The Charleston daily news. (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, April 17, 1869, Image 4

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THE BAILY NEWS. Los-, and Gain. bkebas ?tuioed a ta'.aco. wi.o?e lam'ieut walls . Show lair in tbe astral'* creamy glow. Wbete ligbtsonv feet through the stately balls Beat time to tbe music's ?-Ob au.I flow. She Las lost-oh, oulv a homestead old. Where the ?wallows flit a>:d thosiiow-birds stay. Whtrc the uioi.ulight ,?reseos the purple wold. Aod the sea takes cv, r its owu wild way. She was wi-e-she acteth wi ll her part bbe has lost-oulv a heart. She bas caiued-oi summor trie ds, not a few, Fashion and rank, und riches and power; For manv who hold ber gracious and true. Scarce loved the maiden without a dower. She has lost-tho i ight to remember the song One sung that night 'mid thc roses and rain; The right to know, in tho loveless throng. Hew one watcheth her;till with passionate pain. Be it so-she hal h chosen well her part She has lost-only a hearth She has gained those gems of a costly heh:. That flash in her neck and her Gleaming liai-'; Are TOU thinking, dear, ot' the midsumiuer night, When he wound her curls with the jessamine there? 8he has lost-a circlet of slender gold, A trodden vow and some faded flowers Those worthless letters, all yellow and old, That she cared for a little in girlish boure. S'importe!-she acted weUher part She has lost-only a heart. Sha has gained a pr?senos of steadier grace, Her step is as free and ber voice is as sweet; And if never a flush lights tho fair, cold face. Why, Life ia a riddle ; and she is discreet. She has lost the ?t?ul, revealing glow Ibat traced each thought to its innermost fount; Yet 'tis well, perhaps, since a woman, you know, Must five this tender world an account. And you think she bas lost the hoher ; crt ? Say, nay, dear-only a heart Ol'Ii GREAT STAPLE. Cotton in ene Future-Its Production ami Consumption The following letter, which we copy from the Memphis Avalanche, contains views in regard to the position and prospects of the South aa affected by the cotton crop, which will be found full of hopo and encouragement for our people, and eminently worthy the attention of every thoughtful reader: MEMPHIS, Mai ch 29,18G9. The chief wants of man arc food and cloth? ing, and that country is most favored which can produce these in tbe greatest abundance anti at the least cost. Judging by this rule, the Southern or Cottcn States of the Union possess advantages equalled in no other part of the world. Besides t ei?g able to produce food enough for a dense population, they pro? duce that staple which clothes more people than aDv other fabric. So universal bas be? come its usc that it is the leading article of the world's commerce, and it builds and freights more ships, sinks more mines, and -erects mora factories than any other product of tbe earth. Nothing rs so intimately inter? woven with the prosperity and progress of our whole Union as cotton. The increase in its production has been wonderful, crowing from about lOO.COO bales in 1800, to 5,387,000 in 1860. . But there was a cemand for tbis rapidly growing production ; for, in 1857, two-thirds of tbe vast commerce of Great Britain were based troon the growth of American cotton ; and, in 1860, the Southern States furnished her with eighty per cent, of all the cotton she manufac? tured. An idea may be formed of the value abe places on our cotton, when it is known that, dunner the war, the prices in Liverpool ran up to $1 33 per pound. But it we look at the demand for it in tho United States alone, we shall conclude that "Cotton is still King." In 1800, the factories ' of this country consumed 22.000 bales of 400 pounds each ; in 1860,1,094.000 bales. The cap: tal invested in manufactures in? creased thiity per cent, from 1850 to 1860, and is now estimated at $130,000,000. During tbat period, the consumption of the raw material in? creased fitty-five percent. These facts all piovc the constantly growing1 demand for Southern cotton, and hence its production has been highly stimulated during thc past thirty yeans. Its consumption seems to have no limits, for improved machinery and expanding commerce all tend to introduce it into still more general usc. But its production bas a limit, and that is measured by the number of hands engaged in its culture. Belore the wir, nineteon twontieths of these "hands" were tho negro slaves of the South, and the crop of 1860 was .the largest ever raised. Until the war the growth of our slave population was nearly as rapid as that of the whites; the latter being about three and one-third per cent, and that of the former about three per cent, per annum; and under the old system of. trained labor the increased production could be safely estimated. In a few years more the South would have grown ten million bales, while the North would ave monopolized the cotton commerce of tho world. All this has been changed. It was proclaim? ed that the labor of the tree negro would bring - the pnce of cotton down to three cents per pound. It has goue up to twenty-five and thirty cents;" and font millions ot contented laborers have been converted into a communi? ty of idlers, vagrants, politicians and paupers. Cumnor, Greeley and Phillips, in attempting to play the role of Washington, Jeffersen, Web? ster and Clay, have mistaken fanaticism for statesmanship. Tho day will never come r^aih when five mil? lion bales of cotton will be raised by the ne? groes ot the Southern States, though the de? mand is not likely to abate. The vast sums in? vested in manufactures will demand that the looms and spinners shall still run. Where shall the cotton be found? In India and Egypt the production is falling off, though greatly stimu? lated during thi war. In the former the popu? lation fi so dense that a famine is threatened whenever too much labor is diverted from tho production of food. The manufactunng world, old and new, thus anxiously looks to the South? ern States of this Union as the chief source for the supply of cotton. New Ec gland states? manship has reduoed tbis supply one-half, and trebled the price. Let us look at some facts, and see to what conclusions they will lead. . In 1860 (see abstract census, p. 131) there were' 3 950,000 slaves in the Southern States; 1,150.000 being in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina. Kentucky ana Missouri. This left ?800,000 in the cotton States. One-half of theso, or 1,400,000, were between the ages of 16 and 60; and no planter will say that he ever had more than half his negroes in the cotton field. From this 1,400,000 must bo deducted, house servants, mechanics, and negroes in cities, towns Ac, not engaged iu producing cotton. It is not probable, therefore, that we ever had 1,300,000 slaves thus employed. If they averaged four bales to the hand-men and women, old and young-the production would be about as much as the large crop of 1860. This was under a systen of labor thoroughly trained and nuder the most industrious and energetic management. Then there were few idlers and no paupers. How is it now ? Not more than half the 1,300,003 former slaves can now be found in tbe field. Thousands have sought the haunts of cities and towns; and the females seldom work. It is at least pretty certain that not more than 800,000 negroes can be counted, to-day, as field hands, and the general estimate docs not exceed two and a half bales to the hand. Put it at three, tho crop would then be 2,400,000 bales. Add 200 000 for the production of white labor, and we have a crop of 2 600,000. Can it exceed 3,000,000 bales ? I confess it does not seem that the present labor By stem of the South can reach that figure, save in an extra? ordinary season. It may be done ; Derhaps 4,000,000 bales may be reached if we neglect food ; but would not that be paying rather dearly for the extra million bales ? Year by year, food is steadily advancing in price. There are thousands here who remember when they could buy corn at twenty to thirty cents and wheat at fifty cents per bushel, and pork at four or tivo cents ocr pound or twelve dollars per barrel. What are the prices now ? Double and treble what they woio years ago. There is a powerful agency producing this. From 1840 to 1850, the incrcaso of our country population was about thirty per cent., that of the cities up? wards ot eighty per cent. In 1800, our city population was one in eleven of the wholo po? pulation, lu 18(59 it was on-3 in nearly every five. In other wordu, our food producers are rapidly becoming less numerous as compared with tho wholo population, and hence the opin? ion that food will Eot tall much in prices. Great Britain slaughtered ono million less hogs last winter than the winter before; and the Northwestern States 300,000 les.-. lu 1868 the corn crop was sixty millions of bushels less thaD the crop of I860, eight years ago. Re? member, too, that ev .'ry year we are re? ceiving about 250 000 souls from Europe, who seldom produce food the year they ar? rive, but aro constant COD sn mers. Does this look like a fall in the price of food ? With facts J.ko these, can our people think it best to raise four million bales of cotton and buy their food from the Northwest ? A Bmall crop of cotton will bring more money than a large one. The five million bales of 1860. at ten cents a pound, brought but 1250,000,000. Thc crop of 1868. estimated at 2,300 000 bales, at an average of 25 cents, will bring $287,500,000. It is then evident that a half crop will bring more money than a very hrce ono. Thc truth is. it tho South will raise food iu abuudanco for all her wants, she cannot exceed three million bales. The klior ia not hero. Thc present colton producei s aro gen? erally trainod bauds. When these pass away, their .-ucees ors will be less numerous and still less reliable. Skill and improved machinery nitty cultivate more land, bat human fingers alo c can Rather thc crop. Hence the conclu? sion that wita an abundance ot f tod tho South cannot possibly raise cotton enough to put the price nuder twenty cents for some years. If, in addition to all this, she will also enter largely 'uto manufacturing all tho shirting, sheeting, ?c, 6he needs, shu will save an im? mense profit now pai i out to Now England ou those fabrics. lu I860 "thc Southern Stites ; spun iue-third of all tho cotton yarns used m tho whole Union, but wove only ono twentieth of all the cloth. Why may wc'uot produce tbs cloth as largo y as the vain? There can be no doubt as to thc profits. I clo not regard it as possible, even were it desirable, to increase our negro copulation. That race has never so rapidly multiplied any? where, and never b?cn found so civilized and Christianized as under tho influence of constant contact with tuc whites of the Southern States. Tho guardianship of the latter having been withdrawn, thc funner will rapidly lapse into semi-barbarism aud gradually disappear. No two distinct nations, even of the same race, ever lived peaceably together, as equals, under the samo government. Such an instance is found no? where in all history. If this be so of nations of the 6amo race, how must it be with nations ol different races? It has been aptly said that the Saxon race would always exterminate those whom they could not subjugate; and the late of thc American Indian illustrates it. The ne? gro race is doomed. Its ultimate fate is but a question of time. Is it desirable to increase such a population? Would wo gain anything but mero numbers, whose moral and intellec fcial degradation would be but food for corrupt politicians? Is it not vastly bel tf-r for us lo populate our waste lands with a class of whites who will have some pride of race and some regard for their political rights and duties ? If tho South is to bo peopled with millions who are to bo our equals, in the name of Heaven let it be with men of our own color and race. Though grossly outraged, thc South is not yet miued ; for it is a difficult job to ruin a country so blessed in climate and soil, and having such a population as ours bas been in all the changes of the past eighty years. The sons of the men who honored Washington. Jefferson, Henry, Ma'bson, Jackson, Clay and Calhoun, os their models for patriots and statesmen, cannot long bo under the rule of such adveuturers and charlatans as now curse both North and South. A brighter day is dawning. Duriig tho past thirty years the South has never been so little in dobt as she is to-day ; and, with political kindness, eho will soon be on her feet again. During tho post five mouths, I havo traversed a dozen counties in Mississippi on horseback, L.KI -a constant and free intercourse with the farmers assures mo that thero has not been so much money in the State for many years. Rich planters used to belong to commission merchants of New Orleans. This has mostly ended. Economy is tho order of the day, and e rery one is ad? dressing himself to its necessities. With the money or tho past crop they aro buying mules and farming implements, and are planting about as much land in corn as in cotton, thus insuring an abundance of food. The proceeds of the cotton crop of this year (1869) will be almost outircly a surplus, and in ten years the South wiU be "much the wealthi? est "portion of the Union. But time, in its steady evolutions, will soon come to her relief in another way. Look at tho sabjoined tables. They aro worth studying, for they cleat ly indi? cate where even now is tho seat of political power. With tho ability to raise an abund? ance of food, and keep cotton above twenty cents por pound, we may look upon tho future with high hopo. Below I coutrast the population and wealth of the wholo Union with tbe population and wealth of the States of the Mississippi Valley. These States are Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wis? consin, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Ala? bama, Mississippi and Lou' staun : I860. Populatiou of the United State?.31,500,000 Population of the Valley States. 14,500.000 Wealth ot the United States.?16,000,OtO,000 Wealth o! tho Talley Siates. 7 500,000,000 Hero it is seen that (ea years ago tho fifteen States named abovo had nearly half the popu? lation and wealth of the whole Union; although threo-iburtbs of them were a wilderness less than fifteen years ago. Can any ono doubt that tho tendency of political power is West ?ward? But let us loo!-, at it in anotbor and still moro suggestive tight. The ten mest prospeious and progressive States of this valley are Ohio, Illinois, ludana, Iowa, Missour., Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkan? sas, Mississippi and Louisiana. Contrast them with the four most prosperous and progressive States of the Atlantic seaboard. From 1850 to 1860 the increase of the former, in population, waa sixty-nine per cont., that of tho latter but thirty-two. In the former tho increase in wealth was 300 per cent., in tho latter but 110. If ten (10) of the Atlantic States had been selected, instead of four the difference would have been still greater, and, in order to pre? sent thc question in the beet light for them, but four States were selected, thoy the most flourishing. If this be true of the period be tweon 1850 and 1860, what must be the increase of the Valley States since then? Tho growth since 1860 has been moro marvellous than ever before. Another census will bo taken next year, and we shall then find the spell ot New England broken, and ber . power for mischief gone. In addition to all this, Mary? land, Virginia, the two Carolinas, Florida and Texas, which are not Valley States, will unite their destinies with these, for, as they are all essentially agricultural, their interests aro mutual. They will doubtless bold two-thirds of the votes in Congress and control thc des? tinies of tbo*Union, lue elections in the Northwest last fall, ss compared with those of two years bet?re, prove that the antagonism of of the people towards the South is on tho wane here; and in a few more years we may exclaim, "Now is the winter of our discontent made sum? mer." You will say thia is a hopeful picture. Well, I am a hopeful man. Better that than to be ever foreboding evil. Tho past has ita les? sons of bitterness and oppression; but it is difficult to believe that this country can long bo ruled by any party whoso pathway to power is strewn with toe wrecked rights and liberties of individuals and States. J. T. TBEZEVANT. THE CORAXi KEEFS. How tiie Florida Keys were Formed. The wife of Professor Agassiz has an article inOur.Young Folks for February, telling how tho islands of the coast of Florida wero formed, from which we make the following extract : Just outside the lower extremity of Florida are a number of islands, tho easternmost almost touching the maiu laud, while the western lie a little further off. In consequence of this peculiarity in their disposition thc space left between theao islands ana the Florida coast, marked on the map as mud flats, is broad and open at the western outlet, but almost closed towards the east. It is important to remember the form of this broad intervening space, stretching between tbe keys and the main land, because tho nar? rower and more shallow end may bo easily filled up with sand, mud, etc. If you" will look at tho map, you will seo by tho flats at tbe eastorn end of this once open channel thal such a pro? cess is actually going on. In fact, a current sets towards thc channel, drifting into it sand, mud, and debris of all sorts. I hope to Bhow you that these flats, being gradually consolidated into dry land, will at last make a bridge between tho islands and Ibo lower extremity of Florida, uniting them solid? ly together, so that the former will cease to bo islands, and will become part of the main land. Indeed, wc shall find that Florida herself, so far as her structure is known, is onlv a succes? sion of such rows of islauds as now lie outside her southern shore, united together by flats exactly Uko those accumulating at this moment between tho preseut islands aud tho coast. These islands are called the Keys of Florida, and are distinguished from one another bv a variety of appellations, such as Sand Key, Key West, Indian Key, Lotig Key and thc like. They are of various sizes; some, like Key Weet for instance, are largo, inhabited islands, planted with fruit aud flower gardens, wheie cocoatiuta and palms, orange trees and bananas, grow in great luxuriauce; while others are mere barren rocks, scarcely rising abovo tho surface of tho ocean, washed over by the waves, and wholly destitute of verdure. Suppose, now. that in fancy we sail out from tho keys on their seaward side, choosing a bright, calm day, when tho surface or tho ocean is still. The water ot that region is always remarkably clear; and under such in? fluences of skv and atmosphere, it is so trans? parent that the bottom may bo seen at a con? siderable depth, distinct as a picture under glass. Sailing southward to a distar ce of some four or five miles from the keys, wo Hud ourselves in tbe neighborhood of a rocky wa'l arising from the ocean bottom. / <vo approach it, if wo look over the sides ol' the boat, wc shall soe that we are passing over a floating shrubbery, a brancLinp; growth spreading iu every direction, its lighter portions swaying gently \v<th the movement of thc sea. It is not green, like land shrubbery, but basa variety of soft, bri?l.t hues-pnrplo, rosy, amethyst "yellow, brown and orange. If circumstances are favorable, and tho water crystal clear, as it sometimes is, wo shall have glimpses of bright colored fishes swimming in and out amid this tangled thick? et, or hero and there wa may discoro a variety of sea anemones; their soft, feathery fringe fully expanded. This wonderful growth over which wo have imagined ourselves to bo sailing is the top of a coral wall. Reaching the Surface of the water at intervals, it forms little rocky islands hero and there, divided from each other by open channels, through some of which vessels of considerahie size may piss. This wall in fact is a repetition of the same process as that which has formed thu inner row of keys, though in a more incomplete stage; it is built up by the coral animals from the sea bottom. Wher? ever circumstances are most favorable to their development, there they grow most rapidly. In such spots they bring the wall to a sea level sooner than in others. This done, however, the work of the coral animals ceases, because they cannot live out of the water. But in consequence of a process of decay and decomposition, which I shall des? cribe" when we examine the structure and life of the animals themselves, such a wall-or coral reef, as it is called-is purrounded by coral sand and fragmeuts worn away from it by the action of the sea. Materials ol' this sort, mixed with sea weed, brokou shells, &c, soon gather upjn tbo top of the reef where ever the coral growth has brought it to the sea level. By degrees a soil is collected upon such spots, raising them more and mote abovo the surface of the wator. In this way thc islands have been formed which wc call the keys of Florida; and in the same way tho little patches now rising highest on the summit of the reef will cnlaige gradually into more and more ex? tensive islands, though at present many of them are scarcely visible above the water level. AUTISTIC no USES. 11 ow Homes may bc ."?lade Attractive. A book entitled "Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery and other Details," by C. L. Etstlake, has just been published in London. Apart of the volume bas already ap? peared in the form of contributions to the Cornhill Magazine, tho Queen and the London Roviow, but the illustrations and a groat part of tho text are new. Mr. Eastlake gives some useful suggestions concerning furniture and the numerous details of housekeeping. He says: As a rulo, tho simple patterns are the best for every situation; but where thc eye has to rest upon tho surface of the wall alone, a great? er play of lino in the pattern may become ad? visable, lt is obvious that delicate lints admit of more linear complexity than th oso which are rich or dark. Intricate forms should be accompanied by quiet colors, and variety of hue should bo 'chastened by tho plainest pos? sible outlines. In color, wail paper should op? pose instead of repeating that of tho furniture and hangings by which tbey are surrounded. Some people conceive that tbe most important condition of good taste has t>eeu fulfilled if every bit of damask in one room is cut from one piece, and every article of furnituro is made from the samo piece of wood. At this rate the art of house fitting would be reduced to a very simple process. Tho real secret of success in decorative color is, however, quite as much dependent on contrast as on similari? ty of tint; nor can real artistic effect be expect? ed without the employment of both. Mr. Eastlake goes on to show that modern grates, tenders and fire irons are almost always ill-designed, regardless of the nature of tho material of which they arc made. Thc curtain pole of tho present day, with fachsias or con volvnli sprawling down at tho ends, he says, is a wonderful burlesque of the simple iron rod on which curtains wero formerly hung. For the cur,aiu8, besides nilk, rep and damask, tho German stuff called Coletan is one of the most artistic of modern texrile fabrics. The French material called Algcrisso, which was the best thing of tho kind that had appeared for many years-being cheap, washable and artistic found few admirers, and is uot now obtaiuablc. Clotorine is good and usoful in quality, but thc designs in use for it includes evory ciernen: which sound taste would avoid. For summer curv.ine, Swiss luce, made of stout thread, and worked in small, well defined patterns, is much better than muslin on which is acmi-natural istic foliage or uondescr.pt labyrinth of em? bossment. Library book cases are capable of much im? provement, and tho drawing room iurniturc, sent in from a fashionable upholsterer, is sure to finnish illustrations of faults in taste and construction. Oil paintings should not be hung with water-color drawings, nor th .-se with en? gravings and photographs. It is best to keep all painting? in a room by themselves. Draw? ings should bo hung so that the centro of tho picture is about five feet six inches from tho floor. They should not touch each other; in a drawing room, especially, they may bo ad? vantageously separated by sconces, mirrors or brackets, supporting somo object ol ait. Never hang glazed drawings opposite a win? dow, says Mr. Eastlake, and he adds : Never suspend a framed picture, however small, from one nail. This may seem a trifle ; but, independently of tho considerations of safety, the effect produced by two points of support is infinitely better. The triangular space inclosed by a picture cord stretched be tween thro 5 points must always be inharmo? nious with tho horizontal and vertical line of a room. -Tho story goes that whon Grant was at West Point, after his election, Hamilton Fish invited tho President elect to make his house a homo, and the offer was accepted. The Hon. Hamilton Fish is a superb entertainer. In all social matters ho is a master, and the Presi? dent wa? fairly cbanned off his feet by the easy freedom and elegant hospitality of his host. The dinners were admirable, the wines raro and delicious, while the cigars breathed the soft fragrance of their native islo. The hours flew by on goldeu wings, and the day came which put the closing limit to tho pleas? ant visit. Hamilton Fi di gave a magnificent dinner. At the table tho President elect met an old acquaintance, and while talking to him. after dinner, in tbe library, where they smoked together, General Grant suddenly removed tho cigar from his mouth, threw hi's thumb over bis shoulder in thc direction of the dining room, where the elegant entertainer yet was, andaakedin a low voice : "Who is this Hamil? ton Fish?"' -What a curious book might bo mitten on tho history of suicides I The ingenuity of dis? torted minds iu discovering strange modes of death seems inexhaustible. An English Car? penter a few days ago turned his mechanical skill to account in constructing a guillotino for his own decapitation. A .New York merchant very recently hanged himself, and after put? ting on the nooso adopted a most ingenious way of tying his hands between his legs, so that he could not release himself should his heart fail him at the last moment. Religious mania has been known to drivj men to self crucitixion. Tho most horrible case of sui? cide, however, that we remember, occurred a few days ago in Loudon, where a man emptied a can of paradoo oil all over his peison, and then set himself on fire. This, we believe, is as far as anybody has yet gone. Consignees per Sou tn (molina Uailroad April IO. 302 bales Cotton, 02 bales Domestics, 3 cars Lum? ber, 3 cars Wood, 1 car Stock. To Uailroad Agent, Graeser & Smith. Werner k Ducker, Caldwell & son, W U Williams, Heeder* Uavis, J Wiley k Co, Mowry k Co, Frost k Adger. Willis ic Chisolm, G W Wil? liams & Co, O H Wolter k Co, W W smith, A h Mul? ligan, W U Courtney i Co, S H Marshall, Bischoff & Co, and Goldsmith k Sou. Consignees per Northeastern Kailroad April IO. 103 bales ?otton, ?87 bushels Bice. 32 bbls Naval Stores, Tobacco. Mdse, kc. To J Uoulko ., J But? ler, Beeder k Davis, Stol!, Webb k Co, Howard & Bro, Graeser k Smith, J D Aiken & Oo, S D Stoney, Rev J M Greeu, Muzycks & suiters, Kendall k Dock try, cleghorn. Herring & Co, G W Williams k Co, W K Byau, J L j-chirmer. J F O'Neill k ion, Osten dorff & Co, T D Claucy ft Co, G Foll?n, Bavenel & Co, J J Jacobs, and Order. Passengers, Per steamship James Adgor, from New York C A Stetsou, Bev J Bl Smith, Bev li M Uickcy, T J Whittemorc, J Stone. G Stone, A Bcagan, L C Fell, J Cormier, J Mitchell, H 1 Te. ry, P Campbell, Captain S Adkins, and 3 in steerage. Per steamer Pilot Boy, from Savannah via Beau? fort and Hilton Head-H S Cooke, wife and child, .Mis J S Lylt?, Miss Newcomb, Miss WUson, A B Ad? dison, Mr Bulklny. wife and diugbter, Mrs Pen? nington, two children and servant, J H Lee. wife, two children and servant. Col Zimmer, Mrs Steele, a V Cuuvou and w:io, O C Niel, J Smith, U P Wil? liams J J Klein. O J Stoibrand, wife aud three chil? dren, J Apple, Mr Medbury and wife, and 0 on deck. Per steamer Faunie, from Savannah via Hilton Dead. Beaufoit, Edisto, Ac-F Cilium nan. J H Estill, wile, two children aud servant, J McIntosh, A Ealey, T P Chapman, A Dupong. A M Jones, li Chisolm ami sister. H E Swinton, C M Jenkins, J J Walker, and 5 on deck. (tamcrri?l. Exports. LIVERPOOL-Pe: ste.msuip Camilla-:S4 bags Sea Island Cotton. 1570 bales Upland Cotton, 15 bales Toba co, 510 bags of Ground South Caro? lina Phosphite. 163 obis Ito-in. R0CKPOUT, ME-Perbrig Manzanillo-119,118 feet Steam Sawed Lumber. Charleston Cotton and lt icc Market. OFFICE OF THE CHARLESTON DAILY NEW8,1 CHARLESTON, Friday Evcniug, April IC. } COTTON-The market ".MS quiet, with a limited demand, caused by the dullness at New York and the non-receipt of Liverpool telegrams. Sales about 200bales,at nnmingeJ rites, viz: lat 25&; 9 at 26>?;59at27;25at27>,';3 at 27??; 15 at27??;50 at 28, and 3 of extra staple at 30c lb. We quote : LtVE?PooL CLASSIFICATION. Ordinary to eood ordinary.2Ci?(&i27>i' Low middling.27 Kg - Middling.27?@28 By New York classification we quote: Low middling.27J?@ KICK-The transactions were limited, but prices were firm. Sales about 60 tierces cf clean Carolina, say 23 tierces at 8c; 60 at 8%c 3 m. We quote com? mon to fair clean Carolina at 7&@8>i; god 8)?@ 3,'ic $ lb. Markets by Telegraph. FOREIGN MARKETS. HAVANA, April 15 - '??usar firm; sales 12,000 boxes of No. 12 at 9. Sterling Wi to Ujtf. U. S. currency 23>ia?4j< discount. DOMESTIC MARKETS. NEW YORK, April 16-Noon.-Money active at 7; sterling ",%. Go'.d33>i. Cotton quiet at 28?? Tur? pentine Arm nt 50c.,.Rosin firm; strained $2 50 to S2 56. Evening.-Cotton without decided change; sales 1800 bales at 28&c. Flour dull; common lo fair ex? tra Southern S6 20.6 85. Wheat dui and declining. Corn heavy; new yellow Southern 87c. Pork lower at $30 87,'5'a31. Lard lower at 18??al9J4'. Whisksy nominal. Sugar firm; mu?--;ovado lljial2.,4; Havana 12?xal2?i. Coffee 6r.?. Other groceries dull. Naval 6tores Atm. 'iurpentino 49??o50>?. Rosin $2 45a8. Freights firmer; cotton by steam 3-16d. Money eai.y on call at 7 per cent. Sterling dull but steady at 7%a8. Stjcks strong. Gold 33. BALTIMORE, April 16.-Jetton dull at 28>?c. Flour dull and weak. Wheat drooping; good to primo red S2a210. Other grains dull. Fork quiet at 532. Bacon firm. Shoulders 14J?e. Lard firm ot 19>?c. Whis? key firm at 92c. CINCINNATI, April IC.-Flour firmer-fAmily at $6 SOaO 75. Com active and highor. Whiskey limit? ed and in demand at 90c Provisions firmer. Pork $31, Bacon shoulders 13!%. Lard firm-city 18. I ST. LOUIS, April 16.-Whiskey 87,l?a88. Pork higher at $30 50a3l. Bacon higher: shoulders 13>i; clear sides 16??al7; choice sugar-cured hams 2Ja I 20>i. Lard firm-in keg 19. j IXHJIBVTLLF, April 16.-Pork $31 75. Lard 18 J? Shoulders 13>?; clear sides 17.^. Flour $5 80a6. Vi hiskey 91. a*. ( WILMINGTON, April 16.-Spirits turpentine un? changed. Rosin quiet at $18Ja7. Crude turpentine firm at $1 60a2 70. Tar 'firm at ?2 30. Cotton dull at 26c for mixed qualities. t? ACOUSTA, April 10.-Market quiet and easier; sales 214 biles; receipts40-middlings 27c. s A VA X.VAU. April 16.-Cotton dull; sales 300 bales. Middlings 27Mc. Receiptb 746; exports to Livcrpoo 1 2264. MOBILE, April 16.-Receipt', for thc wcok 3786 bales; exports coast .vise 776 bales; foreign nono; stock 41.206 bales; sales for thc woelc 6000 bales; sales to day none. Market dull and prices norn inal. Low mi Idling 27c; receipts 1057 bales; experts none. NEW ORLEANS, April 10.-Ro:elpt9 to-day 2604 bales ; for thc week, gross 12,428, net 10,427; exports to-day 4196; for lbw week, tr Great Britain 10,434, to the Continent 729?, cotsiwise 11312; stock 109,927; sale? to-day li 00 bales;for tho week 20,700, mirkot dull aud une li luged ; mid liing uplands 28>^a28>i . Gold 33. Stcrliug i?}?. Commercial il)j. Sigtit exchange ou New York }i premium. InJ^rlor Cotton Markets. YORKVILLK, April M.-Cotton dull at 25c, and httle offering. MONTGOMERY, April 14.-Cotion raarknt firm at 26c for low middling*. SUMTER, Airil 13.-About one hundred and twenty bales sold during ibe week at 26 x'.x2?%c. CH KS 1ER, April 13.-''otton market inactive and receipts light. We quote middling at 25i25>4'c, other grade* in proportion. MACON, April 14.-The demand to day was vory good. The market cl med steady-holden firn. Middlings 26c-the finest bringing more. Receipts to-day 19 bales; shipments 139 bales: sales 314 bales. CHARLOTTE, April 12.-Trade wis rather dull last week (except in the wholesale lino,) in conse? quence of tho busy sea-on a-, ong farmers. Colton opened at the first of the week at 26a2C}?c, but on Saturday 25>?a25>?C was tho highest figures paid. About 85 bales sold during the week. ?Harinc Hems. Port o? Charleston. A.pril 17. FORT C^VJUHIIVDAIC. PH A s ns OF TUE HOON. Last Quarter, 3d, 3 hours, 28 minutes, evening. New Moon, 11th, 8 hours, 27 minutes, evoniog. First Qnarter, 19th. 9 hours, 46 minutes, morning. Full Moon. 27th, 1 hour, 1 minute, morning. A PHIL SUN SISES. I SEIS, MOON SETS. HIGH WAT tr.. 12:Monday....i 5..35 , 6..27 Sets. I 8.. 9 13 Tuesday.... C..34 0..27 i 8.. 3 | 8..42 lil Wednesday.!. 5.. 82 | 6..28 ?..59 | 9..24 15 Thursdav... 5..31 : 6..29 | 9..57 10.. 5 10 Friday. ....j 6..30 ! 6..29 . 10..64 10..51 17 Saturday... 5..29 0..30 ll..50 ll..45 18 Sunday.1 5..28 1 6..31 | Mom. Morn. Arrived Yesterday. Steamship James Adger, Lockwood, New York- - left 13th Inst. Mdse. To James Adirer - Co. S C Railroad Agent, N E Railrcad Agent, Florida Steamer Agents, southern Express Co, A H Abrahams k Co, C D Ahr. us & Co, J Archer, E Bates At Co. b Rrown, T H Blackwell C D Brahe A: Co, t M 13ri.-.toll. G H Brown, Budd ic Wake. E Hull, H Bullwinkle St Co, J C liurckmyer, Cameron k Barkley, 1 M Cater, W H Cbaleo & Co. W S Corwin A: Co, H Daly, M Drake, J B Duval fe Son, J M Fason k Uro, J S Fairly k Co, I L Falk k C'\ D F f leming J: Co, H Gerdts ?c Co, C Uoldsteiu, Goodrich, Wi cern m & Co, J H Uraver k Co, J Ferguson, J U Hall k Co, C H Bilton, Hort & Co, Holmes k Calder, J Hurkamp k co, I Hyman k Co, E H Jack-on, Jeffords .v Co, O U Johnson, John? ston, Crews & Co, Kin-man Uro-, B Kim to k Co, F Kresscl, Jr, Khnck, Wickcubo'g & co. Enox Daly k Co, Kricte At Chapman, W Legerton, McLoy k Rice, Mantoue k Co, Marshall 4: Burge, Menke k Muller, North, ^t-ele k Wardell, J C cjomann, B O'Neill, D O'Neill & SOD, J F (J'N'elll k Son. Palmetto Pionoer Cc~openitive Association. H TPeake, superintendent, G E Piugree, C Plcuge, R Roth, Blecke k Schachte, Riordan, Dawson k Co, J Ru?sell, F E Schroeder, P Si huckmm, J F. t-cmcke, i-eyinour k silcox, shack ellord k Eelly, W U Steedman, Sicuhonse .fe Co, G W Steffen?, E U Stoddard A: Co, Str .uss & Yunce, A L Tobias, Wagener k Mou-ees, Wulk>r, Evans k Cogsw.-li, E Ward k Co. Werner tc Ducko*. Willis As Chisolm, G W Williams A: Co, K Wiug, W J Y.'tcs, P Cullinane, G L Wngbt. M Garfunklc. Bart k Wirth, G W Aimar. E J Oliver. J Jan. M H Nathans, I M Z?rcher. D Maguire, R B Gordon. J Heeseman, S R Marshall. L Cohen k Co. G Prince, J commins, J R Read k Cc, Dowie k Moise. Forsyth, McCouib k Co, Melchers k Muller, C Kerrison, rf S Lester, F C Bor? ner. M A Tauulunson, P 'ieck.enberg, E R Cowper thwult, Stol], Webb k Co. S La Torre, D Solteri, J S Bee, T D Muller, W J Lee, B Feldniann k Co, Crane, BoTiston i Co. S H Wilson, A Lauger, Order, and others. 15th instant, ll A M. passed steamship Sea Gull, ht nee fur Baltimore Steamer Pilot Boy, Teck, Savannah via Beau? fort, Hilton Head, kc sundries. To J Fer?uson, Lopez k Lome. aniC J Stjlband. St? amer Faunie, Adair, Savannah, via Hilton Head. Beaufort. Edisto, A:c. Mdse. Arc. To John Ferguson, M Goldsmith k son, and Mrs W Itavencl. Cleared Yesterday. British steamship Camilla, Peace, Liverpool-B Mure Ac co. Trig Manzinlilo. Mag mae, llockport. Me-Olney k Co. Sehr Frank k Emily, colley, Philadelphia, via Da lien, Ga-Risley k Creighton. Sailed Yesterday. Steamer City Point, Mcvillin, Palatka, via Jackson? ville, Feruaudma and Savannah. Krona this I'ort. Steamship Champion, Lockwood, New York, April 13. Cleared for this Port. British atcamship Marmora, Robinson, at Baltimore, April 14. Memoranda.. The sehr Scud, origiua'ly from Calais, Mc, but which put into Hampton Roads in distress, sailed from Fortress Monroe lor Charleston on the 13th in? staut. Shtpncws hy Telegraph. NEW YOKE, April 16-All tbs coast steamers U13 aro duo have arrived. WILMINGTON, April 16-Arrived, tho Volunteer, Irom .New York. Cleared, tho Fairbanks, for Now York. SAVANNAU, April 16-Arrived, steamship Leo from Now York. Cleared, ship chevalier for Queenstown; barks John Ellis tor Liverpool; Helene Sligo for Ireland ; scti r Sophia for Nassau. Weather modoraie. Wind SSE. pings, ?t)cmiiil5, Cit. F O U T Z ' S CELEBRATED Horse aud. Cattle Powder.1 This preparation, long and iavorably known, will thor ougbly reinvigorate broken down and low-spiritett horace, by strengthening and cleansing the stomach and intes? tines. It ia a sure preven? tive of aU diseases incident to this ani* md. tnch'u LUNG FEVER, GLANDERS, YEL? LOW WATER, HKAVES, Coughs, Distemper, Fevers, Founder, Loss of AppoUte and Vital Energy, *'<-.. Its usc improvi s the Wind, increas? es the Appetite- H gives a s m o o t h A and Glossy Skiu and transforms tho '??- L^sssraa ? miserable Ske'.ctous *'''>*i^>?<^ into a fine looking w. \ spirited Horse. TO KEEPER3 OF COWS THIS PREPARATION IS INVALUABLE It increases the quantity and Im? proves tho quality of tho MILK. It has been proven by actual experi? ment to increase tho q U an ti ty of Milk aod Cream twenty per cent, ?-find mako the But ^-" - _ -: ter firm and sweet. In fattening cattle, it gives them an appetite, opens their hides and makes them thrive much faster. IN 4LL DISEASES OF SWINE, SUCH AS COUGHS, ULCERS IN THE LUNGS, LIVER, kc. this articleacts as a spe? cific. By putting \ from one-half to a paper in a barrel of swill thc ab ve ?., diseases wil 1 bo eradicated or en? tirely prevented. If given in time, a certain pre Uve aud cure for tho Hog Cholera. PREPARED BY DAVID E. P?UTZ, WHOLESALE DHUG AND MEDICINE DEPOT. No. 116 Franklin-street, Biltimore, Md. FOB SALE BY BOWIE vt MOI SK. WHOLESALE DRUG HOUSE, No. 151 MEETING-STREET, OPPOSITE CHJ RLESTON HOTEL, March 31_ 45 ROS A DALIS Purifies the Blood. For Sale by Dru?Rlsts Kvcrywnerv.. JulyS* 0*0 Safes ARVIN'S PATENT Alum & Dry Plaste? FIRE PROOJ: SAFES Are moat desirable for quality, finish and price. MARVIN'S SPHERICAL BURGLAR SAFES Cannot be Sledged ! Cannot be Wedged ! Cannot be Drilled! BANK VAULTS, VAULT DOORS, EXPRESS BOXES, FAMILY PLATE SAFES, COMBINATION LOCKS Please send for a catalogue to MARVIN & CO., (oldest safe manufacturers) ?a . . ^ ( 2C? Broadway, New Fork. Principal )m chcBtnat'St., Phil*. Warehouses |108Bank St., Cleveland.O And for sale by our agents in the principal cities throughout the United States FOR SALE BY WM. M. BIRD & CO., No. 203 EAST BAY, CHAH LI- sTtiar. December 20 lyr _Slows._ M. L. FIT ..LEY'S Celebrated Cooking Stoves, "PHILANTHROPIST" AND "CIVILIAN," Manufactured at Troy, N. Y.. and for sale by D, L. FULLERTON, AUGUSTA, GA. THESE STOVES STAND UNRIVALLED FOR capacity, durability, conveniences and tbe gen? eral pur-poso* to which i'xiokiugSloves are used. The PHILANTHROPIST fa extra heavy pl ited, and has Ash Drawer; can bo mad-? into a nix boiler hole utovo : lia? ca?t Iron Witer Tank galvanized, or enamel lined. A strictly first-class stove The CIVILIAN ts of a neat design, uni has afine large Oven. This Stove inn bo bart with the exteusion oack, six bolos, and reservoir when desired For further information apply to D. L. FCLLERTON, Jauuary30 6m os Augusta, Ga, /?coitore, tte JDJLTSTTS?JLM HI. SILOOX, Nos. 175,177 and 179 KING-STREET, - ? Charleston, S. C., Keeps constantly on hand a largo and well selected assortment or" OA.BI2STET F LTPMSTTTUKE, Of the latest and most approved styles, which he offers at prices that cannot fail to please. ALSO, CHAMBER AND COTTAGE SETS, OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. JJ9-THE BEST ASSORTMENT EVER OFFERED IN THIS MARKET.-*? N.B.-Gooda Carefully Packed tor Shipping. March 18 nao. thetu2moe /irtilijcrs. MODES' SUPERPHOSPHATE I THE OLD AND LONGEST ESTABLISHED STANDARD MANURE. ORCHILLA GUANO ! PERUVIAN GUANO I EH ODES' MANTJBE, IN ITS PREPARATION, IS MADE EQUALLY ADAPTED FOR FACING large crops of Cotton, Corn, Wheat, Tobacco. Potatoes and other Root Crops. Ibo Manufacturing Department is conducted by Frederick Klett, one of the most ssIUfal Chemlsts?and Manufacturers in the United States. . . It is endorsed, approved and recommended by all of tho most prominent Chemists and Agriculturists In tho Southern States. "It can be relied upon as uniform' hi quality," always reliable, productive of largo' crops, and unexcelled by any In tho market, in the high percentage of "True Fertilizing Principles." Price $57 50 cash, or $65 time, with Factor's acceptance, and 7 per cent, interest until 1st December, 1869. OH CHILLA GUANO-"AA." a fine Bird Gui?o, rich In Phosphates and Alkaline Salts. Price Mi cash. $40 time. PK KU VI AN GUANO-Warranted pure, and always on hand. Furnished at market prices for cato?. Analysis of Rhodes' Standard Superphosphate of Lime. Moisture Expelled at 212?.,.5.05 Soluble Phosphoric Acid.9.06 Equal to Phosphate Limo.19.78 Common Phosphoric Acid.16.03 Equal to Bone Phosphate..*..34.99 Total Phosphates.54.77 Lime with Phosphoric Acid.v..29.68 Sand. ?.-_.00.00 Sulphate of Lime and other Salts not estimated.40.18 100.00 The above Analysis indicates a Mannrial Superphosphate of Lime of the highest grade ordi? narily found in the American market. It* larcr*? smount of Soluble Phosphoric Acid supplies an active nutriment for tha development and maturity of the fruitage. The Sulphuric Acid" which it contains, by chemical affinity with the elements of most soils, contribute to ita Fer? tilizing Properties. To show its bost effects, this Superphosphate should be applied under and in contact with tho Seed, and with a moderately shallow covering of soil. A. MEANS, Inspector, Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia. G. H. WILLIAMS, Assistant Chemist. '. February 13th, 1869. We guarantee that every package of RHODES' STANDARD S?PERPHOSPHATEj?hall fully come up to the above analysis. ?. m. RHODES & CO., No. 8? SOUTH-STRKET, HA LT I MUK E. B. S. RHETT & SON, ' February 27 AGENTS, CHARLESTON, S. C. GUARDIAN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OP NEW YORK. Organized in 1859. All Policies non-Forte ?table. Hali Loan Taken. No Notes Required* LAST CASH DIVIDEND 50 (FIFTT) PER CENT. Statement. Policies in force..$25,000,000 Assets. 1,500,000 Annual Income. 800,000 Losses Paid.- 500,000 Officers. W. H. PECKHAM, President. H. V. GAHAGAN, Secretary. L. McADAM, Actuary. G. A. FUDICKAR, Superintendent. Directors. Hon. JOHN A. Drx, Now York. E. V. HAUGHWOUT, Firm E. V. Haughwout 4 Hon. JAMES HABPEB, Firm Harper & Broa., Co. fe ex-Mayor New York. WM. WILSENS, Firm W. Wilkena & Co. .IOHN J. CRANE, President Bank Republic. J?LT?S H. PRATT, Merchant. WM. T. HOOKES, Wall-atreot. WM. W. WRIGHT, Merchant. WM. M. VEBMTLYE, Banker (Vermily?? Co.) CHAS. J. STABS, Merchant. CHAS. G. ROOKWOOD, Cashier Newark Banking WILLIAM ALLEN, Merchant. Company. GEO. W. CUTLER, Banker, Palmyra. N. Y. Hou. GEOBSE OPDYKE ox-Mayor of New York. GEO. T. HOPS, President Continental Fire In MINOT C. MOBGAN, Banker. eurance Company. THOMAS BIONEY, Firm Tbomoa Rigney & Co. JOHN H. SHERWOOD, Park Place. . BENJ. B. SHERMAN, Treasurer New York Steam WALTON H. ? TCKHAM, Corner 5th Avenu?'snd Mugar Refining Company. iwenty-thira-atreet. AABON ABNOLD, Firm of Arnold, ConBtable & Co. EDWABD H. WEIGHT, Newark, N. J. RICHARD H. BOWNE, Wetmore & Bowno, Law- GEO. W. FABLEE, Counsellor. yere. W. L. COGSWELL, Morchant. GEORGE KEIM, General Agent for South Carolina. Dr. T. KEKXSTJEK.VA. Examining Physician. R. ISSERTEL, GENERAL AGENT FOR CHARLESTON, January 12 6mo Office No. 385 King-Street, ChirWton, S. C. AYER'8 SARSAPARILLA, FUR PURIFYING THE BLUOI THE REPTJTATIC _ Ibis excellent medicine ? ^Tc>TV jo vs, ie derived from y?^fc}-- ?a cures, many of which a /Tr wi J^? tru'y marvellous. Inve d' " ^MiiiW^ ral<-' eases of .^crolulo ni disease, where tho systc /( (Wi seemed saturated wi jiff ;-V ?& corrup'ion, have been p (B?BM Sj tided and cured by ^B&~] " - Scroflilous adections ai ?jj^T^t?fc disorders, whicL were a i ? fl^ftwEwP' crava'cd by tho scrof -:T??35SP^^^ lous contamination uni they were painfully affliction, have been radical cured In such groat Lumbers in ainu tl every secrlo of the country, that tho public scarcely need to t informed of its virtues or ases. Scrofulous poison is ooe of the most de trucln enemies of our race. Often this unseens dunle tenant of tho organism undermines the con ritutioi and invites the attack ol enfeebling or fatal disease: without exciting a suspicion of its presence. Agaii it seem* to breed infection tbrough the body, an then, on some favorable occasion, rapidly develop into ono or other ol its hideous forms, either on th surfaco or among the vitals. In the latter, tubercle may bc suddenly deposited in the lungs or heart, o tumors formed in the liver, or it shows Its proseno by eruptions ou thcsMn, or foul ulcerations on som part of tho body. Hence the occasional use i bottle of this SARAPARILLA is advisable, ?V<M when no active symptoms of disease appear. . cv sons afliicio 1 with thc following complaints gent tallj find Ima ciliate relief, and, at length, cure, by ibc use ot this SARSAPARILLA: St. Anthony's t'.ic Hose or erysipelas, Teller, Salt Rheum, Scald Ucad Ring Worm, ."-oro iyes. Sore lars, and other "np, ti-?ns ( r visible forms of Scrofulous disease. UKI in thc mort? concealed forms, as Dyspepsia, Di ! Heart Li ea?o, Pits, Epilepsy, Neuralgia, andie.-, v. rtous ulcerous affections of the muscular am'- un ? . vous svstems. I syphilis or Venereal and Mercurial Disease . rc cur-d by it, though a long timo is required foi -"it during these ob-tinate maladi s by a?>y med?< te Hut lonrf continued use of this medicine will. un thc "complaint. Leucorrhoa or Whites, Ut?rin. Ul ceraiions and Pe?nale diseases, arc commonly i coi relieved and ultimately cured by its purifying sat invigorating eft ct. Minute Directions for each i st? are found in our Almanac, supplied gratis, beca matism and Gout, when caused by atcumulatioLs o extraneous matters in tbo blood, yield quickly to il as also Liver Complaints. Torpidity, Congestion 01 Iud immation of the Liver and Jana Hce, when aris? ing, au they often do. from the rankling poisons tn thc biood This SABSPARILL* Is a great restorer for the strength and v?or of the system. Those who arc Languid and Listless, Despondent, Sleepless and troubled with Nervous Apprehensions or Fears, or ai>y of the affections symptomatic of Weakness, will find immediate relief and convincing evidence of its restorative power upon trial. PEEPABED BT Dr. J. c. AY lilt a Co., Lowell, Mass., Practical and Analytical Chemists. Sold at Wholesale, by DOWIE A MOISE, Charleston, South Carolina, And by Tte tail Druggists everywhere. March 25 nae tbstuSmos HOUSEKEEPERS ! HOUSEKEEPERS ! MEX-WOMEN-WO ( HI LOHE V MEX-WOME N-AND CHILDREN I READ-READ. "Cooling to Scalds and Burna," "Soothing to all painful wounds," Ac. "Healing to all bores, ulcers," Ac. 'COSTAR'? BUCKTHORN SALVE Is the most extraordinary SALVE ever knowiS Its power of Soothing and Healing for all Cuts, Burns; Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Chapped Hands and Skin, for Sore Nipples, for Files, Ac, Ac -is without a paral? lel. Cue person says of it: "I would not be with* out a box in my house, If it cost $6, or I had to travel all th i way to New York tor it." I.V. Y. Evening News, September b\ j&- All Druggists in CHARLESTON sell it. "COSTAK'S " STANDARD PREPARATIONS ABS HIS BEAUTIFIER! THE Bitter-sweet and Orange Blossoms. i&* On e Bottle, $1-Three for $2. HIS i'Co&tar's" Rat, Roach, Acc., Exter mi's. "CostarV Bed Bog Exterminators. "Costar's" (only pure) Insect Powder. "Only Infallible Rcniodiea known." "111 Bewarol 11 of spurious imitations." "AU Druggists in CHARL KS TON sell them." Address .. COSTAR." No. 13 Howard-st., S. Y. Sold in CHARLESTON, 8. C., by GOODRICH, WIN EM AN dc CO. ? March 23 nae l?