Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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COLUMBIA. Wedn . y, lorri e, Juno 7, 1865. _._ - _ G -?us. j V ? wi . 1 . . may perhaps, with ; .n yr[??'. i ii.-tv he described a? the 1 ' .s. "V. ry. Genius is the very . v.- ,-t intellect ?nd the wing of thought. ]t i- always in advance of its time. It is J the pioneer for the generation which it. i pr?c< des. For this reason, it ii culled a ! seer-and hence, it? songs have been pro phecies. Its promptness of discernment, j its courage for adventure, its energy in j pursuit, and its unselfish surrender, to | others, of the quarry which it strikes, are ) the great indications of its character. Genius is largely endowed with what may be described ns the imaginative judgment -a faculty which enables it to fl}- to its conclusions, long in advance of the slowei process's of reasoning. While ordinary minds attain their results, step by step, by laborious diligence and doubtful thinkimr, . it reaches its conclusions by a flight I equally swift, and certain. Ccdi.mbus-like j it penetrates and passes those wastes which j other ir.en tremble*to survey- Its province I is new empire always, and still conquest lather than possession. The way once opened, it 3?elds the path to other foot? steps, and is never so much al home as when it, leaves the traveled thoroughfare behind it. . Will and Mood. Our will is not always superior to our moods. The heart, is a fine instrument, which the atmosphere easily deranges, j Ordinarily, the natural instinct is to strug? gle fearlessly in the face of death; yet there are moments when the feeblest cou? rage feels bow easy it would be to die, and resii-n itself, without a will, to any for? tune. To struggle niall, at such moments, would l>>* som.-thing worse than death. Such moments are, however, of very brief duration. They ate adverse to our most precious instincts; indeed, it is in the tem? porary sleep of our instincts that we in ?1 ii lire in moods of this erring and debasing character. Life is a duty, involving many strifes ?md embarrassments; tho lear to encounter, and the effort to escape from whLh is quite as little creditable to our manhood as our religion. Columbia. MR. EDITOR: Our duty-that is, the duty of the old citizens-is to shake oiF the lethargy that has enfolded them so closely for the hisi four mouths, and tic-slir them? selves into something like action, and pre pare for the business of life. Do not ?despair. Lift yourselves out of it. Help yourselves and others will then assist you. Your beautiful city is to be rebuilt, and to resume her place once again among her sisters in the march of progress and im? provement. Some there are who have done wonders already. There is nothing like tryine. if it is on ever so small a heall-: it will encourage furl her and renew? ed efforts, and finally end in gaining thc desired object. Lo not let strangers take this great work oil' your bunds. If you longer pause and wait, it. will be done be? fore you are aware ot it. There are gr.-al. and trying impediments in th*ts Kuy; but they will melt into thin air before energy and perseverance. The want of a . market place is begin jiitig to be felt. The people are bringing their meats, vegetable . J:?., to the corners o! il- streets, and dr?.-pp?ng down their commodities and exposing them for sale. Let us have a market, if it. is only a tem? porary affair; and let th; city authorities select some wide street, building the mar? ket house-a nice, light, airy structure, with some nt tract tons about il-in tho .centre; a market, that is a market Let the city father.-, commence action as soon as circumstances will permit; for the question of a suitable place for the above desirable object has beet? in contemplation for a long time. AN OLD CITIZEN. -. BOGUS.-The word "Bogus,*' we believe, is a corruption of the name of one "Bor ghese," a very corrupt individual, who, twenty years ago or more, did a tremen? dous business in the way ol' .supplying thc great West, 'nud portions ol' the South? -west, with a vast amount of counterfeit bills and bills ou fictitious banks, which uevi r had an exist, nee outside ot thc "for get.iva brain" of hun, the said Borghesc. Tli.- Western people, who arc rat her rapid in their talk when excited, soon fell into th.- habit of shortening the Norman name nf Borghcse te -.he more handy one o! "Bogus," and his bill?, and all other bil':.; ?.f ?ike character, were universally styled by tl.i m "BogKs currency." By an easy and nd v.-rv unnatural process of transi ti: i, or metaphorical ten fen cy, the word i ? now occasionally applied to other fraud? ulent pap.-rs, such simm mortgages, bills of saie, conveyance, &c. We believe it has not been inserted in any dictionary; ,.i least, we d.) not rind it eitrtei in Welt Interesting ?lctemjROt of tho Position of iJavis and tile Confed?rate Go? vernment. The Charleston Courier says thnt the following letter was written I?-,- a gent?o man wl)0 oecupiei] the position of private secretary lo one nf the most, infiupntial members of Jeff. Davis'Cabinet through out the rebellion. It comci, therefore, bom one well quadified to set forth the actual condition of affairs in thc rebel capital during the latter days of the rebel? lion. It, gives an interior view of the movements und sentiments of the rebel Government, such an it has not been possi? ble to obtain hitherto: RICHMOND, Monday, May 15, ISO.'. Owing to the mystery of secret sessions and the reticence observed by the jour? nals, much ol' thc real history of thc great struggle remains to ne written, lt is known to the world that Mr. Davis wield? ed to thc I aft the lilli powers of the South, and that the Southern Congress (-ranted m arly all his requests for power, insatiable as he seemed to be in this respect. But it is not Well known that, be was unpopular with the leading statesmen of th.- South. They thought lightly of bi? capacity, and deemed him an incubus upon their cause. Some opposed him openly, but. the major? ity, while deploring his errors, did not i think it a fit period for opposition. Among ? the Sormer class reeve Orr, Toombs, Wig fall, Graham. Among thc latter were j Messrs. Campbell, Cobb, lim,1er and many Others. On the other hand. Mr. Davis had a cordial hali e.i for Congre .... und took no pains to conceal it. One of Ids last [pro? ceedings was to scud in a special message, winch, when analyzed, was found to be nothing less than n carefully prepared bill ol indictment, and designed to throw upon the Congress all the odium in Hie event of failure. This document elicited a severe reply from the Senate, at. which body it was supposed to he specially aimed. Ko person, peri mps, ever occupied a prominent position ^Fho availed himself so litUeof the wisdom or experience of others as Mr. Davis. He was rudely intolerant, of any difference cf opinion, and seemed to rejoice in isolation from those who were likely to express au independent judgment. His despotism over Iiis Cabinet was su? preme. Ile admitted that he knew no? thing of tinance, but upon all other sub? jects made no pretence of modest v. W'heu tho Southern Congress met in November last, Mr. Davis sent in a mes? sage, which wa?, upon the whole, o? a confident tone. Me seemed to take no account of the waning resources and spirit of thc South, ortho diminished numbers of ber ai mies, au .1 .still less o? the con? stancy, determination and power of the North. The members of Congress were not disposed lo accept as gospel this- cheer? ful manifesto, ami accordingly a resolut ion wa.? offered t y Mr. Cr.perton for a joint committee to look into the condition of public affairs, 'flin necessary effect of this was to compel the Administration lo look into its own hain!, and this motion Mr. Davis regarded arid resented as a hostile proceeding. This investigation lasted a month or more, and the resolutions it pro? voke I produced .1 marked effect upon the temper and spirit of the Southern Con? gress, which, som rt weeks after the in? formal conferences at Portress Monroe, I i pened into action. A movement was organized, of which Senators Hunter, of Virginia, Graba in, of North Carolina, and Orr, of South Carolina, were tho leading spirits, to induce the President to negotiate for peace, an.l secure the best terms possi? ble for the South. Judi:.- Campbell, the Assistant Secretary of War, lab:.rid ear? nestly ami constantly Lo this end, and it is understood that Mallory, of the Cabinet, was anxious for the adoption of ibis policy. It was perfectly obvious to the reflecting men of the Confederacy that to continue the contest for independence was a hope? less pursuit-that when the spring weather permitted thc immense masses of'liant and Sherman ti> be precipitated upon them, the Southern armies would be ut. tel ly insufficient to resist the shock. To go on was simply to cause a useless effu? sion of blood, only to be followed in thc end bv ruin and subjugation, lt was be? lieved that while the Southerners had twe huge armies in the fi old. possession of theil capital and un organized Government, they could, witli this show of strength, secure liberal tenus upon the basis ol' ti restoration of thu Union. It. was believe.' that Mr. Lincoln mid Mr. Seward woule favor a policy of conciliation, lu a word these men held that reconstruction wa: infinitely preferable to subjugation. Con tinue the contest, and the upshot wouK: be that no terms whatever could be ob taiued. Views of this sort wore pressed by Mr Hunter and others upon Mr. Davis, am. for a long while it seemed with some pros peet. >>f securing his assent. But. the Rich mond Ti?(jairer, Sentinel and Whiy won furious in their (denunciations of any rc construction, lu a little while. Mr. Davi began to be jealous of Hunter, and he, bi clique and organs, spared no pams to brcal bim down. Feeling that his effort, to sav his State from fresh calamity was unavail ing. Mr. Hunter, nt the close of the session ? . ure.i to his home in Kssex County. Th breach between li;iii and President Davi was complete and final. The majority o both Houses of the Confederate Congres were ready for poner; negot ia lions, bu nothing could be done wiihoui lite cc operation ol the Executive. The nor w.w men and |n-csses denounced ad wh thought there was danger ahead as "creal; i err," and "whipp.*.] men." The nias.-es < the people li i.ei little ol the actual situ; "TfTTTlTTTm"" "y mnTmMMmv^mWlmmmmmmmWmmmmmmmWmm tion, r.nd wore ready mid nnxious to fight na long ns lhere vHs a reasonable prospect of success. There ?ran be no doubt, how? ever, that they trere greatly exhausted and wearied oftlic war. and if their rulers had sought an honorable pacification, they would have sustained them. One of the mer. whose hatred to Davis was most intense and bitter was Wigfall, of Texas. ITe declared that success with Jefferson Davis nt the helm was impossible - that his incapacity and obstinacy would ruin any cause in the world, ami he fa? vored a counter revolution to depose him. He proposed publiclv to coerce Davis nnd Stephens to rosien, and it is probable that tlie President's jealousy of Hunter, who would thus have succeeded, excited by this project, hail no small share in defeating the scheme of the latter to open negotia? tions for peace. * If Mr. Davis were to succeed in making his way to Europe, he would then pass into history as au incompetent who had brought, ruin wu the cause he aspired to lead. Hardly any of the public mon of the .South have any liking for him, and every one wouht then have his story to toll of blunders and mismanagement. As it. is, however. Mr. Davis is a hunted fugi live, fleeing for Iii'.-, with a price set on his head. The Southerners all feel'that the North desiresto punish him becausehe was their (diesen leader aud representative, and as such they desire his escape. At this moment. Mr. Davis rallies around him the sympathies of every Southern mon or woman, and nowhere more than in this city, where thousands have been beggared by thc incendiary proceedings which at? tended his departure. The Southerners "ny that there is un more reason why Mr. Davis should bc punished than themselves for retie li ion. They put him in his posi? tion, ami kept bim, and approved his op? position to the national authority. Again, while ntl Southerners look with horror and detestation upon the crime by which Mr. Lincoln lost bis life, they all repudiate the idea that their Government had aught, to do with it. Even those among them most bitter upon Mr. Davis affirm that be would never for one mo? ment, have countenanced so i ri famous a resort, as assassination. It is not believed that Mr. Davis cherished any personal hostility for the late President or for C?e members of his Cabinet. His hatreds were for the leaders of th- South, those whom lie feared might outstrip him in popularity, Air who ventured to question his infallibility. He hated Joe Johnston and beauregard. He was jealous of Hun? ter and Lee; but. those in the South who mort appreciated and suffered by his re? sentments would be among the first to acquit him ol au imputation of a thirst f.>r blood. Like Mr. Lincoln, it was almost impossible lo obtain his consent to an exe? cution, nnd thus the discipline of the Southern armies was lost, never afterward to be regained At on.; t ime throughout the South, there was a clamor for ivt .dation for alleged outrages by the Union armies. Mr. Davis, Hen. Lee, Mr. Hunter and others steadily resisted this demand, and no light share oi blame fell in consequence upon the Con? federate Government. Even Gen. Lee, the ido! (d' the. South during this war, did not escape censure, lt is well known in Rich? mond that. Dahlgren's command would have been executed a year ago but for the interposition ot Mr. Lavis and Gen. Lee. ll ia well that these facts should be known in forming an estimate of one whose character all are now discussing The same Southern gentlemen who repu? diate as afisurd the idea that Mr. Davi; coul l have stooped to s-o infamous a crimr a-> that of procuring the assassination o Mr. Line?la and Mr. Seward, will tell yoi that he was obstinate, narrow, self-willed domino.-ring and saltish-a man whose faults (d' temper and intellect would have ruined a lar stronger cause tban that o the South. As tlu-y '-peak from this point ot view, their testimony is entitled to tin more weight, lt. is a verdict of acquitta from a hostile ju ny. The ?mount of specie taken hence b\ tho Confederate Government has beer greatiy over-rated. II. d.i.Ino! much ex ceed half a million of dollar.-; but a larg? proportion-say half-was in silver, am hence ttie bulk would give the idea of n great value. The Richmond hanks tool away their specie, and this amount ma} have reached several millions of dollars lt is au error to suppose that Mr. Davi took away this or any amount of specie willi the idea of providing for himself il Europe. Thc balances ot the Confederate Government in foreign countries, con stantly keptupvto procure supplies, ?fcc. arc subject to the checks of Mr. Davis am his Cabinet, and are ample lo inert thei wants if they get abroad. Resides, it i well known thar, when Mr. Davis left hero he, of all men in the world, had the leas idea that the Confederacy was about t' tumble. Thc coin was to provide fund for a war in America-to buy food am munitions ot war. He thought, in hi folly, be could give up thc capital and tb great State of Virginia, and, with th cotton States, keep up the contest unti the North should be wearied out. At th beginning of the war, the seven cotto States thought that, by their staple, the. could coerce Christendom, the North ir eluded; and of this folly of standing alon their leaders had nat. been fully coree Mr. H iv ? baited at Danville, with the ii lennon of . locating his Government then He staye? just one week. On healing i Lee's capitulation, and ?I.et. lhere was i. organized body ot troops between hun an tirant, he set out for Charlotte, N. C , ii teudmg to fix hit, capital thee. Even aft? Lee's capitulation, h? seemed utterly un? able to grasp the situation. Ile" still thought himself able to make war or peace, as he pleased; and it is reported that he even hesitated at accepting I he terms grunted by Sherman, and subse? quently set aside by President Jolinson. After spending three or four day:; at Greensboro, he left for Charlotte, wile re he proceeded to locate Iiis capital, open up Government offices, confer promotions, ap? point generals, ?c. Nothinti could exceed his infatuation. He wasted time which, for his escape, was invaluable, in keeping up the forms of a Government, which had no existence. Thc train of Government und b.irik specie had already started bli? the So'lth. Of his own safety, Mr. Davis seemed to take little thought. He fancied himself at the head of a powerful people, able to marshal armies and ofter battle to the North. He did not realize that his fortunes were desperate. In the midst of ali this delusion came lh<? intelligence that the negotiations were nt an end; and then Mr. Davis and his. Cabinet set out for Geor;oa. Their subse? quent movements and rate of progress arc probably not known in Richmond. Upon thc great mass of thc Southerners, the crash of their Confederacy has fallen as suddenly and unexpectedly as an ava? lanche. They were confident the struggle would last another year, and many hoped j for final success. Il is hard to realize the infatuation of the Confederate Administra? tion. Confederate paper was not worth two cents to the dollar, and was kept, up to this figure solely by the sale of Govern? ment sprei?-which Mr. Tren hoi m put in the market at sixty for one. JTtie Confede? rate armies had wasted away by losscs and straggling. Joe Johnston had some 25,000 men, Lee 35.000, and in all there were not ns many as loO.OOO men in arms East "f the Mississippi River. Kirby Smith and Magruder might, perhaps, have together 26,000 men in all. These troops were tolerably clothed, but thc equipment of thc ai my was inferior. The horses of the cavalry and artillery were inferior, and the former were so greatly reduced in num? bel s that they were utterly insufficient to protect the Confederate communication-. How Mr. Davis could shut his eves to all this, is perfectly marvelous; but he did, and when people spoke to him of negot ia? tion, he doubted and arraigned their pn. triotism. Gen. Lee had, beyond all, the most gloomy forebodings. As early us the 9th of March, he wrote a letter to Mr j Davis, stating that he could neither hold his lines nor withdraw his army with the small number of troops at his command. And yet it is said that, in a speech at Charlotte, Mr. Davis spoke of bis inability to understand why a force of 12,000 men should surrender. Judge Campbell con? stantly pressed upon the attention of thc Government the fact that, the war could not be earned on, in the vaia hope that, unable to dispute the statement, they j would draw the necessary inference, and consent to negotiations Ujj>on the basis of reconstruction. But he counted without j his host. A CONVERSATION WITH A. II. STEPHENS. I A friend who saw and conversed with I Alex H. Stephens, on I oard the steamer at j Pori. Royal, writes as follows in a private lefter: He looks much older than when I saw him in the House in "?7. lie con verses freely and does not appear at all like- a prisoner of war. He says he never saw so marked a change in four years, in any two men, as in Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davi.i. He expressed great regret at the President's assassination, admitted the Confederacy was played out, and seemed anxious to have peace declared and the .matter settled as speedily as possible. His idea is to have the diff?rent rebel States repeal the ordinances of secession and ac? cept the Constitution of the United States and vote on the constitutional amend? ment. He expresses the opinion that the seceding States will not pass it. Ile ac? knowledged that his M iliedixeville speech was almost proph?tie, and that, he went willi the popular current, to- prevent any clash between himself and Toombs. lie appears to have no concern for himself; says he is only anxious to secur-a* honor? able terms as possible for his State and people, the majority of whom, he says, never were secessionists. He is lieut over very much, his hair is nearly whit-.-, his voice is lower and not. so shrill as former? ly, and his hand trembles when he uses it; but he talks as smoothly as ever, and his eyes Hash as in days gone by. Persons Traveling p-'*r"Tpj?^ TO any point cnn be aeoom X?>^?2?Mno.lated with a TWO HORSE SPRING WAGON, at liberal terms, by inquiring at. this office. June 7 3 Mrs. Henry HAS opened a DAY SCHOOL in the College Campus. She will also teach her pupils the rudiments of MUSIC and SINGING free of charge. June 7 2 TINWARE- " JW. SMITH is prepared to furnish . TINWARE at wholesale or retail. All orders promptly attended to, at. Iiis residence, Taylor street, opposite Sidney Park. REPAIRING done at shortest notice. June 7 4* lai?E ! 3FLXO?ES V '"IMUS undersigned hus for sale a small J., quantity of prime whole RICE, and offers it in lots to suit purchasers. WM. SHEPHERD, Winn stree*, near Charlotte Depot. June 7 2* Xsocal Items. The office of tho Columbia Phoenix is on Gutes street, second -loor from Plain. Our readers aie referred lo the adver? tisement of Messrs. James P. M. Stetson A Co. Their stock of groceries. Meines, otc. is said to he very large, and their prices reasonable. These gentlemen are also in charge ol the Charleston Hotel, and, we learn, are keeping ftp thc old and deserved reputation of that hotel. Paroled prisoners have not been allowed to take thc oath of allegiance during tho last few days, from the fact that President Johnson has issued an amnest}' proclama? tion, in which another oath is prescribed. Wc lupe to he able to publish this impor tant document in our nest issue. r?3g"PERSONAL.-All subscribers to tue P.'iicitix whose subscriptions have pired, will plor.se come forward and roiicvv, in speei.j or provisions; otherwise their papers will be slopped. Eg?" We wish it distinctly understood that our terms arc c?afi. No advertise? ments will, therefore, be inserted unless paid for in advance. The Lourd of Directora of ihe Columbia Mutual Supply Association will meet TH I.-. DAY, nt 12 o'clock m., at tho. Guard IIous-, on special business. A full and prompt attendance is requested. JOSIAH E. SMITH, jane 7 1 ' Secretary and Treasurer. Mrs. Pelot's Class FOP the instruction of Younc Undi.s in the beautiful art. of PENMAN? SHIP, will meet at ii o'clock n m., ut her residence. South side of tho College Cam? pus, next door to Headquarter1;. Cia.?.- f.,r Younc Men will meet at 4 o'clock p. m. Terms moderate. June 7 ':, MILLINERY MIIS. S. A. SMITH would inform thc ladies of Columbia that she is pre? pared to attend to oil orders in the MIL? LINERY line, and has also for sale White STRAW BONNETS, White STRAW JOCKEYS, SPRING RIBBONS. LACKS, tte, at her residence en Tailor str?-.-t. nu? door from Assembly. June 7 4* JUST RECEIVED AND FOR SALL AT K KT AIL BY 3FL- Xx- DAVID, Jiiehard-.on Strct, Mr. Fuller's Place. Iy IRCES CALICO. Do.-.en <Jc:,i'? SUMMER UNDER? SHIRTS. June 7 X* WM. INGLISS," ' Barbel MOST respectfully informs his old cus _tomcrs, and tie- publie generally. that he has removed from thc Arsenal Hill to the Campus of the S. C.. (?olletie, where, hy strict at tention io his business, he soli? cits a. continuance ol' his toi mer pat rouage. Barbering in nil its branches promptly Itt Tended to. June 7 f-* Lost, I>KTWEEN a noint three miles thc other y side cf ihe river and the residence of Mr. Wm. Simons. Bull, corn er of islanding street, a G ll KY UNIFORM JACK ET. con? taining sundry b iters in the pocket, ad? dressed to per.-ous iii Columbia. Any in? formation which may Lad to its recovery will be thankfully received and a suitable reward given ii desired. June v l* JAMES S. SIMONS The Misses T-~W. Mordecai, 1]>EING desirous of taking a limited num y ber of pupils, will open a School for young ladies and children of both sexes. All tile branches of an English education w ill be taught; also, French and Music, pen? manship strictly attended to. This class will meet three times a week. Terms for writing, 25 cents a lesson, payable weekly in advance. Apply at Mr. R. Keenan's residence, comer Richland and Sumter streets. Jen'' 7 '?> ~A7.FTM". A REGULAR communication of Richland Lodge No. will be hold /WrtliS (Wednesday) AFTERNOON, at -t o'clock, in the Hall in the Collegs Campus. By order of the W. M. June 7 R. TOZER. Secretary. rf yy f* < ? x> ?P? -P' K ? TP*"v i JAMES P. M. STETSON & CO., 252 KING ST., TN THE LEND, Charleston, S. C., Ci A LL the attention of deniers visit i PK / Charleston to their large assorted stock of GROCERIES, WINES, ALES, SEGARS, CHEWING TOBACCO. SMOKING TOBACCO, CROCKER Y, TlN W ARE, YANKEE NOTIONS, ic, <fcc They are also receiving, per each steam, cr from N~.w York, fresh supplies of BUT? TER, CHEESE. LARD. FLOUR, ?c., 4c, which they offer at the LOWEST MAP. KE? pr ICE for ? -,ch. .Pone 7 fi*