The Charleston daily news. (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, July 26, 1871, Image 1

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VOLUME XI.-NUMBER 1671. CHARLESTON, WEDNESDAY" MORNING, MAY 3, 1871. EIGHT DOLLARS A YEAR. TH? CITY ELECTION. PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWO CONVEN? TIONS LAST NIGHT. Names of the Citizens' and Radical Can? didates-Sketches of their Life and Character. Great was the excitement yesterday after? noon and evening on the street, especially In the vicinity of the Radical headquarters, at the torner of Broad and Meeting streets, and n?ar . the corner of Meeting and Market streets. The hub-bub was not only because the nominations for aldermen were to be made last night, and because everybody was expecting, desiring, praying, wishing, hoping and loudly soliciting that himself and his friends might receive the honor of a nomination, but still more ?because of the very stormy Badical . caucus held on Monday night at Market Hall, which caucus, in a certain 6ense, may be 3aid to have been continued all day yesterday, lr. *? every bar-room, and at every street corn or, wherever two or .three "Bads" chanced to meet. The said caucus at Market Hall was held with closed doors, guarded by argus eyed sentinels; still enough leaked out to give som? Mea of the Internal harmony of the hap? py family, as, for instance, when we learn that one of the principal points of difficulty was which of two respectable citizens of Ward 4 (with or . without their consent) should be put on their ticket as aldermen. Another a cause of contusion .Is said to have been the nomination ot Mr. Thomas Jefferson Mackey and Mr. Coroner Taft, which brought Sheriff Edward William McGregor Mackey to his feet, inspiring him with a protest more emphatic than complimentary to those two aspiring j young ward politicians. . I One thing appears to be quite sure : The caucus did not fail tor want of patriotic citU .. J zens-icrespectlve of color or previous condl-1 tlon-willing to sacrifice > their ease and db acuri ty of private station, and serve the city, in the capacity ot alderman. [Of course E car- J enger carts, contracts for plankroads, con tracts tor furnishing the city with butcher's j meat, and with medicines, Ac, were not sp j muchas named.] Many of the incumbents, L we learn, were willing to continue to aban- j .-don both .privacy and comfort for the welfare I . of the city, and still others, hitherto "out," I s showed themselves quite willing to co me'1 in." Such was the temper of the caucus-the dif-1 ferences irreconcilable-and great therefore ?^L the excitement among all classes of Repu bil-1 . - cans yesterday-every man almost distrusting every other man of his party-a general un easiness prevailing, but no curb strong enough to control .he obstructives, so as to present a placid front, and a unanimous ticket to the v public this morning. In the ranks of the Citizens" party, all waa'I serene. There had been no stormy caucusing ; ?because there the best man was sought for tb office, nod not the office tor the man. There was consequently no excitement, and no I . uneasiness even. Everybody felt confident that . the convention would nominate a good ticket, representing all classes and all j Interests, and would specially hold In view the Importance ol having men on the council board who would be competent to grapple I - with the difficult problems of finance that may present themselves In the course of their ad ministration. In short, the people were con? fident '.hat the Citizens' Convention would I nominate candidates in whose ability and In-1 tegrlty the entire community has confidence, I . and the event has proved that the people were right. The Citizens' Convention. The Citizens' Convention assembled at the Masonic Hall at 8 o'clock, the president, John' C. Ml nott,-Esq., in the chair. . 1 On motion of Mr. John F. Britton, It was resolved that a two-thirds vote be necessary Xor the nomination of candidates. The president then stated that the conven? tion had'now met to nominate, for the.suf ?ftrages of the people, candidates for the City 'Council. Thesa should be men of well-known honesty and integrity, ot ability and patriot? ism. They should be chosen without regard * to personal preference, and with the Bole view to secure men In whose hands the interests of . all ciasses would be safe. On motion of Mr. Britton, the resolution passed at the last meeting of the convention, excluding the reporters of the press-from the floor, was rescinded. ! The convention then proceeded to make the nominations: WARS 1.-For this ward the candidates were Messrs. 0. A. Bowen, Bernard O'Neill, Moses j Levy and Thaddeus Street. On the first ballot, Messrs. Bowen and O'Neill were nominated by j the requisite majo; dy. Wann 2.-The candidates for aldermen of j this wald were Messrs. W. B. Smith, Charles Michael and S. S. Solomons. On the first, bal? lot Me; sra.. Smith and Michael were nom? inated. WARD 3.-The candidates were Messrs. Jno. Kenny, James Cosgrove, S. L. Bennett, G. .Foll?n, S. B. Garrett, J. B. Howard, Patrick Moran and Alva Gage. On the first ballot Mr. .Alva Gage was duly nominated. On the second ballot. there was no nomination. On the - third ballot, E. Louis, colored, was proposed as an additional candidate. Mr. John Kenny was then duly nominated. On j the fourth and fifth ballots there was no elec? tion. On the sixth ballot Mr. S. P. Garret was nominated. 4S| JVABD 4.-The candidates were Messrs. Jas. H. Taylor, A. S. Johnston, F. L. O'Neill, G. A. Glover, A. H. Haydeu (withdrawn on the sec- I ond ballot,) E. F. Sweegan, Charles Voigt, E. wulla and Holloway. Messrs. Charles Voigt, j A. S. Johnston, E. F. Sweegan and G. A. I Glover were1 duly nominated on the first bal-1 lot, and Mr. James H. Taylor on the third ballot. WARD 5.-The candidates for this ward were Messrs. 0. Wieters, Bev. F. Brown, Richard Arnold and Wm. Moran. On ihe first ballot Mr. Brown was duly nominated, and Mr. Mo? ran was nominated on the sixth ballot. WARD 6.-The candidates were Messrs. B. C. Barkley, E. Gardner, M. H. Collins, *C. Mal lonee,-Streckluss, W. E. Osborne and A. I Slmoads. On the second ballot Ellas Gardner was duly nominated, and On the third ballot Mr. Andrew Slmonds was nominated. j WARD 7-From this ward the candidates I -were Robert Hunter, George 8. Gruber, F. J. Pelzer and George S. Hacker. Upon the third j ballot Mr. F. J. Pelzer was duly nominated. WARD 8.-The candidates from this ward] were Messrs. C. B. Slgwald, Wm. Chase, Wm. Bro wer and John H. Graman. Tjpon the first'I ballot Mr' C. B. Sig wald was duly nominated. This closed the nominations, and upon mo-1 tlon of Captaiu James Armstrong, Jr., the nominations of the Convention, for both Mayor and Aldermen, were declared unanimous. The thanks of the convention were then ' voted to the president, J. C. Minott, Esq to the president pro tem., W. T. Burge, The convention then, at ten minutes ? o'clock this morning, adjourned, 5ub.it the call of the president. The Citizens' Candidates. As will be seen by the following briefs of their character and position in the co: nity, the candidates chosen last night t Citizens' Convention are .thoroughly B sentative Men, lu whose discretion, ii gence and probity the people may repo entire confidence : 1. 0. A. BOWEN.-This gentleman Charlestonian of high character and mercantile experience. For some yeal was a member of the large dry goods jol house of Marshall, Burge <fc Bo wen, now a member of the well-known fin James Adger & Co. 2. BERNARD O'NEILL ls a native of Ire but has been identified with Charleston long series of years, in the course of whii has acquired a handsome property, and e lished an enviable name and character merchant. He is one of our most prom! wholesale grocery dealers. Tucre is no cl more thoroughly possessed ot tfie "onfld of the people of Charleston than Mr. be* O'Neill, 3. W, B. SMrrn is one of the oldest and i successful merchants of Charleston, and ii president ot the Union Bank. The shn ness and energy which have enabled him t quire and retain a large fortune,, caanot fa be of high value In directing aright the pi policy of the city. 4: CHARLES MICHAEL IS a stevedore of standing. He ls trusted and respected bj merchants who employ him, and by the la ers whom he employs. As a native-born ored citizen of Charleston, he has thc c dence and good-will of all who know him! 5. ALVA GAGE is a Northern man, but been a resident of Charleston for more y than we care to name. He ls a-man ol li means, but with unabated energy eontli to direct in person all thu details of his t ness. As a practical, large-hearted and pul spirited man, he commands the affectloi respect of all his fello w-cit?zens. 6. J. KENNT IS a native of Ireland, but resided over twenty years In Char les ten. Is an amiable and upright man, and ale property-holder. Mr. Kenny ie highly pop? both with his countrymen and the old Chat tonians. 7. S. F. GARRETT IS an Intelligent and inc trlous colored man, who will carefully wa over the Interests of his people. 8. CHARLES VOIGT ls a native of Germa and an old citizen of Charleston. He 1 member of the present City Council, ws be is constantly advocating retrenchment i reform. Although not politically affiliated v hin countrymen- in this city, he enjoys tl confidence and esteem, and ls at this tl chairman of the vestry ot the German Luthe Ci.urch. His indefatigable Z?PI ' is acknc edged to have contributed largely towards speedy completion of the new German Chut Of his participation in this great work Voigt has reason to be proud. . i>. A. S. JOHNSTON.-This gentleman basic beon known as one of our most promlni merchants, being the senior member of l lar&e dry goods jobbing-house of Johnsti Crows A Co. Being a mau of sound judgmi and unblemished character, Mr. Johnston 1 been frequently called upon to bold import! offices ot trust, the duties of which he has variably discharged with credit to himself a with- profit to the interests put tinder charge. He will be a valuable addition to I board. 10. E. F. S WK EGAN.-Tills gentleman is partner in the old established firm of H. Baker & Co. He is an ex-president of t jEtna Fire Company, and his portrait, paint by order of the company, now hangs in th? hall. He is now president of the Catholic I stitate. Mr. Sweegan is a stralght-forwai sensible man, who may be rolled on to do ti whole duty without fear or favor. IL JAMES H. TATLOR.-This well-know citizen has been so long identified wi Charleston that one almost forgets that he w born in a Northern State. Mr. Taylor hi always enjoyed public confidence, as is show by the number of Important public posllloi which he has held since his connection wii the trade and commerce of this elly. He hi been particularly zealous in promoting the d velopment of the manufacturing. interests i the State, and after the war became a partni in the colossal firm of G. w. Williams A Co. 12. G. A. GLOVER IS a very worthy colore citizen, a saddler by trade. He is well thougt of by whites as well as blacks. 13. Rev: F. BROWN is a colored Methodl: preacher, his chapel being in Laurel stree His congregation believe in him firmly. 14. WM. MORAN ls one of the most thorougl going Irishmen in Charleston. He is engage in the draying business, and is a truly wortb and deserving citizen. 15. ELIAS GARDNER.-There is not a colore man in Charleston who stands higher tha Elias Gardner in the estimation and good wll ot the public. He is one o? the commission ers of the Markets, and, as a man of propert, and conservative spirit, possesses a large in fluence, which he always uses with discretion 16. ANDREW SOCONOS.-For a number o years prior to the war Mr. Slmonds was en gaged in the jobbing trade- in this city. Whei tho First National Bank was organized, hi was elected its president, and lt has becomi under his direction one of the most fiourishini financial institutions in the country. He Is ? man of broad views and liberal opinions, am Will zealously guard the interests of all classe; of people. 17. ?FRANCIS J. PELZER ls a native o Charleston, and emphatically a self-made man By unremitting labor, singular energy ant strict mercantile Integrity he has succeeded In a comparatively Eliort period of time, ir placing himself at the head of th? largest cotton lactorage business It Charleston, that of Pelzer, Rodger? ? Co. Mr. Pelzer has always given to the public positions which he has held the same zeal and energy which characterize the conduct of his private business. The choice of the convention ls, therefore, an eminently good one. 18. C. B. SIGWALD ls a nai "re Charlestonian, a gentleman who has always enjoyed a con? siderable degree of popularity among his fel? low-citizens, and under Major Gaillard's ad? ministration was captain of the elly police, In which post he showed himself to be possessed of all the qualities necessary for filling accept? ably so important and onerous an office. The Radical Convention. Th's inharmonious body met at the appoint? ed hour in the Market Hall, the president in the chair. No outsiders were admitted, but we have obtained- what may be accepted as a correct report of the proceedings. WARD. 1.-The candidates nominated for this ward are Mr. T. J. Mackey and Coroner W. N. Taft. m WABD 2.-For this ward the convention nominated Sberif E. W. M. Mackey and Vi J. McKinlay, colored. WARD 3.-The candidates were Messrs. G rett Byrnes, A. B. Mitchel, colored, A. Farrar, colored, Martin. Caulfield and Thor Aiken, colored. Garret Byrnes, A. B. Mitel and A. F. Farrar were nominated. WARD 4.-For this ward Major E. Willie, t Messrs. G. I. Cunningham, Wm. Fields, W. H. Hampton and J. H. Albers were nomlnat WARD 5.-The' candidates duly nomina for this ward are. Messrs. Wm. Grant ? Archibald Cameron. WARD 6.-The candidates duly nomina from this ward are M. H. Collins and R. Cain.' WARD 7_John A. Mushlngton Is the no nee from this ward. WARD 8.-James Powers is the nominee this ward. The Radical Candidates. That the citizens "of Charleston mayprope appreciate the peculiar character of the car dates nominated last night by the parti moral ideas aud high-pressure civilization, append a few words in regard to those ame the would-be Aldermen who are not whe unknown to fame. . L THOMAS JEFFERSON' MACKEY was born Charleston, and, like a better known a eanally disinterested patriot, has been eve thing in turn, and nothing long. After lollc lng In the wake ol the Mexican war, Itel ured for a brief space at the Citadel Mlliti Academy. The profession of arms notaffo ing full scope for his ambitious brain, threw the sword aside, and took up the ga pot and peBtle. Soon tiring of this unsayc pursuit, he next became a divinity stude: He made . his debut ai a Methodist, dalli awhile with Unitarianism, then "prepared f holy orders" in the Episcopal Church, Beii still cabined, cribbed and confined, he abs doned the church, and set bis face. towan the forum. To this gratifying fact be ow the abundant store of his legal lore, with whi he periodically bores the public. In conni tlon ^vlth his legal course, we next hear him ss a Nicaragua filibuster. Later still, entered the government service, and duri; the ' '.onfederate war be served ia the Southe army. Immediately after the surrender of t! Confederate armies be figured as u Feder provost marshal In Texas. His political h tory in South Carolina during the last ft years ls tolerably well known-one of t most prominent Incidents in .his career, whl alderman under the present administrarlo being that shooting scrape in the Coun Chamber, which led to his resignation. Ail his retirement under the influence of mc phine, he became the Inspector of lumber, ai lastly, returning to bis old love,. expound* the law as one of the magnates of the tri Justice system. : 2. W. N. TAFT put in an appearance Charleston after the war, and under the PH! bury r?gime became a lieutenant of police. I ls now coroner and colonel of militia. 3. E. W. M. MACKST is the nephew of t uncle, (T. J. Mackey,) and was the shoot?e the scrape mentioned ina preceding par graph. He ls the sheriff of Charleston Cou ty-a pretty profitable berth-and is amor the most dexterous of our ultra Radical poll clans.! 4. W. J. MCKINLAY is a colored member ? the City Council, and by his general respec ability deserves to be in better company. 5. E. WILLIS.-Major Willis ls a well-know cotton merchant, and president of the ?ti Fire Engine Company. He is an active, ene getic business man, and was a useful alderma during Mayor Gaillard's administration. G. G. I. CUNNINGHAM IS a substantial citizei and a painstaking member of the present Cit Council. . . 7. W. R. H. HAMPTON is one of the colore aldermen in the present -Council. 8. JOHN H. ALBERS is a well-known Germs citizen, and ex-president of the German Fl r Eugine Company. 9. ARCHIBALD CAMERON was born in Seo land, but has for many years been identifie with this city. He ls a citizen highly respeel ed, and was a member of Council with Maye Gaillard. 10. MICHAEL HILLIARD COLLINS, a mem be of the present Council, who has perhaps mad more noise in that august assembly than an other alderman, first saw the light of life 1 in the Emerald Isle, but has been for som years a citizen of Charleston, where, beglr nlng in an humble way, be attained, about th period ot the war, to the honorable calling of horse trader, which he followed, with profit t himself, .till chance made him the owner of "doctor shop." During the Pillsbury admlnli trallon he has been (and is now) city apothe cary, as well as alderman. ' Whether or no he audits his own accounts we are unable t< say. 11. B. H. CAIN, formerly known to the lrrev erent public as "Daddy Cain," Is now mort generally denominated ' the "Enlerprisini Parson," perhaps because of his conneclloi with a certain railroad project, tu which he ii deeply Interested, and which he advocate! warmly, week after week, in his dingy shee; -the Missionary Record. Mr. Cain ls so wei known as a preacher, real estate speculator, ex-alderman (under the Canby regime,)-ex senator from this county, andas a politician at large, that we need say no more about him. He ls believed to have considerable Influence on a certain class of colored people. He ii not a favorite with the managers of the "Ring," as he ls too much Inclined to kick In tbe traces. 12. JOHN A. MUSHINGTON is a mulatto, very young and very light in color. He is employ? ed in the office ol Sheriff Mackey, the nomluee for alderman from Ward 2. This official prox? imity to a Radical luminary ls Mr. Mushlng tun's only qualification tor the office to which he aspires. 1?. GARRET BYRNES, a nominee from Ward 3, kept a grog-shop In Suite street during Hie war. Aller the war he hud a similar establish? ment In'Queeu street, and ls now eniraged in the grocery business oin East Bay. Ho ls pro? bably nominated I hat he may keep the new council in good spirits. 14. JAMES POWERS is an Irishman, and best knowu to the public as thu -head-centre of a Fenian circle in this city. 15. A. B. MITCHELL and A. F. FRASF.R, the nominees from Ward 3; WM. FIELDS from Ward 4, and WM. GRANT from Ward 6, make up . the rest of the Radical ticket. Who, or what these are we are unable to state at this present writing. In the language ol the Radi? cal organ-"They are so obscure that their own mothers would not know them." The Chairmen of Precinct?, The following have been elected by their co managers to be chairmen of the polling pre? cincts : Ward 1-J. J. Young. Ward 2-F. M. Johnstone. Ward 3-First Precinct,-; Second Pre? cinct. A. B. Mitchell: Third Precinct, J. W. Lloyd. Ward 4-Flr8t Precinct, L. T. Gardner; Sec conrl Preclnt, S. G. Russell; Third Precinct, H. J.N.King. . Ward 5-First Precinct, W. S. Fraser; Sec? ond Precinct, B. A. Carson. . Ward 6-Flrst Precinct, J. H. Happoldt; Second Precinct, Charles Lining; Third Pre? cinct, 8. G. Proctor. ; Ward 7-J N. Gregg. Ward 8-First Precinct, J. M. Dereef: Sec? ond Precinct, J. F. MasonV THE GERMAN NAYY. ITS FORMER AND PRESENT CONDITION -THE NEW NATAL STRONGHOLD. The System of Naval instruction-How thu . Officers and Seamen of the Navy are Obtained. WILDEUTSHAVEN, June 24. Ia the year 1847, there iras a Germany.after a fashion, but \hat Germany bad no fleet, or any notion of a fleet. In the year 1848, there were ideas of a German Empire, to be con? stituted in some revolutionary fashion or other by a constituting Parliament sitting at Frankfort-on-the-Main. It seemed good unto this inchoate Empire that it should have a fleet, the suggestion being owing chiefly to a member named Eerst, who had first been a schoolmaster, and then lived l'or a'long time In Brazil. A fleet of some. kind was got UK gether-If a curious collection of the "cast" crafts from other'navies could be called a fleet -and then came the question about a port on the North Sea, for any port on the Baltic obviously bad Its disadvantages. A committee was delegated, with the right of secret slt [ tings, to inquire into the capabilities or cer? tain localities for havens, Eerst being the moving power In the matter. While the com? mittee was deliberating, and had almost con? cluded a provisional bargain with the Grand Duke of oldenburg for Wilhelmshaven, there came a crisis In the affairs of the problematical German Empire. . Its fleet was put up to auc? tion. What came.of the offal lt Is not easy now to discover; the ships that least merited breaking up were bought at auction by Prus? sia. Prussia, too, assumed ibe Wilhelmshaven negotiation, and concluded lt In the year 1853, buying lrom Grand Duke Peter a slip of bul rush waste land, measuring about-3150 acres, extending from the Banter Creek on the south to Heppensertrilt oh the north, for the sum of $375.000-a purchase not profitable on the face of lt, but made with the'view of convert? ing the bulrush waste Into a great naval port and arsenal. Since then the boundary ot 1853 has been extended some little dis? tance inland. The construction of the war haven was commenced in the year 1854. but was proceeded with In a very languid manner for seveiai years. The annual sum expended In the work for the first ten years was never greatly over $250,000, and when the magnitude of the plan ls considered, lt ls obvious that such a vote as this was a mere drop in the bucket But tn 1866 the works were pushed on rapidly, and the expenditure became more liberal; till, on the 17th of June, 1869, the new harbor was opened in form by Wilhelm, then King of Prussia, now Emperor of Germany. The opening was In form in every sense. It le true the basin, canal and moles were constructed, but the harbor was yet dry land, or, at tbe most, mud, when thus formally opened. A British ship ot war, the Meteor, was present at the opening. Not be? ing gifted with tbe capacity of vaulting over earthen dykes and progressing on dry land, she lay outside in the buy. The works con? tinued to progress until the declaration ol war between France and Germany In July ot last year.- At that date Wilhelmshaven was but a naval port In name. No German ship of-war had ever steamed Into its basin, lt existed Indeed, and the port had been opened, but only by the nod of a King. An earthen dyke Billi extended acrosn its mouth between the moles, excluding thu sea water'wholly from the new port. Shortly before the declaration of war, a North German squadron, consisting of the K?? nig Wilhelm, the Kronprinz, and the Prince Friedrich Carl, had come to England, on Its way professedly to a voyage to the Azores. ; The K?nig Wilhelm had nine Inches ot foul? ness on Us bottom, for there was no dry-dock In German waters where the monster ship could be berthed and cleaned. Its speed was thus reduced from 14 to 8 \ knots. Its cylin? ders were on an old and obsolete principle. In coming through the Kattegat the Prince Friedrich Car! had broken off l wo of the four fans of Its screw. But the squadron quitted Plymouth lu July, nominally on the way to the Azores, yet with a forewarning of what was coming, with secret orders not to poss the Land's-Ena, and with a rendezvous given at the Start. An aviso from the flagship put into Dartmouth without hoisting the North Ger? man flag. An officer ran up to London, saw Count Bernstorff, and came down again with dispatches. On the 18th ot July the German squadron was in the mouth ol the Jade,' while the Frencb and most of the rest of the world believed lt quiet? ly jogging across the Atlantic to the Azores. There were but three ships, not In the best condition for offensive operations, and, looking al the strength of the other side, not calculated lo Inspire great confidence as regards defensive capabilities. The three ships lay across the mouth of tb e Bay of Jade, op? posite to the Island of Wnngeroog, at tue point where the channel ls narr J west and obstruct? ed with banks. The protection of the Weser was tardily confided to Alleen torpedo-boats, that oi lue Elbe to six torpedo-boats (sleam launches. ) Trie position seemed critical lu the extreme. It is a well authenticated fact thar, up to the month of August last, there was not a single gun lu position on the German coast of the North Sea for defensive purposes. It the French fleet, as might reasonably have been expected, had driven in ike delences con? stituted by the three Iron-dads at the mouth of the Jade, the works of Wllhemshaven lay at their mercy, and there waa no retreat for tho German irou-clads, lor the earthen dyke still Blood across the throat of .the harbor of Wil? helmshaven; and even it this had not been the case, it was in an utterly defenceless condition. How the French never came is now a matter of history. Meanwhile, extraordinary ex? ertions were made to remedy the delenceless condition ol' ihc northern coast. Yet the bat? teries protecting tho Elbe were not finished till October, and mounted with 600-pounder guns, some little time before this a battery of 300-poundcr guns was got Into position at Wilhelmshaven. Now, there are two batteries oi guns of this calibre on either side of the en? trance to the harbor. At Heppenserlrif "a large fort is In course of construction on a slight projectloninto' the bay. Its casemates are now about to be arched In, and its scarp is about finished. It will mount when finish? ed-and no time is to be lost in its completion -about 4011-mch guns, which will command Hie fuir-wavleading to the mouth of the har? bor. Another fort on the opposite side ot the bay-here about 6lx miles across-is buildln and an Iron-clad fort ls to be erected in the centre of the channel. It ls reckoned, and I Justly 60, that these defences, combined with torpedoes and obstructions to be laid down In the fair-way In case of need, will render Wil? helmshaven impregnable on the sea side, while a chain of earthwork redoubts on the landward side effectually meet the minor dan? ger in that direction. One of the defects of the place-that of want of good drinking water-Wilhelmshaven has overcome. Springs have been discovered, and watet is now obtained, so that the tanks ol the largest ship can be filled at once with good water. Another apprehension-viz: that the channel aud harbor mouth wore liable to becomo silted-ls contradicted; and lt seems probable that any tendency ihereto may be averted by the steady use of dredgers, which certainly are not spared. In I'ecembor lost, taking "advantage ol' a high tide, the Konli: Wilhelm came in, drawing about thirty feet ol water. But Wilhelmshaven is surely, in the eyes of the German naval authorities them? selves, Ihr from the beau ideal of a harbor for a war fleet, lt Is utterly deficient In aggres? sive facilities, while lt presents facilities of an obvious character, not for being attacked, it ls true, but for being blockaded. Like all creek harbors, ll Is very much of the nalure of a prison. There is a point In the passage out where the fair-way is not over half a mlle broad. With a blockading squadron of very moderate force concentrating a fire on a gulley like this,. not to be traversed save by a single ship at once, a fleet in Wilhelmshaven, trying to come our, would simply be sent to the bottom, ship utter ship. Of course these very defeots lu an aggressive sense enhance Its merits in a defensive one; but then lt ls a wrong application of the utility of a fleet to slow lt away behind big land batteries at the bottom of a gut, and imagine that a triumph has been achieved when annihilation has been escaped. Such a port as Wilhelmshaven ls .Just the pori I? nullify the boldest exertions on the part of. ?? peet fleet having it as a base of op?rations, providing always that a hostile fleet were prompt to take lime by the forelock and blockade the exit. The German coast of the North Sea ls emphatically an Ineligible coast In point of aggressive facilities. - The Prussian war navy handed over to the North German Confederation and now become the Imperial navy, owes its initiation to Prince Adalbert, who ls now the admiral command? ing lt. In the early days it was officered part? ly by officers of other nationalities, and by. suitable men taken from the merchant navy. A naval school for training young officers was, however, very soon Instituted, and for a long time none have been admitted into the navy except through its portals. The following are the tests applied to a young officer to Insure his efficiency: The entry ot a cadet is ad mis sable between the ages of 16 and 17; the appli? cant must come with a certificate that he has passed a gymnasium examination In the first class, and has, in addition, to pass a stiff ex? amination in arithmetic, geography, trigo? nometry, stereometry, spherical trigonome? try, physiesi (comprehending optics, acoustics, heat, electricity, magnetism, electro-male? na tn and Induction,) geography, (phvsical and political,) French and English languages, drawing; and when not educated in gymna? sium, history and' Latin in addition. The - aspirant then serves for one year in the cadetsulp, when he goes up for his examination for the raak of midship? man. The lad then goes afloat cm service for two or three years as midshipman, and then enters the Naval School'at K el where he studies for a year br a year and a half, at the end of which time he presents himself for his examination to pass from midshipman to lieu? tenant. This examination covers the same ground as the former, but ls much more testing. He is probed to the bottom In navigation and seamanship, including tactics. Having shown himself to be an Admirable Crichton, ne-ls then at liberty to walt for his yticancy as 6?b lieutenant.- When midshipman,- he enjoys the 'dally-pay of forty cents on shore, afloat, fifty or sixty-five cents extra as table money. He must serve two years at least as sub lieuten? ant before promotion to lieutenant, but the average ls from three to five years' service prior to the occurrence of a vacancy. After an average service of about six years as lieu? tenant, ne becomes captain-lieutenant; As captain-lieutenant the term of service may average about six years, the next grade being commander; the higher ranks are captain and admiral, the attainment to which ls wholly dependent on the occurrence of vacancies. . Promotion is, without exception, by seniori? ty ; lt being assumed, and surely not without cause, that efficiency ls secured In all by the rigorous examinations which have to be un? dergone. The naval service ie,' with the ex? ception of the officers of the merchant service taken into lt at the beginning,'and still re? maining wholly an aristocratic one. It ls the fashion tojoin the naval service, and lt is at once compulsory and the fashlot to pass good examinations in that service. It is an achieve? ment, the secret of which, the Germans seem alone of European- nattons to have mastered, how to make lt the fashion with young noble? men to work, as he who w,orketh that he .may five. Every ship in the German service, even the smallest gunboat, ls provided with detail? ed drawings and sections of every foreign war ship. Its weak points are specifically stat? ed, and details given as to the- spots lo be aim? ed at with the most likelihood of disabling tho machinery. "My word," Jo quote Ute naive remark of an o (Beer with whom I happened to? have conversation on this topic--"My word, I know the ships of the British fleet better than tluiir own young officers." Ar.d, I saw enough to make me certain that this was no empty boast. Every ship possesses accurate and de? tailed charts of the naval* ports of the world; and the examination to which officers are sub? ject on this, as well as on other topics, Insures their acquaintance with them, so that pilots, the want of which was one of the piteous complaints of the French naval officers on the farcical northern cruise ot their fleet, are capa? ble, in emergency, of being dispensed with. "L'Orient is a very aifflcult port to make; I would not like to try that without a pilot. Plymouth ! there ls not a .lieutenant in tho German navy who could not take a trip into Plymouth In the night time." This was what a naval officer quietly told me, with whom I happened to bave a talk on maritime affairs in a Berlin restaurant, and his testimony ls con? firmed from other sources. It seems plain Germany does not want for navEd officers, ber lack ls of a fleet and of a seaboard. - The solu? tion of the fleet problem ls simple, If costly; the consideration of the other matter Involves questions into which I do not feel called upon to enter. O n? word about the seamen. They are drawn from the seafaring population in the same manner as the army is from the inland popu? lation,- the term of service being for three years. There are four classes. The first classi from which the petty officers are found, comes from a naval school, the pupils of which enter as boys, and are taught seamanship in youth. The term of service of this class ls 12 years, after which they are provided tor in various capacities In the civil service of the Crown In the same way as long service non-commission? ed officers ot the army. The pay of the first class seaman Is about 30 cents per day. in ad? dition to food and clothing. It does not seem to be the custom to retain, while sblps are not in commission, the services of^any save these first-class men. At Wilhelmshaven there are only about 200 sailors, who live. in barracks on shore, and are all first-class men, In every sense of the word. Some difficulty might be experienced In getting together efficient crews for a fleet at short warning. It Is not sufficient to have gm? seamen such as the merchant service would furnish; it would seem to a non prolesslonal man that some experience in the bandling of great guns would be advantageous'. It is not easy to see how they can be obtained with a scratch crew: nor ls lt easy to see how, if Indiscriminate and un? conditional discharges are given when a ship ls paid off, anything but a scratch crew can be got together on short notice, taking into con? sideration the long absences from home of so many seamen. Not the least Interesting ques? tion affecting narai matters which the late war brought up was that o? torpedoes. The opinion of those whose experience of them was largest ls not favorable to the value ot fixed torpedoes. It ls impossible to be certain that they remain stationary. "You never know where they are," was the pitty remark made to me concerning those at the mouth of the Jade. Often they go adrift and get in a tangle in a single night, and they block the road for friends as well as foes. The best means for the application ol torpedoes ls judg? ed to be by means o? boats constructed spe? cially as torpedo-boats, which in a single night can lay down a belt ot torpedoes in a fleet's pathway, or a ring of them round a fleet, in? suring the minimum of possibility of getting adrift. But my informant's sententious sum? mary was, "Torpedoes will never supersede loris, ships und big cannon, although they may help at a pinch." . WASHINGTON NEWS AND GOSSIP. Tho Ku.Klux Committee and the Mis? sissippi Outruges. WASHINGTON, July 25. Among the Ku-Klux wi messes to-day was a member ot the Oxford, Mississippi, grand Jury. He was a Republican. Their Investigation ol' disorders showed that politics had nothing to do with them. Their taxes were increased three-fold; school teachers were sent among theni at lilty dollars per mouth, :?nd were not content with such bullditurs as Hie counties could furnish, but must have new.ones for their average ol'. 25 negro scholars. The co? habitation ol'negroes willi white women al? ways provoked assault, but the majority of cases had their origin in theft. The board of public works being enjoined from negotiating tor a million of bonds, have stopped work on the streets, avenues, alleys, Ac, and many aro- thrown out of employ? ment. SPARKS FROM THE WIRES. -Charles Dyke, assistant engineer of Ful? ton's first steamer on the Hudson, and en? gineer on the first boat, down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans, died yesterday, aged eighty-five. -^A Washington dispatch says.* "Dr. Walsh, who is here, bas a dispatch from Wllmans A Kt nc man that they arranged'the Savannah customhouse defalcation satisfactorily." \ -Red Cloud's preparations for war are con? tradicted. -The Supreme Court of Georgia, yesterday, In the Macon and Western Railroad Injunction case, decided In favor of the lessees. -General Gordon has gone to Washington to appear belora the Ku-Klux Committee. A BRIG ASHORE. NORFOLK, July 25. The brig Muscovado, with a cargo of sugar, bound for Baltimore, ls ?ashore on Body Island. Assistance will be sent to ber from here. FRANCE AND THE POPE. PIUS READY TO LEAVE THE ETER? NAL CITY. [ His Expected Residence in Corsica and Territorial Independence-Terrible Earthquakes tn the Phllllpine Is? lands-Thiers Refuses to Accept the Resignation of Jxles Favre. LONDON, July 24. [Special to the New York Herald.]-The Pope may leave Borne at'any day; Prepara? tions are making for his reception at a chateau at Carte, Corsica. Valery, the owner.of the chateau, has had aa understanding with Anto? nella and ls to place it at the disposal of the Pope. There ls a movement going on In France to guarantee to the Pope temporal sovereignty over Corsica. The disposition rxade by the French Chamber of petitions lu regard to the Pope's temporal power ls equiva? lent to laying them on the table. The Pope wishes to publish a syllabus In regard td the occupation of Borne by the Italian Govern? ment, and declaring that the measures with? holding from him all temporal power are void. Measures have been taken already in Borne to J prepare for a choice of the next Pope. It ls proposed to choose one who : s moderate in his ideas and not unfriendly to Italy, and by this mearft effect a compromise with the Italian Government. Cardinal Camillo di Pietro ls mentioned. LONDON, July 25. The Standard publishes details of a series of terrible earthquake shocks which recently oc? curred in one of the Phllllpine Islands. More than two hundred persons were swallowed up, and every one, of them almost Instantly killed. Sixty bodies of the dead have been recovered. The rest .of the inhabitants fled the island, which ls utterly depopulated. Dispatches from Madrid in relation to the re? cent ministerial case aro somewhat confused, for lt now appears the members of the cabinet formed by Marshal Serrano have taken the' oath of office. The Minister cf War acts as Minister of State ad interim. Many Spanish officials have tendered their resignations. Russia has given in her adhesion - to the In? ternational Telegraph Convention of Vienna. This brings Bitsslan lines to Amoor and the De-id Bea under operation upon the. terms of that convention. PAWS, July 24. Journals are discouraged at the apathy shown by citizens In elections, abstentions from voting on Sunday having reached an un? precedented figure. The Souverain National warns the people that a nation which takes no interest In Us own affairs ls condemned to ruin. VERSAILLES, July 26. President Thieu has refused , to accept the proffered resignation of Jules Favre as minis? ter ot foreign affairs. The reassembling of the courts martial ls positively announced for July 31st. ._? TOE COURSE OF COTTON. Predictions of Prices. [From the. New Orleans Price Current] If a diagram of cotton prices for the last few years should be made, the lines would be not unlike the course of a bat In its Sight after food; lt would be serrated by many very sud? den zigzags In its general, lines of ascent or descent. These sudden spurts or drops in cot? ton price are generally explained or accounted for to the satisfaction of some theorist of price; but the fact carries an unappeasable chagrin to the heart of the unlucky dealer. In truth the subject of cotton price may not be reduc? ed to any fixed principle, except that very vague one of supply and demand. The sim? plest way to treat this elusive principle ls to keep an accurate tally of the growth and store of cotton, and then predict that as the stock on the 1st September of one year is to the stock ol the 1st September the next year, so must the price of the one year be to the price of another. Those who assume to represent the consumer apply the same facts to their own predictions. Here then begins the war between the factions called the bulls and bears, each diing such , circum? stances as may affect the growing crop, or the probable caps cl ty ot tbe consumer to pur? chase. It ls at last this proportion between a comparison ot current stocks which really regulates prices; though, Indeed, a strict pro? portion between stock and price ls never pre? served, and never caa be, because l he term demand means really capacity to purchase, aud this capacity depends upon as many and os potent elements as the price of corn and of gold. The state of finance, the prevalence ol wars or other expediencies, or a decline in the rate of wages; these influences all enter into the ability of the consumer to purchase, for no matter how much a man may need a shirt, his demand ls not felt In the cotton mar? ket if he ls wlibout th? meaus to purchase, lt ls the ultimate withdrawal, of these casual customers from the market and their reappearance, which occasions those abrupt dips and differences in the ascending and de? scending lines of cotton price. The consumer may not be immediately and personally pres? ent, but his demand Is anticipated by the spec? ulator, whose expectations may after all be disappointed. We may take an example from the recent war between Germany and France. The general food markets of these countries did not advance materially, because the peo? ple must be led'ln the field or ai; home, and os .tbe war was 6hort tho waste was small. With? out food there could be no effective war, nor domestic quiet. The clothing demand was sub ordlnate,the people dedicated their wages to the primary demand of the stomach-the back must walt. Hence the large mass of cotton consumers wore scam, or patched cotton cloth? ing. They were not represented by purchasers In the cotton market. The restoration of peace, and the return ot the soldier to the Held or workshop, renewed wages. This large class of consumers acquired again the power to purchase, and again represented demand. Simultaneously with ihis restoration Hie price of cotton labrics rose. It may have been the cause of the rise. It must have hau its effect. The application of this fact goes to show that as there always must be some great Industrial calamity occurring somewhere among the civilized consumers ol' cotton, it is by no means safe lo predicate an advance ot price on a reduction of product, or vice versa. The normal price steadily advances or declines with the increase or dlmunillon of the quanti? ty, bul the exceptional rates occasioned by cir? cumstances which no human loresight can anticipate, render speculation In cotton per? haps the most precarious of all commercial pursuit?. It makes a man's bank balance shill like a weaver's shuttle, and, while be watches tbe swill mutation, his life is wear ins away, and his substance is whittled down by inevitable brokerage aud Interest cu capi? tal. How much belter for us that this cotton should be manufactured at home ? The capi? tal and enterprise of our citizens would then be occupied with a permanent and profitable business, aud thc gain of the cotton dealer here would not be based, os ol;en at present, upon the losses .ot his customer elsewhere. Let us spin, weave and print our own cottons,' and thus monopolize all the profit which is now enjoyed elsewhere. OFFICIAL DECAPITATIONS IN TETE CRESCENT CITY. NKW ORLEANS, July 25. The City Council to-day removed from office Recorders Sloes, of the second district, and Dumont, of the lil th district. No cause is as? signed lor the removal, but lt is said that Gov ertior Warinouth directed them, because lt ls ; believed that these persons opposed his ad? ministration. Frederick Seymour, an officer of the steam? ship Sadona, at this pori, tell overboard and was drowned on the isth. instanl off the Frying Pan Shoal. The weather for the past two days has been cool and pleasant. THE GOULD DEFALCATION. How a Hie? Little Game war Played in ?Savannah-Where the Government Money Went. [From the.Savannah Newa] For some time past A well-known revenue official has been engaged in trying to unravel the transactions of the late defaulting collec - tor, but failing to interview him out of any of the facts obtained, and desiring to know both, 'sides, we undertook to And - ont oars elf, and the result o? the investlgattonris as follows : . In the summer ?f 1870 John H. Gould and E. W. Kendall purchased In Boston a -large amount ot furniture on credit, which, they shipped to-this city and opened the house on Broughton street, under the firm and style of w. Krzyzanowskf ? Co. The company was a merchant of this city, Kendall being em? ployed on a salary. There was no money paid in up to the time the house opened, ex? cept $2000 paid for Gould by another party, . to defray the expenses incidental co ' opening the house, Ac. : Afterwards Gould - paid ut $32,000, which was credited to all parties, as follows: To Krzyzanowskl $6000. and the balance to Gould and the' party ! already relerred to as the company. A short time before Gould-left,' Krzyza I nowskl, not having come - down with the stamps to cover the amount placed to his cred it, withdrew, leaving the whole nnderth?con trol of the remaining partners. -The concern was then sold out to still another party here, whose not?s were given to tho silent partner, known as the "Co.," for about $24,000, which were, subsequently turned over to a merchant on the Bay, who sold out the stock at auction through Messrs. Bell A Hull, and received the proceeds, so says the last bookkeeper In the concern. This accounts tor $32,000 that Gould did not lake away with him. The balance of the $59,000 ctyalcation, viz.* $27.000,'lt ls said was' also not taken by Gould, but by others, as lt is expected can be proved. So that alter all, Major . Gould .weat,away minus, except the money he borrowed a day or two before he departed, to pay n Is travel? ling expenses with. It is said that Hrs. Gould ls now in Washington, using- her endeavors to obtain promises that her husband will not be prosecuted if he returns. It ls thought she will succeed, and that the major will return and make a olean breast of rio whole business. The United States district attorney has re? ceived instructions to. prosecute two citizens of Savannah as accessories to the defalcation. Major Gould 1B now summering at 8L-Geo ree's, Bermuda, within about tour days' sall of Sa? vannah, where he is enjoying .the retirement of which he ls so much In need, beyond the reach of his enemies and the Inti uenoo of his friends.' THE WEATHER TRIS DAT. WABBINQJON, Joly 25. Probabilities: The low pressure on Lase Su? perior will probably move eastward, and on wednesday extend southeastward to Lake Ontario. Brisk easterly winds will probably prevail on the east' atlantic, and partially cloudy or clearing np weather on the south Atlantic coast Southerly winds, with rainy or threatening weather, are probable' from the western Gulf to the Ohio Valley, and clear? lng weather in the northwest, ; , Ye ?te rd ay's Weather Rtpor? of the . Signal Service, Tj; S.'A.-4.47 P., fl. Place of Observation. Augusta.. 30.03 Baltimore. 30.71 Boston. 80.23 Buffalo, N. Y.... 80.02 ?Charleston. 80.71 Cheyenne, W. T. 29.09 Chicago. 29.03 Cincinnati.. 30.oe Cleveland. so. oe Corinne, Utah... 29.30 Detroit. 30.07 Dnluth.Mln. 29.61 Indianapolis.... 29.94 Key West,Fla... 29.97 Knoxville, Tenn, 30.08 Lake City, Fla .. 30.04 Memphis, Tenn.. 29.90 Milwaukee, Wis. 29.94 MobUS. 30.06 Nashville. 30.os New London, CL 30.76 New Orleans- 30.03 New York. 30.08 Omaha, Neb. '29.76 Oswego, N. Y.... 80.06 Philadelphia. 30.0s. Pittsburg, Pa.... 30.71 Portland, Me.... 30.2a Rochester, N. Y. 80.oe san Francisco.. 29.91 Savannah. 30.08 St, Louis. 29.91 St Paul, Minn.. 29.76 Toledo, 0. 30.03 Washlng?on.D.C. 30.06 Wilmington,N.C. 30.09 Norfolk. 29.99 Lynchburg.. 30.08 leavenworth.... 29.98 Cape May.'29.93 Mt. Washington. 30.38 ts SS < NB Light, NE I Fresa. E Fresh. NB Fresh. SE Gentle. S Brisk, E Brisk. SE Light. NE Fresh. SW Fresh. SE Gentle. W Brisk. SE Gentle. NE- Fresh. W Gentle. NE Gentle. SE Fresh. SE Brisk.. SB Gentle. SW Gentle. NB "risk. .HE Fresh. NE: Light. S Gentle. N Fresh. N- . Cm. SE Gentle. NB Gentle sw SE Fresh'."' NE Gentle, s Fresh: B Fresh. N Fresh. W Gentle. NW BriSk. E Gentle. S Gentle. NE Fresh. I SE Gentle. m AiXt Olear. Ol? m Olear. Fair.; Clear. Hairy. Fair. Fair, Wing. Cloudy. Pair, Fair.' Fair. Fair. Lt Barn Fair. Cloudy. Th'ing. Wing. Cloudy. Byram. Clea'ng. Fair. dendy. Pair. Olondy. Fair. Olear. Fair. Fair. Th'ing. Olondy. Lt. Rain Fair. Olondy. Fair. Olea'cg. Eyrain. Cloudy. A STORM, AH EXPRESS ROBBERT, AND A PRORABLE HANGING. ST. LorJft, July 25: There was a violent hail storm in Pike Coun? ty, Missouri, which destroyed corn and tobacco. The report that the Indian Chiefs Santanta and Big Tree were killed while attempting to escape ls untrue. Both were. tried and found guilty of murder in the first degree. There was an express robbery committed on the Mobile and.Ohlo Railroad, In Hickman Comi? ty, Kentucky, last Saturday. Three men got on the train at Union Cit*/, and at Moscow, when the train halted, two of the robbers got off and the confederate remained on the plat? form. As the train moved ont from the depot the two Jumped into tho express car. over? powered the messenger, and robbed the safe ot twenty thousand dollars. When the train halted they Jumped off and disappeared in the dark. A MILL BETWEEN COBUBN AND MACE NEW YORK, July 24. Mace and Coburn met to-day and agreed to fijht on the 30th of November, within a hun? dred miles of New Jersey. The stakes are $2500. The articles are to be signed in New Orleans. Stakes consist of the $2000 already in stakeholders' hands; each man to put up $1500 additional. . _; THE WEST INDIES AND SOUTH' AMERICA. PORT AC PRINCE, HAyrr, July 8,1 Via HAVANA. July 24. I The old currency has been called in and a new issue substituted, the project of a loan to redeem the currency and substitute specie having been rejected. ST. THOMAS, July 17. The submarine cable between Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent has been laid. Smail-ppr rages at Puerto Plata. ' VENEZUELA, July 8. i The country ls in a quiet condition except the State ol Barcelona, where there has been hard fighting. Guzman has returned to Cor? ?ceas, and SB looking for reinforcements. LIFE AND DEATH AT THE SPBLNG8. WHITE SULPHUR SPRC?OS, July 25. W. L. Addington, a prominent.,lawyer of Baltimore, and United States District Attorney ol Maryland under President Buchanan, died last night of a complication of diseases. The weather is cloudy, and the thermometer 72 at 12 M. DEATH OF A GRAND-DAUGHTER OF JOHN C. CALHOUN. ? NEW YORK. July i& The wife of Gideon Lee, a grand-daughter of John C. Calhoun, died at. Carmel, N. Y., oa Sunday, aged twenty-six.