Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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r? ? * SUPPLEMENT IQ THE CHARLESTON DAILY NEWS. ~ ] CHARLESTON, S. C., FED) A Y MOKNING, JULY IO, 1868. .,_,__i_0 _ _,_' ?MB1R SCG?TOESSiGE THE POLICY OF HIS ADMINISTRA? TION MARKED OUT. AN IMPORTANT DOCUMENT. Gentlemen of Ch* Senate, and Haute of JIepre* ; tentatives: , ( For the first time .ip, the histor j of Sooth Cawatej her General Assembly has convened nader'a Constitution that recognizes the rights of man. The monopoly of class, by which the few governed the many, has gone down before the sovereignty ca* the people, and her institu? tions have been founded on the broad basis, that "allgovernments derive their jost powers from tho consent of the governed." Our Con? stitution, recently rabbeo by the vast majority j Of the voters of South Carolina, guarantees to the citizen every privilege consistent with the safety of the State? and invests tho State with every pr?rogative not. inconsistent with the rights of ibo citizen. Sound policy and correct principle thus unite in our politiced system, and it wiB be your duty, as it will doubtless be ; your chief ann, so to legislate that the pnhbo laws, and administration of the State, shall not discredit tho Constitution under which you ! tere assembled. The object of all legislation should be the greatest good to the greatest nsmber; equal and exact Justice to all is, therefore, required at your hands; and I have no doubt that each and every class and locality m the State w?l receive their doe share of public favor from: yonr honorable body. CTR AK OX aitD STAHE DEBT. The financial condition of the State will I doubtless engage.your early and most serious j attention, and tho necessary ways and means ? be provided, both for the support of its govern nm and to meet the lawftd. demands of ita m??mt, fereigtt ?nd domestic Character ia credit, andUeredit is tho very j i cf the fitaie.in peace and war. Tho ob n of tho State, therefore, to meet all of ita es ia founded alike upon correct moral principie &nd sound public policy. This obliga- , tien should be the more sensibly felt from the. fact that a State cannot, like an individual, be- j come the subject of ooeroive process to compel ittoawetits Just indebtedness; bu? th? creditor j must rely solely opon its honor. The Conven-j tion appointed a Board of Commissioners to teanug?to the debt and available assets or | the State, with instructions to report the re? pul?a of their mveattgation to the General As sembly, at its first session, and aa I am without any positive data opon this subject, I must re? fer you to their report, which will doubtless soon be laid befara yonr honorable body. I .wifl make this matter of the debt of the State the subject of a special message to the Gene ral Assembly, aa it ie one that vitally concerns \ tho r?putation or our people and the future credit of the State. ~ ? The information that I now have places the valid debt of the State, exclusive of the war debt, at about five millions five hundred thou? sand dollars ($5,500,000). This debt is very sanaU compared with that of other States and the resources of the State, and if proper meas? ures are taken to promptly liquidate tho inte- j rest due upon it, the credit of Sooth Carolina I w?l stand aa high as that of any State in the Union. I would recommend the funding of the un? paid interest now doe upon the State debt, and also that accruing np to a period when th? State will, without doubt, be able to meet her liabilities; and would suggest tho 1st of July, 1889, as the dale to which it should be funded. I would also recommend that all bonds of the Stats should be dade pay able in New York aa the- financial centre of tbs country; and that all stocks shall be convertible into .bonds, at the pleasure of the holders. - STATE DANE. * I recommend an early and thorough investi? gation into the affaire of the State Bank, with a view to ascertain the liabilities it may. have entailed upon the State, pursuant to the ferme of its charter. Its debts and assets should bo inquired into, and it should be put in liquida tion as soon as possible, in order that the just I . claims against it may be promptly settled? 30KDS 07 STATE OmcZES AND DXFOSXTOBT FOR . afars Tortes. ;. f . . In order to guard the State against loss by defalcations or. otherwise, I earnestly recom? mend that all officers who are charged with the custody of pob?c funds shall bo required to siva ample bonds and security for the safe keeping orfaith?ul disbursement of tho same. I also recommend that a responsible bank shall ba designated as a depository for the fonds of the State; and that authority should be vested in tho Governor and two private citizens, tobo .atetad by the. Genaia^ssembly, or other? wise, to demand from the State Treasurer at any ?me as exhibit of his books, and all public moneys for which he may be accountable; this inspection to bb mada at least once in each TAXATION AND *-?*a"ff . There is no problem that csu engago the at? tention of the legislator more difficult than tte teaming of aft equitable system of taxa? tion. Even in the most prosperous cemrii uni? te*, the laws that exact from the citizen a por? tion of bis means te support tho government fha* notana? Msw* sad property, are viewed w?h extrame SHnsitivenose. Especially is this Ste ease in a society such as ours, where val? sea of every kind have been suddenly changed by the convulsions of war, and Where- the ex cnatve government of class has boen expanded Into the tros Bepubbcanism of universal suf? frage. Hence, those who oppose the free Cou stitutionof our State allege that it enables the iMtvproperty bolder to legislate fox and tux the property holder. This argument, however specious it may seem, destroys iteeJf brprov ing too much; for as in all republics the major? ity must rule, and as the majority are always non-property holders, or as mdividuals pay i teat of the taxes, it follows, under the argu? ment alleged, that tho very basis of our repub? lican system should be ?Tung^d, While the camtabst may justly declare that he should not be made tbe-eubjeot of unreasonable exac- . tiona, (te upon his capual depend the creation ? <af great pabilo and private -enterprises, and the employment of labor in every punnii in hteiyti tte worming maaaoa-the agriculturist and thc mechanic-may, with no less justice, < assart that, by-their labor sad akin capital ia i multiplied through all the vaned formo of pro- I duction and trade, and that thev axe tho bone < and stew of the State in peace and war, and should therefore receive their due share m ita i administration. ( teeognizmg the justice of both of these ' claims, it is your delicate and important duty ( aoto adjust onr system of taxation that tbe cu- ? terprhje of the oapitahst shall not be depress- 1 ed by imposing rrpon him undue burdens, while ' . at the same time every class ot real and per- < i*mal property shan bs required to aid In the rapport of the State, and m sustaining the in Btiint?ans that ita condition demands. In this , you will be guided by Section 36, Article 1, of oittState Constitution, which declares that*'all property subject to taxation ehail be taxed in proportion to ita value. Each individual of sc- . dStyhas a right tn be protected in tho eDj oy mant of fits, hberty and property, according to ; standing laws. Ho should, therefore, con trio- . tata bia share to tba expense of his proteo tion," Bia proper for mo here te call your attention ' to tha fact that under a recent-decision of the Srrprema Court of the United States, national , banka, wi thia the hunts of the State, are sub- < yw to^State taxation ; while the property of railrcsd companies, municipalities and all other corporations w?l be embraced- in your general tax bilk I invite your attention to Article 9 of the ! Conatitoticn. which provides that-"The Gen? eral Assembly shall provide by law for a uni form and equal rate. of assessment and taxa- 1 tion," and defines the powers of tho corporate 1 authorities of counties, cities, towns, &e., and ' snthorires them to assess and collect taxes for corporate purposes. The assessed value of tte real estate of South Carolina, in 1860, was i one hundred and twenty nine millions seven taunted and seventy-two thousand six hundred and eighty-four ($129,772,681) dollars. This value has, of course, been materially lena en ed by tho violent convulsions to trade and the in? dustrial interest or the people during the past . seven years, yet it serves to indicate that with avery allowance -for the known reduction in the market raino of our real ce t?te, that even upai a minimum assessment of values, it win tem an important basis of taxation ana of the pttsmi moores ortho State. COUNTY TREASURER* AND AUDITORS. In thia connection I would recommend therieneral Assembly will provide by Uv the creation of the offices of County Treoi and. County Auditor, to be -appointed in manner as your honorable body shall di These officers should be placed nuder a bondi! lor the safe-keeping and faithful rc of all moneys of the-State ?nd County may at any time come into their posse* JEl?<U)<>TrriTjaTiaitora will be tho clerks ol several Boards of County Commissioners, will make np and audit the accounts bet' the county and the tax-payers and the S and examine and countersign the nee et drafts upon the County Treasurers. DIVISION OF THE COUNTIES. I respectfully recommend that you will vide at your pr?sent session for the di visit j tho larger counties of tho r?tate. Accordin I the United States census of 1880, South C lina bas an area of twenty-four thousand hundred (24,500) squaro miles, with a pop tiou of seven hundred and three thom seven hundred and eight (703,708), or neal teen (15) persona to the squaro milo. As State :<i divided into thirty-one (31) couni those figures show that the average area of counties is about eight hundred (800) soi ?niles, while several of them actually emoi an area of more than eighteen hundred (1. square miles. In the present condition of public roads, with many of the streams bridged, and with the few facilities ipr tra ling possessed by the most of our people, great distance of the county seat and recoi from th ose living upon the border of on those large connues, entails the most seri inconvenience opon them.? In view of the necessity of a new goograp cat subdivision of the ?ato, article 2, sect 8, of the Constitution, provides "that the Ge ral Assembly shall have the power at any ti to organize, new counties by changing boundaries ot any of the old ones: but no t county nhaJl be hereafter formed of less ext than six hundred and twenty-five square mil nor shall any existing counties be reduced t less extent than six hundred andtwenty-1 square miles. Each county shall constit one election district. " I suggest that six bi dred and twenty-five (625) square miles, twenty (20) townships, be made the marinai area of any new county that may be hereafi Conned. PUBLIC BOADs AND BRIDGES. In view of the very bad condition of our pi Ho roads and bridge?. I recommend ?hat t Genend Assembly will provide by law for t anb-di vision of each county ia to road distric and ihr the appointment of competent perso as supervisors of such districts, under the i root ion of the county commisioners. Thc Supervisors of roads should receive a reason ble per diem when actually employed, and t county commissioners should be empowered require that each able-bodied citizen, betwe the ages of twenty-one (21) and fifty-five (fi shall give bia labor a reasonable number dava in the year, to be fixed by law, for wort mg tho public roads, or shall pay in lien thor of a certain sum. It should also be provided, that the Conn Commissioners may be hoM responsible 1 damages tor any injury te persona or proper that may accrue to any citizen because of the failure to keep the roads and bridges in 'got and safe repair. JUDICTABT. Article 4, of our Oormtrtntion, provides f< the reorganisation of the Judicial Departmei of the State, and donnes the jririsdiction of th several courts, to be organized in pursuant OL the'same, ? This important subject, so vi ti to the . protection of the person and pro pe rt of the citizen, demands, and will, doubttesi receive your early and moat sm ions sttentioi Irecomiocud that the jurisdiction of Justice of'the Peace be extended, so that they ma render judgment in petty cases, involving th liberty of the accused, subject of course to a appeal. The State will thereby bo saved tb cost of supporting many prisoners in thc jail; charged with small offences, but unable t give bonds for their appearance at tho genera term of tho court, while tia- committing Jue bice has no authority to pass sentence, upoi them. I would also recommend that Justice nf the Peace should be vested with the powe ko discharge] from arrest in Any case when lhere is not probable cause or reasonabl ?rounds for believing the accused guilty. Thu would riot debar the Grand Jury' from in restigatfng the case of a person so discharge J ind finding a bill ef indictment againsi uim. should the facts warrant it; while i gould prevent much hardship to innoccn persons, and expense to the State, by the law' aolay. lu this connection, I would urge that tin fees of justiiieg of the peace, clerks of courts sheri Ss, constables, and other officers wh< may be entitled te receive fees, should bi strictly regulated by statute. . REVISION OF. CODE AND CHANGE OP PLEADINGS T invite your earnest attention to Section 3 Article 5, of the Constitution, providing tha "the General Assembly, at its first sessioi after the adoption of this Constitution, abai make provision to revise, digest, and arrange under proper beads the body of onr laws, ein and criminal, and form a penal code founded upon principles of reformation.'" This sectioi also provides that tho General Assembly "foi that purpose shall appoint some suitable per? son or persons, whose doty it shall be to revise, simplify and abridge the roles, practice, plead? ings ana forms of the courts now in use in this State. A woB digested code of Pdblio Laws, with % full and clear index, will be of great value to ail classes of our people, professional or other? wise. Saab a code Month Carolina has never possessed. The Committee appointed for this purpose] should be composed of men of the tilgtest legal ability, and should be empower? ed to omit from the code such statutes as ore io longer in accord with our 'Constitution, or that conflict with the changes in onr political and civil systems. Especially should the plea of "Benefit, of Clergy," which has so long dis? graced the judicial systeni of the State, be no longer recognised br our courts. I trust that the General Assembly will make an appropria? tion sufficiently fibered, te gire a fair com? pensation to the members of that Commission .'or their necessarily arduous labors. STATUTB OF FKAUD9. Section 20, Article 1, of. the Constitution, raving provided that " no person shall be im - irisoned for debt, except in cases of fraud." t recommend that the General Assembly mall, at an early day, enact a Statute of Frauds, and also a now Statute of Limitations, leflning toe rights, remedies, and liabilities ol ?reditorsrarid debtors. - . ELECTIONS. I invite your attention to Section 3, Article 8, yt the Constitution, which provides that "it ih&U be the duty of the General Assembly to provide from time to time for the registration )f alt electors." It is important to the safety.of the State that the rights of its electors and the purity ot? ite, ballot box should be rigidly guarded. I herefote recommend that yon will pass strin? gent laws prescribing the duties of registrars tnd judges of elections, with appropriate Densities: and providing also for the punish neut of bribery and corruption af public elee? bana. Ii TT?ir OVAL OF POLITICAL DIS ABILITIES. I would earnestly recommend that your honorable body will, at an early period, me? morialize Congress to relieve every citizen o? South Carolina from all political disabilities. I make .this recommendation thc more readily from the fact that there are believed to be none of that class In this State who have committed infamous offences against the laws of war. Tho statute of disfranchisement was doubt leas wise and proper at the earlier stage of re oonatruotion, ana justly marked the nation's abhorrence of those who, having been the trusted' leaders of the people, had led them into rebellion against the benign government sf their country. Yet the continuance of such disfranchisement would be on anomaly under 9UT Republican system, based upon the doc? trine of universel Buffrage. Let ns hope that such an act bi magnanimity wiU. not be mis? taken by the class disfranchised, while to deny it will tend to make them objects of sympathy, ind will be, as it were, to keep a knife sticking LU an opeu wound. EDUCATION. Civil li bert v and the education of the masses ire inseparable. The safety of a free State rests upon tho vir? tue and intelligence qi the people, and it can? not preserve the one without cultivating the other. AU republics of which history makes mention, have owed their decline and fall to the corruption of the people; who, having be? come unmindful of their rights and duties through ignorance, became the prey of dema? gogues through choice. lu a country such aa oms, where tho humblest citizen; if worthy and well qualified, may aspire to tho station of the highest, and where the hard-handed child 1 of poverty and toil may become the chief m trato of the republic, tho diffusion of in peuce ?mong the masses is not only a mei of public justice, but vitally concerns the lie safety. Tho Government of the United State! been so fifrndful of ibo importance of poi eduoation, that it bas already given 70,00 of acree of public lands, worth at least ni millions ($30,000,000; of dollars, for the ei lishment of schools and colleges in the SI and territories of the Union. I would, tl fore, earnestly recommend that the pro vi of our constitution upon this subject be ried out in its fullest extent, aud thai thorough a system of free schools shall established os is consistent with the pre taxable resources of the Stale. 1 deem it proper to add, that satiafac assurances are gi voa that Congress will, wi a brief period, make a liberal grant of pc mods to this Sute, for tho creation of a manent common school fund, thus in a g measure relieving our people from the bur of taxation for that sp?cial object: I resp fully suggest that you will motnoriahze Congress of the United States upon this t jeci, and solicit tho giant refereed to at earliest possiblo day. Article 10, section 3, of the Conslituti provides that "there shall be kept open, at h six months in each year, one or more seht in each school district." I respectfully recommend that the Gem Assembly will provide by law Ar the est lishment of at least two (2) schools in o school district when necessary, and that i of said schools shall beset apart and desigi ed as a school for colored children, and other for white children, tbs school fund to distributed eanally to each class, io proport to the number of children in each bot wi the ages of six and sixteen years. 1 de this separation of the two races in the pul schools a matter of the greatest importance all classes of our people. While the moralist and tho Philanthrop cheerfully recognizes the fact that "God hi made of one blood all nations of .men," yet ( statesman, in legislating for a political sod* that embraces two distinct, and, in some me ure, antagonistic races, in the great body its electors, must, as far aa the law af eqi rights will permit, take cognizance of exist? prejudices among both. Bi school distrio where the white childrou may pre pera derate numbers, thc colored SB?BSB maybe oppra ed, or partially excluded ft om the sc hoc while the same result may accrue to the whit in those districts where colored children are the majority, unless they shall be separated, law as herein recommended. Moreover, it the declared design of the Constitution tb all classes of our people shall be educated, b not to provide for the separation of the ti races, will be to repel the masses of the whi c from the educational training that they much need, and virtually to give to our cole ed population the exclusive benefit of our pu he schools. Let us, therefore, recognize rac as they are; and rely upon time and the olevt ing influence of popular education, to disp any unjust prejudices that may exist amen the two races of our fellow-citizens. AGHICCT.TTJEK. The concentra ti m of labor and capital upc one product, and that two extremely liable the varying hazards of tho seasons and tl worm, has retarded tho agricultural prosneril of South Carolina, and of the entire Soutl The true safety of the farmer Ees in the cult vation of several products, so that althone the season may be unpropitious for one. I may preserve the other. He should not im tate the unwise merchant, who embarks h all, though uninsured, in a single ship. The impolicy ol concentrating so large portion of labor upon cotton, instead of dirie ing it among mixed crops of corn, wheat, pot! toes, &c., and tho products of the dairy, is bet illustrated by the following facts drawn froi the census of 1860, and tbe report of the Unite States Commissioner of Agriculture for 1861 Tho cotton cropfof Georgia, tho Empire State c tho South, in I860 was 701,810 bales, vieldin, little more than thirty millions ($30,000,000) c dollars; while the butter of Mew York in 186? ono of several products of tho dairy, was esti mated at sixty millions ($60,000,000) of dol?an Yet thu census gives to New York but 470.91 farmers and farm laborers, and to Georgia, in eluding white farmers and farm laborers, sm only the males of the slaves, 316,47. pensons engaged in agriculture. Snouli tho females slaves be included, Georgi! would have actually had a larger number o farm laborers than tho State of New York. Be sides the o tl: er dairy products, milk and cheese and the multitude of smaller products of tin form, the principal crops make in value an aa tonudiug aggregate. Thus, in 1861, tho con crop of New York was estimated at $38,000,003 the wheat at $25,000,000, the oats at $30,000,000 potatoes at $19,0jM),000, and hay at $90.000,000 Including the minor cereals, the products *o orchards and gardens, tho production of bee and mutton from pasturage, and a great va nely ol' miscellaneous products, the cu rene' value of the agricultural productions of tbif one State, iu thal year, was far greater thai the money returns of any cotton crop ever pro? duc? in'this country: and the gold value ol such products would bc greater than the gold value of half the cotton crop of I860, the largest ever made in the United States. The grand results are not due to any supe? riority of soil or climate above our own. bot a properly directed and diversified system ol labor and to superior agricultural implements and form economy. The aggregate product ol varied agricultural labors must always exceed in value the yield of any one staple, however vc ' and well organized may be. the system of lauur applied to it, for marked success in the production of that one, will lessen ita price by an undue increase of the supply over the de? mand. The introduction of improved implements of husbandry is a matter of vital importance to the farming interest of the State. With tho aid of proper machinery and the proper use of fertilizers, our farmers will be enabled to culti? vate a large area of land and to cultivate it more thoroughly than under the former system when they cultivated'* very limited amount. These considerations become all the meas important in view of the fact that, in South Ca? rolina there are four millions (4,000,000) of acres of land improved, while there are nearly twelve millions (12.000,000) of acres unimprov? ed. The recent discovery of vast beds of phos - phates of lime on the banks of the Ashley, near Charleston, will enable na to enrich our worn out lands with that most valuable fertili? zer nt a comparatively small cost. Large shipments of this fertilizer are now being modo from Charleston to Northern ports, and which might be manufactured hero, and sold cheaply to enrich the poor lands of our own State. A GE IC U LTD S AL COLLEGE. I invite your attention to [Section 9. Article 10, of the Constitution, which directs the Gen? eral Assembly to pr?vido for the establishment of an Agricultural College, upon tue basis set forth in an act of Congres of July 2, 1862, pro? viding for the endowment of Agricul? tural Colleges in the several States. The act provides that each State and Territory sholl receive thirty thousind (80,000) acres of public land scrip for each Senator and Repre? sentativo that it may have in Congress. Under its provisions South Carolina will be entitled to cloven hundred and twenty-five pieces (1125) of 160 a "res each, representing one hundred and eighty thousand (180,000) acres of public land, worth in the market at present about one dollar per acre, or one hundred and eighty thousand (180,000) dollars. This scrip may be located in any State or Territory having public lands subject to salo, at one dollar and twenty-five cents ($1 25) per acre. The act also provides that the money arising from the sale of such scrip "shall be invested by the State in public stocks, at not less than five (5) per cent, interest, and the interest sholl be appropriated for the estab? lishment of at least one cotlege, where the leading objeot shall be,without excluding scien? tific and classical studies, or military tactics, to teach such, branches as are related to agri? culture and the mechanic arte.'' I would also invite your attention to the gen? eral act of Congress of 1864, donating five hun? dred thousand (600,000) acres of public land to each State in aid of internal improvements. Other States have, under the authority of Con? gress, applied that donation to educational objects, and I suggest that you memorialize Congress to extend tho same privilege to this State. . STATE BOARD OF AOBICUXTOUE AMD E1?IQBA T?ON. A celebrated statesman has observed that "Agriculture feeds us ; in a great measure it clothes us ; without it we could not have manu? factures, and we should not have commerce ; they will stand together, but they will stand together like pillars, thc largest in tho centre, and that is agriculture." Agriculture is. in? deed, the life of a nation-its very existence, depending upon the annual production of its soil. In view of the vital importaeco of this subject, and of the vast amount of arable land in the State now lying wild and fallow, or at beat poorly cultivated, I respectfully suggest the passage of an act creating a State Board of Agriculture and Emigration, to consist of at least three capable persons, one of whom should be a practical chemist. . This Board shonld be charged with the duty of investigating and making known to the en tiro country the agricultural resources of the State, and should be required to make au an? nual report to the Legislature, embody the re-' suits of their labors, and recommend such im? provements as they may deem necessary in tho system of cultivation now practiced among our people, and such improved agricultural ma? chinery as to them may seem most proper, to? gether with the value and mode of using fertilizers. They should also set forth the at? tractions that our soil and climate and mine? ral resources offer to the thrifty agriculturists, mechanics and miners of oar Northern States, and to those af Europe. They should also present tables showing the cest of living, the rates of wages, the number and class of me? chanics needed ia. the several counties, and the price of land, and the terms upon which it can be rented. Their report should be fur? nished to the trades unions of this country and Europe. This information, if properly distributed, trill, I feel assured, start a tide of emigration that will flow into and greatly enrich the State. The Ger man and French grape-grow? ers will flud oar upper tier of counties & soil and climate as genial to the grape as their.own vine-clad hills, being precisely on the same parallel of latitude as the great wine-making districts of Spain and Portugal. ? The Swede and the Dane will find ample scope and verge for their talento for mining in our gold and lead regions, while even the Hollander may exercise his cunning in draining the marsh lands of our low country, which he may get almost for the asking. Oar rivers, abounding with noble falls, are running to waste, when they should resound with the hum of thou? sands of busy spindles. These' invite the manufacturer of the North, who will find la? bor among us abundant and cheap, and may look from his own door opon fields white with the cotton that supplies hie mili. . TUTT.ROAm. According to tba eighth census' of the Uni? ted States, there were nine hundred and eighty seven (987) miles of railroad in South Carolina at the dose of the year 18?50, built at a coat of twenty-two millions three hundred and eighty five thousand (22,385,000) dollars. It may be interesting to observe that the Charleston and Hamburg Bead was the first passenger railway constructed in the United States, lt was commenced in the spring of 1829, and six (6) miles were completed in that year. It is a noteworthy fact that before the use of locomotives was established in 'Great Britain, or they were known in the United States, the directora of ibis road determined, under the advice of their engineer, Mr. Horatio Allon, to make them exclusively the motive power. The same gentleman, in the winter of 1829, made the drawings of the first American ', steam locomotivo, called the "Best Friend," which waa planned by Hr. E. L. Miller, of Charleston. Upon the 0 har leeton and Ham? burg Road was introduced in 1881, for the first Mme on any railroad in the world, the impor? tant arrangement cf two four (4) wheeled trucks for locomotives and long passenger cars. The facts here stated are designed to show that the State bas never been wanting in men of mechanical genius, with the capacity to achieve the greatest enterprises, if properly encouraged. South Caroona, although tho first to initiate a railway system, has prosecuted it to a very limited extent, compared with the demands of ber commerce and the resources of her soil. The facility with which railroads can be built in thia State is evidenced by the fact that the railroads of South Carolina have cost in their construction less per mile than any of equal length in the United r tates. I would recommend the fostering of th eso great and beneficent public enterprises by the State, so far as may bo consistent wi.h the proper maintenance of other important public inter? ests. At the same time that railroad corpora? tions should be gen -rously, bat judiciously, fostered, yet suitable laws should be enacted to regulate their tariff of charges for freights and passengers, or otherwise they may oppress all classes by their excessive rates, and check ? the trade and enterprise of the people. Railroads are the main arteries of commerce. They stimulate production by bringing thu , market within easy leach or the producer. , They give an impetus to every branch of trade, while they promote unity and r.ood will among great populations, by enabling them to circo late freely among each other. I would espe? cially recommend that the State should furnish ; all the aid that it can expediently for the speedy completion of tho Blue Ridge Railroad. The i importance of that road to the people of j the State at large cannot well be over-estimat- j ed. Blurting at Anderson Courthouse as a pro- i longation of the westerly branch ot tho <lreen- i ville and Colombia Railroad, it. will traverse i portions of the Counties of Anderson and Pick - eon, and of the States of Georgia, North Caro- i lina and Tennessee, having its western fermi- i nos at Knoxville, whence it will have oonnec- i tiona with Chattanooga, the great focal point I of southwestern railroads. It will also connect i at Knoxville with roads running direct to < Louisville, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, i The entire length of tbe road will be one hun- < dred and ninety-six mites, of which fifty-two i miles lie within tho limits of Sooth Carolina. \ Thirty-four (34) miles ot this distance have < been fliuBnen, and are now in running order l from Anderson to Wallalla. I .' 'The Blue Ridge Rai broad Company'in South Carolina'' was chartered by the Legislature of i this State in 1852 : but untoward events, among 1 them the alleged bad faith of the first contract- i ora, have prevented tho prosecution of the -i work opon it. I The total amount thoa far expended on the < road is three millions two hundred and fifty i thousand ($3 250,000) dollars. The additional i amount required to complete-it is stated by the President of the road st tbVee millions five hundred thousand ($3,500,000) dollars. This increased estimate of cost per mile over that portion already constructed is doe to the heavy amount of tunnelling that will be required in . getting through the Brue Ridge. The State lXMWwns stock in this road te the amount of one million three hundred and ten thousand ! ($1,300,000) dollars. Tbe present bonded debt of the company is , stated at two hundred and thirty thousand dol? lars ($280,000), secured by a mortgage on the . road and its running stock. Mr. J. W. Harri? son. President of the Company, states, in a re cent report that he has made of the condition : and prospects of tho Blue Ridge Railroad Com? pany, that "all that is expected of tbe State is : that she shall guarantee the bonds of the com? pany for, say turee millions of dollars, to be ; issued in such sums and at snob times as the progress of the work may require. And that the State shall provide for the payment of the interest on the bonds while the road is be? ing baili For ersmplo, tho company could perhaps expend one million of dol?an a year, for three years, in which time the road can be [ completed. Tbe State would provide fortntor est on $1,000,000: First year.$70,000 . Second year.140,000 j Third year.210,000 1 $420,000 So that by an expenditure of four honored and twenty thousand dollars, to bo raised by taxation in three years, this great enterp iso would be secured. The State would have ample security fr her guaranty. A first mortgage on the i road thus eligibly located, coating $7,500,00', ? with a debt of only three millions." > In view of tho great commercial importance 1 of the Blue Ridge Railroad to all sections of tho ' State, and of the large amount of its stock that 1 the State already holds, I recommend that your 1 honorable bodies will take into your earnest 1 consideration the expediency of furnishing tho l company such timely aid as will secare its 1 speedy completion. Tbe Blae Ridge Railroad when completed will : Sive ns a direct connection, upon the shortest ' ne, with the great West, with, all its inexhaust- ' ible supplies of pork, beef, corn and wheat, and 1 will thus cheapen many of the necessaries 1 of life to our people, and at the same time i furnish a valuable outlet for our products. The 1 city of Charleston is the nearest of all the At? lantic ports to the great States of the West, ' and by the construction of this road the wealth . of that imperial region will be poured into ber lap. She may then cast off ber widow's weeds and 1 become again the "Queen City of the Sooth." I will hereafter submit, for the consideration of the General Assembly, a plan of State aid < for this road, differing somewhat from that set j forth by its president, baaed upon the propo? sals of the most competent railroad men. STATE HOUSE. 1 invite your attention to the condition of the State House, and as the State is at present too poor to complete it in accordance with its original design, I recommend that it sb repaired and fitted np PO far aa to make i entable for the - General Assembly and th ecntive Dopartment of tbe State.. The should be executed in such a substantia proper manner that it may be made aval on the final completion of the building, this purpose I recommend that the Ge Assembly will authorize the Executive t vertise for proposals, with plans and spec tiona" from architects and builders, to be fe nutted by him to the General Assembly fi action during the present session. PENITENTI ABY AMD JAILS. I invite your attention to the conditii Se Penitentiary B .ilding, and recom? e completion of the same as soon aj finances of the State will warrant the reqx outlay. Under proper regulations and ; ci?os management, this institution may' only be rendered self-supporting, but ma] come a source of revenue to the State. I would also recommend that you will prc by law for a thorough and regular inspectic prisons throughout the Slate. I am satisfied a great sanitary reform is needed, as their sent condition makes them the means of pl cai punishment to offenders, wbo are cont within their walls for even a brief period.' true design of imprisonment should be ra to reform than to punish. ASYLUMS AMD ALUS HOUSES. The calamities of war have added hugel the number of those who. must depend u the public for Ihe support and assistance t that unfortunate condition demands. I th fore recommend that yon wiO extend your taring care to the asylums and alms bouse the State, and that they may be founded administered on a broad and liberal bi worthy of a Christian people. THE-FREEDMAN'S BUREAU. The assistance rendered by tbe Barest Refugees and Freedmen to the people of I State, has been most timely and valus While it has cared for large numbers of de tote poor, who from physical infirmity or ott wise were unable to labor, it has at the sa timo made judicious advances of provisions our planters, secured by hens upon their ere without which advances thousands of labon now usefully employed, would be nocesaai idle, and thousands of acres of land, now bc ing abundant crops, would bo lying nrifiij lt bas not only bean the chief organizer labor in tho State, during tho past two ye and a half, by supervising the execution equitable contracts between employers and t employed, enforcing the rights ot both, bm bas inaugurated and sustained a wi spread system of schools, that have bx open to au without distinction of race or col As, however, the civil function s of the Sti are being rapidly resumed, I have inform Major-General O. O. Howard, Commissioner the Burean, that it maybe dispensed with an institution in this State, Immediately a ? the civil officers shall have been elected int State, and shall enter upon the duties of tb respective offices. The several Justices of t Peace can discharge the duties that are m performed by agents of the bureau. Xbv however, requested that our people may cc tinne to receive the benefit ot the schcol ftc of the bureau as long as the same ls disbars in the several Southern States for the bene of the poor. IHE LAIS ASSA88IMAXI0NS ]X KERSHAW COU NI I have learned with profound Borrow of tl recent morder, al his residence in Karabi County, of the Hon. 8. G. W. Dui, a memb of the Constitutional Convention, and a mei ber elect of the State Senate. Mr. Dill was a Bassinated while surrounded by his family, I an armed band of lawless persona. Hr. Fr ser, a private citizen, waa slain by them at tl same time, and Mrs. Dill was seriously woun ed. The cause for this infam?os deed is m known, bot it is generally believed|to have bet political. The military authorities have bec actively investigating the matter, and ha' arrested and now hold in custody, sever persons charged with aiding in, or havir a guilty knowledge of this great crim I trust that a rigid investigation will 1 made, and that the goilty parties ma soon bo brought to justice. It should t clearly understood by all, that no man in tb: State shall be subject to violence because c his political faith or utterauces. The citize is amenable only to the law, andi iutond I enforce tbe laws of the State for the piotectio of every persootwithin its limits, peaceably I can, forcibly if I must. SUSPENSION OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS. I invite your attention to Seotion 24,. Art ?cl 1 of the Constitution, which declares that th power of suspending tho laws, or the oxeen Lion of the laws, shall never be exercised bu by the General Assembly or by authority de rived therefrom; to be exercised in such parti colar caseatinly as tbe General Assembly abai expressly provide for. While I am eatisflei that there i i no organization in tho State, hav tog for its object resistance to the laws am constituted authorities, yet prudence wooli suggest that the General Assembly^ shook tothorize the Governor to suspend'the writ o tabeas corpus "when, in cases of rebellion oi invasion, the public safety may require lt,' or when, from serious local disturb ince, the due coarse of law may bi abstracted. I woold also recommenc tbe passage of au act, providing that when a party is charged with crime in any county, sud it should appear upon proper s wo rt testimony that justice will not be done th( 3 tate upon the trial of said party io the count} wherein the crime was alleged to have beer committed, that then tho State shall be en ti? lled to a chango of venue* to the nearest adja cent county wherein justice can be done both to tbe State and the accused. It should alec be provided that the county from whioh euch change of venae is bad on behalf ot the Stats shall be required to pay the whole costs of the same. ORGANIZATION OF THE MILITIA. I invite your attention to Article 13 of tbe Constitution providing for the organization ol the m Ul tia ot this State. A well regulated mi? litia being necessary to the security of a free State, 1 trust that the General Assembly will take action opon this important subject at an early day. I am assured that the quota of arms to which the State may be entitled, according to tbe number other organized militia, will be promptly furnished by the War Department, upon the transmission of tho proper requisi? tion. 1 respectfully request that the Governor may be authorized to make requisition for one half of those arms, in the pattern of Springfield rifle, in general uso in the United States Army, and for the other half in the improved breach loading Springfield rifle, now being altered st the United States Arsenals, from the new pat? tern of muzzle-loaders. I suggest that the General Assembly shall designate by law the depositories for those anns. As soon as the militia shall be organized and equipped, the military forces of the United States, DOW in the State, pursuant to the Re? construction act? of Congress, may, with pro? priety, be dispensed with. Although that force Las been of great value in extending needed protection to-the people, yet the continued presepce of the military ia a reproach to a Re? publican State. Our government must rest apon obedience to law, and upon that willing support that the citizen should give to the in? stitutions that protect bim. MILITARY ORDERS. The several military commanders have is? sued general and special orders daring the ex? istence of the Provisional Government of the State, which I recommend that you will de? clare of binding force until repealed or ren? dered inoperative by acts of the General As? sembly. The orders referred to relate to tbe oolloetion of debts, the stay of proceedings in Ihe courts in certain cases, and the relations of landlords and tenants, kc. It will prevent great disturbance and inconvenience to many of our citizens if the operation of those orders is continued until they can be substituted by the necessary laws. Indeed, the Supreme Court of the United States has decided more than onco that military orders, issued pursuant to an act of Congross, for thc government of any domain acquired by conquest-, continue in force per se as law, until formally repealed by the regularly organized civil government. The decisions to which I refer, are found in 20th Howard, page 276, case of Eugene Leitensdorfer and Joab Houghton, plaintiffs in error vs. James J. Webb; and the oase of Cross vs. Harrison, 21st Howard, page 66. The former of these two casos was brought up by writ of error from the Supreme Court ot the Territory of New Mexico, the latter came up by writ of error- from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York, and action was brought to recover back dora paid at the port of San Francisco. Califor? nia, upon the demand of an officer of tho army, who was acting a? collector of that port under a military order. In both cases tbe Supreme Court of the United States held that the Exe? cutive authority of the United States properly established a Provisional Government, which ordained laws and instituted a judicial aye tem; all of which) continued in force after the termi? nation of the war, and until modified by the direct legislation of Congress, or by the Terri? torial Government established by ito authority. Although the case of South Carolina is not identical with that of New Mexico or the Terri? tory of California, yet the same principle of ex pediem-y would appear to be involved io all, and the same wise policy requires the mainte? nance of many existing mDitxry orders to bridge over the transition period that must in? tervene between tho cessation of the military government and the enactment by the General Assembly of the statutes necessary for the reg? ular administration of the State in its various departments. S .{LAMES OF STATE OFFICERS. In view of tho impoverished condition of tho treasury, and the necessity for the most rigid economy, in order to maintain the credit of the State, I recommend that the salaries of all State officers sbadl be placed at such a figure au will secute to them only a reasonable com? pensation for the discharge of their several duties. In fixing these salaries, due allowance may properly be made for the difference be? tween the gold rate at which they were former? ly paid and tho present market value of the currency; and as the offices were created for the benefit of the public, and not for the emolument of particular individuals, th oso who hold them may well be content with a fair compensation for the service that they m iy render to the State. 1 further recommend tb at you provide by law for the appointment by the Governor of a private Secretary, at such a salary aa will se? cure the necessary clerical skill and intelli? gence for the proper discharge of all the du? ties of such office. CONCLUSION. Our gratitude is due to the Giver of all good for the bright promises of an abundant harvest now visible throughout the State. Permit me to express the' hope that in all your delibe? rations the spirit of hnrmooy and mutual forbearance, so necessary to the dignity of a legislative body, may bo carefully preserv? ed, and that our new State, through your wisdom and prudence, may inscribe upon the opening pages of its history, a record unsul? lied by the petty warfare of local interests, and thai every member of your "body will bear in mind that be owes not merely a duty to tho particular locality that he represante, tnt thai the whole Stale of South Carolina now calls upon him for the unselfish service of his held and heart. Let us hope that the era ot good feeling may soon retara to the entire people of the State, and that they will soon re? gard themselves not simply as the inhabitants of an isolated section, put aa citizen s of a great nation, whose ships may float in safety upon every sea, and whose flag is the respected symbol of power and lib ar tv in every lana! I trust, gentlemen, that the Omniscient Euler of the Universe may sustain and direct you in the arduous duties that he before you, that all your acts may inure to the common good of our whole people. ROBERT K. SCOTT, Governor of South Carolina. (City ?Utofrttseraf nts. MOT?C?C~ OFFICE CHIEF OF DETECTIVES, 1 CHIWT.ESTQH, 8. C., July 0,186a ) BECO VER ED, AND BROUGHT TO THIS OF? FICE, a number of CANARY BIRDS. Patties losing the sania will please call, prove property and pay expenses. H. W HENDRICK*, First Lieut and Chid of City Detectives. Approved : C. B. OIQWALD, Chief of Police. July 9_?_'i_ CITY TAXES-SECOND INSTALMENT. CI IY TREASURY, 1st July, 1868.-Uuder an Ordlosuce "To Baise Suzhou for the year 1868," the SECOND INiiTALMEN)' OF TAX.KS ON REAL ESTATE is required cu or before tho last day of July, and if not paid c\eou lieus shall issue In twenty days thereafter. S. THOMAR, July 1 City Treasurer. CITY TREASURY, JULY 1, 1868.-NO? TICE TO HOLDERS OF FIOK LOAN COU? PONS.-The File Loan coupons due this day and payable in tho City of New York, will be paid on pre? sentation at this Office. 8. THOMAS, July 2 City Treasurer. OFFICE CHI ti*' OF POLIO K.-MAIN c?UARDHOU-E, CHARLESTON, & 0., April 7, 1868.-NOTICE.-The Ordinance prohibiting the firing of guns, pistols, squibs, Ac, within the city limits, will hereafter be strictly enforced. Shooting ou the farms, streets, lanes and roads south of the Forks of the Road-is a viqlaliou of the ordinance. By order of Mayor COGSWELL. 0. B. SIGWALD, Aprils 0 Chief of Police. jpROCLAMAT I 0~N . STATE OF BOOTH CAROLINA. CITY OF CHARLESTON. Whereas, there is reason to believe tbat the fire which occurred on the .?ornmg of tho 22d instant was the work of an incendiary: Now, know all men By these presents that I, Mil? ton Cogswell. Mayor of the city .tforesaid, do offer a reward of ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS for the dis? covery ind proof to conviction, in any court of com? petent jurisdiction, ot the party or ptrttes who fired the building on Meeting-street, lately occupied by Me s gr *. Do wie A Moise, which was burnt down, with another, on the morning above stated. Witness my band thia twenty-second day of June, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and sixty eight MTf.TON COGSWELL, Mayor. W. H. SMITH, Clerk of OoudL June Xi QITH TAX KS-MUM ILLY RETURNS, OFFICE OF TBE CITY ASSESSOR I CiTY Hann, July 1st, 1808. ( Notice is hereby given to all concerned, that the monthly Returns for the month of June post, in com? pliance with the Tax Ordinance, ratified on the 28th of January, 1868, must be made on or befare the 15th instant. TAXIS OH TBS FOLLOWING ABE PAYARLE MONTHLY. On all sale? af Goods, Wares and Merchandize, in? cluding sales by Bakers, Butchers, Hucksters, and by dealers m Rice, Lumber, Hay, Grain and Naval Stores. On all gross receipts of all Street Railroads. On all gross receipt? of all Express Companies, j OB til sales st Auction. / On all Carriages and Buggies. / On all income derived from the pursuit/of any faculty, profession, occupation or employment On the gross receipts of all Commercial Agencies. On all commissions received by Factors, Commis? sion Merchants, Bankers, Brogers, and others. On all uraniums received for or by any Insurance Corni any, or by agencies for individ?ala or compa? nies. On all gross receipts of all Gas Companies. On every Horse and Mulo used or kept within the city, exoepiing horses or mnles used in any public licensed carriage, cart, dray, or ether vehicle. On ah Retail Dealers in ail articles whatsoever. Un a l Barbor Shops. On sh gross rf eeipt? of Hotels sad Public Eating and Boarding Bouses, On all receipts of Livery Stable Keepers. On tue gross receipts of Cotton Presses. On the gross receipts of all Printing Offices, News? papers and Publishing Houses. On all Goods sold iu the dty by persons not resi? dent, by sample or otherwise. On all sales of Horses and Mules brought to the city. On sajes ol Stocks, Bonds, and other securities. On the gross leccipts nt Magnetic Telegraph Com? panies. On the gross receipts of all Tavern Keepers and Liquor Dealers. All the defaulters will be dealt with as the ordi? nance directs. W. N. HUGHES, July 1 15 City Assessor. T^RUCUS AND MEDICINES, JUST RECEIVED EY E. H. KELLERS & CO. BOTFLIES OF HOSTETTEB'S, HOOI'LAND'S AND HOLLETON BITTERS. Ayer's, Jsynes' Wright's, Radway's, Cephalic Beckwltb's Holloway's, Sanford's and Brandroth'a PUIs. Gray's, Holloway's, Dalley's, McAllsters', Rus? sian. David's and Morehead's Ointment. Hegeman's Fcrrated Bark and Cod Liver Oil and Benzine, Burnett's Cod Liver Oil, Ayer's Sarsapa? rilla, Cherry Pectoral and Ague Cure, bc. Ac. Country orders solicited, and will meet with prompt attention. E. H. KELLERS A CO., february 17 itu No. 131 Meeting-street H E ll E R ' S FASHIONABLE BARBER'S SALOON, IS AT No. 93 MARKET-STREET, South side, between King and Meeting streets. Mr. HEUER lu a German Barber, has been thor? oughly trained to hts business, and is prepared to serve his friends and thc public generally m tho ?ere ral branches of his art, viz: SHAVING HAIRDRESSING " SHAMPOOING HAIR DYING Ac Ar January ll leo ? riItttiw?. J^l SS?LL'S BOOK 8TOKB. WEEKLY LIST NSW BOOKS, Ac. MORT* E D'ARTH UR. Slr Thomas Malory's Book of Klag Arthur, and of hts" Noble Knight? ot tbs Bound Table. With an tttrcdnction fey Sir Sd. stiachey, Bart. 12 mo. Olom. $175. PASE, lian; Where, Whence, iud Whither, batas a Glance at alan in hie Natural Bl?torv ReJatJoaa. By David Page. LL. D" F. B. & E., ff. G. &, author of Past and Present, Life of tho Gtooe, Philoeophy of Geology, Geology tor General Beadell, Ac, Ac IQ mo. tl SO. 8EWALL. Evenings with the Bible and Setene?. 1 voL 18mo. SI 26. BLEDSOE. The Philosophy of Mlltssiilllia llllj reference to Oeornatry and the InluiHet?mW AleifcoJ By Albert baylor Bledsoe, A. M. LL. O. 12raa, cloth, ti. LOOMIS. A Treatise on Meteorology, witta Cot lection of Meteorological Tables. By Elias Loomis, LL. D.. Professor ol Natural Ph?oephy and Astrono? my in Tale f'o?ege, and author cfs Course of Mathe? matica. 8vo. $2. oz AN AM. History ct civilization ia fm? Ptita Century, translated, by perm tasten, from the Preach ol A_ Fred. Ozanam, late Professer o? French litera? ture in the Faculty of Letters at Paris, BfA. O Glyn, B. A. 3 vols., limo. S3 60. FBgBE. Old Deccan Dava, or Hindoo Fairy Le? gend? Currant in Boutaern Tnrrls, collected from oral tradition. By M. Frere, Ti th sn introduction and notes by by (-rr Bartie Frere. illustrated, HBSO. ? 60. . VAN BOECKE. Mt rc airs ol the Confederate War for Independence. By Hens Von ne-**. lately Chief of Staff to Gen. J. EB. Stuart 1 val, Wi? map. ; 2 75. YONGE The Pu pila of SfJohn tho Divina By the author of The Heir of RedclyfTe, with four iOus traMous by E. Armitage, A. B. A- London. S3. BOG EBP. Essays Crom Good Words: Ten Essuya, originally published ia "Good Words." Bj Henry Bogen, author of "The Eclipse of Faith." I VOL, 12 mo. $176. M'ME RECAMIEB9. Memoirs and_ dence of Madame Beeamier. 1 vot,ljno. ta, M 'rae SwctcMne'a Lila and Letters. 1 Tai., limo. $S> . 8T. BEUTE. Portraits of Celebrated Women. 1 vol., 12 rpo, ta, BECKFORD. Vatha*, an Arabisa Tale, by Wm. Beckford, with notes critical and explanatory. 1 voL Sias. 8T. CLAIR, Sainty Dishes : Eect?pta caflected hy Lady Harriet SI Claia. 1 vol tm KJK NEW NOVELS. Beaumarchais SI 60. Fairfax, by aten Cooke, SI 76. Malbrook. SITS. Artfavt Dream, Si 75. Lo?* Bama. SO mala. Crakaapaax*. by anthor Guy LU ir.jstone, 60 cents. Poor Bmuo ity, 60 cents. Ennur, 75 cents. Gerald Estcourt 76 rents. Lorda and l idie, 76 cents. /une? -j^ELJABLK TBJXT HOOKS. "THE BEET OW THEXa CXAflS. " QUACEEHBOS' ABITHJIETICS: . Practical, SI; Elementary, SO cents; Primary - cents;'Montai (nearly ready), 50 ( Thia Perles lt meeting with a most gratifying re? ception from teachers everywhere, sad ls SSSSB)1 what ts needed lor mental discipline, aa well as for a pxsetkal preparation te tim busmass of We. It ta clear, thorough, comprehensive, logically visaged, well ended, ts supplied with a great variety cf ex? amples, and teaches the m?thode actually used by business men. . Special attention is asked to the PsAoxniu*. na mini uni lin siij si i ni sm flin fi mn anna saan j wits its methods arc tho shortest possible. Above au, lt ls adapted to Ute present atate of things, the last five years, specie psyaisntshsvs bl pended, prices havo doubled, the tarin* has 1_ tend, a natl coud tax levied, Ac Our book recog? nize? all these changes, Aim rx ai TBS out 0X8 THAT noss-the nni] rintrunnltri ttl it drnrln- fha different classes of united States Securities, and shows how to find the comparative results of tirVSSt* monta tn them, Uaed in the PnbHc Schools of Haw Y ort. Brooklyn, Albany, Jersey City, Sc., and giv? ing the highest satisfaction. No progressive teacher can afford to use any other. QUACKENB0S' GRAMMARS: An English Graromar, SI; First Book in Grammar, 60 cents. Clear, well ..ondensed, and consistent throughout; brief in its ruli a and definitions; happy in ita Illus? trations ; practical in its application of principles; in? ductive and philosophical tn its arrangement ; origi? nal in its viewii; bold in ita reforms, r-~?r? say adopted to the schoolroom; interesting to the pupil; labor-saving to tbe teacher; full and ingenious in its explanations ot perplexing constructions; makes the learning of Grammar easy; makes the i*acti<ng ot Grammar A pourrira PLEASURE. Such ls tile verdict pronounced on Quicken bos' Grammar by our best educators. Hosts of recommendations published in our Circular. yHACKENBOV ILLUSTRATED SCHOOL HISTO? RY OF THE UNITED STATES. Brought down to 1866. sa. Quackenbof.' Primary History U. S. For begin? nen. SI. Quackenboe' First Lessons in English Composition. 90 cents. Quicken boa' Advanced Course of Composition and Rhetoric, SI 76. Quackenboe" Natural Philosophy. SSS DJ nitra? tions. $3. Cornell's Geographies. Primary. Bat Issi and brought down to 1867. 90 cents. Inturmediate, with a carefully Revised Text and New Map?, (the most magnificent ever preoanted in sn American school-book), SI 60. Grammar Behool. SI 60. High School GeogiSphy and Atlas. S3 fi) Harkness' Latin TcxfrBoota. Latin Grammar, SI 75. Latia Reader, SI 60. Introductory Latin Boot, SI 26. Youmans'New Chemistry. 350 Engravings. $2. Huxley and Youreans* Physiology-TEX WUSS. OB thia important subject. 1M Sngraving*. $3. Specimen copies of any of tits above works e postpaid, to Teachers afta School Orneen an i of one-half the retail price. Favorable terms i for Introduction. Why use Inferior books whan TSP; BxsT an within reach ? Address D. APPLETOS av co., Nos. 90,92 and 94 Grand-street. New Fork; May 2 nae mos i I 'll JJaJLm *^ S H CROFT'S, LOW WATER DETECTOR PREVENIS THE EXPLOSION OB BUBS USG OUT OF STEAM BOILERS. THE PRIME CAUSE OF STEAM BOILES EX? PLOSIONS ARISES FROM A DEFICIENCY OF WATER IN THE BOILER WHILE IS ' ACTION. EXPLOSIONS FROM DEFICIENCY OF WATER? LOW water in steam bollen la no unusual occur? rence Imminent danger frequently arises frc m thia cause, and lt cannot be too forcibly unpins-J upon tho minds of engineers, that then is no part of tho apparatus constitu? tag tb* mountings of a boiler which requires greater attention than that which sap plies lt with water, In a properly conetrncted boil? er eve 17 part of the metal exposed to the action of the fire should bo in immediate contact with tire wa? ter, and when proper provision is made to maintain tho water at a sumoent height above tis? Batts a? exposed, accidents can never occur from thu Mas. Should the water, however, get lo? from deft cte in the pump, and the surface over tile fire become over? heated, then, even at the ordinary working pressure, then is great danger of an exploekn. There Is no occasion, under rmch circumstances, to search farth? er for the caus? of explosion, from the fact that tba material, when overheated to a certain donne lassa a boot five-sixths of its strength, and is, therefore, nuable to resist the internal pressure. When a boiler becomes short of water, the first thing usual? ly done ls to pat the teed pump in action; tins cer? tainly remedies thc deficiency, but increases tba danger, and may lead to the explosion of toe boiler Ashcroft'! Low Water Detect cor is eminently fitted to guard against accidents caused by low water. It needs not the care or attention of. toe en 'in tor or fireman to keep it in order. Opera 'ing bv the force of natural laws, lt takes can oflt saU, and ls only called into action by the fall QI tho .rifer below any fixed level, and toen lt gives toe flarra to all witton sound of the whistle of a defi? cient supply of water. It stands as a watchful monitor over the mags rina of power on which lt is placed, and not only guard* it, but notifies the attendant, If ho ls forgetful or negligent of his duty. JOHN K. TAYLOR & CO., Agents, PHONIX IBON ?WORKS, No?. 4, ti and 6 PIUTCHARD-STEEET June 13_Ino -p H. KELLERS dC GO., DRUGGISTS AND APOTHECARIES, No. 131 MEETING-STREET, NBAS MARKET FRESH ADDITIONS OF DRUGS, MEDICINES AND CHEMICALS RECEIVED WEEKLY ?-PRESCRIPTIONS PDT UP WITH CARE -?a. January ? tnfljs