Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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r VOLUME VII.-NUMBER 1078. CHARLESTON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY ll, 1869._SIX DOLLARS PER ANNUM BY TELEGKAPH. THE STATE CAPITAL. TUB ELECTION BILL PASSES THE SENATE-THE INCOEPOIt AITON OF CHARLES ." COUPANTES AND SOCIETIES -THE SAVANNAH AND CHARLES? TON RAILROAD BULL FAVORABLY. REPOETED ON B? THE RAILROAD COMMITTEE-CONSOLIDATION OF THE CHARLOTTE AND SOTTTH CAROLINA RAIL? ROAD AND THE COLUMBIA AND AUGUSTA HAIL ROA?. [SPECIAL TELEGRAM TO THE DAILY NEWS ] COLUMBLA, February 12.-IN THE SENATE the followiug bills passed a second reading and were ordered to bo engrossod : A bill to incor poratc the Union Star Fire Engine Company of Charleston, S. C.; a bill to incorporate the Sumter Fire Engine Company of Sumter, S. ? C.; a bill to incorporate certain fire engine companies of Charleston, S. C.; a bill to amsnd an act to loase the Stato Hoad ruuuing from the Conuty o? Greenville across the Salu? da Mountain to Henderson, ?. C.; a bill to amend au act to defino the jurisdiction and re? gulate the practice of Probate Courts; a bill to alfeend an act to regulate attachments; a bill to define the mauner of confession of judgments; a bill to authorize a loau for the ielicf of tho treasury; a bill to authorize the consolidation of the Charlotte and South Carolina Railroad Company and the Columbia and Augusta Rail? road Company. The following bills received a third reading: A bill to confirm and declare valid the recent election of Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Charleston ; a bill to amend an act entitled "An act to determine and perpetuate the home? stead;*' joint resolution to authorize the Coun? ty Commissioners of Oconee County to sell the interest of tho Stace in the Koo woo and Tack aseegce Turnpike Read; tv bill to incorporate the Ashley Fire Engine Company of charles? ton; a bill to regulate tho formation of incor? porations; a bill-to provide for the rcvisiou aad codification of the statute laws of South Caro? lina. Tho following acts wore ratified : An act to incorporate tho Mission Presbyterian Church of the City of Charleston; an act to enforce the provisions of the Civil Rights bill of tho Unit? ed States Congress; an act to aulhrriz; the . building of a bridge to connect tho Islands of Wadra alaw and John's; an act to incorporate the Wilson Bridge Company; an aco to incor? porate certain Fire Engira Companies; an act to incorporate the Citizen's Savings Bank of South Carolina ; joint r?solut ion relieving E. W. Oliver of a five per cent, penally. Corbin introduced a bill to prevoDt and punisn bribery and corruption, which was read tho first time. IN THE HOUSE, the bill from the Senate to validate the Charleston election was road tho first time and referred to a committee, consist? ing of the Committee on Elections and tho Judiciary Committee. The Charleston and Savannah Railroad bill was reported on favorably by the Railroad Committee. The bill to incorp?rete certain societies in Charleston was passed and sent to the Senate. Webb introduced & bili to authorize Wilson & Company to budd a dock and collect whar? fage, at Beaufort. Tao Mount Pleasant and Sullivan's Island Ferry bill waa discussed until adjournment. COXQBESSIONAZ. BINGHAM DENOUNCES BUTLER AS A REVOLU? TIONIST-PRIZE MONET FOR THE EEARSAOE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT FOR MISSISSIPPI BOILER DEFEATED AND BOTTLED UP-3TTLI TARY AND POSTAL RAILROAD. WASHINGTON. February 12.-Tho spirit per? vading the House may be imagined from the fellowing extracts from yesterday's proceed? ings : Mr. Bu tl r. I take back nothing. Mr. Bingham. Then I ask the House lo compel you to take back your revolutionary resolution-that.is something thac the gentle? man cannot retrace aod I denounce it here to? day, before the House and before the people of the country, as being as unwarranted as any aefcof. secession. I denornce, as a representa? tive of the peopie, tbis attempt to inaugurale revolution on the floor of this HSuee. I will oppose the reference of the resolution, as seeming to commit the House in some sort to a challenge of your own law. ' How would ic look for us io refer another resolution Suggested by the speech of the gentleman (Mr. Bu'1er), and that is, that the House should be authorized, in? UBe the gentleman's language, if thc Senate would not retire from the jon t convention to kick it out. Tho gentlemau trom Massachu? setts should be tho captain in the kicking operation. [Laughter.] I think tho gc??lu? man cannot gainsay bis speech in that which brought down tho galleries and split tho ear* of the groundling, audit illustrated tho ammus of his resolution. ? deuuuoce it here as a reso? lution of revolution-I denouuee it as ' a reso? lution of anarchy. Tho idea of the House of Representatives kicking tho Senate of the United States I A' at the time that you will have kicked tho law-making power out of existence, you will have proved yourselves greater architects of your country's ruin than did the nil ho? of men who, for four years, waged war upon your constitution and your laws, drenching your land with blood and ridging it all over with graves. Mr. Butler (aside). I always did like that speech of Mr. Bingham's. [Laughter.] Mr. Schenck. 1 have not the slighted idea of proposing thc censure ot tho Speaker. I think lie was excited like the rest of us. . Mr. Collar. He was not Mr. Scbenck. There is only a difference of opinion about that. IN THE HOUSE, the bill allowing tho crew of the Eearsage one hundred und ninety thou? sand doll us prize money for destroying thc Cojifederate cruiser Alabama was passed. The Reconstruction Committee reported? fa? vorably on the bill organizing a provisional government tor Mississippi. It authorizes thc reassembling of the convention forthwith by order of the president thereof, and in ca30 of his failure to order it within thirty days, by order of tho commanding general of the dis? trict. Tho said convention, zn addition to its present powers, shall appoint a provisional government, and may renae YO and appoint ali Stato, county and other officers of thc provision? al government."and author.zing the provisional governor to lemovo aud appoint registrars and jadges of elections, and submit to the people, with or without amendments, the constitution heretofore framed by thc convention. The bill exempts from attachment or sale household property or improvement to the value of $500. It authorize? tho convention to pass ordi? nances. It is not to remain in session over thirty days, or to have a per diem ot more than $5 and ton cents mileage. The ordinances will remaiu ot force until disapproved by Congress, or the f.tate is admitted into the Union. Trials for offences against the Stato shall be by jury. Thc President of tho United States may at auy time remove the Governor and tfppoiut a suc? cessor. Poll tax shall not exceed $150 per yea?. ?fler a severe straggle, Butler's resolution, with accompanying amendments, were tabled. The bill authorizing a rniliUry and postal railroad between Washington and New York, was passed by a voto of 100 to 54. WASHINGTON. O EXERAL LONGSTREET-THE UNDERWOOD CASE. WASHINGTON, February 12.-It is stated that General Longstreet ia a candidate for the New Orleans collectorship. James Lyons, Esq.. addressed the Supreme Cour: in support of the suit of prohibition against Judge Underwood. H. B. Guizon, Esq., who represents Jeter Philips, released from sentenco of death for wife murder by Jndse Underwood's decision, was in court but made uo argument against the snit. EUROPE. THE CONSERVATIVE:? TN PARLIAMENT - A NEW T LEADER. LONDON, February 10.-The Conservatives are making preparations to carry on a vigorous opposition in Parliament. Lord Cairns will rc r placo the Earl of Malmesbury as iheir leader in the House of Lords. REMODELLING THE SPANISH NAVY. I MADRID, February 10.-Admiral Topete, Minister of Mariae, has issued general orders for thc remodelling of the Spanish Navy. MADRID, February 12.-The city ia profusely ornsmented in honor of the assembling of the Coitos. Serano delivered a congratulatory address. FAVORABLE ACTION OF THE GREEK GOVERN? MENT -THE PAKIS PEE SS INDIGNANT AT AN ASSERTION OF BISMARCK'S ORGAN. PARIS, February 10.-Count Walewski has lett Athens on his return to this city. Ho is bearer of a satisfactory reply from the Greek Government on all points to the proposals of the Paris Conference. The press of this city cony with much indig? nation tbe trutli of tho assertion made by Bismarcks organ in Berlin, to the eflect that they have been bribed l>y thc Prussian Gov? ernment. CUBAN JLFJFAZRS. ATTEMPT TO BLOW CP FORT PH UNTER-THE PLANTERS AND MERCHANTS ASSISTING THE GOVERNMENT. HAVANA, February H.-A person painted black climbed tho outer wall of Fort Prunter for the pnrposo of exploding tho powder maga? zine. He was slightly wounded by the senti? nel. The planters havo held a meeting and passed resolutions guaranteeing a $9,000,000 loan, with ouc-tentb of their property. Tbe merchants had a meeting to-night for the pur? pose of raising money to aid tho government. DREADFUL STEAMBOAT DISASTER. NEW ORLEANS, * February 12.-A dispatch from Jefferson to-day reports the burning of the steamboat Mattie Stevens in Caddo Lake, Red River, last night at midnight. Sixty-three lives were lost; tho survivors, fortj-tbrea in number, were taken to Jefferson on the steamer Dixie. Boat and cargo total loss. FR03ITHE STATE CAPITAL. Les ir and the Militia Bill-A Novel Pro? cedure-Tho Savannah and charles? ton Railroad Bill-Tbe Opinion of thc Attorney 'General -i hereon-Its Early . Passage Probable. [FBOSI OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT. J COLUMBIA, S. C., February ll.-The Militia bill came up again before tho Sonate to-day. The original bill has been committed, recom? mitted and referred so mau; ti mea as to almost lose tin identity. It waa passed by the House at tbe special session, sent to the Senate, re? ceived its first reading, and then quietly laid over until tho regular session. Tj-day it w as taken up for the fourth timo with the report of the committee. S wails, chairman of the Committee on tko Military, nra Jo an able and vigorous speech m favor of the immediate pasaago of the bill1 but some friends of the measure were ont "eating groundnuts" just when the matter carno np, so Mr. Leslie obtainoi the floor, and and gradually growing wanner and moro earn? est as be ?moke, produced sncb an effect on some lukewarm senators as to be able to crry bis point by a majority of one vote. He de? scribed the affair as a big job to bo pressed through for the purpose of giving a few in? dividuals fino uniforms, brays buttons, big cocked hats, spurs, white horses, and big sala? ries to pay electioneering expenses. But ho warned Republican senaters that it would bo the most powerful weapon that could bo used to defeat the Republican party, and that muster day, with a little whiskey, would afford a splendid opportunity for tho Democrats to test the merits of their Winchester eigktoen shooters. Ho moved that the bill bo referred to a fcpcc.al committee of one, consisting of t:ic senator 'rom Barnwell, wi'h instructions to report a substitute, and tbat the samo be made thc special order for Tuesday next. Swails ro^o to a point of order and desired thu decision of the president on tho question Whether, as against all parliamentary prac? tice, a bill could bo referred to a member who was opposed to it in toto, us in the cass of thc senator from Barnwell. At thc request of thu senator from Williamsburg, tho ruh! relativo tu the question as laid down in Jefferson's Mauual, puge SM, was read by the clerk. The president decided tbat, as a question of parliamentary law, it had no direct application in tbia case. Tue senator from Barnwell bad oxpre aed himself not wholly opposed to tue bili, but simply to some of its features. After Eomc attempts at "filibustering," Les? lie's motion pie vailed. On motion of Mr. Leslie, it waa Resolved, That tbe message of his Excel? lency the Governor, No. 32, and the bill there? in referred to, be referred to tho Judiciary Committee, to report whether the bill had or had not become a law by reason of its non-re? turn to the Senate by* his Excellency within the time prescribed by the constitution with bia approval or disapproval, and that they rc pori on Tuesday next, and that their report, bill and communication or message, bo mad J tho special order for that day at one P. kt IN THE HOUSE, Sasportas, from tir? Commit? tee on Engrossed Acts, reported as duly and correctly engrossed for a tbhd reading a bili to amend uu act entitled "An act to regulate the maimer of keeping and disbursing funds by certain officers." The bill "waa taken np, read tho ihird time, passed and ordered to bu sent to thc Senate.' CD. Hayuoiutroduted tho followingrceo lution, which waa adopted: Resolv.d. Thal; the Committee on the Judi? ciary is hereby requested to roport, aa carlv aa practicable ou a bul referred to them to pun?8ii persona violating Section 3 of Articlo XVI of tho ameiidiucut lo tho Oonstiictioa. oithe Uuit.d States. 'Tho Speaker announced the following named members as tho eomnmteo of fvo .rom ouch Congressional District to consider tho bdl aud substitute to establish a Buard ol Commission era of Public Lauds, viz: First District-Feriter and Lang. Second District - Smalla and Jervey. Third District-L. Cam and Henderson. Fourth District-Neaglj and McDaniel. Elliott then reported favorably ou a concur? rent resolution relativo io the appointment of o joint committee lo consider aud roport ?poa the preaeut railroad systoui ot the State. On motion of Mr. Aimhusoa, the report was laid on the table to .nke up thc concurrent re? solution. The resolution waa taken up, adopted, and ordered to bo sent to the Senate for concur? rence. Adjourned. Tno early paa?agc of tho Savannah and Charleston Railroad bill, and its promp: ap? proval by the Governor, is nov? confidently sn ticipated by the friends of flat important mea? sure. None of the objections urged by the Governor in tho case of thc Greenville and Co? lumbia Railroad bill apply to this bill. In? deed, its leading features are said to have ori? ginated with the Governor himself. The fol? lowing is the opinion of Attorney-General Chamberlain in regard to tho bill; OFFICE OF THE ATTOBNEX-GEVERAL, j COLUMBIA, S. C., February 6, 1869. j R. B. Elliott, Chairman Committee on Rail roads, House oj Representatives : LEAR SIR-I have the honor to submit my opinion, as called for b.v your communication of tho 3d instant. In 1856 tho State authorized the Comptroller-General to endorse tho gr-ar autee of the Stato upou bonds of tho Charles? ton and Savannah Railroad Company to an amount not exceeding five thousand dollars per mile. The third section of tho act provides that as soon as any such bond? shall have been en? dorsed, as aforesaid, they shall constitnlo a lien upon road-bed and stock and equipment of the road, and the Slate of South Caioiiua shall be invested with said hon or mortgage for the payment of said bonds, with interest thereon. The provisions ot the act were complied with, tue bonds of tho company issued, and the guarantee of the State endorsed thereon. Subsequently the company issued other bonds, and to secure them executed a first mortgage deed, which was thus the secon 1 lien on the road and property of the company. Again, in April, 1861, the company issued other bonds, and secured them by a" second mortgage deed, in roalitv the third lieu. In February, 18C7, the bondholders under tho first mortgago deed foreclosed their mortgage and sold tho property. It was pure m sod by the bondholders under first mortgage deed, who were subsequently incorporated as the Savannah and Charleston Railroad Company. lt is assumed that the proceedings in tore closure were regular aud legal, and that ail proper parties were made. If this is correct, then, by the sale and pur? chase, the ?Savannah and charleston Raihoid Company took the property of the Charleston and Savannah Railroad Company free from all lien or incuoibrances, except thc statutory lien or mortgage to tho Stato to secure it against its (?uarun.ee of the bonds. The Savannah and Charleston Railroad Com? pany have now memorialized the Legislature for permission to issuo new bonds for the com? pletion of thc road, and for the postponement by thc State of its statutory lien on tho road, so that thc same shall work hereafter as a second in lieu of a first lien. The question submitted to mc for considera? tion is: Can the State logally effect such post? ponement of its lion without tho assent of tho imrtics holding the bonds guaranteed tv Hie State'? Tho statutory lieu which tho Stace holds is its indemnity against tho liability incurred. The contract of iudeinmfy is one made be? tween tho State-tho surety and thc debtor the corporation; and it is clenr that thoso who are competent to roako a contract arc compe? tent, bj mutual consent, to altei or vary thc terms of it. Conceding tho equitable doctrine which al? lows the creditor to bc subr?gale.! to, and to avail himself of, all tho securities held by the e. rety, (Dearing vs. Karl of Winchelsea; Lead? ing Coses in Equity, 87; Wright vs. Murley, ll Wesey, 21; the doctrine goes no further than to entitle the creditor lo tho benefit of thc se? curities which tho surety holds. It is an equity growing ont of the relation of tho parties, not a right derived from contract. But the contract for indemnity is a contract between the surety and the debtor, to which they 3lone are parties; and ?ts tho surety is tho party to be protected, it is for bim alone to de? cide upon thi terms and measures of his in? demnity. Althoueh tho creditor may derive benefit from the indemnity, it is only inciden? tally, and through tho Murjty. that be derivos it. Hy cannot stipulate for himself or his in? terests, but must accept that winch tho surety has accepted as a sufficient identity. Ho is en? titled, in a word, to thc securities which the surety holds, but not to determine what those securities shall be. Any other construction would make the indemnity of tho surety de? pend, not upon bia own jmlgtnonfc or ilia own contract, but upon thc assent of one (the credi? tor) who was net a party to the contract. The considerations above stated become much stronger when applied to a State. To aid a work ot great public utility, tho Stato indorses tho bonds of thc corporation. To secure the bondholder, she pledges tho faith and credit ol the State for tho punctual pay? ment of the bond. Thc indorsement of tho State is tho security, upon the faith of which the bond is taken. To secure herself from loss b7 the indorse? ment, the State imposes a statutory lien upon tho property of the corporation. But it is compoteut for tho State, with tho usscnt of the corporation, lo alter tho terms of tho con? tract; or it may repeal altogether the kw creating the lion. Tne considerations o I policy under which tho lion waa enactol may bavo ceased to exist. A due rogaid to the public benefit, tho protection of tho State and tho interest ot the corporation may require that the law onactmg tho lien should bo repealed. These arc matters of pnblic policy, and thc consideration aud determination ot thom bo? long soloiy to . the Legislature, and. it they deem it proper, the law crcatiug the lien may bo repealed or modified. Tho only limitation imposed upon the power of tho L?gislature to repeal existing laws is that the repeal shall not divest vested rights, and shall not impair the obligation of tho contract. Docs tho postponement of tho lien in this case do either? As ha? been already stated, the creditor has no vested right in tho security which the sure? ty bolds. Ho has merely au equity to be snb rbgatcd to them if they exist and aa they exist: and a chango of security which tho surety re? gards ay beneficial and affording additional indemnity cannot, in a y sen^o. bo ri garded ns impairing tiny right winch tho creditor bas; Mid still lose eau it bu considered a vested right. Neither does a postponement impair tho ob? ligation of the contract; tor tho only contract, o, the bondholder is in tho bond, and the obli? gation of that is not impaired, but ?3 recog i:izcd. and additional protection is sought lo bo given to it. ibo pract.ee of tho Stale has also boen in coniformuy to the views hore expressed. In 1835, when guaranteeing the bonds of the Louisville and Cincinnati Railroad Company, the Slate imposed a statutory mortgago a's uu doflinity, and to that lieu postponed ali other debts which the company then owed. And when, iu 1865, the State authorized thc Charleston and Savannah Railroad company to issue new bonds for the repair a-i? con? struction of tho road, sho postponed her hen,, and made it a second incambranc?, aud this without the assent of the bondholders being required. My opinion is that tho State has tho right to postpone her hen and subordinate it io tho mortgage to be executed to secure the bonds authorized by thu act now proposed by t ho present Lee isla tn re. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. H. .'.'HAMBEULAIN, Attorney-Genera!. Charleston, S. C., February 5, 18G9. THE RAGE FOR BLONDE BAIR at thc New York theatre, having elicited somo invidious com? ments from thc critic ol'tho Herald, tho blondo whoisjusc now the leading lady at Ni bio's, comes out in thc following tart card : " !>IELO's GARDEN, February 3,15?9. "Tb tht'Editor of the lltrald,: \ '.I am really ashamed lo trouble you on a subject to very oniinportact us my ha i-, but for tue longthv urtido that appeared in tho Herald o?' Sandi? last, in which my numj is brought vory conspicuous!' forward-excuso mo ;i I am wrong-ns a cloak io givo some critic a. somewhat spiteful opportunity of coc frasting real with imaginary'blondes.' Nov;, as I some timo ago foll compelled to toll thc public, through thc press, l^nt my hair was noe brought to its present hue by any ailificial means, but that I w;:s boru" a blojdo und blondo I will 'die,' it stoma strange that thc writer ol tho article in question should oe ig? norant of that fact, as it iiuud publicity in sev? eral New York papers ; therefore, it impugns my veracity, and on that ground al mo 1 be,; to trouble you with this lotter, which I trust you w.-il kindJy.publiah. I am quito willing lo sub? mit my head, with its -lawny' colored and of? fending crop, to be analyzed, if such a process can he effected ; and. as your critic facetiously inters that I have little elie either inside or outside my head bu; my hair. I don't imagine that any chemical process can do me much harm At any rate, as my bair Boems to form one of m v chiei at ti actions, its co or and legiti? macy must be protected by your most, obedient strv?tut, LYDLA THOMPSON." THE HOMESTEAD^ LAW. Opinion of Judge Carpenter Dec it to bc Unconstitutional. The following is the full text of tho opinion of tho Hon. It. B. Carpenter, Ju the First Circuit, in which he decid Homestead law of this State to be unco tional : Joseph Purcell, for the use of C. B. Korth i)r. Janies E. WhaUy. On the 27th day of May, 1837. the plaintiff ol a judgment by c?nfeEBlon against the defend $3,308 70, wit.] interest from the day of its rei at twelve per cent per annum, and costs nf ai the fame day a writ of fieri facias was lodged office of the Sheriff ot Charleston bounty (tb met). On the 8th day of J-mc, 18C7. Purcell ed the said judgment to C. B. Northrop for a ble consideration. After delay, arising from not necessary to be hore staled, tnt) sheriff, and by virtue cf 'aid writ, levied upon the | hon of the defendant, containing about foui dred acres of tend, iud advertised the name fe j The defendant gave notice to t JO abe iff. in w I that he claimed a homestead under the at General Assembly, passed the9th day ot ?sept? 1-08. Ihecaie is now beforo tills court, upi motion of tho plainUff, io order the sheriff t coed to ?ell the prcperty leviad T.r.>n, without ence to the pru vitrions of tho act above m en tl o Section 20, Articl- 1. (Constitution of >t South Carolina.) provided that "a reasonable ai of property as a homestead shill be exeu pied deizun- or saie far the payment of any debts bilities. except tor the p lym^nt of such obllg: as ari provided for in this ronst?tution." Section 32, Article 2, provides that "Ibo ? homestead of the head of each rainby resid? tbiR State, Bach homestead i-onsistlng ol dw house, outbuildings and lands ai pu:tenant, exceed the value of one thousand dollar:) and 3 product thereof, shall be exempt from attach levy orsale, on ony mesno or final procoas 1 fjom auy court." By the panic section, it ls "tho duty of tho General Assembly to enforc provsions nf this seodon by suitable, legislation In tbe act ot the General Assemblv, before red to, Section 1 provides that "wbouever thc estate of any head of a family, residing in this : shall bo levied upon hy virtue of any ruesne or process, issueo Irom auy court upon any judg obtained upon any right of ueUon, whether ar previous 0.' subsequent to the ratification ol constitution of the >ure ot' -011th carolina, 1 san e be too family h^ms>teod of such person sheriff or other o'heer executing paid process, cause a homestead, Puch as tue said person .cleet. 11 >t to exceed thu value ut' $1000, to be a to end per-on." The Bingle question tn this cse ts, aro the p sions of tho constitution and the act of tho Gel Assembly, above cited, within thc provisions 0 clause of tho tenth section of the first a< dele <>i Constitution of the United Stale* which orohib Mate irom passing a law impairing the obligatio contract"? I'ho difficulty in determining this question He ascortiuinc where tho line ot dem ireutiou exist? t .veen the acts ot tho Legislature, which affect remedy ouly, and tho-e which, un'er too oreti of affecting the remedy, do impair the obligatio the contraoL It has never been doubted 1 hat I cgislature bas the authority to puss such gos tara in regard to remedies as may room moat mane and wise, where tho rh tracter and amoui thc exemption do not substantially interfere 1 thc contract itself. Thc onl/ questioa is, does legislative act overstep that bound, and under guise of legislation upon the remedy, attack and pole thc obligation Itself? In considering tba case before me, two q lions present theruselvc- : First What is meant by tho term "obligatio: contract," us used <n tbe constitution; and seco ly. wnat constitutes an impairment ot tint obi tion ? Tho highest legal authoriti s have answered b questions A contract is an agreement ta do or tu do a particular fblng specified th< rein, and its igatioa is that which binds the promis >r to ] form til? agreement. It ls nit. th 1 promise of m'rc dary, but it is the remedy which the law gi against the defau ting party. 1 Ins provi-ioa ot t' e constitution was inserto compel the several sta'es to maintain the mtegi and secure tho faithtul elocution of contn throughout the Union. The framers of that instrument bid before th in thc legislation of th? state, anterior to tho ad tion uf thc consumion, ample exemplflcation? the evils incident to the impairment of these o g?tions. Under the pressure ni th? straggle for dependence, many of the States had passed lt prejudicial to private rights. Bv some ot them payment ol debts was suspended. In others, de were authorized to be paid by instalment* in vit tion of the contracts. Property, real und persot might be tendered by the debtor In payment of o' ligation, and the creditor W'is compelled to ti such property at an exorbitant anpraiseme such legislation produced its natural results i system of fraud wuieii destroyed all public coi deuce, and crippled all private industrial eoterpn raf * as I am advised, however, even those sta new had die tcmentv to utterly abrogate the ci tract, although they did un puk it by annulling 1 remedy. Now, tlic right and the remedy arc so Intiman connected, that tho destruction ol' tho former the impdrmentof thc l itter; the constt.ution.il p vi.-icm was designed lo protect bo h. In the li guage ot thc Supreme Court of tbe United sta: "It would ill b. oomo this coart under these circu stances to depart fro.n the plum meaning of 1 words used, and sanction a distinction between I right end .remedy, which would render thia p vision illusory aod uuzatory-mcro words of lor alor, dug no protection and producing no pro elli result." In thc present case, upon the rendition of t judgment, a lieu was vested lu the plaintiff, whei by be was to receive from the real estate of the < fendaut the amount of said judgment. This u questionably was a lc,-al rignt. At the time . judgment was rendered, and the lien became veste ibero was no law in south Carolina vhich exempt any portion of the defendant's land from sala und that execution, i 'emla tho cons*iiu:ional . onve non or the General Assembly enact a 1 w. ai er t rendition of ibis judgment, which divested tl plaintiff of Ids nnht ia ibis land without imparit tho obligation of the contra:) ? "To deny any remedy under a contract, or I burdening the rem -dv with new conditions and r strictions to make it rae ess, or hardly Worth purs inc, is equally a vhlatijj oi thc constitution." Kent, Com. 119.) "Ic seems tomo that looking at. a contract legal and practically, as au instrument by wu ch rights property aro cleated, and ou winch they repos obligations and leraedy are strictly c .invert b tenus, luke away tho whole remedy sud it is ai milted thc co: tract is gone Ard ir i-eenia lo mo tl only logical rule tu hold, that ?fay legislation whk materially'?iuiuif-hes ihc tera-dy given by tho la to the c edi.or at ibo lime Ids co jtruct is made, ju so f r impairs the obligation of the couiiact. ??oJgwick.'stat and Common Liw. Coi ) Judge Pars,IDS, in his work upon Contracts says "i'butau exemption 01"propony irom attachment (b whieu is meant levy, o.- a subjection of it to asm law, or appraisement law. imp d' s thc 1 bligatlon of co .tract." tie a id : "Such a statu:0 eau be enforce unly as to contracts modo subsequently to the law. '.Under the.-e cises ic has at Icnsib. become dt Pnite v settled that a State hiv which i npairs th obliga ti its of a contract, whether that contract b lound n: tho cx.jre-s terms aud conditions of th written tontiacl oetwecn the par ies, or is engraflei upon the contract Ly thc law of th - land, as ic exisi cd ut tbs time tho contra t was mad?, is within thi proaitiitiug clause ot the redcral CouBtitutim, a woll also as all laws UHUM or nominally directed t tba rcoedy. ?heu they so effect the remedy as to im pair tho right itscll." (Smith's Cum. 011 fctat. am Const Con., 395.J Judge Stor >?, in his g -cat work on the constitution remarks: ' But. gem rally speaking, when we spcal of tbe obligation of u contract, we include in the ide; some known means acknowledged ly the uiunicipa law to euforcc it. "Where all sueh mein? arc dcuied (he obligition of u rou rael is understood to bc tnt ?paired, though it may not becompl.tely anni' ilated ' An act ot the Legislature of Vermont, releasing ihi body of a debtor irom imp isonincnt, and direetlni tbat the bond which he had given to the sheriff foi the prison liberties, ai?d which the stieriff bad ag. ass ene : M lue credi.or. sh .uki do discharged, wa? hold by the Supremo Court ot that State co be void. (11 hit. Hep., M7.) ntatutc? of 'impatiens which do not allow a rca souable tim/allertucii passaic tor ibo? miiencc meut of suits cn ' xisttug cuises 01 action are un cun-Ututioaai. (Cai! vs. Ui'ggor S Mass. 430; Pro? prietors of tho Keuu-bec l'd.cha-e va. Labunei, 2 Grteu, 291; Ulacluor? vs. Pvliicr, 1 L'l. clcto.d Ben. 36.),, A ptatii'optascd .iftcr a contract ruado extending ll:o t me of r pie vin 00 ajwUraient renJ -r ii ou SICH contract, is .o'd. (McK'c.iey vs Carroll, 6 Mowr. 93; Crayuou v. L I y, 7 Atowr. ll; Lapsley va Bras IICUIB, 1 li L K!; ?I?lrTS. Wiliiu . s. 4 Ult 31.) AhUluteoi Kentucky directing nam under dc cnein chancery en a locg-T ondit than ot Uta date ot tho co.-itract, was deolan tl by che Ap 'dilate ours of that, .-ta e to ho vcid. (January vs. January, 7 Mowr, ?j il ) I The statue of le-li in Kow ?orlt exempting orialn i property irom salo oa 1 x teat is auttotudtttUoaiil I ia re'atio.i to 1 xocu.iona iss'ic 1 on ju 'gimmes ren? ders i prior io it* pasisye. (D.mks vs. Quack ubU9h, 3 Deuio, G.U. 'lhc i.cgis.ttturc cati pass noliw iut?rfcrini with vesud right--, or tansiec them to tut thor against the owner's con-ent. (8 bmeder & Marshall, Mis; Kip., 9.) In the SUto vs. Carew, Chief 'udtce Dunkin in a learned and oxhtaa'.ivo opiuiou decided that thc suv law of .-ouch Carolina was iinconsticutional.on the ground tbat it impaire I thc ob.iga.101s 01 the con? tract, una ail the cbaaoeUcn uud judges oucuircd willi aeimde ex vu; 10 . In 0: d u vs. saned x?, 12ih Wheato:), p. 213. the cou. : said: "tho obligation of a eon.race as r-p ikon of in tho coasiiluiu-n, is a leg J and not a mere moral obligation, lc is the Ww whieh binds the party to pertoim his un to laking. T 0 oohgaiiou docs na: iubero or subi: : i 1 tbe contract ?t?eJi propria vigore, but. iu tho law apo- cab e to the eon iruel; auu ibis Ja v 1* jot the untversai jaw of na? tions, but ii is Lie luw cf the t>fc*td wheic the con? tract is m.do. Any law which enlarge', abridges, or in any mamor cumges tho intention of thc parlies, remiting from the stipulation in the con? tract, necessarily impairs it" Airain, in the same case, it was said the great prin? ciple intended to be established by the conslituMon, was the inviolability of the obligation of contracts, as the obligation existed and was recognized by tho laws in force a' tbe time tbc contracts wero made. Whether the law professes to apply to the contract itself, or to regulate the remedy, it la equally within tho true meaning of the constitution, if lt In effect Impairs the obligation of exUttng contracts. In Oreen vs. J iddle, 8th Wheaton, 331, the court ?aid: ' A riebt to lend im ludes the right to enter apon it, and to recover possession where withheld. N ot tine, could be more clear upon principles af law and reason than that a law whteh denies to the owner of land a remedy to recover possession of lt when withheld by any person, or clogs his recovery of it by restriction? or conditions tending to di? minish the value of the thing recovered, impairs his right to an interest in tho property. If the reu edy afforded bc qualified and restrained hy conditions ot any kind, tbe right of ihe owner may indee > subsist, but il is impaired and rund er o J Insecure arcot ding to tho nature and e> tent ot such restrictions." lu Bronson vs. Kitzie, 1st Howard, 311, the vene? rable Ohlei Justice Tanev said : " Wnatover belongs merely to the remedy may be altered according to tbe will of the -tate, provided th* alteration does not impair the obligation of the contract. But if that effect is produced, ids Immaterial whether it is done hy acting on tue remedy, or directly on the contract itself. In either case lt is prohibited by the consti? tution. * * It is manifest that the obliga? tion ol a contract, ana tho netta of a party under it may. in effect, ba destroyed by denying a remedy altogether, or may be seriously impaired by burden? ing the proceedings with new conditions and re? strictions, so as to make tho remedy hardly worth pursuing." * * * * . citing Mr. Justice Blackstone: "The remedial parr of the law is so necessary a consequence of the de? claratory and dir-. c;ory parts, that laws mast be very vague and imperfect ? lthout it, for in vain would rights be declared-in vain directed tobe observed, ir there wero no methol of recov.-ring and asserting those rights." ? . * . * "It is that pat t of the municipal law," resumes tho Cine Jus? tice, "which protects the right, and the obligation by wbicb lt enforces and maintains lt. It is this pro? tection which the clause iu the conslitu ion now in question mainly intended to secure, and it would be unjust to the ni' mory of tbe distinguished men wbo fama J il, to suppose it was designed to protect a mere barren and abstract right without any practical operation upon the business of lila," Ia mccracken va. Hayward, 2d Howatd, 009, tho Supremo Court said : "Ibo obligation of a contract consists in its binding force on the parties wbo make it This depends on tho laws in existence when it is made. Three ure necessarily referred io In all coiit acta, and torm a part of thom, aa offer! g ihe measure of obligation to perform them by one party, and the right acquired by the other, l here can i'o no othor standard ny which ' lo understand the extent of either, than tnat which tbe terms of the contract ii.dtrute, according to their legal settled meaning. When it becomes consummated the law duanes tue duty, and tho right compels one party to perform thu thing contra"iel for, and gives tba other the right to enforce the performance bj Hie remeiiet then in force. If any subsequent law affect or diminish the du'y, or impair tho ri^ht. it necessarily bears on tho obd gi ?io a of the contract in favor of one party to thc in? jury ot ttio other. Hence any law winch, in its ope? ration, amounis to a denial er obstruction of tho tights acci tiing by a contract, tboagh professing to act only on ihe it mody, ia dir elly obnoxious to the prohibition nf the constitution 1 his principle is so clearly stated and fully settled In Bronson VR. Kin zie, that nothing remains to be added to the reason? ing of tbe court, or requires a roi'ereuco to any other authority than ls therein rc lc ri ed to. Alluding to the case then under cons doralion, the court said: "1 he obliga lon nf tne contract between thc parties iu ibis caso was to oarform the promises and under taxing contimed therein. Th- rigbi of the plaintiff was to damages for tLo breach thereof, to brine snit and obtain judgment, and lo take out and prosecute an oxecutionagainst tbe'defendant il 1 tho judgment was satisfied pursuant to the existing laws of Illinois. The.-o laws giving theso rights were so perfectly binding on ne di-fondant and as such a part of thc c ntraot, as if tbe> hal been set forth in its stipula? tions lu tho very words ot the law relating to judg? ments and executions. * * * * Any subsequent law which denies, obstructs or Im? pairs this right by suporaddlng tie condition ot tho ?ale. affects the ob ligation of the contract, for it can only be enforced by the sale of the defendant's property. Prevention of such sale ls the denial ot tberhrht * * * * Tho Mme power in a Stat? legislature may bs carried to any extent, if it exist* at all. It' tbe power can be exer? cised to unv extent, its exorcise must be a matter of unt ontrollable discretion in passing laws-relating to tor ro ' cdv wjiob aro regardless ol theeffect on the right of ibo plaintiff." In curran vs. tho State of Arkansas, lSlh How? ard, 319, tbe Ba me court says: "Ono of the tests tba: a contract has been impaired, is tint Its value has. by legislen iou, oecn dim Dished. It ls not by thu prohibition ef ti- constitution to be Impaired at a i xiiis ls not a question of degree or manner, or canas, but of encroaching in any respect on Its obdgat on, and alspenalng with uny port of its force." * * * * * Mr. Justice Curtis in tno raine case says: "It by no means follows Leeanne a law affects only the remedy tint lt does not impair tho o..ligation of a contract Tho obligation oi the C nt met in the sense in which these words are U3cd rn the co..miration in that duty ot pertonning it which ?B re oen'z d and enforced bv tho laws: and a if the law is so changed that the moans of enforcing ' this duty are materially impaired, the obligation ot tbe contract no longer remains the same." Judge Woodbury, of tue Supreme Court, bef rq which .his subjo:t came under consideration, in 'he case of the Pl au.er.-/LS .mk vs. Sharp.Oth Howard, 327, sail : '-When every form ot redress on a contract i. taken away, lt will be difficult to seo Low tho obliga? tion of it is not impaired. * * * And if in prc fessing to tutor tho remedy only tho duties and rigms of a contract itself arc changed or impaired, lt comes just as much w.tbin tlio spirit of the cousti tu.ional prohibition. Thus, if a remedy is taken away entirely ns hero, or clogged by a condition of any kind, tho right of the owner may indeed sublist, and bo acknowledged, but it is impaired." In the casu of .lawtborno vs. Calif. 2d Wallace, 10, thc same court, by Mr. Justice N. hon, recognized and re-affirmed thc principles decided lu Bronson vs. Kinzle, and the 'evora! suusequeut oases of that class. Ho held that tho acts tuen under c .nsidera tiou so expressly affected tito remedy of tbe mort? gagee as to impair the obligation ot thc mortgage cuutractwr.bin the majiiingof thc constitution, und declared tbem void. Thc d?cisions o;' tho Courts of tho a - veril States are some<vhatoonflicting upon this qn-s ton, but the majority aro in accordance with tho rulings of thc Miprcmc court above cited. 'J he decisions of the lauer tribunal alone are bi ding upon thia court, and it is in uer ord met with them that tho decision iu this ca-o must bc made. In the case ol Ur asea vi. Kinzie thc decision was apon a statute ol It'.tuiis, passed altor the ex cation of the mortgage, which lorlud tte salo of any mort? gaged prop ;rty lu that state unless U braucht (wo? rn ids oi its appraised value. Tbe case of Mc Cr..ceu va. Ka,wa d decided thut a statute ot Illiuuis, which provided that property lev,ed on ui.d r an execution a ould not bo sold un cs two ihicds of itu value was bid thcrelor, was void. ibo tacts in this oaeo show tin: tno judgment was r? .dc-ed more than a year bulare Ibo possitgo of ibe Homes eau law; that thc ouly real esiateo-vued ny lbj defendant is tho tract of land containing about tour buudred acres lovici on; that at sharia's sale it whl not sell for moro than tweuty-foui hundred dol? lars, a thougb its real value for p anting purposes is between four and five thousand dollars. i he judgment waa by law a vested right, a lion, a cont.act. Had tho S'ute the constitutional power to nlvest the plaintiff of his lights and vost them in tbe defendant? Upon thc principles involved in this case, there is no differonca be.we-n Hens by mirtgage and by judgment. Tbe former aro specific, the .atter gene? ral, but both uro v-'8tcd, leged rights, entitling thc h .-ld -rs to a sale of the prop*, ty, or so much tbereuf as will ba sufficient to sitisty thc demand. In my judgment, SJ much of the act ot tho G?n?? ral Assembly as exempts any portion of tho iand levie d ou fruin Mle under thai execution, i? in con? flict with the Constitution of tte Cai.ol states, and void. lt is therefore ordered that the sheriff proceed to eeil the prop itv levied upon and auvc.nl-ed tor sale io luis case, without rcgaid io the proviaious-oi the law in relation to thc h mes can pa-ae . since the r^ndi.ion O'tho judgment, and that te execute ihe procAJf of the c.uni:, o ifoci.ig the judgment ac 'Ord? ing to tho remedy exi ting at tho t.mb of ihe loudi iio? of <hu judgment und tte making of thu con? tract bitweon tho parties. lt. U. i'AKi-EMTxn, Circuit Judge. January 29, j 863. AlWAJJiS liV THE STA TE. Chester. Wc r.re pleased to learn that I>r. El; Corri? wail bad boen commissioned as a m in?strate fur (Jbcstcr iti.iumj by G.ivoruor Scot. We ru . rot lo karu tho death of ?lr. Lewis H. Gill, on Tuesday, tho Hecund institut. Ho was buried ut Jb'is iinji Creek Chunca with M-i eotiic honors by Basoomvilib Lut'ga. John S. Dickey, a vary luUslJigout ancl pro? mising bov, about ?.x years of age, was nerd* douta.iy drowned in a, branch on j?isbing Ocock, uo r thu dwelling ol Mr. John Dickey, ?Sr., on thc third instant. liemhaw. Tho Camden Journal cays : "On Tuesday night last two colored prisoners couSnod iu tho jail of thia district, charged with horse steal? ing, made thou- escapa. Wc understand thut when the jailor went, lo Rive thom their sup? per, ho was solzed and held by ono while the other weut down the stairs, aud forcing tho leek, opened thc; door, wtiea tho other released mo julur and soon gained tho street. The sheriff offers a reward of .nf ty dollars lor their apprehension." -The enormous capital of Trini ty Church, in New York, of which tho annual lucomo is $300.000, has never jet paid a dollar's tax to tho government. . ON rwy. WINO. More ??oat Stealing -Society Hill-Past and Present -Busines? Firms-Rail? roads-The Bridge-Pri?e of band '.Contracts" for the Present Tear - Rates of Wages-Prospects. [FBOM OUB OWN COBBESPOHDEHT.] SOCIETY IfrrxV'February, 1869.-On my way from DarkngioT? tbr Society Hill, I waa con? versing with/risfflwart yeoman, who gloried in his independence' of tbe. negro. He, his wife and h?3 children, work in tho held, and tho past year had made a good crop, both of corn and of cotton. The-great trouble now was to keep it from being stolon. Ho told ma that some time aero, ob?rai: -BtX mil-a from Darling? ton village, a band of negroes attacked a house, shot promiscuounfyr?ad jut nine ball holes through a lady's dress banging against a wall. One bullet carno very - near - k il li og a child. ? few nights before they had; taken Mr.-'a fattening hogs; then they came again, and car? ried off his milch cow, and now they stormed tue house. People living at a distance from the centres of population find it difficult to protect themselves against these outlaws, who go around in gangs of ten, fifteen or more. They kill stock, steal cotton, in short carry things with a high band generally.. A part; of these romantic revellers has been known to pick clean from six to eight acres of cotton cn a single moondi gb t night. Tho c?fficuJ ty of guarding against these nocturnal marauders will be better appreciated wben it is remem? bered that honest and industrious people who. work hard the live long day, and day after day, are fatigued when night comes, are apt to sleep soundly, while these robbers, hke the boasts of prey, lie close all day, and go forth to plunder at night. By way of showing menrhat can be done by hard-working white men, my informant told mo of one of his neighbors who, with his little son, last year made tbirteen bales of cotton, all planted and cultivated by themselves alone, in picking season he hired a few hands to holp get it out. I have heard of several such in? stances, aud may, porhaps, recur, to the sub? ject again in the course of these lettors. Socioty Hill, on tbe lino of the Oheraw and Darlington Railroad, about one hundred and twenty-five miles from Charleston, is ono of tho oldest and best known settlements in the east? ern port of the State. For moro than half a century it was the centre of wealth, intelligence and refinement. In fact, I think L risk nothing m saying tbat the society there was more e'egant during all that period than in any place in th? State outside of Charleston or Columbia. Enjoying a high and healthy loca? tion, a dry, sandy sod, second tor salubrity to no other spot in South Carolina, tho wealthy planters of tho Upper Peedeo hore at first spent their summers, and then fixed their per? manent abode here. Many are the names, high and distinguished in tho annals of tho State, that Lave reflected honor on Society Hill. The late J. J. Evana, Jor years an honored judge of this Stat?, and afterwards United States Senator, made this bis home, and here several of bis sons now re? side. The venerable Dr. Thomas Sdith, still among tbe living, has shed lustto for many years on this small portion of his native State. The names of Gregg. Williams, Witherspoon, Wilson, McIntosh, and others, who have lived and died here, are known and honored in dis? tant parts of tho State. It was here also that General John McQueen died two years ago, after having spent many of his best years in tbe service of the State, and earned honor and glory for himself in thc councils of tho nation, i mast not omit mentioning the venerable bro? thers Coker, tho oldest merchants in tbe Pee? dee country, distinguished no Jess for their honor and integrity than for their industry and other sterling business qualities, j ino viliago hos receive*! some valuable ac? cessions since tho war, foremost among whom I would mention Major B. D. Townsend, a narnu well known through the length and breadth of the ?State, ?md far beyond her bor? ders. Major T., lato President of tho Bank of Georgetown, after v. rds President ot the Ohe? raw and Coalfields Railroad, and now Presi? dent of tho Cheraw and Salisbury Railroad, has latterly in a great measuro withdrawn from public Ufo, and is now pursuing tho even tenor of his way as a planter of cotton, corn and po? tatoes-in my opinion, a most sensible pro? ceeding 0.1 his part. Tbe merchants of Socioty Hill are as follows: Messrs. C. Coker & Brother, A. Smoot, W. A. Carrigan, T. A. Gandy, Theo. Soinpayrac. John Douglas, Mr. Wicker, together with a few others. There are two physicians here, who appear to do a good practice-Dr. S. II. Press ley and Dr. P. ?. GriUn. Lawyers there are none here, but I am told that there is a good opening here for one. There are two churches herc-the Baptist, Rev. Slr. Rico, pastor, and tho Episcopal, Rev. Mr. Hay, rector. The planters residing in Society Hill nave formed a planters' club, which meets monthly, for the discussion ol topics interesting to t'ai mers, <&c. For years the Peedee Bivor was the onlv moans Society Hill bad of communicating witt Charleston, and this was slow and un coi tain, I and sometimes, in seasons of low water, alto? gether impracticable. In good time the North? eastern Railroad was built, and so also its con? tinuation,the oheraw and Darlington Railroad, which mus past Society Hill, and has Drought it within a lew hours' nde of Charleston. I have always thought tbat there should have boou only ono lino and one company from Charleston to Cheraw, and I think so yot. In fact, I tnink it of more importance now than it ever was before. Rival interests will soon come in and bid for privileges which now are natu? rally, and by a tacit pre-emption, outs. But Charleston should not rest till this past and prescut good will on tho part of her Peedeo friends is permanently assured to her, and this can only bo dono by consolidating the two companies. True, there may be difficulties in the way; still, the interests aro sufficiently identic il to have tho two roads managed by tho same superintendent. There cannot, there? fore, it would seem to an outsider, be any in? surmountable obstacles to such a union, and 1 earnestly hopo that the nuptials may soon be celebrated. Society Hill heretofore was connected with Mar boto', and tho parts beyond, by means of a ferry-one of tho most important, because most frequented on the nvor. Dublin, the ancient Charon, wh?> bad poled tbe flat across for man" years, and who is an original charac? ter ?worthy a more extended not ice than I can accord him here, is now pat on Ibo retired list. His occupation is gone. Tho ferry is no more. A bridge has taken its place. This bridgo bad been talked of years before the war, but was not commenced till a year after tho cassation o' hostilities. It w.is built by Major J. B. Lasallo, of Columbia, at an expanse of about $25,000. This amount, in tho tben impoverished condition of tho oountry, it was of course, not an easy matter to raise. Still it was done, thanks to the unwearied efforts of a lew public sp.riced mon. But alas, after the work bad been oompleted, :md in oporation only sixteen days, a great ?r^shot washed away the centre pier, wbicn dragged with it another pier aud two of the spans. Previous fieshets had dono considerable dania.go'whilc tho work waa in progress, but this last calamity seemed irreparable. Too old company was bankrupt. What remained of thc midge was sold uut and bid off at $2000 by ??orne of the creditors of tho oid comp.i;iy. A new company .vas formed, capital about $15 000, and the br. .Ige rebuilt. Ic is nos yo; weather-boarded or roofed, lois will cost abuut, $2J00 more, ?.nd is io bu dono in tho course ot this year, I believe. Tho rebuilding o? the bridge ia due principally, if not soiciy, to the untiring and Helf-eacnficing cucrgy and public spirit of Mr. W. A. Carrigan. The bridge is a splendid job, a regular first class Howo truss, equal io any in tbo country, having an opeuing of six.'.y feos. Thc machi? nery ia so perfect that a child cnn turn the chaw. The Cheraw bridgo. rebuilt siuco thu wur, coste? 000, and yields an incoui<? ol' $125 a week during tho business season. The length of tho Cheriw i ridge is six hunched aud twenty feel, and that at Society Hid about five hundred uni twenty fcc;. The lands about liare, f ,ruioriy among tho most valuable in tho 8:ate. have not yet recov? ered their former price. Thoro is not yet a sufficient surplus of money ia this part of the country to warrant much investment in lands, and there is, therefore, no it-liable data upon which to baso an estimate of tho market In Marlboro', on the ether a fc of tho riv r. irom somo reason or other, there has been more cvi dence of retmperstivo power, and la .ils Iicv. sold ut vorv lair piicce. sometimes tor quite - mooh as they would havel brought .cn ; ears ago. As reperds thc nOTcr-to-bc-solveu.qnesliou of labor. I find upon inquiry that rations plans axe ia ase, each ottering auvnuutxca <*uu T advantages, and each having advocates and. opponents. Most of the plantations m this vicinity are organized for the present year? the laborers mostly being hired for . wages, but some are employed "cn shares." In re? gard to wages it is difficult to say what are the rates paid. There would seem to be so fixed rule, each party of coarse doing tho best he can for him self. Thus I. have heard of prime bauds g?tting from $8 to 312 per month and:, "found." There are but few women compara-, tively hoing out as field hands, 'micro they" make contracts they usually only receive two thirds of foll rates. . - Those who "crop" with the hands give,'I! think, about one-half tho proceeds, loss the current expenses. Some, from necessity, have been compelled to agree to receive ser? vice from the freedmen in lien of rent. That . is to say, those not having the means or. the credit to provide the requisite outlay where-' with to maintain hands and working animais during the spring and summer, have asreed to rent land to negroes, with the stipulation that,, in lieu ol rent, these tenants are to work two days in the week fot1 their landlords. If I have - been correctly informed, ' these are .tho terms upon which many of the sea leland..,planta? tions are being worked this year. On the whole, ! think the farming prospecta, for this year are fair in this part of the State -1 and most of the planters are hopeful. Indeed, all classes are in better spirits, and not a few are in a fair way of making money. ' January : has been a fine month : for plantation work. and, as fir as I can judge, every thin? ie well , advanced in the way of preparation for the ensuing crop. Brans-Ens. pipping. FOR BOSTON-DESPATCH CI\R. THE 80HOONEB & A. HAMMOND, ' WILLST Mascar, having a parti? a of cargo t engaged, will be promptly dai on cb o I. WILLIAM BU AC H b 00. February 9 ruths FORNEW YORK-MlGRCIi\NTS' LIM 8. THE FIBsT-CLA^S KEGULtBPACKET Schooner N. W. SMITH, J o OK KB alaster, haring a portion cargo engaged, will be promptly despatched. For bal ince, apply . to WILLIAM ROACH b COr' *1 February 9_ruths : FOR PHILADELPHIA. THE FINE SCHOONER VB ATE, MASOT Master,!' now loading, und will sail as abovo >ln a few days. For raloneeof Freight, apply ?to H. F. BAKER A-CO., ' February ll Nr. 20 Cumv?rl*nd.-street. EXCURSIONS A HOUND THU HARBOR. I THE FINE, FAST SAILING AND COM- * ^PORTABLY appointed Yacht ELEANOR swill resume her tri pi to. historic pointa In ' .tho harbor, and will 'oave Gavcrnmeut. 1 Whirr daily at Ten A. M. and Thwe P. M. For Pas ?age; apply to . '1 HO MAS YOU .VG. December 18 3mo Captain, ou o jard.. FOR N KW YOlt?. REGULAX LINE EVERT TSURSpAZ* tl PASSAGE R EDUCED JO <13. THE STEAMSHIP 8ARA'i03SA?<' [Captain 0. RXDZB, will lea r? Vindex* . "horst's wharf on THUSTOAT. Febru- . ?ary 18th, at - o'clock. . a February 13_BAVEN EL st CO. ?gua?. .. NE ?V YORK ANO CHARLKSIO* STEAMSHIP LINE. FOB NEW T 0 BK THE SPLENDID SISE WHSSL &s?WSSTEAJI5HrP CHAMPION, LOCK? WOOD, Commander, will leair \d ?ger'k Wharf on SAT OED AT, tbe 13 th, - at 4 o'clock P. M. 49>[nsnrance cinbe obtained on these steamers at yi percent. For Freight cr Passage, having splendid cabin, accommodations, apply to JAMES ADGEB & Ot '.. Corner Adger'a Wharf and East Hay (Dp ?"?iwl. Mfr- The steamship CHA EGERTON will follow on WEI NE SD AT, the 17th instant, st 10 o'clock A. M. February ll_. thai _. FOR LIVERPOOL." CHARLESTON' AND LIVERPOOL STEAMSHIP ' LINE.* THE FIR>T-OLASS IRON SCREW 'Steamship GOLDEN H^BX, Rv #.' 'BLAOBXIN Master, having one-half; _?her cargo engaced and go,ng on board, will meet with dlsnxtch for tho above ? ori? ta sail on or about the 20th ins ant. 1?$ ' For Freight engagements apply to February 9 _ROBT. MUK EA: CO. ' ' TIUViatCRS .PASSINO TH'tO'/OR CHARLESTON EN BOO CETO FLOBID ?, AIKEN ' r r^Taiip? And other places, should not f?t. //}&???rF^ to lay in tftoix supplies of PROVIS* ??fflH&m^ IONS, CLAREIS, CHiMPAWHa . irnurrlLi nrnriu . BRANDIE*, wais KIES, WIN Erf, CANNED MEATS, SOUPS, ic' Pales of Wild Game, Deviled Entremets, Ham, Tnrke?, Lobster, eta., for Luncheons, ?naewiche?,. Travelers' Repast, ic. ?g-Send for a catalogue. WM. & COBWIN b CO., No. 275 King-stroet,, Between Wentwortu and Bea af ai ^, Charleston, 8. 0. Branch of No. 900 Broadway, corner 20tn street/ New York._ October28 FOR G YORKETOWN, S. C., . AND LASDING3 ON THE PE SP SB RIVER THE STEAMER EMILIE, CAPH. _.ISAAC DAVIS, WM receive Freight Tin-, tus UL aouth Commercial Wbarr, and leave as above on MUNDAY MORN INO, 15th lust., at 6 o'clock. < Returning, will leavo Georgetown on Wan NESDAT MOBNTAO, 17th instant. Freight for Landings on the Peedee River will be transferred to Steamer GEN. MANIGAOilT, at Georgetown. All Freight prepaid. No Freight recetv. d after sunset. SH ACKLLFORD b SELLY, Agents, ? February 13_1 No. 1 Boy e's wharf. - FOR CREK AW, GEORGETOWN AND ALL LANDINGS ON THE PEEDEE RIVER. . j.?T^lfc? THESTEAMBB PLANTER CAPT. l?H'??l i3? c- ?- WHITE, is rece ring Freight at Accommo?^uon wharf, and will leave on WEDNESDAY; MOBW.NO, the 17th instant, at 7 o'clock. Apply to JOHN FEBGUSON. February 13_8 FOR NORTH EDISTO. ^fru??^ THE K'lEAMEB t?T, HE I ENA, r-~s*rrA-ry=5 Captain TAX RS G. RUMLEY. will re? ceive Freight THU DAT and leave MOND?T MOBH INO. at o o'clock, and Edisto same day, at 3 o'clock P. id. For Freight or Passage apply on baird or to JOHN H MURR v Y, MM?et'Whart.' The steamar leaves again WEDNESDAY Moaxnio, ' at 8 o'clock, and Edisto TBUBSDAX Monanro. at 8 \ o'clock._1*_February 13 * INLAND H O UTK. THROUGH TICKETS TO FLORIDA. CHARLES I O* ANDSAVANNAH *LEAM PACKET LINK VIA EDISTi>, ROCKVILLE, REA?tORT AN1>HILTON HEAD. CONNECTING WITH THE ATLANTIC ANO GULF BAILBO . D AND CONNECTIONS FOR ALL POINTS IN ' FLORIDA. ? jriir^h. TRE flxti, FAST ST EA MEE jaBSpaC pILOT BOY. Captam Fm PECK. wUl leave Charleston rn Mo -DAY aud lcm:OAT MOEN mas at ?lgbt n'c'.cck BeUarning, will lua.ee .avannah IUESDAT MOBN?SOJ at right u'okvk, and EQIDAT AFTERS > m at 1'wo o'clock, toailuo,; it .^dtstoon incasDAT trip from Charleston, at cv n A. M., und leaving Kula.o at Niuo A. M, ?'ATcauM, oare? turn trip. * ihe steamer will touchai Bhiffoa aaJ o'.m's, eauh way, everv iwo wenba eoaimnuci . ! w'th trip of Jauuary 21st, aud at Bocltvill J ever/ .'JC: <DAT. For freight or Pasaaga upn'v io JOUN FEBOU-O*. January ll Accou-tt da :n : Wharf, KOK I'ALAl'Kn, Ki , VIA HAVANNAH, F?hNsNJ.??>^ \KD .'&0K3O5 VILLE. . ??T^v THE FIBM-CA^i i%T3*?88 Hfemai7DICTATOR. Captiiia i. Si. ' .''XETTEB, Entwarn Charleston evw ..-'--r, in?, at Eigut o'ct.'ck, tor the abovf pctttt^ The ?.-atrCi.iss <io?me? J! . '., '-. ".'a 0 Wit. '. MCNELTY:, will mil :.- in nb ;r!c<Lin every Satur? day Earning, 3- tight .'. at-.v,vuj:-iM. conc-'Cti'W witt th- .' una' Rail: ul at ?iva moa, for Moiril?aid Ne . O'lcta-^ ami wid. tn,e Klonda ftai'.iuad at Ferne;!(ila.i fir Cacuv Keys, at which point sieamsM eoauoct wttlt Si jCirteJU. Mobile, Peuraeo n. Key w? xa ? H-vana. XbrouL'h hila-1 adln c gi ?eu ?>? rraijh?rto Mobile, t'?nsaco'? aud V.-.V ' .?' leans. ?o'.'i ?tra.n,z<-? a oucSitM wi'.k II. ii. IT:r?i steam cm Oc?iwaka i"U"' Griffin fr ,'Ulcir 8?>>-uifH uni Lakes, GrijfUs. .?.'ai.'?--, ./'<;. ?: and Dnrhan, i?: :r.--_i ". . >a-ie ..:i thowliarf. ..TUij.is Lot rcraovctl at attuset wlii u? steted ot risk :d ? t?-1:.-" o: ?W..IJ!*. :-u. Freigb! orEa?sog? enm-semc t. :.. i?\- to j. TJ. ?KES S fr% ?-nw,' -.."uh nrJ:mll . Waarft N. ?-".fo'--.tricharge f?M*,'.? 2; J ?.w:?-jom3. November 21 J