Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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irr^T TTUff IT_N?TMRER 1259. CHARLESTON, TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 4, 1870. SIX DOLLARS A YEAR. COLUMBIA. EZ'.MORED DEFALCATIONS. DELARGE DENOCNC?D~AS A BASE LIAR. General Legislative Proceeding?. [SrECIAL TELEGRAM TO THE SEWS.] COLUMBIA, January 27. lu the Senate to-day Lunney introduced resolutions for the appointment ot a committee to investigate cases ot alleged frauds in public ?nices. Swalls, colored, introduced a bill to provide for filling vacancies in theoitlce of sheriff; also a bill authorizing counties, cities and towns to make subscriptions for internal improvements. Corbin introduced a bill to provide for the for? mation of associations for religious, charitable and educational purposes. Lifcney gave notice of a bill to incorporate the Black Creek Cemetery Company. The report of the Judiciary Committee on the concurrent resolution requesting the Attorney General to inform the General Assembly whether the law requiring three months' notice in the m public press, for the changing or amending char K ters of incorporations, is abolished by law, was P adopted. A House bill to incorporate the Heston Fire En. gine Corni . ny, of Georgetown, S. C., was read a second time. In the House the following were read a first time: A bill to regulate the fee3 of probate judges, clerks of Circuit Courts, trial justices, and justices of the peace; a bill to amend the charter of Summerville and to extend its limits; a bill to amend the charter of Abbeville, and to provide for the formation of religious, charitable and educa? tional associations; a bill to Incorporate the ?omet Engine Company of Orangeburg; the Code of Procedure. A resolution instructing the Judiciary Commit? tee to report what action they have taken rela? tive to preparing an amendment to the constitu? tion to extend the right of suffrage to females, was laid on the table. Notice was given by Jervey of a bill to Incorpo? rate the Lincoln Guard, of St. Stephen's, Charles? ton County; by McKinlay, to extend the law per? mitting the erection of wooden buildings In the uppljr wards of the City of Charleston; by Cook, to incorporate the Hook and Ladder Company of Greenville; by Sasportas, to amend the charter of thc Town of Branchville. The bill to aratmd the charter of the Georgetown Railroad wus passed. The Educational bill was then discussed, and sections 3 and 8, relating to text books, were re? ferred to a special committee of seven. During the debate DeLarge intimated that all the school commissioners had been "seen" by book agents. McIntyre, who is a school commissioner, said that if DeLarge meant him he wa3 a base liar. There warmnch confusion, but McIntyre apolo1" gized to thc House, and the hub-bub subsided. A DAT AT THE CAFETAL. Meeting ot the Executive Comm! the South Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical Society - Judge Boozer Magistrates to be Weeded Out-The Code. [FROM OUR OWS CORRESPONDENT.] COLUMBIA, January 20. SOUTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. A meeting of the Executive Committee or this society was hold in the Columbia Hotel last night, at which were present Colonel D. Wyatt Aiken. Col..;el J. P. Thomas, Messrs. W. Wallace, W. M. Lawton, W. S, ?T?Uerey, and others. The premium for tue best field of cotton on five acra and on one acre of land was awarded to Mr. J. M. Crawford, of Columbia. Several letters from fertilizing companies, offer? ing to test their manures through the society, were read, but their requests were not complied with, because the grounds of the society are al? ready under cultivation. Mr. W. M. Lawton tendered a proposition from the South Carolina Institute, (incorporated "wholly for the development of the various Indus? tries of the State by means of fairs,") that it and thc Agricultural Society hold a fair together in Charleston next year. A vote was taken upon agreeing to the proposition, and it was voted down. A premium Hst of $7000 was authorized for thc next fair. The list will be published lu a few days in THE NEWS, Courier, Phtcnix and Guar? dian. Last year the premium list amounted to only four thousand dollars. Messrs. Whilden 4 Co., through Mr. Lawton, submitted a design ror a medal, which was adopt? ed, and the committee authorized to have a sunl clent number made. The medal will be about the size or a Mexican dollar, some of gold, others or sUver. Around the outer edge is the name "South Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical Society, 1870." In the centre a representation ol a pal? metto tree, around which are clustered a sheaf of gram, a barrel of turpentine, a bale of cotton, a plough and other agricultural implements, an anvil and a pale of compasses: On thc reverse side of the medal ls a wreath-oae-half composed of flowers and the other half or stalks or grain. In the centre.or the wreath are the words, "Awarded to"-a blank being left for the name of the party to whom the medal may be awarded. Al^jether, the design of the medal is very neat. Arter disposing or some other bisiness of no general interest, the committee adjourned to meet on the first Tuesday of May next. JUGE BOOZER. In the Supreme Court to-day thc rollowing preamble and resolutions were presented by thc bar or the Supreme Court and adopted: Resolved, That in the death or the Hon. Lemuel Boozer, Judge or the Court or Common.rica3 and General Sessions of thc Fifth Judicial Circuit or this state, we morun the loss ora juror and useful public servant, au able and impar? tial judge and au honest and estimable gentle? man. Resolved, That the foregoing expression of our respect and esteem be presented to the Supreme Court, with the request that it be spread upon the records or the court. Arter eulogistic speeches from Attorney-Gene? ral Chamberlain, Chief Justice Moses, Hon. Mr. DeSaus3iire, and Mr. Treadwell, of Columbia, and Colonel Caughman, of Lexington, the court ad? journed as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased judge. MAGISTRATES TO DE WEEDED OUT. It ls well known that in this State there are more magistrates than there is any necessity for, especially so when their limited jurisdiction ls considered. There has been much talk in regard to getting rid or a number of these magistrates, and giving those who remain more power. To? day a bill was introduced by Corbin which pro? vides for the abolishing of the olllces of magis? trate after the first of May next, and the creating of trial judges. The provisions of the bill are that the Governor shall, with the consent of the Senate, appoint and commission in the gevOpu counties or the state a suit? able number of trial justices, who shall be distributed as the conveniences of thc several counties require: but the number in commission shall not exceed five in Abbeville, four In Ander? son, six in Barnwell, seven in Beaufort, eighteen in Charleston, four in Chester, four in Clarendon, Jive in Colletou, four in Chesterfield, five In Dar? lington, seven in Edgetield, five in Fairfield, four in Georgetown, five in Greenville, four in Horry, four in Kershaw, four in Lancaster, five in Lau? rens, four in Lexington, four in Marion, four itP] Marlboro', four in Newberry, three In Oconee, five in Orangebuvg, three lu Pickens, five in Richland, five in Spartanburg, five in Sumter, three in Union, three In Williamsburg, arid four In York; that these justices shall hold their offices for two years, unless sooner removed by the Governor; that if a trial justice change his donielle, his au? thority and jurisdiction as such shall cease, and another justice be appointed to fill his place: that this act shall take effect after the first day of May next: that the trial justices herein provided for may be appointed and commissioned prior to that time to enter upon their duties on and after that day: on and after the first day of May the office of magistrates be abolished. THE CODE. Tlic bill to revise, simplify, and abridge thc rules, practice, pleadings, and forms of thc courts of this state received its third reading in the Sen? ate to-day. llayne and Leslie relieved the read? ing clerk, and between them the bill was disposed of in short order, each one of the readers skip? ping just as many lines as he deemed proper. During a discussion before the bill was read, Les? lie spoke about it, alluding to it as Hie bill pre? sented by the commission to codify the laws of the State, whereupon Hayne desired to know ii the commission had been appointed to codify thc laws of South Carolina or of New York; to which question he received no answer. Each word in this code of procedure cost the State about forty eight cents. ASSOCIATE .irSTICE. A resolution providing that the two houses do meet in joint assembly on Tuesday. February 1, for the purpose or electing an associate justice of the Supreme Court to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of lion. S. L. H?ge; and also, for an election for an associate justice for the term of six years, was adopted by the House and sent to the Senate, where, after considerable dis? cussion, it was rererred to the Committee on Elections. It ls believed by many that there will be no election this session. Wright's star ls in the ascendant. L. THE OLD DOMINION. RICHMOND, January 2T General Canby to-day issued an order that all military commissions acting under the recon? struction law ceased, and all citizen prisoners be turned over to the State courts; that all citizen prisoners, uudergoing sentence of military com? mission, shall serve out such sentence unless re? leased by an United States court,. nil that all civil officers appointed under the provisional government shall vneate when their successors are elected or appointed under thc ucw onstltu Hon. Governor Walker issued a proclamation con? vening the Legislature on Tuesday, February S. John L. Marve, Jr., of Fredericksburg, was to? day appointed Lieutenant Governer by Governor Walker, to fill the vacancy occasioned by thc electon of Lewis to the Senate. THE WJ.lt IX CUD J.. HAVANA, January 2T. Yaimaseda reports Bayamo, Chiqua ri and Manzanillo as tranquil, while Guayautenamo, Baracoa and Santiago are free from Insurgents. Yalmaseda is about leaving Santiago to assume command of the troops at Las Tunas. KTHE SOUTHjpAROLlXA ELECTIONS. The Ballimore ?inn gives the following re? port of the debate in the House of Representa? tives on Monday, on the South Carolina elec? tion case of Wallace, Radical, against Simpson, Democrat : The House then took up Hie contested elec? tion case of A. S. Wallace vs. W. D. Simpson, from the Fourth District of South Carolina! The resolution of the majority of the committee declares thal Mr. Wallace has the prima facie right to the seat. That ol'thc minority declares uelther entitled. Mr. Burdett, of Missouri, addressed the House in favor of thc majority resolution. Messrs. Randall, ol' "Pennsylvania, and Burr, of Illiulos, argued in favor of the minority re? port. The discussion was further continued by Messrs. Cessna, of Pennsylvania; Bowen and Whittemore. of South Carolina; Stevens, of J Ohio; Burdett, of Missouri, and others. Tte question was then laken. first upon the resolution reported by the minority of the committee declaring that neither Wallace nor Simpson had the prima facie right, and which waa offered as an amendment. The resolution was adopted-yeas 103, nays 73. Mr. belsey, of New York, then moved to lay the resolution ?is amended on the table. Re? jected. Thc question then recurred lipon adopting the amended resolution, pending which Mr. Whittemore moved adjourn. Rejected yeas us, nays loo. After some further filibustering, the resolu? tion as amended was tabled. AUGUSTA AXD KNOXVILLE ROAD. Speaking of this enterprise, the Washington (Wilkes County, Ga.) Gazette says: The proposed railroad, when completed, Is likely to become one of the most important lines of communient ion between tho Atlantic coast and the far West. The plan of the pro? jectors, as al present developed, is to carry the work through Rabun Gup into Tennessee, and then connect with the Blue Ridge Railroad, leading to Knoxville, and through that, with Cincinnati and the great West. This route will be shorter by one hundred mile? and more, than any one now open between the lar West and the Atlantic coast-with which latter it will connect by means of the Augusta and Port Royal Railroad. This harbor is the best ou the Southern coast-not even excepting Brunswick. Tile largest sea-going vessels can come into Port Royal und anchor"at the piers, without any other "pilots than those they carry at sea; and with tue completion of Hie pro? posed railroads, a line of steamers will run direct to all the principal European and Medi? terranean ports. Tins route will also shorten communication between the West and South America and the Gulf Islands, by several bandied miles-Sa? vannah, Port Royal ami Charleston being far more convenient ponds of intercourse with them than Baltimore and New York It only remains to be said that the Northern company who have taken bold of this work, is composed ol' tuen of extensive means and large experience in railroading and financiering, while the name ol' a distinguished Georgian, Hon. H. H. Casey, of Columbia, as president of the projected Augusta. Hartwell ami Rabun Gap Road, ls sufficient voucher lor the integ? rity and honest intentions of thc company. -Prince Murat, about to be tried lor slap? ping a magistrate's face, was recently asked at a dinner party why he appeared so seldom in the Bois. He replied, "My exchequer lim? its, lor the present, the number of my stud to two horses, and his Majesty toroids my ap? pearance iu public short of four." "Then" why doesn't his Majesty make np the deficiency?'' asked one of the guests. "Ah!"' sighed the Prince, "he luis often promised; but then he has a 'deficiency' of his own which needs mak? ing up a good deal more than mine." -The lord high chamberlain of the Klmr of the Sandwich islands is an Irishman. When the Duke of Edinburgh recently visited Hie king, thc Irishman "disgusted the English prince by appearing at Hie head of Hie stairs in full state robes, snouting: "Walk up-come right up-the king's at home."' -Hon. John Rose, late Canadian finance minister, and now of the banking house of Morton, Rose & Co., of London, lias been created by the Queen Knight Commander of the Order ot St. Michael ami Sf. Geonre. WASHINGTON. [FROM THE ASSOCIATED TRESS.] WASHINGTON*, January 27. Senators Carpenter. Edmunds and Ferry, who arc considering Georgia, will favor a new election throughout thc State, or thc reinstalla? tion or General Ruger as provisional governor. Both the new election and Hie relustallation seem probable, as much dissatisfaction and differ? ence of opinion exist in Congress about Georgia. BATER.-Revenue to-day six hundred and sev? enty-nine thousand dollars. Delano bas gone to ohio for ten days. Thc Tresident has nominated John Eaton, formerly editor of the Memphis Post, commission? er of education' vice Barnard. Corbin, the President's brother-in-law, was be? fore thc Gold Panic Committee to-day. Lewis^senator from Virginia, was seated. Tortor, after a struggle, was seated. Thc President replying to Mayor Bowen and others regarding Washington, denied his inten? tion of recommending appropriations for Hie Im? provement of Washington now. Such recom? mendation would bc disregarded. The Western members were especially tenacious on the sub? ject, but thc year closing, March 3, would show a greet reduction of the public debt and lesss taxa? tion, and Congress, by that time, might see the necessity of improving the capital. He had no doubt thc time would come when Cabinet minis? ters would bc furnished with houses free of rent by the government. To suppose that men rep? resenting the nation could, on the pittance of SS000 a year, give grand dinners and receptions was simply ridiculous.". CONGRESSIONAL. In the House, Secretary Porter announced thc approval of the Virginia bill, and Platt, Ridge? way and Milnes were seated. The House voted toseat Porter, but he, with Hare and Gibson, were not present, but will be seared on npppcarlpg at the bar of thc House. Booker, McKenzie and Segar are In the hands ol the Election Commit? tee, and are retained ror further consideration. In the Senate, a resolution nullifying the de? cisions of revenue officers regarding whiskey seizures, was indefinitely postponed. This ac? tions relieves a million dollars' worth of California whiskey. No action has been taken as yet regarding the Virginia senators. LATER.-In the nousc a bill establishing certain steamship lines was Introduced. The Secretary of Hie Treasury was asked why he allowed the collection of certain harbor fees In New York arter thc Supreme Court declared thew illegal. There l3 no probability of thc Senate passing thc bill abolishing thc franking privilege. Dawes' speech to-day was considered a com? plete vindication of himself. The bill allowing Virginians who have conscien? tious scruples to ailinn, was passed. Porter, after a long debate, was seated. The Speaker announced the special committee on postal telegraph-Washburne, of wisconsin; Lawrence, Dawes, Davis, Palmer? Woodward, Beck. The bill abolishing thc franking privilege was passed by 174 to 14. It repeals all laws and parts of laws giving to any otllcer or department or the government, or other persons, the right either to send or receive through the malls, free of postage, any letter, document or other mallabie matter. Dawes made a successful defei against But? ler's attack on him regarding extravagance. Among other statements Dawes said that he had visited the departments ami renions! rat ed against thc estimates. He also visited thc President, who said he knew little of any other than the es? timates of Hie War Department, which he was satisfied could not be cut down. Terry oniclally communicates to the War De? partment thc organization of thc Georgia House of Representatives, after a careful examination of the law. He says he is convinced that no author? ity exists for giving the seats ol in?ligible mem? bers to those receiving tho-ncxt highest vote. The members from the newly restored States get no back documents, they having heretofore been distributed. In the Senate joint resolutions forbidding as? sessments from subordinates for presents to supe? rior ortlcials was Passed, and goes to the Presi? dent. A motion to call up a bill creating Omaha a port of entry, brought forth expressions In favor ofthe abolition or many unimportant ports or entry now In existence. Senator Lewis, rrom Virginia, was qualified. The bill making Omaha a port of entry was finally passed. Tue consideration of the currency bill was re? sumed and discussed to adjournment. E UR O 1* JE. The French Army-Papal Infallibility. PARIS, January 27. On account of Hie troubles in Purls anti elsewhere, the French army will not bc reduced this year. The vote and discussions on commercial ques? tions has been compromised so ns to prevent thc threatened change In the ministry. Thc Papal authorities have forbidden thc pub? lication or thc Bishop or orleans' letter to thc Archbishop or Malinos, lt is supposed that thc Bishop or Orleans commits hlmseir against the Pope's Infallibility. Tlic Elections-Abolit ion of Consulates. MADRID, January 27. The snows delay election returns, but thc known results show five Unionists, ten Democrats, six Progressionists, and one Ca rust. The defeat of Montpensier ls confirmed. Thc Spanish Consulates at Mobile, Charleston and Calveston arc abolished, and the Spanish Consul at Mobile transferred to the Vice-Consulate at New York. Death of the Duke dc Broglie. PARIS, January 27. The Duke de Broglie, a leading Orleanlst, ls dead. Age eighty-five years. The Foreign Holders of Eric. LONDON, January 27. An agent leaves soon for New York to protect the rorcign stockholders in thc Erie Road, by voting the stock held abroad. Thc Spanish Elections. MADRID January 27. Authorities classify the deputies elected to fill vacancies as, Progressionists eighteen, Republi? cans four, Unionists three, Absolutists one. T1IJB GEORttlA LEGISLATURE. ATLANTA, January 27. The Senate organized to-day. Two mem? bers, from Hie Eighth and Tenth Districts, (were deciared ineligible ?) The House received a letter from the Governor, endorsed by General Terry, stating that certain persons were here claiming the scats of thc mem? bers declared ineligible, they having received thc next highest vote. The Governor advised that they bc allowed to take their seats, aud said that General Terry approved his course. The House refused to seat them. Ayes, G3; nays, ??. SPARKS FROM TUE WIRES. The "Green Line-' excursion party reached Macon at daylight yesterday. In the oftcrnoon they had a grand banquet, and at night went on to Savannah. Colonel Digby, of thc English army, married Miss Lillie, daughter of W. S. Groesbeck, of Clo- i cinnati, yesterday-Bishop Rosecrans, Catholic, and Bishop Mcllvalne, Episcopal, oillclatlng. The Louisiana Legislature have adopted a reso- 1 lotion petitioning Congress not to reduce the 1 duty on sugar and molasses. Sixty-four Democrats and lukewarm Republi? cans are to bc turned out of the New Orleans Cus- 1 tonihouse. and their places filled by active Radi- ? cal politicians. ? THE HONE BILL. REPORT OF THE SENATE C03? AtlTTEE. * / / -_ A PRACTICAL AND POETICAL EFFCSION. [FROM OVK OWN CORRESPONDENT.] T COLUMBIA, January sc. Tliis snbject ol phosphates and phosphatic deposits bids fair to be again what it was only a few weeks since-thc chief topic or discussion. It will be r?faembcred that the bills "to grant to certain persons the exclusive right to dig and mine in the beds of navigable streams and waters of the State for phosphate rocks and phosphatic deposits," and "to regulate the digging of phos? phate deposits from the navigable streams and waters of thc State of S?nth Carolina," were re? ferred to the Senate Committee on Incorpora? tions. To day the committee made a lengthy re? port. Tn.VT "CED OF FINANCIAL ROSES," as the bill to grant the exclusive right is desig? nated tu a petition now before thc Senate, was first grartcd by thc committee, and an attempt made to take the sting out of the snake, alleged iu thc same petition to be coiled up in the "bcd of roses" aforesaid. t The committee (of which Frank Arnim ls chair? man) recommended that this exclusive right bill do not pass, because it is In thc nature of a monopoly, granting to a few Individuals the ab? solute aiid exclusive right, for all time, to take from the watera of the State, belonging to thc whole people, an article or primary and general Importance to the farmer and planter, and devote it tu their own personal benefit. It gives these individuals the power to regulate thc supply and price of thc article, to make it dear or cheap, plenty or scarce, and, consequently, thc price of agricultural products, and of the food of the peo? ple. Having the power to control the price or the article, they can tlx the amount or tax they will levy on every larmer, planter or Individual who uses lt. The collection and removal of the mate? rial will employ many thousand laborers lu the different portions or the State, where territory has been granted to this corporatlon, who will be solely under Its control as to determining their wages, and deciding who shall be employed and who shall be discharged. Under the domination of this gig'antic monopoly, an influence may be exerted which would render the condition of the laboring man little better than that or a serf, ami less desirable for himself and family than the thraldom rrom which he has been so recently emancipated. TILING CT AND PULLING DOWN. Aside from the questionable right or the Legis? lature to confer snob dangerous powers upon a corporation, there can bc no doubt of the Impolicy of thc measure in the minds of all who are op? posed to a retrograde inoveraeLt In the path of progress and civilization so recently entered upon by the people of this State. The policy Indicated was the elevation or thc individual man from the condition of servitude and debasement in which he was formerly held, into a free, Intelligent and responsible citizen, eutitlcd to all thc fruits and advantages of his own labor; that he should be encouraged and assisted to become the owner of property, with thc comforts and blessings of home, of family and friends, of education ?iud re? union; and even at this present time there ls a bill before the Senate appropriating half a mil? lion or dollars Tor tue purchase or lands, in pur? suance nf this laudable policy, which will place thousands of our laboring men In thc position of owners, enabling them to realize that great conservative sense of property, that there ls something to live for, something to struggle for; and prompting the man up? ward ami onward lu the path of prosperi? ty and Independence. And, with such a policv. approved and entered upon, wc are asked by ibis bili to bestow on a company of Individuals phos? phates worth many millions of dollars.bclouglng to ihcStatc, thc collecting and removal ofwhich will employ thousands or laborers, congregated" togettier in large numbers, working under thc direction of overseers, separated from thc health? ful influences or home, subjected to all the baneful and degrading abuses which have heretofore characterized, ami which are always consequent upon, such a system of labor, A strange Incon? sistency would be thus presented In our legtHla tlon, of appropriating money from the treasury to build up one system of labor, while, at thc same time, we arc giving immense wealth, al? ready in the treasury, to a corporation, thc result of which will be to encourage and promote au antagonistic scheme or congregated labor, assimi? lating, In its material and moral disadvantages, to tlie repudiated curse of slavery, with but rcw advantages over lt, except lu name. EXTINGUISHMENT OF THE STATE DEBT. Thc justice and expediency of the measure may also be questioned, in Its aspect of taking rrom die available resources ol the State such an Im? mensely valuable property, when she ls strug? gling with pecuniary embarrassments, and thc people are groaning and discontented under thc weight or taxation necessary to support thc gov? ernment and maintain its credit. Under proper and judicious management, it ls believed that the revenue rrom this very property may defray a considerable portion of the current expenses of thc State; or, ir devoted to a sinking fund, would in a rewyears extinguish entirely the State debt. This poini is especially worthy or notice, in decid? ing upon a measure which proposes to tl icu thc patrimony of a whole people, destitute and Im? poverished, from the custody or the State, its con? stitutional guardian, and consign lt to thc hands of a few wealthy Individuals, who are apparently lu nowise distinguished from their fellow-citizens for public services or public sacrifices. As the sole equivalent for these obnoxious features of the lull, lt proposes to give the State a royally of twenty cents for every ton or phosphates collect? ed by the corporators, a sum utterly Insignificant, In proportion to its value, and which would scarcely defray thc expenses of Its collection. A TRECNANT FACT that is well worthy of consideration ls that, in tliis magnificent donation of public property, In which all classes of our citizens have an equal right, there ls not a single individual of thc col? ored race among thc corporators, and yet the la? borers io mine ami dig the phosphates will almost exclusively be taken from them. This fact de? rives especial significance from the remark recent? ly of a Democratic newspaper in Charleston, when ctlcu'a lug upon the political chances lu thutcnin: tv in the coming political struggle, tim the labor? ers In thc phosphate beds would probably vote with those who employed them. This invidious discrimination against our fellow-citlzens who comport a large majority in this State, and the political purpose to which il may be prostituted, are not calculated to recommend thc measure to thc favorable consideration of thc Legislature. A GORGEOUS PROSPECT. With a view to prepare a plan for mining and digging thc phosphates, which should avoid the odious objection of monopoly, ami do Justice to thc various interestsiuvoived.the committee have sought for such information as would guide them in making a proper estimate of the extent ami value of our phosphate deposits; of thc cost of mining them, and of their marketable value; and, notwithstanding our efforts were hut partially succcssfn), we have ascertained enough to iuducc us to estimate them as of immense value, and as calculated, if judiciously managed, to become a most Important source or revenue to the State, and of wealth to the nation. A few short mouths only have intervened since their discovery, and the Carolina phosphate beds are already recog? nized as the prit jipal and most available source of supply In the world for fertilizers, lt only re? quires judicious legislation, and in a brier period will witness the vessels or every clime thronging thc harbor of Charleston In quest or this valuable substance. Already has lt Induced the novel spectacle on Ashley Elver, at a single vvharr. some ten miles olio ve the City of Charleston, or seven ocean steamers (???) In quest of phosphates, affrighting, with the shrill shriek or their engines, thc deer, the turkey, and other timid denizens or those sylvan glades which were but recently their only Inhabitants. Norarc facilities wanted tor the accommodation or this suddenly augmented commerce. Commodious warehouses and capacious wharves have ap? peared as If by magic; and frequently during the summer months, when nnacclimatcd captains and crews have a wholesome dread of malarial disease, a vessel has come up from the city to the company's wharf at 7 o'clock in the morning, has had placed oil board four hundred tons or phos? phates, ami returned to her berth at Charleston by 7 o'clock the same evcnlug. ready Tur her out? ward voyage. WHAT HAS BEEN DONE. One of these phosphate companies has already invested upwards of six hundred thous<*:id dol? lars, (principally furnished by Philadelphia capi? talists,) in lands, buildings and machinery. They employ from three to live hundred workmen, whose wanes reach, on an average, about nine thousand dollars per month. They have exported numerous cargoes of phosphates to domestic ports, ?md someto Europe; and they have sold in the City of New York alone one hundred and tlfty thousand dollars' worth of phosphatc.the whole of w hich was taken from ten acres or their land. As marking the influence exercised by the discovery of the Carolina phosphates, lt maybe mentioned that pievious to that event, thc princi? pal source of supply for that material was the N'evassa Company, which collected it rrom some ot the Carri bean Islands. The company was a strong one, having nor less than three millions or dollars capital, with their headquarters at. Phila? delphia. Their stated price for the material ivas twenty-five dollars per ton. In a few months artur the organization or thc Charleston Phos? phate Company it contracted to deliver in Phila? delphia the Carolina phosphate at eleven dollars per ton, which lt did accordingly, and the couse quence was, as we are Informed, that the sh of the Xevassa Company, which at par were i dollars, have since been offered for three dol per share. While, however, there has been enormous loss or capital to the company, tl has been an Immense gain to t?lc agricult community in being ?>blc to procure an artlcl eleven dollars per ton equally good with one which they had beep paying twenty-flve dol per ton, or more that double as much. Equ favorable and Interesting accounts, no doi might bc rurnlshed from thc Wando Manu turing Company, South Carolina Phosphate Ci pany and others, but we have not b favored with oppoitunities of obtaining then TUE COMMITTEE "OK PHOSPHATES." There has been referred to your commltti "bill to regulate thc digging and mining of pl phare deposits from the navigable streams e waters or the State of South Carolina," which them, appears to combine more or the ess tial requisites for a general law on the sub than any other which has been brought to ti attention; and they, therefore, with some a< Hons, and modifications, recommend it to favorable consideration or thc Senate. It will perceived that it asks ror no monopoly, or ox? sive privileges, t< r corporations or Individu but places all upon an equal footing; that lt set ts the prerogative of thc State, and thc ris of labor, and affords encouragement to Mic ma facturer and capitalist. It asserts the righ all citizens, upon complying with the terms ti conditions Imposed by the State, to mine/ remove the phosphates, upon which lt Impose royalty of two dollars per ton Tor the benefll the whole people of thc State. While right of thc Slate to impose the royalty cannot controverted, there may be a diversity of opin as to Its amount. The committee were contr cd, in lixing lt at thc amount specified, from fact that parties and associations, now engajj In mining and removing phosphates, pay to owners or the land in which they are situated ( dollar per ton for Hie privilege or taking th away. They arc generally covered with ear frequently to the depth or two or three reef, t removal or which, and of the shrubbery, tic Ac, by which they are encumbered, and the si sequent washing and transportation to thc lat lng of thc phosphates, from most of which tin .< ngaged in removing the river phosphates wot bc exempt, In the opinion or the committee, a at least another dollar to the charges, niaki them fully equivalent to the royalty Imposed tho State. Thc ease and facility of procuring I phosphates from the river beds, especially duri the earlier operations, should also be taken li consideration, and if experience demonstra! thc amount to be excessive, it can be read modified at the next session. RETURNS TO TUE STATE. Thc bill also provides for the Incorporation companies for the purchase and sale of thc pin phates from those engaged in mining and c lectlng them, and who, upon giving proper se? rlty, may be licensed and designated as State < positorlcs, and. authorized to give receipts to t miners and collectors or phosphates for the si or two dollars per ton royalty. These recelf must bc forwarded monthly to the Auditor State, who shall proceed at once to collect thc from thc depositories. This arrangement w simplify the process or collecting, and render u necessary a multitude or Inspectors, conecto Ac, and by its checks alford a wholesome sa guard against abuses. Provision is al made for the appointment of a board commissioners, consisting or his Excelle cy thc Governor, the Secretary or Stat and the Attorney-General, to frame coflc of rules Tor thc details or these regulation which shall bc printed and appended to the cense Issued by thc Secretary or State. The b also provides that upon every ton oragrlcultui fertilizers of a certain specific grade, man ufa tured In South Carolina, there shall be allowed drawback of one dollar for every ton or phd phate rock, or phosphatlc material employed its composition, upon satisfactory proof that tl royalty has been paid upon sahl phosphate This will alford a judicious and needful encou ngement and stimulus for manufacturing this vi nable material ut home, which will attract lari amounts of capital iront a distance fol that pu pose, Instead of sending it abroad in Its ra state to give employment io labor and capital other sections, timi to enrich other localities i: Stead of our own. SOUTH CAROLINA'S FOLLY. South Carolina has too long afforded an exar pie of the folly of furnishing the world with b valuable raw materials, to be repurchased aga at a greatly enhanced cost In their manufacture condition, and thc present favorable opportuni or correcting and reforming this policy should 1 eagerly embraced. With thc great advantage i having thc principal ingr?dient at our own door our manufactures will be enabled to hold ont 1 .lacements to thc agriculturists of every clim ami their ships will resort to our seaports far sn lilies, bringing with them more or less or the pr ducts of their own countries, greatly stimulant! free trade, building up our foreign coinmcrc und giving additional employment to capital au labor. Your committee have before them a bl to incorporate thc South Curollua Chemical an Mining Company, and to license and ant hom the same to dig timi minc in certain navigabl rivers lu this Statt, under certalu restrictions an conditions. WHAT MR. nt ATT HAS DONE. At thc head of this company ls Mr. Nathanil Pratt, to whose arduous zeal and scientific knov ledge the State and the world arc so materlall Indebted far thc Jiscovery of the agrlculturt value or our phosphates. Their object ls to estai lish works for chemical purposes aud product! as well as appropriate and appertaining to all th uses of thc farm, plantation, manufactory, an Indeed lo most of thc useful arts. They propos to make acids, paints and oils, dyes, mordant? chemicals, salts and fertilizing agents-work which will cost much mono and labor to estai: lish, and great skill to manage aud keep In opera tion, but when erected will bring to the doors no only of thc agriculturists, but thc mechanic am artisan, those things that ?re Indispensable fo their operations, but which they are obliged nov to procure elsewhere. The committee have al retuly indicated their views In reference to tin value of such establishments asare herein indlcat cd, and of thc policy or encouraging them by eve ry legitimate means. Mr. Pratt and his coadju tors ?sk far no exclusive privileges or monopolies but ure willing that all shall obtain thc same prl vileges. on thc like conditions. With some amend meurs that they have Incorporated with the bill they cordially recommend Its passage. A SLAP AT THE "CODIKIEKS." In conclusion, your committee would express their regret that this important question had nen been entrusted to abler hands. They are feeling!) convinced of thc difficulties surrounding au at tempt to frame a satisfactory law for the regula? tion of a subject nt unce novei and complicated, upon which there are no lights of experience, ot codes of procedure to imitate or to copy. They arc conscious of their deficiency in the legal acu? men and learned lore which adorn and Illuminate some of the brighter lights or our legislative hulls, but which too frequently prove light without heat, "that leads to bewilder and dazzles to blind." Dut your committee liave directed their eil'orts to an honest, and sincere determination to discharge their duty us servants of the people; to guard their rights and protect their interests, rather than to c'onfar illimitable wealth and Inter? minable privileges upon a favored few. at the ex? pense or the tolling many, and thus building up an odious monopoly that will be able, by its power and influence over thc many thousands whom lt will control, to contest the power o? the State with its government, and even to effect a political revolution, thus perverting what was Intended by a gracious Providence as a munificent blessing into an Irredeemable curse. The best that your committee can hope far ls that they may have made some suggestions, which, in more skllfal hanils, may approximate to a proper system, of which experience will detect thc errors and sug? gest the remedies. THE (I EN El.AI. LICENSE BILL. The same committee offered several amend? ments to Hoyt's bill, which provided fora system of general licenses, and recommended that it be passed. Thc amendments arc : That associations of persons with sufficient cap? ital may be incorporated for the purpose or dig giug. mining and removing phosphates and phos? phate materials from the rivers and navigable streams or thc State, for the purchase and sale thereof, and for manufacturing thc sume; and such association, upon giving proper security, may be appointed and designateil us regularly licensed depositories, who shall be authorized to give receipts to the seller, or sellers thereof, who shall have licenses to dig or collect the same for thc royalty to the State or two dollars per ton thereo'n, which receipt thc seller or sellers shall transmit with their monthly return to the Auditor or State far collection; and all persons engaged in mining, digging or removing said phosphates or phosphatlc materials lu and from thc rivers ami navigable waters of thc State arc strictly prohibited from selling, trading or disposing of said phosphates or phosphatlc materials to any person or persons who are not authorized and licensed to purchase and give receipts far thc roy? alty to the State, under penalty or immediate for? feiture of their license ami such other punishment as may bc authorized by this act. Ssa's. Upon all phosphates and phosphatlc ma? terial upon which satisfactory evidence is fur? nished that the royalty of two dollars per ton has been paid to thc Stute government or its agents, when manufactured into commercial fertilizers of the usual standard for exportation, a drawback of one dollar or the phosphate or phosphatlc ma? terial shall bc allowed or paid to such manufac? turer or manufacturers, and shall be duly ac? counted for In their accounts with the State Au? ditor. Strike out In the printed bill thc words "Section V and insert "Section 6," ami add to the end of the section: "That his Excellency the Governor, thc Secretary or State and the Attorney-General be authorized and directed to draw up a code or regulations far thc government or those engaged in thc diging, mining anti removal of phosphate rocks, not inconsistent with this act, which shall be binding and obligatory as a portion or this act (including the amount of peualtv,) and- shall bc printed and appended to thc licenses Issued to each Individual or individuals licensed by the Secretary of State." All matters reported by the eommlttee were ordered to be printed and to be considered to? morrow. It ls thought that the "exclusive right" bill will bc passed in a form which will not ap? pear so obnoxious as an exclusive right, but will give the incorporators powers virtually equal to what they would have secured had the bill passed a3 presented. L. TUVTU AT J,AST. THE BUCHANAN CABINET. Historical Revelations of Judge Black -Stanton's Political Position In 1860. Thc Hon. Jere. S. Black publishes a lengthy and interesting card to the public, detailing his reminiscences of the officia! conduct of the late Secretary Stanton during the latter's asso? ciation with him In the Buchanan Cabinet. Hispbjcct in bringing to mind these political by-goncs is to contradict slatements which have been made by eulogists and others, "that Mr. Stanton entered thatadministratlon with views opposed to those of the President and the men who were to be his colleagues, all of .whom, except Messrs. Holt and Dix, were in favor of the Southern Confederacy, and ready to sacri? fice the Union; that, supported by these two, he bullied thc rest; that he terrified the Presi? dent by threats of resignation into measures which otherwise would not have been thought ol ; that he urged Immediate war upon the seceding States, to crush out the rebellion; that though defeated In this by the treason of his associates, he carried with a high hand other points of sound policy; that by these hardy displays of hostility to the administra? tion which trusted him, he promoted thc in? terests and won the gratitude of his enemies." THE BEAL ATTITUDE OF MR. STANTON. Thc political attitude of Mr. Stanton towards the Buchanan administration previous to his appointment as Attorney-General, Judge B. proceeds to say, is wholly misunderstood or else wilfully misrepresented. He was fully with us at every stage ot the Kansas question, and no maa felt a more loathing contempt than he did for thc knavery ot the Abolition? ists lu refusing to vote upon thc Lccompton constitution, when nothing but a vote was needed to expel slavery from the new State, and thus terminate thc dispute by deciding it in thc way which they themselves pretended to wish. He wholly denied Mr. Douglas' no? tions, and blamed him severely for the unrea? sonable and mischievous schism which he had created in the party. Thc Know-noth ism of Bell and Everett found no favor in lils eyes. In thc canvass ol' 18(10 he re? garded the salvation of the country as hanging upon the forlorn hope of Brecklnrldgc's elec? tion.- We knew the Abolitionists to be the avowed enemies of the constitution and the Union, and we thought thc Republicans would necessarily be corrupted by their alliance with them. As we saw thc march of these combin? ed forces upon thc capital, we leltthat the constitutional liberties of the country were in as much peril as Rome was when thc Gauls were pouring over the broken defence of the city. Whether we were right or wrong, ls not thc question now. It ls enough to say that Mr. Stanton shared these apprehensions fully. He more than shared them; to some extent he In? spired them, for he knew Mr. Lincoln person? ally, and thc account he gave of him was any? thing but favorable. HIS OPPOSITION TO WAR. During the angry excitement following the election of Mr. Lincoln, and the warlike atti tilde assumed by South Carolina, the question ?iroso in the Cabinet as to how the difficulty "should be settled. The President was bound to do both parties thu best service he could in spite of their teeth, and that service consisted in preserving thc peace of thc nalion. It was his special and most Imperative duty not to em? broil the incoming administration by a civil war which his successor might be unwilling to approve or lo prosecute. It was undoubtedly right to leave the President elect and his ad? visors In a situation where they could take their choice between compromising and lighting. In fact, Mr. Lincoln was in favorofthe iormer, If his inaugural be any sign of his sentiments. The mind ol no man was more deeply im? bued with these opinions than Mr. Stanton's. The idea never entered lils head-certainly never passed his Hps-that the President ought to make war upou States or put the whole people ont of the protection of the laws, and expose them all to Indiscriminate slaugh? ter as public enemies, because some individ? uals among them had doue or threatened to do what was Inconsistent with their obliga? tions to Hie United States. LBOAL POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT-MK. STAN? TON'S APPOINTMENT. On the 20th of November I answered thc President's questions concerning his legal powers and duties, holding that the ordinances ol'secession were nullities; that the seceding States were, and would bc as much in the Union as ever; that the Federal Executive was bound there as well as elsewhere to execute the laws, to hold thc public property and to collect tlie revenue; that If the means and machinery furnished by law for these purpo? ses were inadequate he could not adopt others and usurp powers which had not been dele? gated; that neither the executive nor legisla? tive departments had authority under the con? stitution to make war upon a State; that the military power might be. used, if necessary, in aiding the judicial authorities to execute thc laws in collecting the revenues, in defending or retaking public property, but not in acts ol' indiscriminate hostility against all the people of a State. This is thu "opinion" which lias since been so ellen, so much and so well abused, denounced and villtilcd. Mr. Stanton did not stultify himself by denying the plain, obvious and simple truths which it expressed. Thc paper was shown him before it went to the President, and after a slight alteration sugges? ted by himself he not oiily approved, but ap? plauded it enthusiastically. It disappointed the President. He had hasti? ly taken it for granted that Congress might make secession a cause for war; and In the draft of his message, already prepared, he had submitted the question of war or peace to their decision. Bul thc advice of thc law de? partment, supported by a powerful argument from General Cass, convinced him of his error, and that part of the message was rewritten. The substance of the message, so modified, re? ceived "r. Stanton's hearty endorsement in everything that regarded secession and the treatment it ought to receive. Soon after this General Cass retired. I was requested to take the State Department, and Mr. Stanton was appointed Attorney-Oeneral upon my declaring that I was unwilling to leave the care of certain causes pending In thc Supreme Court lo any hands but his. This ap? pointment alone, without any other proof, ought, to satisfy any reasoning mind thal all I have said of Mr. Stanton's sentiments must be true. Wc look him for what he professed to be-a true friend of thc Union; a devout be? liever in the Constitution; a faithful man, who would not violate his oath of office by wilful disobedience to the laws. I am still convinced that he did not deceive us. If he abandoned those principles in 1SG2, the change, however sudden and unaccountable, is not satisfactory evidence that he was au iwposter and a hypo? crite in 18C0. The card concludes with a refutation of tho reports that Mr. Stanton engaged in dragoon? ing the President and hectoring his colleagues, thc writer being unable to recollect that he ever had one word of serious controversy with the President or anybody else. During the discussions which concluded in the determi? nation io reinforce Fort Sumter, Mr. Stanton "was always true, but the part he look was by no means a leading one. He said many times that lie was there only that I (Judge Black) might have two votes instead of one. Ou no occasion was there the slightest con? flict between him and me. * * It would be a wrong to the memory of Mr. Stamou not. to add that, so far as known, he never gave coun? tenance or encouragement to those fabulous stories of lils behavior." -Herr Friedrich Hocker, the German exile, who took a leading part in the revolution of 1848. has advertised his farm in Illinois for sale, and. having received an amneslv, will re? turn to his Fatherland. THE LAND OF DIAMONDS. Precious Stones Innumerable In South. Africa-Whole Farms Glittering with Gems-Dazzling Brilliants of aU Sixes and Values-How to Reach the Mines. An occasional correspondent of the. New t York World, writing from Tort Elizabeth, South Africa, on December 4, gives the fol? lowing account of the diamond mines : THE DIAMOND MINES arc situated In the Orange Free State, a Dutch republic, back of this colony, nearly due north in the Interior. A great deal of the country hi taken up by farmers, and each larmer owns about 6000 acres of land; but there ls an 1m- . mense amount of unexplored land in the Or range and Vaal River districts, and it is from these districts that the natives have heretofore brought all the diamonds that have been sold in this market. Thc roads are good for 300 miles to Hope Town*, (near where the diamond region commences,) and from there you have to make your roads as best you can; out as tbe country is mostly plain or gently rolling land, it Is easy to get over. THE LARGEST DIAMOND that has been found ls the Star of South Africa. It was purchased from a native doctor or ma fician by a Dutchman for 500 sheep. He rougli t it to Port Elizabeth and sold it for ?12,500. It was put on exhibition and realized several hundred pounds, which was handed over to a charitable institution. The owner was offered ?20,000 for lt at Cape Town, but - the owner refused, and the last that I heard of it was that the owner was in Paris negotiating a sale with some prince at ?30,000. I have seen several diamonds from up the country valued at from ?10 to ?80, but THE NEXT LARGEST sold in this place was on the Market square at public auction. It brought ?320. Since then regular shipments have been made to England by every steamer, and among the regular con? signments from here you will see ua box of diamonds." The last that goes by this steamer consists of over three hundred diamonds, va? rying in size from one-half to three and a hali carats. A one and a quarter carat diamond in the rough, If pretty regular and first water, is' ' worth ?8, and a two and a half ?32. This al? lows one-half carat waste lor cutting. A FARM SPARKLING WITH DIAMOND?. Tlie greatest excitement has fc. < n regarding the discovery of 230 diamonds on one farra. On the day before ?n?s discovery the farm was virtually sold for ?2000 tn bluebacks, worth about two shillings to the pound sterling, but on the day of the discovery the owner,refused to close a bargain with the first buyer, and sold lt to another party for ?2000 in coln. Tire consequence is that a litigation will commence immediately about this farm. PLENTY OP GEMS. A correspondent of the Graaf Rel net Adver? tiser writes from Hope Town, und^rdateof November 14, that Messrs. Hond, 7.>l??&De Kock returned last Sunday from a trip to the diamond mines. Mr. Hond brought with him sixty diamonds, and Mr. De Kock about seven teen. These diamonds are all very small, the largest not exceeding three carats weight. They average less than half a carat, but are very pretty gems, mostly all first water. Mr. Gores also returned a few days ago rrom the diamond fields, bringlni forty diamonds, also very small, but ot tlie first water. One he found himself while shaking hands with a trader at his wagon. It ls the prettiest gem in the parcel, and weighs two carats. He found another and a smaller one. Besides those enumerated, Mr. Gores has brought twenty four diamonds into Hope Town. Tue Queens? town Free Press reports that Mr. Sonnenburg has Just returned from bis trip np the country with fifty-one diamonds and several varieties of oUier precious stones. They are certainly THE PRETTIEST COLLECTION of diamonds ever seen in Queenstown. Tbe largest is about six carats, and the smallest about thc size of a pin's head. Of the twenty three largest, none weigh less than one carat. The whole of this collection was purchased by Mr. S. beyond the River Vaal. He was offered ?850 for'the lot, but considers them worth ?1000. Tbe Graaf Reine: paper says that diamond news ls still the news. Yesterday's post con? firms the discovery of a diamond spot near Jacobadal, and the number collected is said to be three hundred. A correspondent gays that a private company has been formed at Hope Town, who have purchased for a good round sum the farm on which these diamonds were found. It is probable, therefore soon, that some systematic operations will be commenc? ed. A constant supply of small diamonds would be far preferable to an occasional find? ing even of diamonds like the "Star of South Africa." Regularity of supply Is of the great? est importance. MEN AND WOMEN. -Rocheiort Is a Montmartre man, but no other kind ?*f a martyr. -The new Earl of Derby's first public speech was on thc subjeet of lunacy. -Mrs. Stowe might be thought to be on pa? rade by the reviewing she gets. -Governor Fred. Douglass of the territory of San Domingo is the suggestion. -The King of Prussia smokes, every day, from ?cn to fifteen very strong cigars. -Bismarck has recently lost a great deal, of money by unluckly corn speculations. . -Brick Pomeroy ls the third wealthiest man, and the largest taxpayer In Lacrosse. -Francois Guizot, thc veteran French states? man and author, takes but one meal daily. -The Emperor of Austria himself instructs bis children in penmanship and arithmetic. -A member of the diplomatic corps franked his trunk from Washington to San Francisco. -Bismarck's son ls likely to die Irom the effects of the wound received in the late dueL -Mr. George P . Healey ls painting In Borne a portrait of Pius IX for Bishop B^ey, of New Jersey. -A Nevada editor acknowledges the re? ceipt ol a bottle of whiskey and a Bible on Christmas. -The New Orleans Times alludes to General John B. Magruder as "the evergreen of our old army." -George H. Pendleton ls to deliver an ora? tion to the students of General Lee's college, July 4th next. -Mr. Charles O'Conor's new Fifth avenue mansion is to be second in magnificence only to A. T. Stewart's. -New appointment-Mr. Henry L. Dawes, of Massachusetts, surgeon-general of the Ate ministration party. -Parepa's mother was the only music teach e* she ever had, and the warmest affection ex? isted between them. -Hayna?'s monument has been removed by the family, since it has been found impos?t ble to prevent its mutilation. -It is stated, "with an air of authority," that a German publisher has several unpublished works of Heinrich Heine in press. -John H. Stephens, one of the wealthiest real estate owners in Newark, N. J., died on Sunday. His property ls valued at $1,500,000. -Mollie Trussell, who killed her lover, George Trussell, at one time owner of the horse Dexter, ls reported insane In San Fran? cisco. -Thc Emperor Napoleon said the other day to one of his personal friends, "I never find any persons but such as advise me to do things which I have already resolved to do." -Prince Pierre Napoleon is very unpopular among the peasants of his estates, Inasmuch as he frequently, during his hunting expedi? tions, rides through their waving corn fields. _Porelre lost his seat in the French Cham? ber of Deputies because his election agent had circulated a forged letter in the Emperor's name, urging the swindling banker for the place.