Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBIA. i Tuesday Morning, August 15,1865. Leay ns to uc Taught. How events teach" the successive . generations,'grho yet refuse to learn \ How the ancient laws of God re-assert their utility and. nece'sjsity, after av ihousand y?ilrs of false and frivolous convention! "Thou shalt earn thy bread in the sweat of thy brow," is the decree. The decree,, delivered as a penalty, duly obeyed, becomes the * secret of innumerable and permanent blessings. Neglected, denied, repudi-^ ated, the law finally asserts itself, aral compels respect from the offender. But a day ago, a worthy, citizen said ta us: "What a cruel thing it is that I was not trained to some gool handi? craft; that I was not educated or taught as a carpenter, bricklayer or blacksmith. I should not now be des? titute. I should have, my secret of employment ami existence at my fin 'ger's ends, and should not now be looking mound me, in vain, seeking what tb do." Exactly! The great effort of mankind, in its blindness, is lo escape labor-to escape the law! Men rush into the professions, or be become accountants, book-keepers, clerks, collectors, agents, (actors, until the country is covered, at this ino m jnt, with swarms seeking easy work, a? they fancy, or work which shall not 1 soil the lingers-all of whom aire in each other's wi^\ It was a sufficiently evil feature in this practice that, in the case of the professions, two out of every three were out of their proper places, and intruders into the places of better men. The professions are properly the fountains of authority and sacred opinion. They are the guardians of society. Let them be inferior and incompetent, and they degrade thc* professions and deprive society of its best securities. The evil consequences follow inevitably in general misrule and i<iin. We owe n?> small portion of the evils which ?now rind us prostrate to the incompetence and worthlessness of professional men; to the wretchedness of legislation ;n wretched hands; to the terrible .dis? proportion of these classes to the physical laborers in the community. And the just judgment of God avenges upon society this usurpation of position by the worthless, and this overcrowding of certain occupations to the neglect of others, which, in the exigencies of society, as at present, become th?only useful. At this mo? ment, the vast numbers of persons bred up as book-keepers, accountants, clerks,, tte., to say nothing of profes? sional ^men, seeking employment in the citie^seeking agencies of business where there can be no business-sit? ting upon hungry benches, looking right and left for the means of food presents the spectacle of a very army, famishing in the? country which they have plundered of all its food. Happy he, of these classes, who has an occu? pation at his fingers' ends-who cali build a house of brick or ?wood, make a coat, a pair of boots, a box, a cask, a horse, shoe, or do any work for which the necessities of society com? pel ll continual demandv Let parents take warning from this condition of things. Let them put their sons to honest trades, which involve labor and tho acquisition of sonni usefnl craft. Let them abandon the foolish vanities which made them strive to keep them from hard labor. If the boy is one of superior talent?, en? dowed for a profession by the deity, th? habit of work and pains-taking will not hurt him for tho professions -will be a help-since labor i$ one essential elements of all educational training. Let him be put at fourteen to a trade for five or seven years, and he will not bo found at a loss for the means of life, whatever the convul? sions of society. And ?lt the thou? sands who go abotit asking Avhere to go, and what to do, go to the fanners and take up th" plough, arri, stripping A cheerfully to their tasks, they'will dis? cover that their banks of potatoes, corn and peas are banks of unfailing resources, which never delude with promises, never to be paid in the hour of trouble. _ . IV.-To thc <;r<-ut German People. After an interval of a week "I re? sume these essays, ??nd will go on speaking of the profits which can be made bf horticulture in South Caro lina. But very little attention has been paid to the raising of fruit in this connery. The capacities of our soil and climate, for this QlPvince of culture, have been shamcofly neglect? ed. A successful fruitgrower, here, is a rare person, "a rara ari's, in terra-" notwithstanding that a few enterprise iug men have shown' what can be done. The fruits, all of them, of the temperate and semi-tropical re? gions, can be produced and will nour? ish here. The apple grows to perfec? tion in the Tipper districts of this State. The plum, cherry and peach grow in abundance throughout the State, and so ?lo, with but few excel**: tiens, the pear, hg and strawberry. The raspberry and blackberry grow wild. Of the capacity for manufac? turing wines, I will not speak here, but intend to devote to it a whole letter, as the soil-is so favorable for this enterprise; that thefsubjeet should be discussed at length. Not only j does the apple flourish here, but it is ?preserved by drying for winter UH?1, | and is freely used in making cider, a very profitable experiment, and for ? distilling it into brandy. Th?" apple brandy distilleries have been proved | to be very profitable. Apples are j greatly waisted in orchards, by letting [the oilals to remain on the ground, a too common thing in this country, where the. people have not been used | to look closely after small things. The j cultivation of staple crops, bringing them large profits, mid making tin m regardless of minor interests however : important. A Gerfhaii horticulturist would go j on in a diiferent?way. He would look io these trifles, not ns.trifles; but as liions of vast importance, in a general economy, telling at 1 ist in money. The peach is dried for Winter us.1; distilled into liquor, or sohl, when ripe, for eating and for culinary pur I poses. I must here remark that, in j lihis State, the peach ripens'much sooner than at the North, and, conse? quently, that Ulereare largo exports mad.', annually, from Carolina to the hitter region. This interest, by-the Iway, is one of large profits. A\ e ; know of horticulturists, ;.s for exam- i pie, Mr. Wm. Gregg, who, in ono season, made over $10,O0U by this bu- i siness, and this from no greater unm- ! ber of trees than would cover three j acres of groi?iid. Having travelled j through this State, and observed and converse? with planters everywhere. I am assured of the truth of all that [ state, and could give the names of many of the most, successful and re I speetablo parties in this country, con ! firming equally my statements and opinions. But when I mention these examples, 1 am by no mean? prepared to say, that any thing hus been ade? quately done in thc way of fruit cul? ture,* Except in occasional instances: It is for our German people to do much more. There, have been some successful fruit growers, quite enough to show what .may bo dom', and the man, who has intelligence and*enter? prise sufficient, to establish a proper nursery, on a first European plan, will'lay'the foundation of a fortune. Mr. W. Summers, of this State, has made? fortune by this particular kind of business; he had employed a Gw man?gardener and horticulturist, and' his mu s TV. not more than five years old, yet kept in order, insures him a I handsome return, annuallv. for all his outlay. HEKMA?fN. THE BEOD?NINO OF THE* END.-We understand, says the N^w Orleans Pjcaynn \ that, on account of the de? moralization of negro labor in many parts of the State, the white popula? tion have vigorously and industriously taken hold of the work themselves, and are producing some of the best crops now growing. The people are beginning to see that under the new system of African labor, or want of system rather, mo farther dependence is to be put in that race, and they have resolved to do their work them? selves. Industry was always honored in Louisiana, and unless African labor is better tlire'cted, we expect to see it disregarded altogether, and our fertile lauds cultivated by the. more vigorous I r od intelligent labor < >i the white man. . ... . ?jK* Spcccli of <?fT? B? F. Perry, 'J/i.t?e Corni ITotUe, Greenville, S. G., on Tuesday, A ugitst 1, on his ret?rti from Wcmingtttt. , + FELLOW-Cr?izENs: I Have mot you this morning, not to make a speech, but to talk'over the incidents bf my late visit to Washington. I started there, thr?e weeks since, as your dele? gate, to ask for the appointment of a Provisional Governor, and the resto? ration of . civil atiAoiity in South Carolina. On 'my way, I met a mes? senger from his Excellency President Johnson, bearing a commission ap? pointing mc' Provisional Governor of . the State. This was an honor 'which 'I had not anticipated, and never as? pired to. On my arrivai in Washington, T ad? dressed a' note to tue President, asking thc honor of an audience for the pur? pose of receiving Iiis instructions, and communicating tm him my views in reference to thc political tone and temper of the State. After waiting that evening and the next day. with? out hearing from th?1 President, I paid a visit to Governor Dennison, Post 'niastor-General. Tin's gentlemau re? ceived me most kindly, and seemed gratified at the account I gave him ol j South Carolina. He assured vue that the President had not received mj note, and vefy obligingly ordered his carriage and went to the Executive mansion to ascertain thc truth of th< mutter, ina short time afterwards, 1 received a note from Presiden! John? son, stating.that my communication, thc day before, liad not been received, and that hu would see me at throi o'clock. In rci>ly'. I stated iii .t 1 would do r-tyself the honor to call oi his Excellency at the hourdi signated and that my friends Cols. Orr, Elford Williams, Huron, und Messrs. Leitch Grady, Gibbes ami Blodgctt, wonk accompany me. We were receive; very cordially, und remained an hon; ? or two with tho President. I told hin that the people of South Carolina ac cepted the terms of hi# Proclamation and were disposed to return to thei allegiance to, the Union. That fron having- been the most rebellions Stat in the South. I was satisfied Soutl Carolina would, henceforth, be ono o the most loyd of the Southern States j That she would reform her Const itu j tion and abolish slavery, give the doc tion of Governor and Presiden tia ! elections to the people, and eipiaii;: j the representation of tho State. I gave it wy opinion that the di. j union feeling of the South had orig nated in the parishes. The President expressed IUIUM1 graf i lied at the course South C ir< lin was likely to pursue, ?iud instead < manifesting any bitter <>r reveugi fi spirit, he evinced groat kindness, sol citado ai!'* magnanimity. Tho who delegati ui was deeply impressed wit tho courtesy dignity and ability c his Excellency. Iiis political viov expressed to us were those of a patri? and statesman. Ho wished to see tl country! once more quiet, peaceabl happy and i*osperous. In regard t thc relative powers of' the State ai the Federal Government, his ophiioi were identical with my. own, so lol expressed in South Carolinjx. *He w equally opposed to the centvalizath and consolidation of powers in *Co gross as lie was to the secession of tl States. It must b left to the Legis] turo of each Staff to decide who sin be allowed to vole in the State. Al attempt on the pu t of Congress control the elective franchise of a Sta would bi' au unwairautal ?le usurpatio ; He expressed au ardent wish to s I the Constitution of South Caroli j popularized by abolishing the pari representation an?, ecpializing thc \ litical power of, tie upper and low country, giving tito election of (i vernor to the popio, and also t elect Lon of electois of President a: vice-President. On leaving the President, h<? j rpiestedmc to call aid seo Mr. Scwai Secretary ol'State, and give him t same information [had given his h cellenev in reference to tlio pub feelings and sent iiurut of South Cai lina. This I'did inoompany with t South Carolina delegation. Wefou Mr. Seward kind and cordial, a gratified at the information we gr him with regard to the politics South Carolina. Eefore visiting 3 Seward, f hud bein to call on t Attorney-General, Mr. Speed, expressed himself airprised and m lilied at# my Rpeeci, made to you .the 3d Ol duly. Pit I soon dlscovei that he had only glanced over : speech, and did mt comdfehend tone and temper cf my remarks, told Mr. Seward what the Attorn General had said. He replied, I n your speech thia nwming attentive and, considering the stand-point fr which you make it^ I think it a v good one. When ? was Goverifoi Now Yorky said Mr. Seward, I usec [make speeches wiich were very '????... -, &? ...? vercly criticised in Charleston, and I said* to myself, what the devil have the people of Charleston'to do with my speech made in New York? I did not speak to them or for them, but to.the p?ople of New York. And I suppose. Mr. Perry, you intended your speech for SoUth Carolina and not for Wash? ington. . The Attorney-Governor expressed a wish that whilst reforming our Consti? tution, Ave should give the election of Governor to the people, and invest i him*with the power of appointing all j State and district officers, with the i advice .'ind consent of thc Senate. I told him my theory had always been to give all the important elections, Posideut^povernor, members of Con? gress and members of Legislature to the people, and relieve them of the trouble oj assembling so rtften to make petty elections, which generally tended to corrupt und demoralize them. I called on the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. McOulloch, "and was very muebf^deased with him as a gen? tleman, a public officer and a states? man. I was furnished in the Treasury office with a list of appointments which I had to make. lu doing so, I endeavored to fill all the offices with men of capacity, integrity and expe? rience. I likewise paid rify respects to the Secretary of War, in company with tho S<>;Uh Carolina delegation, and endeavored to lay before this high functionary the true condition of af? fairs in South Carolina. T regretted not .seeing Gen. Howard, who is at the head ol' the Freedmen's Bureau in Washington. But I addressed a let? ter to him, giving him my views in reference to the freedmen and asking his instructions. The whole South Carolina delegation were earnest in their efforts to impress the President Sud his Cabinet with the impolicy ot garrisoning South Carolina with colored troops. I had hoped to have seen Gen. Gilmore on this subject af T returned through Columbia. The last .interview I had with th< President, he requested iue*to writ? him, and keep him informed as toan\ ilillicnltios which I might meet with in organizing a Provisional Govern? ment. I said to him, "1 have already. .Mr. President, organized a Provi? sional Government for South Caro? lina, by adopting thc ??tate Govern? ment. 1 have issued my proclamation, ordering all civil officers in Soutl Carolina to take the oath of allegiance and resume th?'ir official duties.' "Well?" said he, "you are a most ex peditions G?we.rnor." I replied bi saying my appointment came late, an? 1 thought it necessary to work rapidly I further said t<> him that I wonk have the Slate ready, with her'Consti talion reformed and her members o Congress ejected by the first Monday in December, when Congress con venod. Fn conclusion, let me say to you fellow-citizens, that 1 am well please?' with all that ! saw and hear.? at Wash ing in reference to thc Southern States Let us now ihj our duty, take the oat! of allegiance, elect good and Arise mei to the Convention, reform our Stat* Constitution, abolish slavery, equalizt thc representation ol' the State in tin Senate, give the election of Governo: and Presidential electors to the peo pie, and all will Newell. Immediately after tho Convention has reformed th* Constitution, the Legislature will bi convened io elect United States Se nators, and provide for the election *J members Of the House of Representa tives in Congress. This may all b ?lone by the first Monday in Decem ber next,.when the State will be full; restored to all her rights under th ( kmstitution and laws of the Unitei States. Ox THE KoAP-SIDK.-Coming fror the grove, after (ron. Vau Wyc-k's.tal on Saturday, v?e were surprised t hear the remarks ol' s-nie of th darkies who stood within sound of hi voice. "Book laming*'can't convine them. Oin* said, "Well, he ?was gla de ginral said dey would bab ?h> lan and horses and mules; he thought s ah de time." Another, "Bless d ginral, for he says we can marry anv body now." Strange, too, that, s soon after speaking of stealing, a soi ?lier should have caught no less tba: fifteen or them on a certain plants tion, carrying on a wholesale depredi t?on. Por shame, colored popmatjor. ?What ?lo you mean? We understan that the General, being informed ? this, lamented and mourned consider ably at these .instances of ignoranc and delusion, and" promised to tal more convincingly in future. I Newberry Herald. I At a debating society, a wheel wright -was sahl to bc'the best spokes man. Sa<l domestic explosion-an injure wife lately burst into tears. . -jj_j_L r i,, ? ? ? " SjjBBBg ? Local Iteiais. To insure insertion, advertisers aro re? quested to hand in their not* es before ?j o'clock p. m. Our down town readers are reminded t Mr. C. S. Jenkins has a select stock of pod at his store on Assembly st- eet, where most fastidious can, wc car.didly believe, accommodated. Give him a call. Mrs. Marrant ha<s sent us samples of he? magnifioent grapes, figs, pears and flaches. The reputation of thi> fruit is so universally conceded, that it is unnecessary to say ono word in commendrtion of it. By reference to our advertising colnrns, it will be seen that a new lino of steamers is running from Charleston to New York-the Moueka and Cambridg.. The rates for freigilt and passengers considerably less than by tho Leary line. Give them a trial. ACKXOWLEDGMI:XTS.-Wo beg to return onr thanks '. > the Greenville Mountaineer nud Enterprise, tho- Newberry Herald and thc Broad Liver Ertat Company for then kind attentions to the Phonix. .We shall be happy i?i ri quite th.'ir favors when op? portunity shall he afforded us. Soinr.F. Mrsic.u.F..-Let our readers not overlook the card for thc soiree musicale in our paper, this day, announcing thoconcert for this evening. Let good fathers and loving mamas give their daughters a chance of hearing such m?sicas is not tobe had ever; day. The poor children have but few treats of this sort in these p^rilou* and ptii> ful times. Let thom not forego thc oppor? tunity. Once ill a way, we may surely ?lint the bread and butter of a day, that the young people slymld enjoy a few dreams and visions in Elvsian land. NEW x\Dviavnsr.-\ir.XTs... Al tcntion is called Uto the following advertisements, which are j published for the first time this morning: Brig. (rim. Ely-Freedmen's Bureau. Gen. O. O. Howard- " R. P. jfavrant-Hot House Grapes. Durbec Sc Walter--Gold and Silver. H. Solomon ,t Co.-Fresh Lemons, etc. H. E. Nichols-Insurance Agency. Atlantic Coast Mail Line of ?Steamers. \rch. GettvA Co.-Com. Merchants, &c. ' Darbee ?V walter-Now Goods, female College-Soiree Musicale. Federal Appoint menta? The following appointments of F.od eral officers in South jfcaroliua have been made by His Excellency the Pro? visional Governor: Col. Charles ,T. Elford, Assessor Ai the Internal Keveline, and James G. Gibbes, Collector of the Third Collec? tion District of the State, including; the Districts oi' Richland, Lexington, Edgeiield, Abbeville, Newberry, Pair held, Chester, Laurens, Anderson, Pickens, Greenville, Spart?nburg. Union and York. In each one of these Districts Sub-Collectors and Assessors will be appointed by the Assessor and Collector respectively. Col. J. H. Norwood, of Darlington, Assessor, and Coi. Montgomery Moses, of Sumter, Collector, of the First Collection District, including Horn-, Georgetown, Williamsburg, Marion, Marlborough, Darlington, Clarendon, Sumter, Kershaw, Ches? terfield and Lancaster. In the Second Collection District, including Charleston, Colletpn, Beau? fort, Barnwell and Orangeburg. Messrs. J. P>. SuAvyor and diaries Haskell were appointed Collector and Assessor before the Provisional Go venor received his appointai! nt. B. C. Presslev, Assistant Treasurer. W. Y. Leitch, Port Survi vor of Charleston. v Fleetwood Lannean, Commissioner of Direct Tax. . W. C, Croft, Collector of the Port of Georgetown. Hon. Alfred Huger, Postmaster of Charleston. J. C. Janney, Postmaster of Co? lumbia. S. J. Douthit, Postmaster o%Groen ville. J. P. Wells, Emite Agent G. & C. Railroad. Augustyie Bacon, Boute Agent G. & C. Railroad. C. li. Roberts, Route Agent G. A\ C. Railroad. Dr. Roberts, Inspector of Drugs nt Charleston. Carter Y. Pool, Route Agent S. C. . Railroad. Thos. Miles, Route Agent S. C. Railroad. W. C- Meredith, Route Agent S. C. Railroad. SOIEEES AND INSTRUCTION. YOUNG Ladies and Gentlenien in ?Columbia are respectfully informed that .Mr. F. T. STBAWINS'KI will give DANCING SOIREES, at the old College Chapel, on every HJF.SDAY, THURSDAY and SATURDAY EVENING, with correct instruction Of all the dances. The first Soiree will commence on the 22d of August, at 8 o'clock p. m., with a band of musk, of this city, and refreshments at Mr. McKenzie's prices. Admission, ono dollar aach. Anglo 15