained in the proclamation; and ther<
are very many making application fo:
pardon who are not at all embraced ii
the exception.
Union ?md loyal men throughou
the war, persons of advanced age, an?
others who have had no participatioi
in the rebellion, either voluntarily o
involuntarily, all seem to* think tha
because their taxable properly exceed
twenty thousand dollars that it is ne
cessanly liable to confiscation unies
a pardon is obtained from the Fresi
dent, and by their numerous applica
tions ase not only unnecessarily in
creasing the labors of the President
Attorney-Genaral and other official
in Washington, but are throwinj
away their own means and time, an<
making a harvest for the lawyer;* wb
are engaged in that branch of busi
ness.
It is manifest that the thirteentl
clause is susceptible, of no such con
struction. To those who have no
"voluntarily participated in the rebel
lion," this clause has no apprehension
no matter what amount of tnxabl
property they may own; and whethe
they have voluntarily participated o
not, is a matter that must be bes
known to themselves, but there ma
be other modes of voluntary uartici
pation than that of actually bearin
arms against the United States; i:
other words, there were othe
means to be employed for the ovei
throw of the Government than b
bearing arms, for the worst of th
secessionists were generally those wh
were the last and the least willing't
take np arms. These contributed a
their means and energies; some b
investment in Confederate stocks f<
the purpose of aiding the rebcllioi
others by running the blockade an
other "bomb-proof" occupations, t
they were called-all for the overthro
of the Government of the Unite
Strtes. All this I should call volui
tary participation ia the rebellion.
But you ask particularly wheth?
detailed farmers, ing my opinioi
would come under the class of excep
ed cases; to which I should an s we
not necessarily. I know myself of
number of cases in. which - tho mo
loyal men in the State became detail?
farmers only for tho purpose of avdi<
ing military duty in the field, and <
obviating tho necessity for taking r
arms against the United States a>
- thorities; and yet a detailed farm'
might have done many things th
would subject bim to the exceptio:
therefore, I'think each particular ca
t
would have to stand upon its own
merits, ss no general pr universal role
could bo applied, # * t
Every man best knows lois own mo
tivest and knows whether he did what
he could, whether in ono capacity or
another, to aid the rebellion, and upon
his own conscience must rest the ne?
cessity for an application for pardon,
f he is conscious of having done
nothing voluntarily to aid the rebel?
lion, then I should say it would be
quite time enough to ask for a pardon
when steps were taken against him for
the confiscation of -his property; and
in the meantime to save his time and
money for better purposes than that
of enriching lawyers and paying
agents. I om, respectfully and very
truly, yours, JOHN M. BOTTS.
Iiooal Items.
To insure insertion, advertisers are re?
quested to baad in their notices before 4
o'clock p. m.
QLCX.-Any. one jn Columbia having a
supply of the above article, will ?u d a ready
sale by immediate application at thia office.
Cox CURT MCSICAXE.-It will be a pleasant
announcement to those who enjoyed the
treat of the musical concert, given here a
week ago, to be told of ? repetition of the
pleasure this evening, at the old College
Chapel, in the campus. The programme
for the e venin j-for. which see bills o? the
day-is particularly rich and various. Such
an entertainment, bx the ?bsenc? of ?Ii
other amusements in Columbia, issn event,
and we should make the most of it. To the
old, the concert will be a memory; to the
young, a lesson. Let them bo sure to be
present. _^_ ^_
EDUCATIONAL.-We note with pleasure
that Major J. B. White and Captain H. 8.
Thompson, well known, the former as tho
j*rurcipaL. the latter as Professor, in the ,
Military Academies, have announced thc
opening of an academy for young men, in
thin city. Tho long experience of these
gentlemen, in a school of such dimensions
and such exacting duties as the Citadel
Academy in Charleston, is a. sufficient guar?
anty to the public, and .4ould entitle the
professors to the most perfect confidence of
? hu community. We liavc personally, ax
well as publicly, known thom, in their Offi?
cial positions, for several years, and freely
. ipress the opinion that, for thc training,
UH well as teaching, of the youth of the
country, no abler persons can bc Ibu nat:
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS..-Attention is called
to the following advertisements, which are
published for the first time this morning:
M. M. Cohen-Pine Apple Cheese.
C. A. Scot*--Warm Meals.
W. M. L'eckham-Daily lane.
I Tradewvll Haskiu--Lavi Notice.
Edward Hunt-Administrator's Notice.
I Thomas Taylor-Dwelling to Lernt.
[? Juiiii Commins A Co.-Com. Bv.smest.
I F. J. Mose?-Mare Stolen,
j J. W. Davidson-Select School,
i J. G. Gibbes-Nails.
! John Stork-Shoes.
Durbec lc, Walter-Auction.
FOREIGN.-The Cholera, in its West?
ward travels, hael reached Ancona,
Italy, where thirty-four persons were
dying of the terrible disease daily.
"Advices from Spain confirm the state?
ment of the probability of war being
again declared by Spain against San ?
Domiego.
Significant ministerial changes have
taken place in Austria, all in the direc?
tion of freedom and liberalism. The
>Iet*sernichean policy of the Austrian
dynasty appears to have been com?
pletely reversed. This change, if
persevered in, augurs well for Hna
gary and the other nationalities includ?
ed under German rule,
United Staten five-twenties were
quoted at GS to. 681. on the London
Stock Exchange on the 5th inst,;
British Consols 89% ip 90. *
Gold was quoted, on the 14th inst.,
at 42}<i to 43. Foreign, exchange had
assumed a firmer tone. *
.The cotton market was dull, but
holders were generally firm at our an?
nexed quotations.. The sales were 800
bales. We quote upland as follows;.
Ordinary, 32; middling, 43; good mid?
dling, 47.
Coffee was quiet, but holders, in
view of the limited supply and the
unfavorable prospect for a speedy re?
plenishment, were generally asking an
advance.-JV. Y. Herald, lblh.
A HARVEST OP Gonn.--An official
report of ali the American gold re?
ceived at the United States mint and
its branches from our first gold dis?
coveries down to June 30, 1864, shown
a grand total of ?597,178,724, of
which $556,718,872 came from Cali?
fornia; $9,183,071 from Colorado;
$9,121,397 from North Carolina;
$6,909,375 from Georgia; $6,142t433
from Oregon; $2,308,3?5 from Idaho;
$1,558,874 from Virginia; $1,352,969
from Alabama and the balance from
other States and Territories.
HARRIED,
On Thursday morning. 17th inst., by RCT.
Frederick Auld, Mr. APPL1NG- WELLS, or
Newocrry District, and Mis? CARKD' k
BEaPX, of thia city.