The Charleston daily news. (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, July 20, 1870, Image 1

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....?, ..??'? . t-.'.ri:.:.,. . : j... v . .: ; :: ?.?j. !?.?>, .I;:?..., ,;. jj V IVS 'Iii E3?tS ? " . ie ?litftef i ?it - p?lf ?iW? ! * ;:- **^^ _.-i_?_i_?-?-:---* * vnTTtvn- Y-rvrrrufRFR 1428 CHARLESTON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 20, 1870. SIX DOLLARS A YEAR. THE WAR IN EUROPE. THE FSOSFECT OF A F ITC HUD BATTLE. A STIRRING SPEECH FROM Kif WILLIAM. A tia rc 8? or the French Senators to the Emperor. THF OPPOSING COLUMNS STILL MASSING ON THE RHINE. THE WAR FEELING IS PRUSSIA. &c. ?Sic. &c. The situation in Prussia. BERLIN, Joly 16. A Political differences have been obliterated by Ute t-ggreesionB of' France. Columns of Prus? sian troops ar? moving in tbe direction of the Rhine and of the north coast. Volunteering in Prussia is extraordinary, the entire male population demanding arms. The imm?diate mobilization of the entire Prussian army bas j been ordered; Owing to the urgency of the occasion, the meeting of the Reichstag is now fixed for Tuesday next French Pre pax? tiona. Panis, July 16. The French army Is concentrating at Metz. Napoleon leaves today for the border, and will cross the Rhine immediately. The French gunboat flotilla ls on the Shine. Admiral Gen oui Hy, who commands the Baltic fleet, will immediately bombard the Prussian ports on the Baltic. French gunboats are already in tbe Prussian rivera. The army and navy will attack simultaneously. A French fleet isl watching the Prussian fleet in the British chan-1 eel, and is awaiting.orders to attack. The steamers of Uessegaries Imperiales have been dispatched to Algeria to bring home the troops operating against the rebels in that j country. The Minister of Marine has ordered all vessels not useful la time of war, such as ; the imperial yachts, Ac, to be disarmed. Efforts will be made to localize the war be? tween France and Prussia, Germany not being a party tp the question at issue. To-day there is a council of the ministry at St. Cloud. Mili? tary preparations are being poshed in all di? rections. * The Gaulois newspaper to-day announces .. the opening of a subscription by the patriotic for the wounded .and other sufferers 'n the coming struggle. Emile Girardln's name heads j the Hst for 10,000 francs. Accounts from the provinces represent that i yesterday anti-Prussian demonstrations were j{ participated In by all ages and classes with en- J j thusiasm. Le Peuple Francais (ministerial organ) con- c tradicts the report that the French troops are 1 ?to be recalled from -Borne,'and denies tbat there ls any Intention to recall them. General Changarnier will ba. appointed to 8 the command of the French reserves, and be named Marshal of' France. The secretary of the Embassy starts to-night for-Berlin to de? liver to the Prussian Government the official * copy o? tte French d?claration o? war. Tte 1 ; Moniteur opens a list for national subscription 1 ( -to provide a lund to aid the governmont'ln prosecuting the war. \i [ ' - - Last night M. Rouher announced to " the ' .'., Senate that the JDuke de Grammont bad IQ- 1 formed him of t h e invas lon of the French ter- ' . ritory by the- ProMaas; " - . The loree- of the enemy had. advanced as far 1 as Slerck, in the Province of Moselle, for the I purpose oi destroying the railroads at that 1 point, but had retired precipitately. "There l? great activity In the fortresses of Rastadt The soldiers of Baden, commanded by Prussian officers, are making ramparts and , parapets. From this morning all communica? tion by the new bridges between the fight and left banha of tho Rhine Is Interdicted. The Journal Officiel denies the statement that the Prussian troops have entered France. The ' telegrams on the subject are con trudie to? ry, the latest reports being that no force of the / Prussians la known to have crossed the Rhine A decree, ls published this morning calling upon the members of the Garde Nationale and Garde^Moblle- or tho first three corps', of the ,the army..to report immediately at the chief towns of their respective departments in read in eea for active service. A council of ministers, the Emperor presid? ing*, was held aA St, ClouA to-oAy. The Cham teri; wiu probably ^ dissolve attheendefthe ' present week, after..voting the budget. La Patrie says the news from Denmark and "the Duchies ls excellent. The hatred against Prussia ls so great'that if their governments . hesitate to take part in the present conflict the . people will rise against, them. .'- ', In Hanover there is great agitation, and the PrusaLvi General commanding that province has asked for reinforcements. The' Prussian Government has given strin? gent orders not to permit the circulation of the French proclamation to the German popula ,'_ tion; but it will be sure to ' reach all. parts of Germany where it can . do good.. Even now great numbers of French circulars are being 3 dlfltributed throughout the German States. Private subscriptions for the army have ^een opened alt over France, and money and other gifts are pouring in. The popular enthu? siasm m overwhelming. Senatorial Addresi to Napoleon. PARIS, July 17. After iti session yesterday, tte Senate pro? ceeded in a body to Su Cloud, where they were received by the Emperor and Empress. President ' Rouher said that the Senate thanked the Emperor for' permission to ex? press to the throne its patriotic sentiments. A monarchical combination injurious to the prestige and security or France has been mys? teriously formed by Prussia. On our repr?sen? tations, Prince Leopold renounces the throne .f 8pain. Spain, who returns our friendship, then renounces the candidature so. wounding to us. Without doubt the immediate danger was5 thus avoided, but our legitimate complaint remains. Was it not evident that a foreign jppwer, to th? prejudiceof our honor and in? terests, wished to disturb the balance of power in Europe fi Had we not the right to demand . af .that power guarantees against the possible recurrence of such an attempt ? This is re fused, and .the dignity of France is insuif ?. Tour Majesty draws the sword, and the country SB with, you, eager, for and proud of the occasion. Ton have toiled long, but during this time you have raised to perfection . the military organization of France. By your .^o?^^rrocii'^.prepared. - Her enthusifism. ! $?cves that, like your Majesty, she will not J tolerate wrong. Let oar august Empress be come a depository of t$* imperial power. Tbe great bodies o? the State surround her M ty with their absolute devotion. The no has faith in her wisdom and energy, your Majesty resume, with noble confide the command of the legions he led at Mag and Solferino. Il p?ril has come the hour of victory is c and soon a grateful country will decree to children the honor of triumph. Soon Gern win be freed from th? domination which oppressed her, and peace will be restore Europe through the glory of our arms. Y Majesty who so recently received proof of national good will may then once more vote yourself to reforms-the realiza?oi which is only retarded. Time is only nee to conquer. The Emperor warmly thanked the presic and members of the Senate. Movements of Pr?Tuch Troops. PARIS, July 1 The Journal du Soir publishes the.follow official reports: Decrees have been Issued ci ting a fourth battalion for each regimen infantry, and sixth squadron for regiment cavalry. General Antemarne, who commi ed the National Guard of Paris, has been pointed commander-in-chief ' of the I m pe Guard. The _ regiments in barracks at Ecole Militaire? bave received orders to ma on Monday. Military posts in Paris made cant by tbe departure of troops of the li have been occupied by the Imperial Gut Ali troops in garrison in the central dep ment of France have received orders to part for tbe frontier. Ventral Governments. PARIB, July 1 Sweden will remain neutral; Denmark, bey of the Baltic, offers to join. France; Ansi will remain neutral; Busala will remain' n tra!; Italy jta friendly to France. The King Italy ha3 written a letter to the Empero France. Spain will be friendly. Prim : written a letter to Napoleon. England will neutral. Rome, the key of the Mediterrane is under French control.. Aft lt ade of England. LONDON, July 16 The Shipping Gazette thinks England abo remain neutral, even If France take Holla and Belgium. German shipping will stay home; the French will find no charters, a the business will fail to neutral flags. Bu aess will be active at the neutral ports of Ai werp and Rotterdam. The Gazette feels c tain that the doctrines of the Paris conferee on privateering and blockades will be rece uized in the coming struggle, and, posslbl the Immunity of private property afloat. The Spectator in Ita Issue to-day predicts the result of the war that the Bonapartes w be found to have exhausted Heaven's p Hence. Spanish Cortes Neutrality. PARIS, July 17. The Moniteur asserts that the Spanish cou :11 has notified the deputies that there will I io necessity for a meeting of the Cortes on tl Kith instant, in consequence of the wit irawal of Prince Leopold from the candid ure. The Moniteur adds that lt bas posith issurance of the intention of Spain to kee dear of any complication in the impendis itruggle. Eugenie, Napoleon, &r. PARIS, July 17-Evening. The Empress arrived In Paris to-day fro: iL Cloud, and received a popular welcome < ?xe most enthusiastic character. The Em pen eaves for the field on Wednesday. A loan of six months treasury bonds to th unount of500,000,000 francs was taken up In few hours. The Credit Fonder and Bank < France made efforts to monopolize the entii unount. Passports were sent to Count de Solms, i ?harge of affairs of the Prussian Legation th moment the news was received that Prussia troops had violated the frontier. It ls announced that two hundred an Blghty thousand French are ready to eros into Germany. The Zouaves, from Africa, are disembarkiui at Marseilles. Going to the Front. PARIS, July 17-10 P. M. Regiments are passing through the street to-night on their way to the frontier. Grea crowds are gathered on the sidewalks, wlldl cheering the soldiers as they pass. At al gardens and places of public resort patriot! demonstrations are made. The excitement ii intense. No opposition to the war is mani rested, and the press denounce the speech c Thiers lu the Corps L?gislatif. Italian D?monstrations Against Franci FLORENCE, July 17. A great popular demonstration was mad here to-day against France. Crowds coilectei In front of the foreign office, and the Germai ..inbassy and shouted, "Down with France viva Italian Neutrality;. Viva Prussia." The Bavarian Army. MUNICH, July 17. The Bavarian army, Including the re servi sorps, bas been ordered to take tbe field. King. William's Acknowledgment*. .. ' ?'? HAMBORG, July 17. King Winiam has sent to the Chamber o Commerce of this city grateful acknowledg mente of the patriotic address of that body He says he regrets the sacrifice which th< honor of Germany exacts, but that he win dc hisduty.leaving the event in the hands of God Thc News from England. LONDON, July 17. The British Foreign office has not yet re? ceived official notice of the declaration of wat between France and Prussia. The troops of Saxony arc in motion. The Dutch reserves have been ordered out to protect the frontier. Tiie North German Parliament will meet on the 20th instant to vote the necessary credits tor the war expenses. Belgium relies upon British, French and Prussian assurances for the Immunity of her territory. French and Pros?lan Enthusiasm. LONDON, July 17. The,war enthusiasm in France is very great. The people offer to pay double taxes, and the police are obliged to protect the residences of Thiers and Favre, who made speeches against the war. The Prince Imperial will accompany Napoleon to the field. The King of Prussia passed through Cologne, where he was received by the people with every demonstration of enthusiasm. Prussia proposes to invade France with an immense loree. Armies of the South. LONDON, July 17. Advices irom Berlin represent that the Prince Royal, Frederick William, wUl take command of the armies of the States of South Germany. A telegram from Pesth states that the chiefs of the different parties in Hungary had met there, and adopted resolutions sympathizing with France and declaring that every victory of Fratfce would be a victory for Hungary. Army of Wnrtembunj. STCTGART, July 17, VIA. LONDON. The anny of Wurtemburg has been ordered to take the field. The Chambers have been convoked. I ~? ESTERDA T'S DISPATCHES. Jip Battle Expected for Several Days Placing the Responsibility-The Preneh Programme-Private Property on the ?igh Seas to be Protected. LONDON, July 19. The German papers are filled with com? plaints of the falsehood and trickery whereby France seeks to fasten the responsibility of the war upon Prussia. No battle is expected for several days. Theirs'9 organ gives the following as the French programme : Enter Hesse In order to neutralize the Southern StateB; then occupy and fortify Frankfort, whence they may sweep the left bank ot the Rhine; then enter Prussia via Westphalia, when a reconstruction of the Rhenish Confederation will follow. The Aliemauia and Haine have arrived out. The Cambria left Havre on Saturday for New York. The steamer New York has arrived at Plymouth. It ls uncertain whether she will attempt to reach Bremen. The steamship Union remains in Bremen. Lloyd's exact five to ten guineas on German shipping. The London Times says that the sword must now decide. Earl Granville, the British Secretary of State, and Napoleon bad three hours confer euee to-day. Replying to a deputation of the National Guard, Napoleon said that upon them he relied for the protection of the capital during the war. The Rights of Neutrals. WASHINGTON, July 19-1 P. M. Bismarck telegraphed the Prussian Minister Dore for his guidance that private property on the high seas will be exempt from seizure by Prussian ships, without regard to reciprocity The French Minister called on Fish and ver bally informed him that France will respect the treaty of Parla of 185G with regard to nen tra! flags. THE LATEST BULLETINS. Fishy Intelligence. LONDON, July 19. The Post is sceptical touching the news re? ceived from France and Prussia It ascribes tbe bulk of the dispatches to speculators. The Emperor's Policy-Thiers Floating with the Tide. PARIS, July 19. The Journal Officiel announces that the Em? peror hos decided not to receive, either In im? perial quarters or quarters of general officers, any volunteer, or any loreign officer, or any one not belonging to the French army. Thiers publishes this morning an Indignant denial of having received, as stated by 'Figaro," a letter from the King of Prussia thanking him for his speech against war. When the Emperor quitted the Tuileries to? day he was loudly cheered by the people. A Speech from the King or Prussia. BERLIN, July 19. Last evening King William made a. speech to a great crowd of the people of Berlin, who came to congratulate him. He said he was not responsible for the war whlcb had Just | broken out. He might personally be passive under the outrage, but Germany, even from beyond the seas, had spoken. Sacrifices were sure. Prussia had been spoiled by her rapid victories in two wars, and there was perhaps a worse fate awaiting her now. He, however, knew what to hope from a good army and people. A French proclamation for the purpose of | exciting the people to revolt has been pub? lished in Hanover. La Liberte publishes a statement to the ef? fect that General Changarnier will probably be appointed Minister of War, vice General Le Beouf, who takes a command In the field. No Fight Tet. PARK July 19-3.30 P. M. Not even a skirmish has occured. Hesse Darmstadt withdrew her agent from Paris. Nothing certain ls known about the departure of the Emperor for the seat of war. He is not likely to set out for the front until everything ls ready there for active service. Several Prussian agents In this city who were suspected of plotting and distributing money, have been arrested. The Marseillaise, Henri Rochefort's Journal, appeared this morning for the first time in several weeks, and was promptly seized. Prince Napoleon ls expected here to-mor? row. It is said he will have a command. TBE CONTENDING POWERS. The Military and Naval Resources of J France. ARMY. The following statement shows the Btrength of the French army when on a peace footing, and the immense Increase it can attain In the event of war. by calling In the troops on leave, in reserve, or otherwise exempted from ser? vice In garrison: FBACB FOOTING. WAS FOOTING. Men. Horses. Meo. Horses. Staff. 1,773 180 1,841 200 Infantry.252,652 324 615,937 450 Cavalry. 62.798 48,143 100.221 65,000 Artillery. 39,682 16,646 66,132 49,838 Engineers. 7,480 884 15,443 1,400 Gendarmes. 24,535 14,769 25,668 15,000 Troopa of the Ad? ministration. 15,066 5,442 33,365 12,000 Total.404,192 86,368 757,727 143,238 The infantry, in the above statement of the army, on a peace fooling, comprises 124 regi? ments, the cavalry 66 regiments and one squadron, and the artillery 29 regiments. The full military strength of France is very great, but Indeterminate, owing to the military train? ing which the entire adult male population of the country receives, and which renders them all liable to serve. The military forces consist of three divisions, namely: The "active army," the "army or reserve* and the "National Guard Mobile.'1 The active army, as enumer? ated, amounts to 404,192, the army of reserve to 400.000, and the National Guard, when fully organized, to 538,723 men. making a total force of 1,342,915 soldiers. The French army corps are distributed and commanded as fol? lows: J'aris.Marshal Canrobert Lille.Count Ladmirault 3. Nancy.Marshal Bazaine 4. Lyona.Count d'Palikao 5. Tours.Count Baraguey d'Hllliers 6. Toulouse.General Goyon 7. Algiers.Marshal McMahon NAVY. The entire reorganization of the French navy was ordered by the government in 1855, and has since been vigorously carried forward. Profiting by the proof of the superiority of Jron-clau vessels afforded by our war, France has paid special atteation to the improvement of her navy ia that respect. At the commence? ment of this year she had 62 iron-clads, 264 unarmed screw steamers', 62 paddle steamers, and 113 sailing vessels. The following gives a statement of the number of vessels of each class, their horse-power and armament, after official returns : C?a s of Vessels. No. L iron clads. Ships of the line. 2 Frigs i es.18 Corvettes. 0 Coast-ga a fl ships. 7 Floating batteries. ie Separate floating batte? ries. ll Total iron-clads.62 2. 5 rew Steamers. Ships of the line. 29 Frigates. 24 Corvettes. 21 AViSOS. 63 Gunboats. 78 Transports.47 Special boats. 2 Total screw steamers. .264 3. Paddle steamers. Frigates.li Corvettes. 7 Avisos.44 Total paddle steamers. 62 4. Sailing Vessels. Ships of the Une. 2 Frigates. ll Corvettes. 7 Brigs. 7 Transports.26 Smaller vessels.SO Total sailing vessels.. .113 Horse Power. 1,800 16,000 4,100 3,860 2,040 360 28,160 16,630 10,100 7,940 8,976 1,871 10,222 24 Guns. 62 311 105 26 146 22 672 386 674 ' 166 172 95 160 4 66,812 1,647 440 67 26 26 42 82 672 Total war navy.401 92,627 8,046? The largest iron-clad in the French navy is the Rochambeau, formerly called the Bunder? berg and intended lor our navy, it was sold three years.ago by Mr. Webb to the French Government for the sum of (2,000,000. The most remarkable among the other iron-clads are the Magenta, Solferino, Couronne, Nor? mandie, Invincible, and the cupola ship Tau? reau. The Magenta and Solferino were built on the same lines, and have wooden hulls with plates varying from 4 to 4 J inches in thickness. Their armament consists of rifle breech-load? ing guns, one hundred pcrauderB, furnished with 155 rounds each. The distinguishing feature of these vessels is a ram or spur, which, like a hatchet, projects under water from the line of armor-plates of which lt forms part The hull of the Couronne ls of Iron, and is separated from the armor-plating by a teak backing. The Normandie is similar in con? struction to tho Couronne, and ls the first iron-clad that ever crossed the Atlantic - The guns she carries are rifled thirty-two pound? ers. The Invincible ls armed with one hundred pounders, and is 241 feet long and 17 feet broad. The Taureau which was launched about live years ago,. is one of the most formidable and novel among the French Iron-clads. &he ls a. steam ram of pe? culiar construction, drawing but little water and rising but a few feet above, the waves. Ber prow terminates in a massive bronze cone, by means of which, when driven at a speed of 12 or 14 knots, by ber machinery of j 500 horse power, the. Taureau can split a snip. She carries but a single gun, which weighs 20 tons. There is a cylindrical ball-proof dome on her deck, which, it ls held, secures her from capture by boarding. The French navy is commanded by 2218 offi? cers of different grades. The sailors afloat and on shore numbered 39,346 In 1869, which, to? gether with engineers, dock-yard laborers, navy surgeons and others connected with the force, bring the grand total of men engaged in the service of the Imperial fleet up to 74,403. On the war-footing the strength o? the navy can be raised to 170,000 men, this being the number entered on the lists of thc maritime conscription. Exclusive of the above aro tho marines and Colonial troops, amounting lo 28,623 men. Th? North German Confederation. ARMY. The Constitution of the North German Con? federation declares that every North German is liable to service, and that no substitution is allowed. The strength oi the Federal army on the peace footing ls settled upon the basis of j one psr cent, of the population, and the Prus? sian military legislation ls applied to all the States of the Federation. The total strength of the army of the North German Confedera? tion amounts to 319,358 men on the peace footing, and to 977,262 men on the war footing These troops are classed as follows: Peace. War. Field troops, privates and non? commissioned officers. 287,481 611,826 Depots, do. 180,072 Garrlnon, troops, do. 13,046 ?66,082 Ufflcers, stan*and military schools. 18,831 l?,682 Total. 319,358 967,282 - The above force comprises 118 regiments of | lnfantrv. 76 regiments of cavalry, 26 regi? ments or artillery, 13 battalions of engineers and 13 battalions of trains. As In the case of | France, the military forces of the North Ger? man Confederation may be said to embrace the whole adult male population, exclusive of all disabled by aire or infirmity. All men from the age of 20 to that of 36 are expected to be ready ior offensive warfare, and lor defensive, within the country, till the age of 50. In addition to the military forces above enumerated, treaties of Prussia with Bavaria. Wurtemberg and Baden, provides a strict mili? tary alliance and a union of their armies in time of war. The Bavarian standing army numbers 50,000 men. The Prussian army ls divided into eleven army corps, having the following commanders: Headquarters. Commanders. 1. K?nigsberg.Gen. von MantemTeL 2. Stettin.Prince Frederick William. 3. Berlin.Prince Frederic Charles. 4. Magdeburg.Gen. von Alventleben. 6. Pose.Gen. von Steinmetz. 6. Breslau.Gen. voa T?mpling. 7. Munster.Gen. von Zastrow. 8. Ceblentz.Gen. von Bittenfeld. 8. Schleswig.Gen. von Mansteln. 10. Hanover.Gen. von Voigts-Rhetz. ; 11. Cassel.Gen von Pion ski. NAVY. Since the organization of the North German Confederation upon Its present basis in 1866, the navy has received special attention, and has made rapid progress. At the end of June, 1869, the fleet consisted of the following steam? ers and sailing vessels : Horse Screw Steamers-Iron-clads. Power.- Guns. K?nig Wilhelm.1100 - 23 Prinz Friedrich Karl. 960 16 Kronprinz. 800 is Armlmus. 300 4 Prince Adalbert.300 3 Hansa. 450 8 Frigates and corvettes. 4 of 400 horse power and 28 guns each.1600 112 1 of 400 horse-power and 26 gnns.... 400 26 1 of 400 horse-power and 14 guns each.800 28 2 of 200 horse-power and 17 guns each. 400 34 Gunboats. 8 flrst-claas or 80 horse-power and 3 guns each. 640 24 15 second class of 6 horse-power and 2 guns each. .*.. 900 30 l yaeht.160 2 3 corvettes. 720 is Total steamers.7020 Sailing Vestels. 3 frigates. 3 brigs. 3 schooner rigged vessels of 2 guns each. 41 gunboats of 2 guns each. 9 gunboats of l gun each. 224 110 40 6 82 9 Total.7020 539 The K?nig Wilhelm, built In England, was designed by the chief constructor of the Bri? tish navy, and is of 6938 tons burthen, and carries 23 rifled 96 pounders made of hammer? ed steel, and capable of being fired with 75 lb. charges as often as twice In a minute. The Prussian and North German navy is manned by 2471 seamen and boys, and offi? cered by one Admiral, one Vice-Admlrai, one Rear-Admlral, 27 Captains, 44 Commanders and 133 Lieutenants. There are besides five companies ol marines, four of infantry and three of artillery, numbering 1200 men. SFECCLATIOSS OF THE FBESS. The War and Our Commerce. The New York Journal of Commerce has some remarks on the effect of the war on com? merce, especially on neutral States. It says : The renowned agreement known as '-The Paris Declaration,^ to which all the leading European powers have formally assented, has taken the place, to a great extent, of the old definitions of international law, and has given peculiar advantages to all proper trade under a neutral flag. It established the new princi pie that the goods of aa enemy are safe fr seizure under a neutral flag, unless they contraband of war, and that neutral goods thus contraband are not liable to capture ei on board an enemy's ship. In regard to what constitutes contraband war, and therefore not Included In this exec tlon from seizure, the practice, since the dei ration, has been far more liberal than forme towards thc belligerents. Now, it is customary for the belligerents declare by proclamation the list of rorbldc articles, which ls allowed to Include many : formerly forbidden. Until such official li appear, shippers from this country will well to be cautious about shipping anything a doubtful character, or that can by stretch construction be classed as contraband. Ii easy to see that as France ls superior to Pr: ala tu naval force, and as all privateering abolished, there will be a great temptation stretch the Emperor's authority, and to rent the exemption clause of little effect by inc ding everything possible under the conti band exemption. We foresee much trou! from this source, and we, therefore, desire caution our readers in time, that they m not throw away the profits of a large legitime trade by an attempt to supply any wari! material to either combatant, with these i marks we append in full the text of the agre ment now binding on the belligerents: Declaration respecting maritime law, sign by the plenipotentiaries of Great Britain, Ai tria. France, Prussia, Russia, Sardinia a Turkey, assembled In congress at Pari3, Ap 16th, 1856: "The plenipotentiaries who signed tl treaty of Paris of the 30th of March, 1856, J sembled in conference, consldlng "That maritime law in tune of war, h long been the subject of deplorable disputes: '.That the uncertainty of the law, and of tl duties in Buch matter, gives rise to difieren of opinion between neutrals and heiligeren which may occasion serious difficulties, ai even conflicts; "That lt is consequently advantageous to < tablish a uniform doctrlnce on so Important point; "That the plenipotentiaries assembled congress at Paris cannot better respond to tl intention by which their governments are ai mated than by seeking to introduce into 1 ternatlonal relations fixed principles in this i epect. "The above mentioned plenipotentiaries, b lng duly authorized, resolved to conce among themselves as to the means of attain!] this object; and. having come to an agre ment, have adopted the following solemn d claration: "1. Privateering ls and remains abolished. "2. The neutral flag covers enemy's good with the exception of contraband of war. "3. Neutral goods, with the exception contraband of war, are not liable to cap tu under enemy's flag. "4. Blockades, In order to be binding, mu be effective; that is to say, maintained by force sufficient really to prevent access to th coast of the enemy. "The governments of the undersigned pier, potentiarles engage to bring the present d claration to the knowledge of the Stat? which have not taken part In the Congress i Paris, and to Invite them to accede to lt. "Convinced that the maxims which the now proclaim cannot but be received wit gratitude by the whole world, the underslgne plenipotentiaries doubt not that tbe efforts < their governments to obtain the general ado| tlon thereof will be crowned with full snccesi "The present declaration Is not and shall nc be binding, except between those powers wh have acceded, or shall accede to it. "Done at Paris, the sixteenth of April, on thousand eight hundred and fllty-srx." Signed byBuol Schauenstelo, Uubner, Wi lewsKl, Bourqueney, Clarendon, Cowley, Mat teuflel, Hatzfeld, Orloff, Brunuow, Cavou: De Villamarina, Aal], and Mehemmcd Djemi How will Spain Stand J [From the New York Journal of Commerce.] We are at. this moment without sufflcier data for forming a sound opinion concernin the probable course of Austria, Italy, Riissli and certain other continental nations In tb impending struggle between France and Pru: ala. But, with reference to Spain, which tint within a few days, was apparently enlisted o thc side of Prussia, lt may be confidently sal that no necessity longer exists for her to arra herself against France, and that her future lr terests seem to demand Imperatively that sh should be neutral lo the contest. Until Princ Leopold withdrew from the candidature fo the Spanish throne, Spain was bonnd in hono to Join Prussia In a war with France should such an event be precipitated But, with the retirement of that cai dldate, no such obligation ls strictly lm posed upon her. The difficulty between Franc and Prussia nominally growB out of the orlgi nal dispute about conferring the crown , c Spain upon the Prince of Hohenzollern Pr us sla now declines to give France a formal disa vowal of having taken any part or Interest li thc Prince's candidature, - and refuses to re noonee now and forever all pretension of the Hohenzollern family to the Span lsh throne. To the rest of the world Franc may seem over-sensitive and exacting In re quiring such acknowledgments and such guai antees. But the French people and the Frencl Emperor, who are the best Judges of theil own affairs, choose to consider such pledge of future security as necessary. Coupled wit) the Imputed violation by Prussia of the treat: of Prague, and the general apprehension o' the gravest dangers to France ir Prussian am billon ls not promptly checked, the French na tlon regards the refusal oi Prussia to enter inti the required obligations as a sufficient causi for war. With all the other difficulties bctweei France and Prussia, excepting the candidat un of Prince Leopold (from which, as lt seems tc us, she ls entirely extricated by the withdraw? al of the Prince,) Spain has nothing whatever to do. No point of honor, and certainly no po Htlcal or material interest, compels her, or makes lt expedient for her, to enlist with Pms sla in the quarrel. If she keeps out of lt, France will possess one advantage in her con? test with Prussia, compared to what her posi? tion would have been had Prince Leopold ac? cepted the candidature, and the Spanish Gov? ernment committed Itself to making him King. Napoleon would then have been obliged tc fight with an enemy on either side. He would have been compelled to send an army into Spain, or at least to keep a powerful corps ol observation on the Pyrenees frontier, while he contended with Prussia on the Rhine. A large portion ol his fleet would have been set to blockade Spanish ports, and perhaps to operate in the West Indies. His forces, by lana and sea. would have been divided. Al? though Spain could not do much to help Prus? sia, she could do something, li only by divert? ing France from an effective concentration of all her strength against her great antagonist. Spanish neutrality, under these circumstances, becomes of considerable Importance to France; and we can easily understand that the French Government ls much better satisfied with the present status of the dispute with Prussia than with the aspect lt presented some days ago. Spanish Interests, as we have said, unques? tionably require an observance ot neutrality. She has nothing to fear from Prussia in any event; but everything from France. Prussia could never cet at her by land without march? ing clear across France; and the Prussian navy Is so small that French war vessels could easily protect Spain from a Prussian invasion of her soil by sea. So many reasons existing why Spain should keep out of the war, it would be a cause of surprise to us if she does not re? main neutral. Tile Reason and Retrait of the War. [From the New York Tribune.] War between France and Prussia has been inevitable ever since the reorgaalzation of Germany. The Bonaparte dynasty can main? tain itself only by tickling the French passion for glory, and all Europe has felt that Napo? leon must soon make 9ome desperate move? ment to recover the prestige he lost during the seven weeks' war of 1866 and the disas? trous experiment ol the Latin empire in Mexi? co. Thc question of the Spanish throne was his first convenient pretext; he has waited Just long enough to inspire his people with visions of conquest, and excite their brains with the roll ol drums and the blaze of red trowsers, and now he hurries toward the Rhine. The original canse of complaint has been removed; the King of Prussia has refused to sanction Prince Leopold's nomination; Spain has offered to reject lt; the Prince himself has formally withdrawn; but these circumstances have had no weight with Napoleon; the question of the throne ls forgotten, and 8paln is contemptu? ously motioned aside as if the quarrel, begun ostensibly on her account, was one with which she really had nothing to do. The battle now is for territory, not principle. The war we suppose will be a severe one, though lt is not likely to be long. Europe now-a-days cannot bear contests of years' du? ration; war 18 too costly, the politics of the continent are too complicated, ami dynastleg are too infirm. A few weeks of fighting in 1866 destroyed the old German empire, made Austria practically a second-rate power, ef? fected a new confederation of the German States, and raised Prussia to such a threatening Ere-eminence among the military powers that er rivals hastened to make peace on the best terms they could. A few weeks more will probably decide whether Prussia shall re-, tain her precedence, or the first place here? after belong to Prance. So far as we can judge from statistical returns, the two' powers, are almost evenly matched, but the victory will remain with that one whose reserves can be the more readily mobilized, and whose organi? zation will work the more perfectly in prac? tice. The brunt of the campaign will be borne on the Shine, in the midst of that net work of fortresses upon which the military engineers of so many generations have expended their ingenuity. Here Prussia has the advantages of previous possession, and the most minute acquaintance with the country. For years her officers have traversed the provinces back and forth; her soldiers have marched over all,the roads-we might almost say have drilled in all tbe fields. Eyer since tho first threatening of war she has been concentrating ber annies in these strong places, and when the clash of battle comes she will have in her favor almost every aid which military science bas devised for a defending force. She will have a patri? otic and enthusiastic people supporting her, and a just cause to give her co afioence. From present appearances it would seem that the odds are all in ber favor; but how weil she is really prepared for battle-bow well she bas preserved the admirable organization which gave her such a superiority in 1866-are ques? tions which can only be answered by the test of war. The Invasion of France. [From the New York World, Sanday.] Prussia hardly giver/herself the air of a sur? prised, aggrieved and overtaken State in her first military movements. The news which this morning reaches us, thal her troops have crossed the Shine and advanced upon the soil of France, indicates a war of attack premedi? tated and desired, rather than a war of defence forced upon an unwilling and reluctant gov? ernment. If we take it, as we are bound to take it, in connection with the astonishing ad? mission of tbe Prussian Ambassador at Paris, that Count Bismarck, before the final rupture, bade him fence to gain time and protract the situation if possible "till tbe 20th of July," lt is hard to resist the impression that the French Government must, after all, have bad intima? tions, clearer than any which the world have yet been suffered to know, of a deliberate ag? gressive purpose in the nomination of Prince Leopold to the Spanish throne. Be this as it may, the first blast of the Pros' alan bugles blown on the winds of France will long ere these words are printed, have roused the fiery heart of Gaul, from the Pyrenees to tho Shine, and from the Mediterranean to the narrow seas. The echoes of that blast will come back npon Metz and Strasbourg, Thlon ville and Longwy. the defiles of the Vosges and tbe plains of Champagne, in the tramp of a million of men, and the roll of a thousand cannon crowding the roads of France. It was Count Bismarck himself who aaid only last year, In debating the possible problem which now the sword is to solve: "The French nation does not desire war, lt is true; but it ls of an inflammable tempera? ment, and should war break out France will rush into lt with a fury and a fire of which our disunited and phlegmatic German factions have no idea." The words were spoken, in? deed, as a kind of moxs to rouse the patient to whom they were addressed. But they were so deeply true that it is not easy to restrain our amazement at seeing their obvious lesson disregarded in the first military movement of the power whose greatest statesman uttered them. But Count Bismarck, though he doubt? less planned originally the policy of which tbe burning fruits are to-day a-gathering, has not been suffered to control its decisive develop? ment. The diplomacy of the war has been King William's, and its conduct in the field,' we presume, is King William's also. The point at which the Prussians have enter? ed France would seem to indicate their inten? tion of moving directly upon Metz, were It not almost Impossible to believe that any capable Prussian commander can seriously contem? plate an assault in force from this quarter upon the formidable triple-lines of the eastern de? fences of the French empire-defences greatly stronger, both by nature and by art, than the lines of Rhenish Prussia from which the invad? ers move. It is mnch more probable that the advance will eventually be resolved into a mere adventure, intended to give a political rather than a military initiative to the cam? paign. But from whatever point of view lt ls contemplated; and whatever its real scope and significance may prove to be, it seems to us clear that it must be pronounced a mis? take, and a very mischievous mistake, on the part of those who make lt. We have but meagre details of information as to the actual position and distribution of the French forces in Eastern France. But such as we have justify the Impression that the French marshals are moving by the flank of Luxemburg through the valley of the Moselle, by the ancient City of Tr?ves, upon Manheim and Mayence. At Mayence the Prussians are believed to be concentrated in force, and un? less, which we do not believe, there be some? thing more meant than can as yet be fathomed or than we have supposed to be meant by the Prussian demonstration towards Forbach, we may look, witnin a very short time, for the first grand clash of the hostile armies, almost upon the very banks of the imperial river for the control of which two mighty civilized na? tions are marching once more, as their ruder fathers have marched a hundred times before them, to battle and to murder and to sudden death. THE OCEAN STEAMERS-THE OUT? FLOW OF OOLD. NEW YOBS, July 19. The specie shipments for Europe to-dav were two million six hundred thousand dollars. The agents of the General Trans-Atlantic Com? pany announce that the steamers of the French line will not stop running In consequence of war in Europe, consequently the Lafayette will leave port on Saturday, the 23d, for Brest and Havre. It is understood that the retiring French Minister, Bartheney, and Colonel Bonaparte, of Baltimore will be passengers by the Lafayette. The steamships Allamauia and City of Brook? lyn have arrived out. NEWS FROM WASHINGTON. WASHINGTON, July 19. Parado!, the new French Minister, is 111 from the heat. The last Cabinet meeting for several weeks was held to-day. The President leaves on Thursday. It is in contemplation to send Sheridan to Europe to observe the war. THE REIGN OF TERROR IN NORTH CAROLINA. RALEIGH, July 19. The counsel for the citizens were arrested in Allamance County yesterday by Kirk, who, by order of Governor Holden, refuses to regard the writs of habeas corpus issued in their be? half. The feeling is most intense among the people. Graham, the county seat of Allamance, has been placed under martial law by Kirk, the courthouse has been seized, and the whole town is strictly guarded. A military commission has been organized mainly of Kirk and his officers to try the citi? zens now under arrest. The Hon. John Kerr, the Hon. S. P. Hill, Sheriff Griffith and seve? ral other prominent citizens of Caswell Coun? ty were arrested at Yancey ville yesterday by Kirk. The Congressional candidates in the dis? trict were speaking in the courthouse, when Kirk surrounded it with soldiers and made the arrest. There has.not been theslighthst resistance to law in that or any other part of the State, to give a color of justification for these outrageous proceedings, A NOBLE CHASITY. ; r The New 1 ork Foundling Asylum- - [From Woodhull A Claflin'a Weekly] In Protestant England there arenoi_, authorized foundling asylums. The only 1_ tutlon in the kingdom, which approaches that character, is one in London, which waa ionad ed in the seventeenth century, and suooressect In 1760 by a legal modification which convert? ed it into an "Asylum foi- illegitimate ChBdreti whose mothers are known." As such lt exists at the present day. What ls the consetrnerice T Simply that crime is hidden, not prevented.. . The late *Eaby-rarming Horror," as revealed in the story of Mrs. Margaret Waters, alias Wilkes, Hurley, Waitera, Ellis,' .Oliver,'.Black? burn and Fort, now on trial fdf the murder o? forty infante, before the Lambeth Police Court, is an abundant proof of this assertion. . That this same "horror" has been extensively prac? ticed in New York, ia a well-known factf-and that la a great measure it is falling into d?su?? tude since the establishment of the New York Foundling Asylum, Is also well known, in all monogamous society Illegitimacy is found to exist to a greater of lesa degree according to its age; and found Un g asylums have boen, ac? knowledged the surest and humanest provi? sion for the illegitimate. Tet enlightened New/ York, through Its press, its Soroeds and Its Uni? versal Suffrage Society, discussed the matter, passed resolutions concerning lt, deplored while acknowledging the necessity for such an institution, yet did nothing until Mother.. Je? rome Ely, the Superior of the Sisters df Chari? ty, took the matter !n hand. * The frequency with which young infants were left at the doors of the Institution of the Sisters, scattered all over the city, plainly In? dicated that the duty was expected of them. Last October, Sister Irene, then principal of the Aoademy of St Peter's, in Barclay street, received the mandate from the Mother House, at Mount St. Vincent, to commence operations by opening a house, in some central position in the city, for the reception of foundlings. By the 1st of November the injunction had been obeyed to the letter, and before that day sev? eral little walling babies were in the arms si the Sisters. Thirty children bad been recel ved before the expiration of one month, and tho reception has been regularly on the Increase until now, at the end of eight months, there are over eight hundred In tue establishment, or rather under the direction of the institu? tion. Of course, the house in Twelfth street, a four-story dwelling, could not accommod?t* all the children. At first all over a certain number retained in the house were put out to nurse under the supervision, and subject to the constant visits, of the Sisters and a com? mittee of ladles, wives of our first citizens, who seemed to take the deepest interest in the affairs of the Institution. From the day of its opening the Intenses*" interest, curiosity and sympathy on the subject, seemed to pervade all classes ot society. Two associations-one composed of ladles, another of gentlemen-came promptly to Its aid. Mrs.' R. B. Connolly, a Protestant lady of great wealth and Influence, gave the first hundred dollar donation to the cause. Since then she has collected sixteen thousand dollars for it, setting a noble example to women of society as to oue manner In which they can use thor * social influence. The press has been unani? mous In its laudations of the institution, one paper actually giving weekly reports nom "The Home of the Babies," which were eager? ly circulated by tbe - coan try papers, for the entertainment of their readers. Government took the matter in hand, and a grant of a cit? square, bounded by Lexington and Fourth avenues, Sixty-eighth and Sixty-ninth streets, was conferred for the building ot a suitable "Maison des Enfans Trouv?s? and as coon as one hundred thousand dollars are raised by the trustees of the Institution, for the erection - of a suitable building, the State L?gislature ls pledged to give one hundred thousand more. Latterly, the children who have heretofore been placed out to nurse, have been sent to a large and commodious wooden .building in Westebester County, under the charge of com? petent nurses, and directed by a large corps of. the Sisters. It ls needless to add that this es? tablishment ls simply a branch of the Twelfth street bouse, and both are under medical di? rection and municipal inspection. The houses'. are open to the public at all times, but certain . days nave, by social etiquette, been estab? lished as "visiting days." The visitors who come on those days are of every rank in life, and not a few of the unhappy mothers may be detected In the throng, betraying their rela? tionship by their ill-disguised emotion and furtive search for their own forsaken babies. The mothers of the children are far from be? ing all of the humbler classes. Scarcely a. night passes that a "carriage baby" does not. come In. The Sister who is on watch detects some well known liveries at times before the door at midnight. Strange to say, these "carriage babies" are very rarely accompanied with any donation to the institution. Unhal? lowed passion hardens the heart and does not dispose the hand to alms-giving. These are the babies who, perhaps, nave gone tojhe "Baby Farmer," or a quicker, surer, hiding place for shame. Not un frequently a sharp wall breaks from tho basket in the vestibule, and when the feeble waif of humanity is brought into the reception-room, marks o? violence on its little body, a broken arm or rib, a frightful bruise oa the head, tells.the tale that murder had been arrested, how, none but the actors in the terrible drama of passion may tell. _ _ - INFALLIBILITY.'. What lt Does and Does Not Mean. [Prom the New York Tribune, EditoriaLj The adoption of the dogma of Infallibility does not impose a new faith upon Bomas Cath? olics. With the theological aspects of the case we have nothing to do, and the varyiag opin? ions of Rom m catholic theologians we do not now consider: but we state as an un deniable fact that the Roman Catholic laity firmly be? lieve in the infallibility of the Pope; that they believed iu it before the Counoil voted, and even before the Council was called; that in fact this body has only now enacted into a dog? ma what bas long been the simple, unquestion? ing faith of Beman Catholics in general throughout both Europe and America. Many may have doubted the wisdom of proclaiming '.he faith; but practically all have held it. Neither does tbe adoption of this dogma threaten any schism in a church which, by reason of its age, its vast extent, and ita pow? erful hold upon the minds of so large a propor? tion of the civilized world, must long remain an object of profound interest alike to friends and foes, to statesmen as well as to t heoloajarm. Tbe Armenians and others who, like Them, have hung loosely on the skirts of Roman Catholicism may secede; but neither in Europe nor America wOl there be any serious, open disturbance of the harmony of the faith. We have not been allowed to print the debates, and only vague details of the actual proceed? ings in the Council have reached the public eye; but whatever disputes there may have been arnon? the theologians, there are likely to be none before tbe people. What the proclamation of this dogma does is to sharpen the antagonism between Roman Catholics and the oatside world, and to dwarf the powers and influence of their own heir arch y, outside of Borne. It is a movement of - separation and of centralization: it builds a Chinese wall between the world of modern progressive thought and the Bomac Catholic Church, and it gathers the powers of -that church more and more within the limits of the City of Borne. Between Roman Catholics and thereat of the world there is henceforth an outward and visible sigo of a separation that is immutable. Roman Catholics do believe tbe Pope infallible. No other human being eau possibly believe ft. The distinction is inevitable; its influence anon systems of faith, modea of thought, develop? ments of ideas, tendencies of progress, most be ineradicable, and the formal adoption of the dogma sharpens and intensifies it. -Itls8aidthata prominent representative of the Prussian Government In New Tori City has received a dispatch from the other side, instructing him to open negotiations at once for the purchase of war vessels, to be added to tbe naval, force opposed to France. The particulars are not accessible at present, but lt is believed that purchases will be speed- - fly effected.'. -Private'advices from China say that meas? ures are being taken for the better regulation i and the Increase of emigration to this ooo*try. The Chinese Government much deplore Ijg* loss of Mr. Burlingame, and high posthOMftv honors have been conferred on ulm.