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COLUMBIA Tuesday Morning, Aug. 22. 1865. The Moral of-King Cotton. We give place in the Phoenix, of this day, to au essay, by an intelligent correspondent, to some of whose opi? nions we must enter a passing protest. It is well that, he should teach from tho text "NU desperandum"-perfectly proper that we should all encourage a cheerful resignation to the inevitable 011 the part of our people. Despair is a cowardly sort of refuge from misfor? tune-a sort of moral suicide, which disgraces manhood. Om* correspond? ent wisely counsels against such equal cowardice and folly. And he is right in counselling a prompt alteration in our home policy and economy as a people. Wo have already urged re? peatedly upon our readers the substi? tution of the farming or thorough til? lage policy for the more slovenly staple culture-the slovenliness being due equally to the use of negro labor and the .carelessness of the planter. We counselled, besides, the diversification of 'oar industry, urging the introduc? tion, wherever possible or politic, of manufactures, mechanics, and, indeed, all the arts. We arc not prepared, however, to endorse the glowing pro? phecy of our correspondent with re? gard to our magical progress to a rapid, . grand and prosperous future in Caro? lina, or the South anywhere. We would encourage no delusions which might mislead the hopes, or conduct to extravagant expectations. Bettor teach that we have to struggle forward slowly and painfully, walking for a season in the. paths of trouble and ad? versity, companioned by humility alone; for such, we take it, was the design of God when he suffered us to be subdued to our present prostrate condition. Now, assuming this to be the design of. God, the producing a morid reform among our people which is vitally necessary, it seems .strangely absurd to fasten upon cotton'and negr o slavery' the offence which lies in bur popular morals. In regard to negro slavery, we know that it has been the common allegation of our enemies that this was our great eurse. It comes with a bad grace from those who s?ld us the negro, pocketed the money, und then tore their own signature from the bill of sale. We shall suv something hereafter on this head, satisfied, as we are, that a few years will su luce to re? hoye UK, in European opinion, from-all .the present odium in this respect. Cotton and negro slavery, however, are described by our correspondent as our tyrannies, the evil genii which de? spotically ruled us ta our ruin. This ean only be meant to signify that we have been tyrannized over by our wealth-wealth being assumed by the -pious as the great corrupter of human hearts. In this sense, we m ed say nothiugt Cotton was gold-was mo? ney-and its possession, like any other treasure, was perverted from ah use into au abuse. We mocked Cod in the possession of wealth, and said in our hearts, "There is no God." Wc might write a thousand . homilies on this subject, yet would fail to persuade any people that they should not seek the acquisition of wealth, which would be as evd in its effects, by-the-way, whether acquired through cotton, or stocks, or trade, or labor of any sort, or through any other material. But it is a strange misuse of thought and language to find that mischief in the material, cotton, which lies only in our minds and morals. What! Cot? ton! That beneficial agency, given us by God himself-clothing the nations of the earth, giving innocent and use? ful employment to millions. Cotton an evil, a tyranny! What a monstrous error! And how foolish were it to abandon its culture wherever it can still be pursued to profitable results, in gopd lands ann healthy situations. Aud negro slavery-in which* four millions of creatures were rescued from African savageism, and lifted, gradually but certainly, into regions of humanity in which they might gain glimpses of a higher civilization, such as shall correspond with all that is susceptible of progress in their intel? lect and moral. In the cultivation of cotton, wc cultivated the negro, and if he be now fit for freedom, it is be? cause of ,the training of the hundred years of his bondage in these ?South? ern States. The innocent cotton, the poor negro, as a slave, wore not our tyrants! We were our own tyranuies! You might rather chargeons our evil genius, the great God himself who ?avo us fertile Lind's n genial sky, a mild elimilta, groat forests, and ?very variety of noil nnd surface.. We did not deserve these blessings. In mak? ing our toils light, and affording tis great, capital at tho outset, God ?cor- i taiuly conferred upon us no special I privilege to bc lazy, to keep ourselves ignorant, ami to exult in peacock vanities in which we did not sec how loathsome was our laziness, and how leprous was our ignorance. These have been our tyrannies. Ig? norance, idleness and that self-blind? ing vanity, which never let the pos? sessor hehokl himself in the mirror? ing eyes, of other and * wiser nicu. You may say that the possession of wealth, cotton, slaves, or what you will, is too apt to corrupt the morals of men, make thom enervate, indo? lent, serrsorious and arrogant. Ami so it will be always, in nil parts of the world, with numerous classes; but the evil lies not in the wealth, thc gobi which is good, or the cotton which is as good as gold, or the hosts Of slaves by which it is produced, or by any? one of these valued "possessions of mankind, which society builds with and builds upon, and through which she turns the bricks of her cities into marble. The tyranny lies in tho MOM ?twi" of those superior treasures of soul, and mind, and muscle, which constitute the great endowment, the natural capital of the individual man. In proportion as we' neglect the use of our own individual powers, we sub? stitute, in their stead, the arch tyran? nies of evil, which stand ever ready to enter into those chambers of thc brain and heart, when; the inmates drowse and sleep over their possessions The tenure by which we held our slaves, was based upon the intellectual and moral superiority of the white race. If, in process of timo, we trained the negro to a superior status; and if, during the same period, by thc non user of our faculties; our failure, ti? work ourselves, each in his vocation; the rejection of books and education; by our idleness, and that self-blind? ing vanity, that individual self-suffi? ciency, which never penni's tho pos? sessor to behold himself in the mir? ri ring eye ; of other and be ter and wiser ni ni;-f, by these faults and foibles, vanities and vices, we have lost the hold on pur possessions; let us not be guilty of the faitUor offence of charging the evil upon thc inno? cent agencies by which God has thought to confer a blessing, which our wilfulness alone has converted into a .curse. But we must resume this subject on another ' day. There is much that may and should ba said in this connection, illustrative of what I our tni" tyrannies heve been, and to relieve the innocent from unjust im? putations of evil and offence. We think it can be shown that cotton was a rightful bing, but that he had a most wretched premier, und, too fre? quently, a rascally cabinet. He is still a sovereign, though somewhat shorn of his power. . KINO'S MOUNTAIN RAILROAD.-John K, Erwin lias been elected President of this railroad, in place of AV. A. | Latta, deceased. E. M. Law, George Steele, E. A. Crenshaw, J. S. Brutton, J. H. Adams, Wm. Johnston, F. D. Fanning and S. ll. Moore, were clect ? ed directors at the same time. \_"- I I YORKVILLEENQUIRER.-Weare glad to see that thc publication of the Yorkville Enquirer has been resumed. It was, in old times, un excellent paper, and we presume will reassert its former characteristics. It is a large and well printed sheet. GEN. Cox ON THE NEGRO PROBLEM. GHI. Cox, ?f Ohio, proposes a settle? ment of the negro status question, of which Northern journals express their approbation. Believing that, for the good of both parties, some separation should be made between thc white and black races, he suggests that, without 1 interfering with the existing organiza? tion of any State, portions of the country, perhaps of each State, bc devoted to negro colonies. He thinks that the blacks, being thus gathered to particular localities, the degree of civilization of which they are capable may bo readily attained through the patronage of the Government and the assistance of the whites, nil motive for intogonist being removed. The diffi c lby of g deebing and securing thc lo? calities is not solved. The most popular paraphrase of the seventh verse of the fourth chapter of Proverbs, is: "Money is the principal thing-therefore, get money; and with all thy getting, get the biggest per cent, you can." Hon. Lewis T. Wigfall has reached his home in Marshall, Texas. So says the Houston Neves. Ho ' went in dis? guise. Mn. EDITOR: Believing that yo? ami | some of your readers fcol au interest in every good work, permit me to state what has ?recently been done in my field for thc great cause ol' thc Bible. Testaments, to the number of 1,000 I volumes, were given to needy and grateful soldiers, who are stationed in the town of Orangebarg, S. < mid its vicinity. To meet thc urgent demand for the holy scriptures, Bible committees vero appointed at the following places for immediate service, viz: Charles? ton, Summerville, Orangeburg, and Providence, Orangeburg District,'S. C. Tlie committee in Charleston has a temporary depository, kindly-loaned by George W. Williams, Esq., Chair? man, at tlie store of George W. 'Wil? liams & Co., corner Hayne and Church streets. Janies A. Williams, Esq., has the depository at the Baptist Church, Orangeburg, S. C. Dr. ltobert W. Burnham has the deposito? ry in Summerville, S. C. The Kev. J. S. Connor is in charge of tile Pro? vidence Bible Committee, in the Pro videncd'OTcuit of the Methodist Epis? copal Church, Oraugeburg District, S. C. The Santcc Baptist Bible Society," Oraugeburg District, under th?; direc? tion of its efficient president, Kev. Thomas W. Melliehitmp, was granted one hundred Testaments and a box of Bibles and Testaments will soon be sent to this society for distribution. Several Sabbath schools, 01 thffor ent. denominations, in the town and District of Oraugeburg, were supplied with Testaments, amounting in all to three hundred volumes. Letters were received from promi? nent Bibb; friends in Columbia. S. C., and elsewhere, requesting a supply of ?Bibles and Testaments for sale and for distribution. These applications will be supplied in due time. , Bible societies, Bible committee1;, Churches Sabbath and day school.-?, and individuals, may apply to mc for grants <?f Bibles and Testaments for .distribution. For this purpose apply to mo at Oraugeburg, S. C., and also to Wm. A. Hughes, Esq., depository, Charleston, S. C. Let every one that loves the Bible pray, and give, and labor, "that thc word of the Lord may have free course and be glorified." Truly yours, E. A. BOLLES, General A^ont American Bible So? ciety for South Carolina and Georgia. J .ORANGKIUR?S, S. C., Aug. 10, 1SU5. The confession of the Swedish clergyman Liubateh, wi o murdered several of his parishioners with the communion wine, is published. It is a curious document.. These sentences indicate its character: "When one stands beside au incurably sick and dreadfully pained fellow-creature, one wishes, of all his heart, that he might bo released from his heaat-reuding misery. * * * I, therefore, be? lieved that the merciful God would not condemn me if 1 shortened the sufferings of a miserable fellow-crea? ture. This action is certainly, to out? ward appearance, against all law, but hi reality it rests upon grounds of compassion. My God, before whom I shall finally answer, knows this, and with dtjcp contrition I feel myself worthy of the sore punishment of the civil'law for the sinful compassion I exercised towards the dead persons in the ease. * * * You have now enough, my erinn; confessed, my house destroyed, my grave opened. Farewell! farewell, 'Carlstadt! Tl nit day I was ordained your pastor, I was ordained to death. O God! have mercy upon me!" THE NATIONAL DF.PT.-Estimating tin; national debt at twenty-five hun? dred millions of dollars, abd appor? tioning it according to tf?e number of white mah* adults over twenty years of age in the different sections of the country, it has been found that the proportion of the New England States is $308,689,352; of the Middle Stiles $74O,lO0,:U2; of the Western States SH93,2?X,781; of tlie Southern States* 8461,929,84?; and of the Pacific States $95,890,677. This calculation makes' the South responsible for over four hundred and sixty millions Q? debt. i IMPORTANT TO THE TRAVELING Pun I Lie.-The Atlanta ImeUif/encer, of the i 13th says : We ?ire advised tlTat on and : fter tc-day the Montgomery aud West j Point Railroad passenger trains, rnn I liing in connection with the trains from Atlanta, will arrive at Shorter's Station, twenty-two miles from Mont? gomery, daily, at 9.HO p. m., and will leave that station, daily, at 'J. 30 p. m, This arrangement saves six hours in the travel from this point to Mont? gomery, the staging distance, towards tin; last named city being reduced by i it to twenty-two miles. [Aumtsla Constitutionalist. ? >!?????..i i 11 mgm SBSSSrSSBSSS Siurrcn OP TTTE LISE AND S-2nv2c.ES OP CAPT. P. DOVETON, U. S. N.-Ou Friday, after un illness of only a few hours, departed this life, Captain Percival Drayton, U. S. N., au officer universally respected and esteemed. , Ho entered the naval service as a mid? shipman, ?~on the 1st-of December, 1851, and was ordered to the frigate Hudson. In 1831, he was sent to the Naval School at New York, and after a f.yoar of study he wa* to join the Mediterranean Squadron. In 1838, lie wsw* promoted to be a lieutenant, and ordered to command the schooner Enterprise'. In 184.), he joiiied the sloop-of-war Yorktown, and went out to the Pacific. iTetuiming the follow? ing year, he* was ordered to the naval rendezvous nt Charleston. In 1846, he was ordered to the Columbus 74, of the East India Squadron. In 1850, he was ordered to the steamer Missis? sippi, cf the Mediterranean Squadron. Two" years after, he was transferred to the Independence, and* returned to the United States in her, and was detach? ed for ordnance duty at the Brooklyn Yard. On the 14th of September, he was promoted to be a commander. In 1659, lie was assigned to duty with the Paraguay expedition, as aid to Flag O?licor Shubriek. In i860, he was on ordnance duty at Philadelphia. He commanded the Pocahontas in tim attack upon the forts- at Port Boyal, S. C., und distinguished him? self for his intrepidity and bearing in an engagement where his own blood relatives were his opponents. On the Ililli of July, 18t'?2, he was promoted to a captaincy, and ordered to command tho Pawnee. In October, 1302, he WHS ordered to tin' command of the monitor Passaic, and in her attacked Fort McAllister, and participated in the attack upon Fort Sumter, on the. 7th of April, 1863. Ile returned with the Passaic to New York in May, 1883, and wad detached from her. In 18(54, Captain Drayton was ap? pointed Fleet Captain to Admiral Far? ragut and participated in the glorious victory at Mobile Buy. After Iiis rec? tum from tUe "Wost Gulf Squadron in the Hartford, in December, 1864, lu was ordered to Washington to.duty as Chief of the Bureau of Detail' and when Captain Wisc was granted. loav< o? absence, li?; took charge of the Ord? nance Bureau. Captain Drayton was one o? tin finest officers in the. service, a mitiv? of South Carolina, and one of tin most devoted patriots, who never foi a moment questioned his duty whet the rebellion first bogan to nu?J:e itsel known. He was beloved by ?ill win knew him. He was of a lull, com maudiug figure, his features express ing much determination and menta strength. Possessed of ninny socia virtues, he was a general favorite. 1I< was brave, kind and attentive to thoSt under him, and his loss will be dcepb felt by the Navy Department and ai who knew him. 1 TnocBi.E TN PEUSSTA.-It appear that trouble is looming up in Prussia owing to tho suppression by the (io vcrnment of certain public meeting near Cologne, in favor of reform, ii more than ono casi, tho military hov? appeared on the ground und disperse? the people at the point of the bayo net. Sympathizing with thc latter the Liiberals of tho free city of Bro men had appointed a committee, fo the purpose of inviting the Libera Prussian deputies toa banquet in tba city. All the arrangements for tba festival had been made, and we lool forward with some interest to the re snit. "Suppressing banquets" ari perilous experiments for crowne< heads to make. Louis Philippe trio.? it once, and it cost him his throne. I the King ?>f Prussia a Bourbon, too that he should thus learn nothing? [JVtf/r York Express. A SHOOT ROMANCE.-About a yea ago James Sullivan courted a girl ii Sonia Troy, but was "cut out"*b; William Crawford, a returned volun teer, who married the "apple of dis cord." Subsequently, tempted by th large bounty, Crawford again voluu leered. Months passed, and Mrs. ( growing lonesome, end Sullivan bein quite watchful and attentive, the ol lover and the new wife became mor intimate than ever; and when Crav ford returned home the other nighi minus an arm, he found that he ha lost his rib too. He broke the bed o which tho two were lying, beat Sall van unmercifully, and bade a lastin farewell to his faithless spouse. Ala.' how many such eases has the war d< Veloped ! The Boston Post says: The essentia of a watering-place alliteratively sun med up are thus: sea, salt, sun, sam ships, shells, sailors, swimming; < which may be added a thunderix i big bill and scandal enough to lastlt i nino months. XJ-OO.I*.! ?toms? ?1 To insure insertion, advertiser* tre re? quested to hand in their notices before it o'clock p. ll!. This evening, August 22, th^ f,m of a ne ries of entertainments by T. T. Stawinski will take place at tho old College Chapel. Ail who have had tho plearmrt- of attending StrawinskiV Soiro< t heretofore will bail thia opportunity with pleasure, and we feel con? fident he will ba*<- a large attendance. D.vvrnsox COLLEGE.- -This institution, un? der good manag-rf.ent, lias been kept in bu *cessfnl operation during the whole war; not hading suspended its exorcists for a single day during the regular session. Tin; President, Professors and Trustees,/leservo infinite credit for the performance, rt v.i:l be seen, by the advertisement tn thi? dav's Phoenix, that the institution still continue* in operation. Davidson College ranks well among similar institntiohs in onr Southern State?, and parents will do well to consider, ."'bether in the suspension of our own col? lege exercises, those of our Northern sister may not be desirable for our sons. BrROLARY.-Mcre burglary abroad. Vir? tue triumphant. The schools, churches and ' colleges, are having their full effect. Mr. Troy's store was broken into on Satur? day night, and Ids goods and chattels, were freely conveyed away by tito most dextrous robbers in the world. No man's home is sacred, where he is presumptuous enough to have'mo'-e than twenty thousand dollar*. Mir. Troy mnstt know, by this time, that, tber- is an awful interval bi-tw"in S:itn"Iay night and ?fonday morning, in.whicb shop? keepers have no right either for sleep or rest. Pogues never rest, on the Sabbath-a carious fact-knowing how unworthy they are to obey the law.' XEw AnvEimsEMEXTS.-Attention is calif jd to the following advertisements, which aro published for the first tine this morning: Cen. ('.filmore-General Orders No. lb. J. G. Gibbes-New ( roods. 44 4* . -New Flour. Townsend *v North-Plank Dooks. Richard Caldwell-Groceries, Shoos,r?Vc. Oraugeburg and Columbia Stage Linc. "S."- -Young Man Wanted. M. M. Cohen-Goods for Ladies. -Cheap Ligl. . Colle;:'' Chape'- Soiree Mi.::, ale. J. P. Kirkpatrick-Davidson College. ,T. H. Wells-For Sal? or Kent. I P. C. Clarke --New Goods. C. M. Collin- -Dry Goods and Croccriea. Jacob Bell- Citation. . FROM MEXICO.-Late intelligence of interest from Mexico is contained in despatches by the steamship Manhat? tan from Vera Cruz, <>n the '2Srh ult., and Sisal, oif the'30th ult., and Hava? na on the 3d inst. In the city of Mexico, thel mpcrialists were congra? tulating themselves cn tlie fancied bright, prospects of the Empire, and their expectations of its earle recogni? tion by thc United States, for the ptupose of seeuring which latter desi? deratum, it was reported that G-eneral Almonte was ^preparing fora trip to Washington; lott correspondents de? scribe the present condition of the country as anything but flattering to the mtv Government. The Kepubli Ciin armies art; still large an l efficient, and hold undisputed possession of H great portion of the territory of tho country, while tho guerrilla bands roam through nearly every section, still giving infinite annoyance to tho Imperial troops, and the friends of Juarez are said to be gai liing ground everywhere." Kx-Unitcd States Sena? tor Gwiu had left the capital and goao to Matamoros, after having had his plans for eolonizipg tho Northern Mexican States completely squelched by Maximilian. Yera Cruz correspond? ents give "ac'omits of most atrocious vandalism and outrages committed by orders of the Imperial anny officers. GurRAGEs!-The following otitrages occurred in Augusta, Monday night: George Deas, of this comity, was knocked down and brutally beaten over'the head, in the vicinity of tin? factory, from the effect of which ho died yesterday. The deceased was a ciipple, having lost a leg from a rail? road accident during the war. Wm. Phillips was knocked down, and severely beaten and rescued by a few colored men who happened in tho neigborhood. before the assailants, who were white men, could rifle his pockets. ?.A party going home in ti buggy was a accosted on Creen street by three white men, who attempted to pull him out of the vehicle, but he fortunately succeeded in making good his escape ' after a short struggle, in which he gave at least one" of the party a few hard knocks on the hoad. Another eitizen was attacked by three white men on Kollock street, between Ellis and Broad street, by rot being of a pugilistic disposition, and being fortunately swift of foot, he succeeded in retreating in good order. [Augusta CoustUutionalistt From seVcn to eight hundred thou? sand meh have been discharged from the United State3 Army, which, on I the first, o? May, numbered one million and fifty thousand -enrolled men