The Charleston daily news. (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, May 07, 1870, Image 4

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THE STATE. U2f JLBZJB AX* ITTTSXESIllTB MEPOXT. G.ogr?p*ic?l Position, Geological Characteristics .tn* tko Medical Topo? graphy and Hygienrorof Sont* Caro The fellowing report was submitted to thc State Agricultural and Mechanical Convention, received aa information, and ordered to be pub? lished: KBTOaT or THE COMMITTEE ON THE MEDICAL TOFO l OaAPHT AND HT61KN.JE OF THE STATS. There ia perhaps no one of the diversiflcd and complex relations which man bear* to surround lng influenc?e, so important as those which relate to the enmate and locality in which his destiny may happen to place him. Whether considered in "his political, physical, social, industrial, moral, bot above ali, his sanitary position in regard to these agencies, they are all not only of transcen? dent importance, but wherever any one or more of the elements Involved in the climate in which be takes np als abode are unfriendly, an inevi? table sequence will be a correspondingly unfavor? able Influence upon Ms destiny ; a check npon bis Prosperity and happiness, and a blight more or isa serions npon all those attributes which are essential to his well-being. A subject of such magnitude, and comprising such diversified details, cannot be discussed within narrow limits; and in the few remarks which follow, it is, consequently, proposed to offer a few; observations relative to the sanitary or hygienic conditions of the climate ot South Carolina, considered mainly ia reference toits individual characters, but partially In compari? son1, with the same subject as it relates to onr wide extended country, so. diversified In its geographical, physical and other climatic charac? teristics. *?3 t?i? term climate, according to its ordinary acceptation, are Involved a number of conditions or elements necessary to be duly understood be? lora we can be prepared uv appreciate its precise characteristics. It may be sufficient for thc pur? poses of the ensuing observations to remark, that , the'expreaslon climate includes all those physical conditions existing npon the surface of the earth, or In the superincumbent atmosphere, which In anywise influence .organic life, and at the same ?lima mott or Iesrmodify the varied inorganic bodies which enter into the formation of the earth's surface, viewed In these relations, the most important points to be discussed are: Geo? graphical position and extent; geol?gica: charac? teristics; physical'geography as relates to the face of the country, laclad tig hydrography; the at? mosphere, in Its various relations with tempera tore, lightness and density, dryness and humidi? ty ; the- succession of the seasons; the course of ito winds, their parity and imparity; the varying ?gras ol electric tension; toe productions of the In the discussion of the characteristics of the enmate of Booth Caro ima, in relation with its san? itary condition, it is proposed to notice briefly each the points alluded to above, and to deduce therefrom BB ch cpn elusions as may be legitimate? ly employed te enable as to form a correct esti? mate of the health of the Stat^'compared to the . hygienic conditions of otber sections. /.H?soirrajJAioaZ Position. Sooth Carolina. In Its general configuration, ls .f aa irregular triangular shape, and ls interpos? ed between North Carolina, on the northeast, and North Caranna and Georgia on the south? west, from which latter lt ls separated, through tts entire length, hy the Savannah River and Its mountain tributary streams. On the southeast it is bounded by the extensive coast line, formed ty the Atlantic Ocean, diversified by numerous laina (rs, inlets ead estuaries of rivers, its geo -graphical position ls between 30 deg. 4 mm. so sec, and 35 deg. IS min. north latitude, and 78 deg. 26 mrs. and 83 deg. 40 mm. west longitude ?from Greenwich. It presents a superficial area .t Upwards Ot SO, OOO square miles, being in length from south to north, where lt approaches the Al? legheny Moon tains, about. ito mites, and in breadth leo. The face of the country ls greatly diversified In physical aspect ; Tn son, in its natu? ral and agricultural - producta, la climatic influ? ence, and many other characters. H.-Physical Geography and Geological Char? acters of the State. To economize space, lt l? proposed te discuss . these two elements tinder one head. From the AUantfc Ocean to the northern boun? dary or the State, the face of the country pre? sents a gradual ascent, fer the most part uniform, for a distance or 70 or 80 miles; theo Irregular ead undulating until a height ls attained, at the summit of 1? loftiest mountains, of 3500 feet abo v o the level of the ocean. As the physical feat a'es of th? State a^e nota? bly related tc itt geographical position and con ? atitntlan, lt ls expedient to give, in this connec? tion, a brier -outline of the latter, m order to be able tat Iracc thia relationship. Examined nader this aspect, south carolina may be divided Into two parts or nearly equal ex? tent, which as regards Borne Individual consider? ations in relation te situation, soil, climate, ac, may be snodlT?ded into several zones, or limited sections, . li la relation to geological constitution, tbe first primary division, comprising all the lower part ofthe Btate,.: extending from the ocean to a distance ol lrom a hundred to a hundred ana twenty miles into the interior, belongs exclusively to toe tertiary geological .perfects, characterized by the following epochs, all of which are round nore or len striking ly characterized at different points. Thus considering them m the order of natara! succession, the eocene, the miocene, the pliocene and the postpuoaene, and tbe diluvium, - are ?li found, In variable relations, in this section aState; while of these, the pliocene and llocene present the greatest preponderance, ?llll?erous beds by which these formations aro characterized, underlie the whole lower part er tha State, generally to aa extent of one hm r dred and twenty miles from the coast, and clearly ?diente that at some remote period this vast ex nt of oana try.now made up of undulating plaina, diversified with swamps and highlands, dry knolls ead s macao: poola, generally covered with ffigaatle forest trees, and an almost Impenetra? ble growth ai ahm be and other productions of ?atare, once reposed nader the silent depths or the superincumbent oceans; and that these ex? tinct typos of animal nature, forming tbe rossini. ferme feds ia question, are but the dead repre? sentatives of myriads of. living beings or which, for the moat part, no surviving re? presentative now exists on earth, or in the depths of the ocean. Interposed between the foasnllferons beds In question are variable ' layers or sand, ?lay, and mad. which give . them groat irregularity, and render lt difficulty In many places to define their limits; and besides these, aro found, in several localities, beds of water-worn pebbles, gravel, Ac, intermixed with the tertiary, probably not belonging originally to their present position, bot formed of the debris or the primitive rocks ol the upper regloa or the Btatfi Waaia have been washed down by the cur? rents of rivera aad deposited where they now re ?It should be further remarked that the Of - eaad - superimposed npon these rossliure rous deposits are variable as to character; being derived, ia part, from different sources, they re? semble, ia the main, the beds or sand drifts now exhibited along the shores of the ocean, and thus -"exemplify how the undulating surface presented by thfif lower division of the State, and tue hil? locks thus formad, became pv-manently fixed, in proportion as the ocean wave receded to its pres? ent limits, and left as dry land a vast axtent of spaoe formerly submerged beneath its mighty wave. Interposed between the lower tertiary of the region in question, and the primitive rocks or the upper division of the State, we find the creta eeoas formation, and as these several strata in? cline, by a gradual ascent, from the shore to the distance of about 120 miles, the outcropping at that point roaches aa elevation or about 80 feet .baie tide level, and Indicates the Une or transi? tion between the tertiary aad primitive, or gran? itic formations. 2. The upper grand ?lrj?l?n of the State ex? hibits . aB tbe characteristics of the primitive, .r granitic geological epoch, and wbUe. In the division considered above, the formations peculiar to this primary period are overtopped by and covered under the tertiary, they come aere boldly into view, and while they impress an entirely different aspect npon the physical aspect of the face of the region, thels influence produces not less Important modifications opon the char? acter and composition or the soil and Its natural productions. Aa has been intimated above, this region ex? tends from the limits of the tertiary previously described, to the northern terminus of the territo? rial limite 01 the State. Starting from the upper limits of the tertiary, and proceeding In the north? erly or northeastern direction, a narrow belt of country, generally undulating in aspect, consist? ing for the most part of dry and sandy elevations of variable height, intersected by numer?os small streams, ls passed, indicating, in all possibility what was, at a remote era, tho shore-line of the atlghlty ocean. This "sand-hM" region. Bo-called, corresponds to the transition point from the ter? tiary to theprimltive geological formations, and 2 ffl*f3r ii*?*8 presents an admixture cf some or "...^ cements characteristic or both. Thus, BBggJgw border it exhibits all the attrl fj^jofthe tertiary, lt gradually changes its as E5w?2fi9SH 8*Ddy, clay becoming prepon fenS? Quaru.gravtl'andSeb. ? 23???^??""1? disintegration of the neigh ffltST?ni*Dyor wnlt* are here ?trewn upon the surrace. A Une drawn r-om Angosta, from southwest to northeast oa^inS Mfa er near Columbia to the North Ca?I hoandary, indicates with sufflelent accnSe? ?S direction of this sana-hili belt, which extends across the State Into Georgia on the one hind and Jiorth Carolina on the other. AnotoWecbar' acter of the loRler h?ls or thur realmf ?bowing the admixture or elements above alluded to, ls, that most or them are made up nf thickalternate layers or the finest kaolin 0recomposed feldsaibic rock and clay the fine waite- appearance of the former having secured to these formations the designation or "chaat-hius." Above this point of transition, the physical fea? tures of the state become more bold and pictur eeqae; the hills more prominent, the valleys more fertile, the native foreste' growth more diversl ned; the soil assumes a more productivo charac gftgfflgw toe greater number of elements 2?1i?^?i2S??Te8 from tne gradual dislntegra &^???3E?!ffiS ???h form the great J^?C?ir.,the, P^lvo geological ?eriea. -.a the upper halts of the State are approached, the hills become more elevated and prec the valle j 9 more narrowed and contract the extensive plains observed lower down most part disappear, nntii the tipper Ural State ls reached, where, as previously statt Bring; mountains, 8500 feet above the lev? sea, are reached, with their Intermediate valleys-all picturesque and beautiful-"! interchange between hill ann dale." The constituents of the primitive geoleg glons consists, essentially, of granite and rocks, superimposed upon which are the 01 metamorphic stratified rocks peculiar to st mations, as hornblend rock, mica slate, cia some Isolated beds or limestone and serp quartz rocks, Ac, Ac. In addition to these are certain regions traversed by trap-dyh considerable extent, ranging across the from the Interior or Virginia, through Soutl ima and Georgia, rar into Alabamr.; Imp) their Influence so distinctly upon the pl reatares or the country and the soil, as to s particular, but by no means descriptive 1 such as the "flattcoods of Abbeville," "the ?OMJ woods ot Union," and "the black-jack )t Chester," Ac. HI.-HYDROORAPHT-?ioers and Smaller Str Inlets, Estttarles, Lakes and Ponds, Surja Subsoil Water, Natural and Mineral Sp Wells, Cisterns, <?& It caa be readily Inferred that from the f ag observations ?pon the physical aspee teoleg?cal characters of the State, that Its 1 'rr ap hy must constitute an important elem iny attempt to estimate Its climatic pecull n relation to its hygienic condition ; the p les and productiveness of its soil; Its agrlco esonrces, ami its industrial and commercl vantages. Considered under all these reis louth Carolina, although of comparatively li ireo, can compare favorably with most i States of the Union, while in many respec ?pr?sents advantages preeminently greatei nost of them. While on the whole extent of its southee i ord er the State ls benn''sd by a long sea Ine, exceedingly irregular, and diversifie Blands, inlets, estuaries of rivers, which Ind their exit into the ocean,aud numerous ind headlands, the whole Interior ls travers inmerous rivers which wind their devious c hrough Its entire length and breadth, whi inmerable smaller streams intersect it at va loints, everywhere contributing their cea? iurrents to the larger torrents, which colled iii] SB to empty themselves into the m ?coan. ' A mere casual observance of the prin ivers will be sufficient to Indicate a notable 'erence between them, depending not or ?heir erigin and course, but also upon the jerttes of their waters. Considered under points ol view, they may be divided Into Masses: 1. Those taking their origin la mom 'eglons, and receiving constant accessio: .heir course traverse or skirt nearly the e ;xtenc, from the mountains to the seaboard rhose deriving t tie tr source from the middle s Hil region ot the State; and 3. Those of fe tortor leng'h. but In some instances of gn magnitude tuan the preceding, which coi nattily of mere prolongations or inlets fron tea, bot which are nevertheless furnished at a eada by the abundant surface water and di ige of the Immense and innumerable swai ponds, and bayous, making up a large poi pf the lower division or the State. To thea long innumerable inlets, spreading their tort course along the entire extent of the shore, and forming the Insular boundaries o Infinity or islands disseminated along the coa To the first class belong the Savannah, ari by numerous tributaries In the mountala North and South Carolina and Georgia, rormlng tho geographical boandary between two last: the Euoree, Tiger, Pacolet and S da, all arising In the mountain regioa, and three first forming by their confluence the Bi River; whUe the Saluda, uniting with the; fives rise to the Congaree. The Catawba, ari in the upper part of North Carolina, and i mented by the accession of numerous tribu streams, forms the Wateree, which emptyiDg the Congaree,- gives rise to the Santee. To tl must be added the greater and lesser Pee which, deriving their respective sources in Ni Uar olin a, flow through the southeastern part of ?tate, and empty into Wlnyah Bay. The nm DUB smaller streams, deriving their origin f; the upper division or the State, flow into on the other or these rivers, so that the Savant the Santee and the Peedee may be regarde* Che great torrents by which the waters, rived from the whole or the upper part or Sc carolina and part of North Carolina and G gia, roll their mighty tide onward to the oceai AU these streams, arising in the granitic glon.run lor at least one-half their extent a pr pitlous course over their rocky beds ofgne granite, Ac, which crop out at various poll and form numerous ledges across the strea thus producing a succession of rails and casca or great beauty and grandeur, some or tl mUes In extent, thus furnishing au a mo un water power amply sufficient to supply all irauts growing out or the industrial pursuit man. At the upper limit of the tertiary series, character of these rivers undergoes a nota change. The Savannah, River, at Augusta; Congaree, at and below Columbia, and Wateree, near Camden, present, for thc last th any conspicuous rapid or fall, and from th points they all pursue a more tranquil t placid course, until they become lost In the oce At the several points alluded to, the granite a otnelss rocks crop out, rormlng a kind or belt ir ledge, extending nearly across the State, p Jucing in the several streams a natural barr between the tertiary and granitic regions, o\ rvhich the water tumbles in a series or cascad tnd loses Itself in the quiet stream below. Under the second class of rivers may be inc led the Ed is to, or Pon Poa; the Salk aha tc ti le a ?be Combahee, Black River, the Four-holes, A ?M-derlving their origin from the elevated sat fflls. and presenting characters In palpable cc trust with the preceding. Many of these soi ?es, fed by pure perennial springs, and others< rived by percolation through the pure white sa of the region, pursue their natural course wi but little chance of contamination, especially ne their origin,' so that their waters exhibit a chart ter of great purity, until this character becom Sore or less Impaired, as they advance on th course to the ocean, by the drainage from the e tensive swamps and lagoons which skirt th? borders In the lower parc or the State. Neart origin of these streams their water ls so Ump that the most minute objects are visible at t depth of several feet, lt ls light, pleasant and wh? some, containing but little foreign admlxtut with the exception of a small quantity of vegetat coloring matter held In solution. These stream Bowing as they do through a level country, a doggish in their course, and after they leave tc sand-hills they are skirted by extensive swamp which they overflow during freshets, so that the low places, on such occasions, become the seat large accumulations or putrescent stagnant w ter, which, when neglected, becomes a frultf source or malarious diseases. But here, as in mo or- the affairs or life, good and evil go hand i hand. These very swamps, oftentimes mHes : extent, exhibit the most fertile soil In the worli and lt 1B only necessary tp apply a Judicious sy tem of levees and drainage to render them h ea thy and of inexhaustible productiveness. To the third class of rivers belong the Coope the Ashley, Wando, Waccamaw, Sampit, st? no, Ashepoo, Pocatallgo, Ooosaw, Broad, Nev ?fay, AC; and to these must be addded . ttl numerous inlets and bays skirting and li denting the Atlantic coast. These consist, fe the most parc, or prolongations or arms or tb sea, which, however, presen t so met h lng of a inj/ sd character; Inasmuch as, while they beloni chiefly to the domain or the ocean, they are red a their heads by fresh water, derived from Innt merable extensive swamps and the drainage fror the adjacent country. They are generally larg In proportion to their length, and many or thee ire Influenced by the tide almost to their source Bat, la this respect, great variety is observed ac cording to the character or the seasons. Thu ir hen the latter are dry, and the head waters ar deficient, these streams are salt or brackish fo some mites from the coast, as far even as the in Quence of the tides extends; but in times of fresh ets, they are often fresh almost te the r entra?e into the ocean, owing, to the greatly increased in Dax of fresh water from the surface and swamp: ar the interior, which effectually resist the influ; af the tides. The influence of these relations hai in Important bearing upon the hygienic and oth sr characters of the State which wlU receive at tentlon In another portion of this report. A collateral condition associated with these considerations, which relate to many or the streams referred to above, having au im portant bearing on the health of their ira mediate vicinity, ls, that In order to render the water power afforded by many or the riven tnd smaller streams, subservient to the various industrial pursuits and wants or the community, ?ut chiefly for the sawing of lumber and the {rinding of grain, many of the streams have been lammed ap to form mill ponds, or extensive re? serves of water, by which targe tracks of low and are kept constantly submerged by stagnant ind putrescent aqueous accumulations, in the midst or which the native rorest growth dies and Decays, and when the slimy alluvium' beds of Ihese become laid bare, as they always do under the evaporating Influence of the summer sun, malaria ls generated In great abundance, and spreads its direful influence about the whole or the adjacent regions. These mill ponds, where aver they exist, have been properly regarded as the most prolific source or disease and death ; and In these days of the extended application of steam power, most or those or minor Importance might be profitably and advantageously dispensed with. Another point or scarcely less importance, and laving a similar bearing upon the health orpar ilcular regions, deserves to be considered here. In proportion as the country has become cleared or ts natural forest growth for agricultural pur joses. the soil thus denuded and cultivated, specially lu the more hilly districts, but bv no neans limited to these, ls gradually washed lown by successive rain torrents in .o thc Inter nediate valleys and streams, by which the latter >ecome choked np by the washings from the ad acewfeievatlons, and diverted from their natural manuels, whUe the adjacent low lands become so ile vated by successive accumulation as to gradual y destroy the native growth or trees and shrubs, ?rhieh by gradual decay become detrimental ;o health, A farther cause or atmospheric vltia .lOB exists In the beds or the streams themselves, SJJ?H 48 In the swamps and low grounds by ff5 h ?& are skirted. The rormer, especially when their currents are sluggish, being or une? qual depth, when exposed to the evaporating In Juence or long-continued solar heat, oftentimes Mcome so dried up as lu many cases to cease td .?,?itn?.8JeaviDtr a succession or stagnant pools, Hied with putrescent waters. These, as well as torrespondlng conditions existing in the nelgh >oring swamps, perpetuauy send forth poisonous exhalations, contamlnRtlng the atmosp the vicinity. Apart from these prominent points reii the general hydrography of the State, lt U tant to note the existence ef surface wat exists upon the surface of the earth in lakes, ponds, lagoons, or stagnant poola, f low situations, as the subsoil water evei present, bat variable in quantity and qua cording to season and the character of or the country and situation. From these proceed deleterious influences not less gi regards the hygienic conditions or a count the various points alluded to above; and i to secure the healthfulness of any reglot these conditions exist, all efficient means be resorted to to get rid of this surface ant leting subsoil water-most abundant in i and flat country constituting the lower c of the State, but existing everywhere, esj after rainy seasons. In this connection, it is important to n character or properties of the water prei itself under so many different conditions, i rrom such a variety or sources, and so i modified net only by these Influences, bul equal degree by soil and other collateral ag lt will thus be seen that the water su the State is most abundant for all the ind pursuits of man-for inland navigation dally for motive power, irrigation, Ac. there any deficiency in this element as r what relates to Its application to his comfoi ordinary domestic purposes. But as the < of water varies materially, according to its i and ts, besides, greatly modified, according geological formations In which lt originate the soil over and through which lt flows, it sarily follows that lt will present almost e diversities In different portions of the Stat even within more circumscribed limits. The water of rivers and other natural st varies notably in proportion to the proxln the ocean, where rt? ls more or less salt or I l3h, owing in part to the overflowing or the and to a great extent also to subsoil pe Hons. Hence in Charleston-and this is great extent, true or most or the country sk the sea-shore-water is generally found depth of from ten to twelve or fifteen feet thesurface-thus corresponding very ncarlj the low water mark of the ocean-so tht fresh water, derived mainly rrom the rall upon the surface of the soil, In Itself impi rendereel unfit for usc by continuous infllti of salt water through the loose sand which place at every high tide. But fortunately, th Acuity is compensated for by the abundan falls which take place at all seasons or the and these, being collected In properly constr cisterns, an abundant supply ls thus obtalt wholesome, pure water, amply sufficient 1 domestic purposes. Beyond the reach of the tide the water o rivers and shallow streams, at most seasoi tlifl>year, although more orles3 Impregnate various heterogeneous materials, is in the sufficiently pure for ordinary purposes, water or these streams ls, however, liable t< rlous sources or contamination, and this is dally true of the sluggish streams or the l division or the State, which receive in their ci the drainage rrom the stagnant accumula constantly taking place in the immense awi through which they flow. But while these i rit les exist in different degrees in most o water-courses or the State, they all derive contaminations rrom two different sources one the saline or can hy materials peculiar i spective geological formations; the other of i ly organic origin, consisting of vegetable rai either In solution or a simple state or erispen or or the products of this in various stages c cav. At particular seasons, when the stn flowing throngh the hilly clay region or the ! become swollen by heavy rains, the water ls dered highly turbid by the washings or the face soil or the adjacent hill-sides, and at times is not potable unless previously filtere allowed to stand long enough to deposit .the terial8 held ta suspension. This Is rar less case with the clear sand-hill streams which, their source, furnish an abundant supply or w aimost entirely pnre. In most parts or thc State natural spr abound, the waters or which vary in their prc ties according to locality. Thns in the teri region there exists, at variable depths, a wi bearing stratum of sand and pebbles res tint the marl, which, where this latter crops yields abundantly a supply of good water chief defect consisting of a slight impregnatlc carbonate of lime, derived rrom thc marl bed which lt rests. Beyond these limits, and In hilly granite region, abundant springs or ] crystal water gush rrom the subterranean str orten rrom the crevices or rocks-many or t even at mid-summer, almost of Icy coldn Where these supplies do not exist upon thc face, water or the same character can be ob ta. by sinking wells to a sufficient depth to tap water-bearing strata. jr South Carolina ls less noted for natural min springs than many other States of the Union; In this respect she is not entirely deficient, tl bring many within her territorial limits pose I Lr: more or less important medicinal proper: Most or these contain Hine, magnesia, Iron.. and in the neighborhood or the coast, In addi: to these saline constituents, more or less cart ate soda. This ls especially true or the Artes well In Charleston, from the waters of wh whether used Tor bathing purposes or drink many or thc citizens derive daily bcueGts. the former nse their temperature ls admin adapted, while dyspeptic and other invnllrts rive great benefit from drinking these waters. IV.-The Soil. Natural and Agricultural I auctions of South Carolina. These subjects are, each of them, of paramo Importance, not only in au economical, but t In a hygienic point of view; but they are so ext sive in their relations as to render it impossible give them more than a mere cursory notice this report. solis are derive?! rrom several different sonn and are almost infinitely varied by the diverse i mentB which enter Into their composition, f the relative proportion in which these eleme combine as well as their situation, as regards s ronndin? agencies. A leading source of their structlve characteristics ls, the geological con tutlon ol the surface upon which they rest. Hei a notable difference will be round to exist tween the foils or the tertiary and primitive g logical periods; yet considered even in these lations, owing to the Influence or extensive wa lngs by thc stream torrents, all tending rrom t upper country towards tbe ocean, the success overflows or the lowlands and swamps, a the consequent deposits borne upon the bosom the waters, many of the mineral elements pei Uar to the upper region become commingled w those of the lower; and vice versa, owing to t agency of tides, the drift or the ocean bee many or Its elements to a considerable distan Into the Interior. Most ol thc consltuent3 or t sou, derived rrom these sources, consist or 1 mechanical disintegration aud solution or t elements or the primitive and snperimpos rocks and clay, all diversified in their propertle while most of them abound in elements essen: in the rood of plants, as hornblcnd, feldspar, mic silica, lime, magnesia, Ac, Ac Another source or the constituents or soils is, ti successive accumulation upon this substratu thus constituted or the abundant products vegetable and animal matter-chiefly or the rori er-which acquiring new accessions from ye to year, and these undergoing decay, have grad ally covered the mineral particles above me tloned, and thus added essential elements of re tUtty, which the gases eliminated by this procei or decomposition, and others derived rrom tl atmosphere, all concur to Impress upon the rae or mother earth characters of fruitfulness we calculated to minister to man's comforts, nece sities and enjoyments, and repay him amply re his tolls, at the same time reward iug his ii dnstry? But as these soils are movable-liable to t transported rrom the site of their original ro raatlon-by rain torrents washing down the hi summits and slopes Into the neighboring valle; and streams, and by these to be borne awa by their currents, either to be deposited i their benda, or spread out upon their borderin swamps and low places, various and imponau changes are thus impressed upon the face of th country, so that many parts thus become en riche at the expense of others which are thereby :m povenshed. Independently of other considerations, thes very constituents of this sol), their modification lu difieren t localities, their accumulation in cenan situations, the ceaseless chemical changes whicl they undergo In their endless relations with tem perature, moisture, Ac, play an Important roi upon human health and the well-being or man. To enter Into any details upon the products 0 these soils, whether natural or agricultural, wouli be Incompatible with the limits of this report Suffice it to say yiar, favored by a genia climate, and, for the most part, a productive soil, the vegetable kingdom here presents itself in al? most unequal luxuriance, from the lofty and tow erlug pine, the sturdy oak and hickory,' beecl birch, walnut, chestnut, Ac, the beautiful magno lia, sweet bay, tulip tree, and clown through countless species or lesser trees and shrubs, to say nothing of the endless flowering or plants and grasses, all or which finds here a physical and climatic condition favorable to their luxuriant growth. Along the seashore the picturesque pal? metto presents Its graceful prongs to the breeze, and, near at hand, the sturdy live oak spreads out Its huge arms, beautifully festooned with long moss, and has there stood tor centuries bidding defiance as well to the depredations or time as to the conflict or surrounding elements of de? struction. A little in the interior is encountered the majestic long-leaved pine, extending thence far up the country, with slight interruptions, to a distance of one hundred and twenty to one hun? dred and forty miles rrom the coast, interspered with lofty oaks and other forest trees-the whole furnishing timber resources far more valuable than can be elsewhere found, except in regions similarly situated. The abundant supply or tur? pentine furnished by these lords or the forest, the exhaustless stores or lumber and staves yielded by their great trunks, of tar and pitch, Ac, all furnish a rich contribution to thc com? mercial resources of the State, and add a valua? ble return to the people for their industry and thrift, " , At thc upper limit of this pine region com? mences a growth of a different character, which extends over all the remaining primitive region or the State, consisting or an intermixture or short-leaved pines, with most of the sturdy oaks and other forest trees mentioned in thc com? mencement or this section. -? While the great staple products-rice and cot? ton-monopolize a large portion or thefigricul tural labor or the State, Its climate and soil ad? mirably flt lt for the abundanfcf rowth of nearly all the fruits and other crops useful or necessary to subserve the wants of man, capable or being grown in other regions and in other climes; while on the sea islands skirting the coast, the finest cotton In the world ls growaj the low lands and swamps situated beyondlBe salt wa-1 ter o? the tides present a vast area ol Inexhaustible, alluvial soll, which, 01 the facility with which it can be flow tide, or from Inland reserves, ls appi the cnltnre of rice. On account of the ty of the climate, this grain Is prodnc er quantity and of a better quality npon any portion of the globe. Fal interior, this article is only cultivated scale, for domestic consumption; and staple cotton takes the place of the : cultivated on the islands and In UK the seashore. With the exception of and rice, oranges, lemons, figs, suga olive, Ac, which require a mild clima scarcely a production of the vegetabl usually cultivated by man that cannoi daritly reared under the bright skies sun of Carolina. Of these, it will be s give the following list, which is far plete, viz: Indian corn-the great staf the State-wheat, rye. barley, oats, b: Guinea eorn, sugar eane. (In the low a country,) sorghum, sugar beet, tobac flax. Indigo, all the lignmlnous planti food, as peas and beans, groundnu both common and Japan, luxuriant i well native as introduced; every varie den prodncts found in other climates; ; species of fruits cultivated elscwhei pears, quinces, peaches, plums, neeta: cots, walnuts, pecan-nnts, chestnuts pins; to which may be added melons, g countless varieties af berries, either nat elgn, all of which find a genial home he of them growing spontaneously, elthi fields or the forest. Such are a few of ties which Providence has vouchsafed I our mild and beauteous clime. V.-Atmosphere. Temperature, Drynest miaity, Pr?valent Winds, Seasons, 1 Snow, Mean Temperature, Dew Point, There are few points In any country In skies are more clear and.serene, the sun planets and stars more brilliant, and, exceptions, dependent ,on season, ch weather, Ac, connected with ordinary logical conditions, scarcely any situatk the atmosphere is more mild and ba more devoid of extreme ranges of ten found elsewhere, than can be realized Carolina. The summers, it ls true, are pi but the temperature of Bprlng and autt seasons of flowers and harvest, cannot passed; while winter, tempered as it is proximity to the ocean, and still more by fying Influence of the adjacent Gulf st rea sweeps along the entire extent of the coa lng upon its broad bosom the genial brought from milder climes, never pres intense degree of cold, and In the coldes the lowest range of the thermometer seh tlnuesmore than a few dayB, being qui lowed by clear, bright, sunshiny weathe mild, bland atmosphere. If can be well conceived, from the foreg starvations, that a region of country sue! been described, may agree, in general ch as regards temperature. There must tie s ference In this respect according to the pr to, or distance from, the ocean. Thus, foi assigned above, and especially from the li exercised by the Gnu* stream, while the r the Immediate vicinity or the seashore ii arly mild, the temperature, as lndlcate< thermometer, becomes gradually less, In tion as the mountain region ls approache ls more particularly the case In wlntei summer lt not unfrequently happens th the average duration of the nigh summer ature ls of shorter duration In the upper the lower division or the State, there are at which the thermometer Indicates a range in the former than in the latter, bei the absence or the refreshing Bea bteez 8tantly prevailing In the vicinity of the o< To exemplify the relative temperature different points of the State, it may be Int? to nive the following statement, taken pamphlet published by Drs. A. Coffin an Geddings, on the climate of. Aiken, S. C., I to show, by comparisons, the difference t the mean temperature of this State, as con with that of the points Indicated In the tal Thus the annual mean temperature of C ton ls ?4 deg. 88 min.: of Aiken, 61 deg. 69 or New York, 50 deg. 09 min.: of Boston. 50 min. ; of Portland, Mc, 45 deg. ; of Phllatl ta deg. 46 min.; of Cincinnati. 54 deg. 07 m Louis, 53 deg. 50 min.; San Francisco, 67 min. ; of Pnnceston, Minn., 39 deg. 60 min. ; nah, 64 deg. 26 min.; St. Augustine, 69 i min. Now, to apply these data, lt should bc rei that the experience of ail observant medic; intoners bas demonstrated that a tempera about 65 degree* ls the most congenial and able to the sick; lt is, therefore, manifest range which most nearly approximates i point, seldom rana lng far above lr, must b congenial to the well, or most conducive tu : Tested tn this manner, Sonth Carolina. G and Florida, therefore, present pre-cmiue mat ic advantages over all the points lndic being devoid, on thc one hand, ur the los tlnued influence or the freezing temperan the North and West, and seldom, in the 1 months of Bummer, giving a higher them rlcal range than those regions. The highes peratnre noted at Aiken, in South Carolin 102 deg., the lowest 12 deg. The highest ter ture observed" in Charleston, by the wr these observations, was ?5 deg., and it shoi remarked thar high ranges In summer s continue more than arcw ?lays- the thermo; even during the hottest months, seldom ra higher than from SO to 90 deg. Tims, while these facts os regard tempe speak forcibly In favor of the health of t mate, they Indicate the important addi consideration that man may here labor year's end to year's end, and at the same tl tn the lull enjoyment of all the pleasant ph Influences afforded by a mild and genial eli south Carolina, like all warm and temi climates, is subject to considerable rain fall.' although falls or snow frequently take plac? lng winter, far up In the Interior, this se lakes place near thc coast, and even ther snow generally melts away in a few hours, the pamphlet above referred to, lt appears a tabular statement, for eight years, the gr* mean of rain was 10.25 inch; the minimini Inch. . It can scarcely be necessary to remark, the preceding topographical observations o lower part of the State, that a high degree o m i dit v ol the atmosphere is a leading fea This ls partly due to the proximity of the oi but to a great extent to the abundant surraci subsoil water furnished by the numerous | rivers and smaller streams, the wides; swamps and pools, and other conditions com te all low and flat countries with defective d age, especially after heavy falls of rain and i dations by freshets. For these reasons, in al lower part of the State the dew-point ls high when the middle and upper hilly country ls rc ed, this condition becomes completely chan The water there finds a ready escape; lt ls sel retained for a great length of time, either t the surface or under the Boll; the atmosphe therefore comparatively dry, and the dew-ji low. These differences have an important t lng upon the comparative healthfulness or two (.?visions in question, and furnis! rational solution of the question, why should be superior to the other, at the si time they demonstrate, that when the low ct try shall be divested of surface and subsoil ter by thorough drainage, its hygienic condi may be so far Improved as to make lt a safe profitable abode for man. VI-General Relation between the. Climate of Sn Carolina ana the Diseases to which lt is i jed. Mach might be said upon this subject, culated, IX properly considered, to remove mi unrounded and long cherished prejudii South Carolina being In a warm r?gion, and i versed by numerous rivers, with a wide ext or swamp and low land, either partially s merged or saturated with subsoil moisture, 1 long Incurred the stigma long applied to all si lar localities, or being highly uu favorable health. This ia far from being true to the ext) generally supposed. It cannot be denied tl many portions of the lower part of the Sta where extensive swamps and stagnant wa abound, are more or less amenable to this pei ral prejudice; but nearly the whole extent of I middle and up-country, as well as some pa sui. nearer the coast, will compare favorably, a sanitary point of view, with most regions of t same extent enjoying a much higher reputatk Even the rice fields of the low country-t swamps and the low lands-the choked streams and stagnant pools-If thoroughly drai ed and submitted to proper culture, could divested of thc bad reputation long attached them, and thus converted into fruitful fields, ai safe and cheerful homes for the Industrious pr prletors-thus returning abundant reward f skill and labor expended, and associating wi them plenty and opulence. The diseases most commonly prevalent in Soul Carolina are not peculiar to its territory, nor t they differ In form or gravity from the similar a feciions prevalent In other sections or the habits ble globe. In many respects indeed, howevi paradoxical the assertion may seem, owing i the mildness of the climate, they are, many < Hiern, less numerous and most of them more mil and tractable than the corresponding disease which prevail in many pana of the United states possessing, as very erroneously supposed, much more favorable reputation for health. SM ness and death are thc common heritage or mai every where-no region or race or nation can et cape this common lot; but it may with trurh b aiDrmed, that in our bright and sunny clime man, by instituting proper ameliorating precau tlon8, may live as healthfully and as long ash' can in other sections. At the head of the acute diseases mos: preva lent in this State mus: be placed thecommor maUirUms fevers ot the country, and it raav be proper to remark here that it is mainly in refer ence to these that a very erroneous impression has gone abroad, and led those who are not con^ versant with tho Tacts to suppose that the whole orthe State Is inimical to health, when in truth thia allegation can only apply to thc low flat country abounding with swamps and stagnant water, particularly thc broad area appropriated to rice t-ulture, in which that crop, during the greater part ol the growing season, ls kept submerged by impure water, either let In from tides, or de? rived from the reserves formed from the adjacent swamps and sluggish streams; also, in the course or the principal streams and their associated swampy bordera, where water is al? lowed to accumulate and become putrid under the high temperature of the Bummer sun. inter? mittent and remittent fevers of various degrees of violence not unfrequentl? prevail. But, as pre? viously Iniimated. this liability is not peculiar to Carolina or the other Southern States, but exhl bitsymeir over a great portion or the habitable globe, wherever pent up water and decaying or-1 ganlc matter are allowed to accumulate, exooaed to the influence or a high temp?rature. This is fully demonstrated bj a careful study or Jfoao aeographv, from which lt will appear that, from the equator to sixty-five deg. north latitute, from the burning suns of the tropics to the ice-bound regions of Russia, Poland and Scandinavia, and from the lowest plains very frequently to high mountain ranges, these diseases are of frequent occurrence, and are oftentimes more violent and ratal than in the most unhealthful regions or our own State. The cause ever exists at particular periods or the year, and it ls a great consolation to know that by judicious sanitary expedients throngh drainage or the country by a proper system or dykes and drains or sufficient depth andnnmber, not only to carry orr all surf ice wa? ter, but at the same time effectually dry the sub? soil. These cares should be applied as well to the woods as to the fields, and no swamps should be lele undrained, no streams choked up, no stag? nant pools allowed to accumulate. These are no empty hypotheses or visionary theories. All these suggestions are practicable, and can and will be carried out at some future day, when our broad extent of waste lands will be converted into bean ti fol fertile fields, waving in the gorge? ous wealth or agricultural products; the broad expanse or swamps and river bottoms, comprising thousands or acres or the most productive lands in the world, now the abode or wild beasts and noisome rep? tiles, will be redeemed rrom the present worth? less condition to enrich the industry or men, by returning to him the rich fruits of their produc? tiveness; and above all, when these results shall have been consummated, pestilence, ir not en? tirely driven rrom the land, will be at least so mitigated and shorn or its extent and violence, as to allow the occupants or the soil to remain In comparative security. Instead or being obliged every summer to flee for sarety to other regions, or to some adjacent city or Band-hill. But the dim cul tics referred to above do not apply to the middle and upper country. In point or health, those regions will compare favorably, all circumstances considered, with any section of equal extent in the United States. Malarious fevers, lt is true, prevail in certain localties here, as they do over most of the world's surface, but are mostly mild and manageable, and within the experience of the writer of this report, the steady advance or agricultural improvement and drain? age has done much to drive these enemies or mankind hefore lt ; and it can now be affirmed with perfect truth, that compared with the broad regions or the West and Northwest, towards which the tide of immigration perpetually flows, the middle and upper regions or South Carolina are incalculably superior to all or them, not only in point of climate and health, but also under an economical relation. Another febrile affection, next In degree or Im? portance to those described above, is t)phold or enteric rever. This disease, or almost universal diffusion, ls imre or less prevalent In South Caro? lina, where it first made irs appearance In 1831, since which period lt has spread over most of the the Southern country. Here, however, os elsewhere, there are cycles influencing the types and character or prevailing diseases; and already the one in question shows a notable tendency to decline. At no time during its most extensive prevalence in the State did lt exhibit the severe complications and ratal character so common in other quarters or the kindred form or cxanthe mathous typhus-the great scourge or other countries ls unknown here-and yellow rever, limited when lt does appear at uncertain inter? vals, being always limited to the city, only re? quires a passing notice. Throughout the world-In climes-diseases of the chest make up a large share of the muititude nous infirmities peculiar to the human family. Nor ls Carolina exempt from a share of these- ills: But in her mild and balmy climate, bronchial and throat affections, pneumonia, pleurisy, and even the moBt formidable of all, pulmonary consump? tion, are far less common here than In more un? congenial climes; and they do occur, all except the last, assume a mitigated form, and arc seldom fatal tr not neglected. Fortunately those resident upon our soil, as well as those rrom a distance afflicted with this class or maladies, find in the high climate of Aiken, as well as the light, dry, pure air peculiar to the sand-hill region so often referred to. a physical combination of Influences more favorable to res? toration, and even to prevention, than in any other known spot on the surface or the globe. It ls a common saying, '-See Naples and die." We would say to persons laboring under pulmonary and throat diseases, "Come to Aiken and live." Other diseases or Carolina require*no special notice, as they exhibit no striking peculiarity, with the exception perhaps, that they are gene? rally less grave. In conclusion or these remarks, already too mncii extended, we may be permitted to say that cur State presenta many attractions for those seeking a new, genial, happy home, cheered by bright skies and unclouded sunshine, by a mild balmy climate, a productive foll, capable of making an abundant return for labor, illimitable water power, to drive the machinery brought into existence by the restless genius or man, luxuri? ant flowery lawns, and slopes and hills, covered with majestic forest. And in nddlttnn to all this, where will be round an intel Igent, relined and chivalrous people, ready to receive alt such willi cordial Welcome. ELI GEDDINGS. M. D., Chairman. COMMERCIAL SE Ita. Exports. PniLADELi'HiA-Per steamship J w Evcrman 130 tierces rice, 40 bales cotton, loo bales domes? tics, SO casks clay. 240 bbls naval stores, 320 pack? ages vegetables, 2u packages sundries. Thc Charleston Cotton. Klee and Navnl Stores Market? -OFF1CB CHARLB8T0N NEWS. 1 FRIDAY EVENING, May c, 1S70. j COTTON.-The market was characterized by a steady and even active demand, with a disposi? tion In rates to harden, and in some case- slightly better prices were paid. Sales about 600 bales, ol which 81 were sold the evening befare, say io al 18c; 16 at MX; 14 at 19; 58 at 20; 20 a: 20;,; 93 at 20ji ; 74 at 20Ji ; 3S at 21 ; 39 at 213,' ; 30 at 21.'4 ; ISM at 21>?C; 10 on private terms. We quote : LIVERPOOL CLASSIFICATION. Ordinary to good ordinary.... ..18 @20',' Low middling.20??@ Middling.21 re? strict middling.21*i - RICE.-This grain was firm, and prices ^<^\t fi lb higher. Sales 7G tlercos of clean carolina, say 50 tjerces at Cjic; 16 at 7; io at 7>;c. Wt quote common to fair clean Carolina at 6,^(5Tc: good 7>4@7,\'c fi lb. NAVAL STORES. -No sales. FREIGHTS.-To Liverpool, oy steam, direct Domi? nai, via New York, 7-l6d on uplands; ll-icd on sea Islands; by sall we quote 7-lcd on upland cotton, and sd ? Hi on ?sea island cotton. To Havre, by steam, nomi? nal; by sall, nominal at Xe on upland* ind l'Ac on sea islands. Coastwise tc Sew York, by steam. >?c fl lb on upland* ind Vc on sea islands; by sall, Kc fi lb on up lands. To Boston, by steam, nominal; by Bau, ^ 3XC ft lb on uplands. To Philadelphia, by steam. Vc fi lb on uplands; by sall, somewhat nom mal. To Baltimore, by steam, 3i@>?cfitbon iplands; by sall somewhat nominal. EXCHANGE.-Sterling 60 day bills 24@24>,'. DOMESTIC EXCHANGE.-The banks purchase sight checka at par to ?,, premium, and sell a: premium. QOLS.-Buying at 13 and Beliing at 14 Market* by Telegraph, FOREIGT". LONDON, May 6.-Noon.-Consols 94M. Bonds 88>i. LivKRrooL, May 6.-Noon.-Cotton steady: up? lands lOJid; Orleans llJid; sales 10,000 bales. Sales for the week, Cl,OOO bales; for export und speculation, 12,000. Stock on hand, 540,eoo bales, of which 335,000 arc American. Receipts far the week, 33,000 bales, or which 8,000 were American. Afternoon.-Cotton firm; sales will reach 12,000 bales. Yarns and fabrics at Manchester steady. Evening.-Cotton steady; uplands lOJiu; Or? leans ll.'t'alljj'd; 3000 bales far export and specu? lation. Beer firmer, bot no: higher. HAVRE, May C.-Cotton opens quiet. PARIS, May C.-Buarse opened quiet. Rentes 74T 70C. DOMESTIC. NEW YORK, May 4.-Noon.-Stocks sirong. Mouey easy at 5a6 per -cent. Goid 141,'. Sixty-twoj ll. Sterling, long, P??; short, in. Tennessee ex coupons 68; new 41M ; Virginia ex-coupons 09; LouiBiana sixes, old, 7?: new. 73: levees, sixes, 72; eights 91; Alabama eights 103; Georgia sevens 94; Carolina old 47; new 38?,,'. Flour u shade firmer. Wheat lc better. Corn lase better. Pork firm at $20 25. Lard quiet at lOXaifl^c. Cotton firmer; uplands 222*c; Orleans 23'?e; sales 600 bales. Turpentine quiet at 43a43>?:. Rosin quiet, $2 IO far strained. Freights firm. Evening.-Cotton firmer; sales 2000 bales: mid? dling uplands 22;;c. Flour 6c better on thc low grades; superfine State $4 SOaS; .Southern com? mon to fair extra teas 70. Whoa: lc better ?iud fairly active; winter red and amber Western $1 20al 30. Corn scarce and 2c better; new mix? ed Western $1 lOal 15. and $1l?al l?.y in store. Beef steady; new plain mess $i3aiC; new extra mess $l6al3. Pork heavy; mess $20 25a29 37. I Lard dull and nominal. Whiskey firmer; West? ern free $1 06. Groceries firm and quiet. Nav.il stores quiet. Turpentine 44a44)?c Rosin $2 0.la0. Tallow quiet at BJfadftC. Freights to Liverpool firm; cotton by steam }{?. Money easy at 4a5. Sterling 0?faO& Gold 14% Governments strong at ll J,' ; Southerns dull but steady. BALTIMORE, May 6.-Cotton dull and unchang? ed; middling 22.<?. sales 320 bales; net receipts 336 bales; coastwise 26 bales; total 361 bales;stock bales; coastwise 26 bales; total stn bales; stock 3286 bales; net receipts or week 385 bales; coast? wise 681 bales; total 1066 bales; exports to Con? tinent 306 bales; coastwise 320 bales; sales 825 bales. CINCINNATI, May 6.-Whiskey firm but quiet at $103, and little offering. Corn scarce at 90 cts. Mess pork saleable at $29 60 for good brands. Lard dull and nominal at 14al6>i c. Sr. LOUIS May 6.-Corn advancing, mixed and yellow $1 09al 12j?c; white $1 lOal 17c. WhlBkey firm, $1 09. Provisions Arm'. Pork $29 50a30 Bacon shoulders 13c; clear rib 16"?c; clear sides 17 Lard quiet, I6*ic In tierce, 18c in keg. WILMINGTON, May 6.-Cotton dull, low middling 20c; receipts for the week 302 bales; exports coastwise 279 bales; sales iso bales; stock 540 bales. CITY POINT, May 6.-Cotton receipts for the week .1700 bales. AUGUSTA, May 6.-Cotton in fair demand and prices a shade better; sales 390 bales; receipts 170 bales; middling 20}?a20%; sales of the week 1970 bales; receipts 1273 bales; stock 16,124 bales. SAVANNAH, May 6.-Cotton active: middling 2i??a2l'?c; sales eco bales; receipts 1677 bales; ex? ports coastwise 1069 bales; stock 38; 201 bales up? lands and 1477 sea islands; receipts of the week 6S69 bales; exports to Great Britain 3465 bales. GALVESTON, May C.-Cotton receipts to-day 384 bales for the week 7200 bales; stock 36,614 bales. MOBILE, May e.-Cotton in good demand, tend? ing upward; middling 21.'.,'a21j?c; sales 600 bales; receipts 875; exports to New York 926; Boston 763; New Orleans 111; stock 47.20C; receipts of the week 4549; exports to Great Britain 6430; coast? wise 2MS: sales solo. NKW ORLEANS, May 6.-Cotton firm and In fair i'eriand; middlings 21>?a22; sales 3150 bales; net rcceipfs 6045; coastwise 154; total 6199; exports to Havre 38C3; stock 146,435; net receipts or the week 29,028; coastwise 762; total 29,790; exports to Great Britain 17,530; Biemen 1557; Havre 7464; New York 2C36; Boston ion; sales of the week 21,000. _^ New York Rice Market. Trom the Journal ol Commerce May 4 : For domestic th?re ls a moderate inquiry from the jobbing trade, and with small offerings prices re? main firm. Wc quote ' 6^a7.'ic for common to fancy. Rangoon IP dull, and prices are nominal at3^c,gold, in bond. From the Tribune : Prices are firm, and the views of holders met on the Bales making, but buyers will not, at current figures, operate freely, and actual wants are closely adhered to in all movements. Carolina c??a7-?c for common to prime, and 7*?a7J?c for choice and fauoy; sales of i;")Q tierces* From the World : The supply available is small, the market very firm, and in a jobbing way busi? ness moderately active, but buyers are not In? vesting freely at ruling prices. Carolina 6>ia7c for common to good, and 7j?a7}?c for prime to fancy. Sales In lots of 160 tierces. From the Herahl : Carolina was steady at 63ia TMc for common to prime, with small sales within the range. Mew York Fruit and Vegetable Market. The Tribune of the 4th Instant reports : VEGETABLES.-New cabbages are coming from Charleston. They are going out at $10 per 100. Virginia roddUDes are plenty ar $2 50a$3. About 400 bushels of green peas arrived per Charleston steamer of to-day. Potatoes, progress backward; some fair lois of peachblows selling at ?112. FRUITS AND BERRIES.-Apples arrive somewhat rreely. but generally ont or order, lt takes sonnd Russets to bring $4 00 in lots. Cranberries are again luwercd to make them move in competition with rhubarb. A lew crates strawberries, in fair order, arrived rrom Charleston. A lot or 75 quarts was sold for 80, which when repacked and fixed over were retailed at $2 per quart. A few quarts Virginia berries have been received. Wilmington Naval Stures Market. WILMINGTON. May 5.-TURVENTINE.-On Fri? day last the market opened at previous quota? tions, at which sales were made during the day. On Saturday, however, there was a decline of loa 25c, nnd prices have since ruled at $3 25 Tor new virgin. S- 66 for yellow dip, and ?1 CO for hard, lier 230 pounds-closing with a moderate demand ror diddling purposes. Receipts continue meagre, and fur Die week are only CB bbls. SriKiTS 1 UKTENTINE.-since the close of our East review the market Tor this article has ruled less active, and shows a declin? of 1>? cents. Un Friday thc market opened ec3S.l? cents, at which it ruled quiet but steadily up to Wednesday, clos? ing dr.il. und buyers not dbposed to operate. To? day (Thursday) lhere ls less Inquiry, and prices have further declined, sales being made at 37<?a as cents-closing dull at IOWCBI figure, with a still downward tendency. There ls, however bnly a meagre supply In factor's hands, which is gene? rally held out of market. ROSIN.-The market lor all grades has ruled about the same as reported in uur last, so far a; prices arc concerned. The demand fur'siralnei has been moderate, but closes rather quiet at $1 60. For No. 2 and medium qualities of No. j i he market, has ruled less firm, and buyers are not operating to any extent. For finer grades o pale and window glass, there has existed a bet ter feeling, and pare?is when offered have gene rally found sale at figures given beiow. Tin transactions In all grades, however, have beer somewhat restricted on accout of scarcity o stock, and receipts, both hy river and by rai! continue light. The sales are as follows: Friday lf>8 bbl?, at $4 $? 37},'as 62},' ror pale; Satur? day, 450 bbls at $1 02<i for strained, $4 I2,yu Tl lor pale, and $5 7Gae for extra pale; Monday, 36; bbls nt $1 GO for strained, $4 for extra No. 1, $4 2; ai 50 fur pale, and $5 50as 75 ror extra pale Tuesday, 986 bbls at $1 CO ror strained, $3 50 io No. l ; ? 4 for extra No. l, $4 25, 4 60a5 for cale, f 25ao 50 for extra pale, and $6 for window glass Wednesday 20S; Thursday, 154 bbls at $2 50a3 5i for Nu. 1, and $4 25a4 su fur pale, per bbl of 280 lbs TAR.-For the week the market has generali' ruled quiet but steady for this article, ami tin price ls thc same as quoted iu our last. Receipts have fallen off, and reach only 471 bbls., ali o which has found sale at $1 50 per'bbl. Macon Market. MACON. May 4- COTTON.-Receipts to-day 8' bales; sales 221; shipped 130 bales. Receipts fu: the week ending this evening. 393 biles: sale/ loco; shipments 1164 bales; showing a railing ot of only 24 bales from the receipts ur the previous week, and a falling off in sales uf 785 bales. Tin market hos been quiet and rather dull all tin week, and prices have steadily tended down ward There nas been a moderately good demand al! Hu while, but holders were very stubborn and bul little was offered. We note a decline of about ii on the week's operations, the market closing will a moderate demand this evening at soaso.'ic. COTTON STATEMENT. Stock on hand September l, 1869. 171 Received today.-. 8" Received previously.77,278-77,361 Total.77,54 Shipped ro-day. ISO Shipped previously.67,?>?2-68, Of! "'Stock un hand this evening. P,4.\ Nashville Market. NASHVILLE, May 3.-COTTON.-The co'.tor market during the period under review bas shown fair steadiness, with moderate activity The receipts of the week foot up 1342 bales against 933 last week and 621 for the correspond lug week last year. The sales amounted to Mi bales, against 1841 last week and 1396 the corres? ponding week last year. The shipments include* 974 bales, against 1301 the previous week and luj the corresponding week last year. To day tin market was moderately active, with even run nmg lots of middling changing hands at 20c, am some few lots of strict low middlings command Ing?OJjC We quote as follows: Inferior 12nl4c ordinary 15al6c; good ordinary 17alS,'-'c; lu? middling 20c; strict low middling 20;?c. COTTON STATEMENT. Stock on hand Sept. 1, lfe??.Non! Received today. Ct?3 Received previously.44.-67-44,631 Total.44,031 Shipped to-day. 4-? Stopped previously.osni-3fi.23< Stock un hand.e,40< FLOUR.-Market continues buoyant and firm We quoit' as follows: Superfine $4 50; extra $6 family ?0; fancy SC 75. CURS.-sales to-day of 1000 bushels in ear a $1 15; 800 bushels slielied at fl 17: lott) do at $: 19 per bushel, ail of which was sacked and de livered In depot. OATS.-Sales of 100D bushels to-day a: 7oa75c sacked and delivered in depot. . WHEAT.-We quote buying price as follows Mediterranean Kc: red 610&; amber and vttl? Si lOal 15c. Interior Cotton Market-*. YORK VILLE, May 4.-There ha.? been a decline in prices since our last report. We quote from 19,'?a20c for a good article to-day. ROCK HILL, M.VV4.-Large receipts a: South? ern ports and at Liverpool having caused a de cline in Northern markets of to J-'c, our mar kel lias given way a }2e. and middlings will noi command over 20c to-day. 'CHARLOTTE, May 2.-The market showed bul little ritnatton during the past week, and we con linne former quotations-;0'?c for middlings, market closing eastr on Saturday. Sales for the week iso bales. ATLANTA, May 4.-The market closed ar. 20c for middling.-?; 19c for low middlings; 18c ror gootl ordinary; 17c lor ordinary. MONTGOMERY, May 4.-Market dull; low mid dungs 19)jc. Receipt? by Rj?ilroad7l??y 6. sorra GASOLINA RAILROAD. 663 bales cotton, 30 bales domestics, 20 bbls whiskey, 160 sacks oil meal, 41 bbls naval stores. To Railroad Agent, Graeser A Smith, L D DeSaos sure, G H Ingrabam A Son, Pelzer, Rodgers A co, Frost A Adger, Wagner, Stewart A co. Reeder A Davis, A J salinas, J D Aiken A co, E J Wisa A co, A B Mulligan, W C Courtney A co, Mowry A Son. G W Williams A co, G O Witte, J B E Sloan, G BT Walter w co, Claghorn, Herring A co, Muller, Nim? itz A co, and Goldsmith A Son. Passengers. Per steamer Argo, from Bull River, Edisto, Ac Mrs Edings and servant, and 16 on deck. POST C A I, JENDA Jg'. MOON'S PHASES. First Quarter, 8th, io hours, 17 minutes, morning. Full Moon, 16th, 12 hours, 43 minutes, mornnlng. Last Quarter, 22d, 12 hours. 40 minutes, morning. New Moon, 30th, 4 honra, 37 minutes, morning. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday... Friday. Saturday... Sundav. atm. RISES. 6..13 6..12 6.. 12 6..10 6.. 9 6.. 9 6.. 8 SUN SETS. 6..41 6..42 6..42 6. .43 6. .44 6..44 6.. 45 MOON B. * ? 8..26 9..20 10..17 il.. 9 morn. 12.. 1 12..48 HIGH WATER. 8..45 9..25 10..10 10.. 69 ll..64 mern. 12..49 MARINE NEWS. CHARLESTON, S. C., MAY 7. ARRIVED YESTERDAY. Steamer Argo. Boyle. Bnll River. Edisto, Ac. Mdse. To Douglas Nisbet, J C H Claussen, and others. Steamer Islander, Coste, Savannah. To J BW Aiken A co. Received from Chlsolm's Rice Mill. 90 tierces rice. To W C Bee A co, and H L Chisolm. k Received from Bennett's Mill. 30 tiercc? rice. Tu Thurston & Holmes, and W C Bee A co. CLEARED YESTERDAY. Steamship J w Everman, Hinckley, Philadel? phia-w A Courtenay. Sehr Nellie F Burgess, McKeen, Wilmington, Del-J A Enslow A co. SAILED-TESTE RDAY, Steamship J W Everman, Hinckley, Phlladel pliia. Sehr E D Endicott, Endicott, a Southern Port. St en ?uer City Point, Peck, Palatka, via Jack? sonville, Fernandina and Savannah.. FROM THIS rORT. Ship Missonri, Bradburn, Liverpool, April 21. British bark Lakemba, Brown, Liverpool, April 21. . ' Spanish brig Teresa, Tomas, Barcelona, April 16. Sehr Jeddle, Trott, Brunswick, Ga, April 24. Sehr Island Belle, Pierce, Philadelphia, Moy S. CLEARED FOR THIS PORT. Brig Kennebec, Mihott, at Philadelphia, May 3. . MEMORANDA. The ?hip Southern Chief, Biggins, from Charles? ton for Liverpool, was spoken April 24, lat 39,. lon 64.05. The sehr Palma, Rankin, for Georgetown, S C, cleared at New York May 3. The sehr A E Glover. Terry, for Boston from Charleston, arrived at Wood's Hole May 2. The sehr Aglie, Roberts, frem Georgetown, S C,. arrived at Wilmington, N C. May 5. ?uilroa?s. S A "VANNAH AND CHARLESTON RAIL? ROAD. SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, )*' SAVANNAH AND CHABLIISTON RAILROAD CO., } Mi LL ST. DEPOT, CHARLESTON, April 15,1870. ) ?n aud arter MONDAY, 18th inst., Trl-Weekly Freight Trains will run through to Savannah, leaving Charleston on MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS and FRIDAYS, ano returning on TUESDAYS, THURS PAVS and s AT CUD AYS. Freight received up to 2. o'clock P. M., on TUESDAYS, THURSDAYS and SAT? URDAYS will be forwarded by following day trata. C. S. GADSDEN, apriti Engineer and Superintendent. OUTH CAROLINA RAILROAD. GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, ) CHARLESTON, S. C., Sept. 16,1869. J On end after Thursday, September ie. the Pas? senger Trains on the South Carolina Railroad wBl run as follows: FOB AUGUSTA. Leave Charleston.8.80 A. M Arrive ut Augusta.4.46 P. M. Connecting with trains for Montgomery, Mem? phis, NashviUe and New Orleans, via Montgomery and Grand Junction. FOB COLUMBIA. Leave Charleston.8.80 A. M. Arrive at Columbia.4.40 P. M. Connecting with Wilmington and Manchester Railroad, and Camden tram. TOB CHARLESTON. Leave AnguBta.-.8.00 A. M. Arrive at Charleston.4.00 P. M. Leave Columbia.7.46 A. M. Arrive at Charleston.4.00 P. M. AUGUSTA NIGHT EXPRESS. (Sundays excepted.) Leave Charleston.7.80 P. M. Arrive at Augusta.6.10 A. M. Connecting with trains for Memphis, Nashville nd New Orleans, via Grand Junction. Leave Augusta.4.10 P. M. Arrive at Charleston.4.00 A. M. COLUMBIA NIGHT EXPRESS. (Sundays excepted.) Leave Charleston.6.06 P. M. Arrive at Columbia.4.46 A. M. Connecting (Sundays excepted) with Greenvtfle and Columbia Railroad, and on Mondays, Wednes? days and Fridays with Charlotte and South Caro? lina Railroad. Leave Columbia.6.60 P. M. Arrive at Charleston.6.80 A. M. SUMMERVILLE TRAIN. Leave Charleston.2.60 P. M. Arrive at Summerville.4.10 P. M. Leave Summerville..7.10 A. M. Arrive at Charleston.'. .8.25 A. M. CAMDEN BRANCH. ' Camden and Columbia Passenger Trains on MONDAYS. WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, and be wecn Camden and Ringville daily, (Sundaes ex? cepted,) connects with up and down Da" Pas? sengers at Ringville. Leave Camden.6.36 A. M. Arrive at Columbia.11.00 A. M. Leave Columbia.1.46 P.JJ. Arrive ar Camden.6.00 P. M. ^Signed) H. T. PEAKE, septis General Superintendent. C HANGE OF SCHEDULE. 1 G ENERAL SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE, ) ATLANTIC AND GULF RAILROAD, } SAVANNAH. January 7, 1870. J , On and arter SUNDAY, the 9th--instant, Passen ' ger Trains on this road will run as follows: NIOHT EXPRESS TRAINS. Leave Savannah dally at.4.80 P. M. Arrive at Jesup (junction M. A- B. K. R.) dally at.7.30 P.M. Arrive at Live Oak daily at.2.20 A. M. Arrive at Jackson ville daily at.7.02 A. M. Arrive at Tallahassee dally at.7.07 A. M. Arrive at Quincy dally at.9.15 A. M. Arrive at Bainbridge (Mondays except? ed) at.6.16 A.M. Leave Bainbridge (Sundays excepted) at.9.30 P.M. Leave Quincy dally at.6.25 P. M. Leave Tallahassee dally at.8.26 P. M. Leave Jacksonville daily at.8.30 P. M. Leave Live Oak dally at.1.28 A. M. Leave Jcsup dally at.7.60 J? M. Arrive at Savannah dally at.10.60 A. M. MACON AND BRUNSWICK ACCOMMODATION. Leave Savannah (Sundays excepted) at.2.10 P.M. Arrive at Jesup (Sundays excepted) at.6.00 P. M. Arrive at Brunswick daily at.S.20 P. M. Leave Macon dally at.8.30 A. M. Leave Jesup daily at.o.oo p. M. Arrive at Savannah daily at.D.30 P. M. On Sundav this train Will ?eave Savannah at 7.15 A. M.. connecting with traies for Macon and Brunswick, and connecting with trains rrom Macon and Brunswick, will arrive at Savannah at 9.30 P. M. DAY TRAIN. Leave Savannah (Sundays excepted) at.7.16 A. M. Arrive at Jesup (Sundays excepted) at..10.45 A. M. Arrive at Live Oak (Sundays excepted) at.7.00 P. M. Arrive at Macon dally at.7.60 P. M. Leave Live Oak (Sundays excepted) at. .6.00 A. M. Leave Jesup (Sundays excepted) at.2.16 P. M. Arrive at Savannah (Sundays except? ed) at. .6,36 P.M. Passengers for Macon take 7.15 A. M. train from Savannah, leaving dally Passengers ror Brunswick take 2.10 P. M. train from Savannah. Passengers leaving Macon at 8.30 A. M., con? nect at Jesup with express tr^n ror Florida and Western Division, and with train ter Savan? nah, arriving at 9.30 P. M. Passengers rrom Brunswick connect at Jesup with train ror Savon?ah, arriving at 5.36 P. M., except on Sundays, when lt arrives at 9.30 P. M. Connect at Macon with train for Atlanta, leav? ing at 9.00 P. M. SOUTH GEORGIA AND FLORIDA RAILROAD TRAIN. Leave ThomasvlUe (Tuesdays, Thurs? days, and Saturdays) at.8.00 A. M. Arrive at Pelham (Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays) at.0.66 A. M. Leave Pelham (Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays) at.3.45 P. M. Arrive at ThomasvlUe (Tuesdays, Thurs days, and Saiordays) at.6.00*?M. , H. S. BAINES. j feb7 * ?r? General superintendent. J? ?