. ? V I l l -
do not seem of that class oj bandit* and cut?
throat* of which 'they:hove been charged.
Several *>/ Wosby'a- chief officer* af? among
them,.TVtr? walk .( Wstrcets of thc town attired'
in. full.suits.of rebel erny; among them I no?
ticed Ll?tlU Col. Chambers, Mosby'? eecond in
command. Hs ia a young, lith?*, tine looking
specimen of' a man. well educated, and alto^
pether.such a om> ns would inspire a person ns
th? beau ideal of a soldier. Iiis faith in the
confederacy is dispelled, and he intends in future
to lead the life'of a peaceful citizen. Another
of Mosby's officers, Capt.. Franklin, is among
tlie paroled prisouers. In ? conversation with
him yesterday, in referring to the blockade
vanning trade on the line of the Potomac, he
says it was very successful, and that the arresta
of blockade runners was only one arrested
where nincty,nino were successful. Ile very
emphatically said that this trade was carried I
on under the connivance of "high-ranked Fede j
. al officers," who, tn use his owu language, were
in "cahoot" with Mosby's blockade runners.
Gun. Torbert is determined to allow no sus?
pension or. relaxation of strict military disci?
pline on account of the prevalence of a state
of apparent peace. ?The troops are drilled
daily-artillery, cavalry and infantry.
A weekky newspaper, to be called the Ka
tional Union, is about to be established here, to
be devoted to general news and literature, the
unconditional return of the rebellious Southern
States to their allegiance to thc Union, ?fcc.
Foreign News.
LORD PAi.Mer.sxo N'S Horus AKD FHA KS.
If thc Federals really bare gained tho vic?
tory over Lee's army, which the Northern tele?
grams represent to have been gained, they
must now be about to enter upon the real diffi?
culties of the task which they have undertaken
to accomplish. It has taken them four years
to do what, at the commencement of the war,
they expected to do iu as many months. Wc
assume, for argument's sake, that the armies
nader johnston and Lee will be uuable to make
any farther decisive at sud against the hosts
which are closing tn upon them from edi quar?
ter?-Grant from the East, Sherman from the
South-east, Thomas and Stoneruan from the
South-west. * * * Of
course, if the Southern armies, or what re?
mains of them, should disperse and prove
unable to bold any of the strategic points, or
offer auy farther effectual resistance, to over?
run the country and occupy it, will be easily
accomplished by Ute armies under Graut and
Sherman and Thomas. But, when it is thus
occupied, what will the Federals do with ii?
How will they be able to deal with the whiter?
llo-v will they be able to deal with the black-?
Slavery, as we know, hos been abolished-upon
paper. What is to be done with four millions
of negroes, whose habitual occupation will be
gone and whose whole life has incapacitated
thurn from following the pursuits and falliug
iuto the system of free white laborers? * *
The practical difficulties of dealing with the
blacks are only second, if, indeed, they are
aecoud, to those of dealing with t.e whites, so
that altogether the re ?1 difficulties before the
North-assuming the Confederate armies to be
broken up and dispersed-appear to be just
beginning We have not thought it worth
whi.e io the present article to criticise the de?
tails of thc military news. When there are
men enough, ot course, the strongest position
h?ld by the -.blest general may be turned uud
rendered . untellable. Tue Federals having
m.tssed troops round Petersburg and Richmond,
till they probably outnumbered the enemy na
much as three 01 .ir to one, were able to at
tack him .with success, but still were not able
'to pr? veut bia ie treat with at Jeast a large i or?
tion of hi? army.
[London Post, (Oov. Organ,) April IT.
?N IKbU VIKW OF KKCOMSTitCCriuN.
Slavery at the South to Qioe Place to the Labor
of Free Emigrants.
Thc publia- witter-.* aud speakers who, during
? I ' I ?' :0 i \" " f" - ;- j
the last three years ?and srbalf, have occupied
lliemseves in demonstrating that the North
could never conquer the South, are now btfeted
with A very different and not altogether con?
sistent problem. They establish, to their own
momentary satisfaction, .that. the South, of
whose ultimate '"subjugation" they scarcely
venture to hint a doubt, can never be held
nnd administered as part of a? free public. It
will be, they urge, the Poland pr Hungary-on
the con ti Ufr. i they are so unkind as to say the
Ireland-^-of America. If the authors of these
; doleful pr?sagea had ever been right in ?ny
?single point arisirg'out of the rebellion-if
they had not blundered from rust to ?nit
upon the military problem-we sliould enter?
tain greater confidence than it is possible for
us now to feel in their political vaticinations.
On every element of the great theme, they
have gone wildly astray. They understood
j neither the material strength nor the moral
character of the Northern aud Southern popu
lations, nor the social organizations which are
(1 ?video from each other by Mason and Dixon's
linc The ignorance--including a tot.il indif?
ference to the facts of American history and
biography-vitiates their, political prognostics
tiona as completely as it has reversed their
military prophecies.
Their fundamental error lies ii supposing
that the Federal Government will have to deal
in peace, mainly, if not exclusively, with, the
I people whom they have been coiubattug in
war. This is not the case. J?ven if we look
solely to the present population of thc South,
we must distinguish between the crimes of thc
Confederacy aud the bulk of ita inhabitants.
The great slave-owners of th?* South-the ten
or twelve thousund men for whose interests nn<!
at whose instigation the war began-will bc
impoverished i.nd discredited. Their aseen
dancy will be forever overthrown. The class
of "poor whites," by whose docile euffragee
aided by the three tiftlis vote, they maintained
their political influence, lias^een thinned h>
thc war; ?nd those of them wnora disease anc
the sword have spared-have been taught some,
thing as to the guidance which they have sc
blindly followed. The elemente of di*affcctior
have been, to a very great degree, burned out
by the war. The class whioh remains-mopallj
stronger than it ever was before, and propor
tionately far .more numerous-never lyjd anj
quarrel with the free States, and ie not now, s<
fur as cnn be judged, illwrffected to the Ur.'mn
.But even if thc entire population of tin
South were animated by the bitterest hostilitj
to their Northern fellow citizens and to th,
Federal Government, and transmitted this feel
k.g to the next generation, the difficulties con
jured up iu the way of peaceful re-union, ot
the bo sis of equal rights and free institut ions
would be by no means inseparable. It ha
o fi en been shown that the descendants of tin
Americans of the revolutionary period lorm ai
exeeeding) .. small element m thc present popu
lalion of tho United States. That consist
chiefly of emigrants and the descendants o
emigrants, from Europe, whose course hn* beei
directed exclusively to the States of the Nort!
and North-west. The moral plague of slaver
has kept free industry outside the region
which are cursed by human bondage. Th
South is still largely an unoccupied territory
Laud once cultivated is now waste and desert
e"d. Land which elsewhere would hive bee
reclaimed generation^ ngo, is still virgin forest
In Yirgiuia, the free population numbera on!
fifteen persons to the square mile. In the a>i
joining free States of the Atlantic ooasts, i
themselves far lesa inviting to settlers, over a
equal area, is eighty-two persona to the squar
mile. Slavery, and slavery alone, has mad
this difference, lt has defraudad net mere!
the negro of his birthright, but the superabui
daut populations of Europe of a land of ur
equalled promise. The wrong done by it t
millions of the old world is only less than thi
indicted on the bondsmen of the new. Whe
unce it h remece?, ut?'? peace ir' rectore?, ibex
B?S?
-.-,-,-J--- ? . . .
will be a ratdi of emigrants from Europe and
the Northern States to the South. A new popu?
lation will arise, which not only will hare no
qnarrel with the North and Union, but will
owe everything to them; and whioh, together
with ita descendants, will, in the course of a
generation, form the great bulk of tue popula?
tion of the South. In thus human deluge, the
relics of the old society will be submerged and
lost. A homestead act for the South would .
briofe to Virginia the prosperity of New York,,
and enable Florida and Alabama to count
wealth ?nd men with Ohio and Illinois. To
effect this end, there will be no need ef confis?
cation. In the unreclai ned or abandoned soil
of the slave States, there are farms for.millions .
of freemen. By small grants of land to the '
landless whites, who arc, or were, the.strength
of the rebellion and the hope cf those who .
count on future disaffection and'troubles, they .
may probably be converted into peaceful and
industrious citizens, thus helping to confirm the
new ord?-r on the basis of the old one, in the
overthrow of which they have been blind in?
atmments.
The bugbear of**a tropical climate need not
weigh much with us in thus forecasting the
future. No part of the United States is within
thc tropics; and Texas, the State which roost* i
nearly approaches them, is the seat of Gerinpa I
settlers, employed in that form of industry-the 1
cultivation of colton--in whioh we are asked
to believe that uo European cnn engage and
live. lu this instance, and in almost every
other, tho facts which are alleged to disprove
the possibility of tho reconstruction of the .
Union on the btsis of a homogeneous society.
North and'South, have no existence outside of
the imaginations of those whose wishes shape
their thoughts.
{Northern {Belfatt) Whig, April 18.
Executive Order Removing Restrictions
on Trade In the Southern States.
The New Y-ork Herald publishes the follow?
ing orden
EPECUTIVE CHAMBER,'
WASHINGTON, April 26, 1865
Being desirous to relieve ?ll loyal and well -
disposed persons residing in the insurrectionary
Stales from unnecessary commercial re/trio
lions, and to eucc-urnce'iheiii lo return to peace?
ful pursuits, it is hereby ordered:
First-That all restrictions upon internal,
domestic and coastwise commercial intercourse
be discontinued in su.-li part of the States of
Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Goorgia, Florida." Alaoama, Missis?
sippi and no mach of Louisiana as ties East of
the Mississippi Biv?r. as shall be embraced
within the lines of the national military occu?
pation, excepting ouly such restrictions as are
imposed by the Acts of Congress, and regula
tious in pursuance thereof prescribed by the
Secretary of thc Treasury and approved by tho
President, and excepting also from thc effect of
this order the following articles, contraband of
war, to wit: Arms, ammunition, and all articles
from which ammunition is manufactured; gray
un-?forros and cloth, locomotive, cars, railroad
iron and machinery for operating railroads;
telegraph wires, insulators and instruments fer
operating telegraph lines.
Second-All existing mditary and naval or?
ders in any manuer restricting internal, domes?
tic and coastwise commercial intercourse and
trade with or in the localities above named, be,
and the same are hereby, revoked, and that no
military or naval officer in any maimer inter?
rupt or interfere with thc same, or with any
coats or other vessel .engaged therein, under
proper authority pursuant to the regulations of
the Secretory of the Treasury.
ANDREW JOHNSON.
IWILL be funnd in the Souih Carolina Col?
lege buildings, in the Library, from 10 a.
m. to 12 m. JAMES D. TRADE WELL,
M>y 4