The Charleston daily news. (Charleston, S.C.) 1865-1873, February 10, 1868, Image 1

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VOLUME VI.-NUMBER 773.] [EIGHTEEN CENTS A WEEK BY TELEGKAPH. Our European Dispatches. [PER ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.] MINISTER ADAMS RESIONED-FENIAN ATTEMPT AT RESCUE-BISMARCK SICK-NAPOLEON AND THE POPE, ETC., ETC., ETC. LONDON, February 8.-Tho resignation of Minister Adams ia announced by the press. Mr. Adams expresses the usual complimentary regrets. Farragut has beeu received at Florence with special honors. Bismarck announces that the commercial treaty with the United Stales is progressing favorably. LONDON, February 8.-Napoleon has altered ais policy toward the Pope in Italy in a sudden and remarkable manner. He evinces a dis? position to abandon the position of champion of the Holy See, being assured, it is said, of the existence of Bourbon intrigu?e emanat? ing from Rome. The Imperial diplomacy with Borne bas become colder, while the friendly relations hitherto existing with Victor Eman? uel are to be renewed. Queen Isabella is forced to dissolve the Papal Legion which waa being recruited under her warrant in Madrid, as Napoleon flatly objects to its service in the cause of the Holy See. CORK, February 8.-A desperate attempt was made to rescue the Fenian Capt. Mackey. The police had to beat off the mob. PABIS, February 8.-Young Iturbide Maxi? milian's heir, has enlisted in the Papal Zouaves. BERLIN, February 8.-Binmarck's health com? pels several months relaxation, during which time he will travel through Europe. In the meantime the Minister of the Finance will act as Premier. ATHENS, February 8.-A new cabinet has been formed, with Bulgaria at tho head. LONDON, February 8.-Noon_Consols 93^a 93?. Bonds 71$. LONDON, February 8.-Evening.-Securities unchanged. LIVERPOOL, February 7_Evening.-Cotton closed active and firm. Uplands in port, 8d. to arrive, 7|d.; Orleans, 8?d. Sales 20, OOO bales. Afloat, 238.0U0, including 185,000 Ameri? can. Manchester advices favorable. LIVERPOOL, February 8.-Noon.-Cotton firm. Sales 15,000 bales. Prices unchanged. Breadstuffs quiet. LIVERPOOL, February. 8.-Evening.-Cotton closed active and higher. Sales 18,000 bales. Uplands, on the spot, 8a3id.; to arrive, 8d.; Orleans, 8^a8id. Lard 54s. Common Rosin | 69. Turpentine 30s. South American News. NEW YORK, February 9.-The Rising Star D,inge one and a quarter million in treasure. The ithmus and Central American news is un? important. Lima alices to January 22 mention tliat President Canico had arrived at Callao. Some minor fights had occurred in the South, but tranquility had been restored, and the whole republic now recognizesCanseco's government. The reported revolution in Bolivia had proved to be only a local outbreak, which was easily suppressed. Valparaiso dates to January 10 state that Chilian agents were to leave in March for tho United States, Great Britain, Ac, to obtain im? migrants for the southern portion of Chili. Salt works on a large seal? ar? ancrn lo ^ - tablishcd near VaJu&raitfO. The Japanese Monitor Stonewall arrived at Valparaiso January 6, in thirty-six days from Montevideo. Another Revolution tn Mexico. GALVESTON, Februarv 8.-Tho Bureau of Mex? ican Intelligence, Brownsville, sends the follow ingnews: Another revolution has broken out under Valdes. A detachmont of government troops has been routed by the revolutionists. An expedition from Tabazco starts under com? mand of one Bastia to march on the capital. Mendez is reported as pri me mover. General Sanchez Ociied, an Ortegist, has been arrested and imprisoned at San Luis Potosi. There is a movement on foot in the State of Vera Cruz to detach several villages from that State to form a new one. From all parts ot the interior come reports of robberies, kidnapping, etc Francisco S. Palaccio has been elected Gover? nor of the State of Durango. The Gife Foli ticio of Puebla has ordered the imprisonment of persons unable to pay their debts. Two Amerioans named Cook and Pillow, en route for Tuxpan, were murdered by Mexicans near Vittoria. They were emigrants from Wako, Texas. Canales, Guoraga and Caravajal, are organ? izing near Camargo, in Tamaulipas, prepara? tory to a revolution. Their agents are in BrownsviUe purchasing arms and munitions. Troops havo been sent from Matamorae to fight them wherever found. An oxpedition which started under Telix Pisa to invado Tlapa failed, owing to the desertion of the National Guards. Tho ball v.ill open shortly. Corte?a has threatened a revolution if Juan Jose de La Sar8a was not given possession of the gub ornatorial seat of Tamaula, which he claims having won in the last election. lc fe C t? S: QI ll] d( m BS b< bl til tu Our Washington Dispatches. S ALNAVE EXCOMMPNICATED-THE OHIO LEGISLA? TURE DEMANDS THE REPEAL OF THE RECON UTUCTION ACTS-THR PRESIDENT TO BE IM? PEACHED-QOVERNOR ORB RE-ENFRANCHISED, ETC., ETC., ETC. WASHINOTON, February [8.-Haytien advices to the 17th ult., have been received. Tho French clergy have excommunicated Salnave, who had established a sort of Feti?h religion. The British Government disregards Salnave's request for the recall of the British Legation. The Ohio Legislature have adopted resolu? tions requesting tho repeal of the Reconstruc? tion acts, and denouncing the pending Supple? mentary and Supreme Court bills. The Reconstruction Committee had a stormy session, but did nothing definite. Mr. Beck, of Kentucky, was added to the sub-committee on the President's alleged violation of law in forbidding Grant to obey 8tanton. Grant will be the first witness. Thia evening's Express savs: "The feeling arnon? the majority of the committee is undoubtedly in favor of impeach? ment, and there is reason to behove that a re? solution to this effect Will shortly be reported to the House." Before adjourning to-dav tho committee agreed to report a bill to remove the political disabilities imposed by tho Reconstruction acts of Gov. Holden, of N. C., Gov. Orr, of S. C., and Gen. Longstreet, of the late Confederate army. It was reported that Mr. Brooks moved to add the name of Gen. Beauregard, but the commit? tee refused to include him. The National Bank statement shows no im? portant changes: Tho revenuo to-day is $335,000. For the week $4,250 000. For the year $120,500,000. A oommittee from Cleveland is coming hero to secure the holding ot the Natioual Demo? cratic Convention at that place. The sub-committee of the Reconstruction Committee have power to send for persons and papers. Among those summoned are Grant, the members of the Cabinet, including Stan? ton, J. B. Stillaon of tho New York World, and two members of v.rant's staff. Grant failed to appear this afternoon. The committee ex? amined Stillsou. The Senate Territorial Committee will re? port in favor of Colarado's admission. General Banka is sick. S. M. McKcan, for tlfty years distributing clerk in the treasury department, is dead. Tin- Reconstruction Conventions. VTBOrKIA. RICHMOND, February 8.-The section of the constitution authorizing the creation of bureaus of agriculture and immigration were adopted. In the debate, a Conservative, urged that legislation against immigration was calculated to inaugurate P. war of races. A colored dele Rate, in ropiy, said that such a war would never be inaugurated by the blacks. NOBTH CAROLINA. RALEIGH, February 8.-The proceedings to? day were of no general importance. GEOBGIA. ATLANTA, February 7.-A tax of one-tenth of ono per cent, on all taxable property, to defray the expenses of the convention, has been im posed. The resolution for the expulsion cf the noto- I j rions Bradley (colored) was made tho special arder for Tuesday. The adopted report on the franchise recog aizea no distinction between the races, and ? arovides that all voters shall have paid their ;axes. If challenged, they shall make oath that ;heir votes are not affected by any reward re? lived or expected, and that they have not given ir promised any reward, or made any threat to irevent any one from voting. LOUISIANA. JSEW OBLEAWS, February 8.-The convention ?tempted to repeal the act of the legislature uthorizing the issue of levee bonds, but the aatter was indefinitely postponed. The convention to-day adopted an ordinance I ? iroviding for election and ratification of the 1 on6titution immediately after the adjourn- - nent, leaving the date blank. Another ordi- - lance provides that the election of State, y adici?l, municipal and parish officers, State .legislature and Congressional Representatives e held at the same time as the ratification r f the constitution. II FLORIDA. TALLAHASSEE, February 8.-The minority ? f the convention is still in secret session to- y. ay. In the morning the constitution was g( igned. Many delegatss have come to the con- ej lusion that they have been proceeding regard- n (ss of law and precedent, and concluded <;here- c? ?re not to adjourn until they had beare, from -J reneral Meade. - The convention have nominated a State _. ckot, consisting of Bilh'ngs for Governor, pi mnders (colored), for Lieutenant-Governor, id Gibbs (colored), for Congress. ^ A mass meeting of negroes, favoring the ^ linority, was held to-day. A colored mi aority W| ?legate called for the hanging of the seceding ? j embei-3 by some of the crowd. The speaker nD lid, "burn them." The delegates claiming to ac 3 the majority of the convention will proba y assemble on Monday, and proceed as it icre had been no interruption and no consti tion acted on. I ii* New Alabama Constitution. Ca *?-----> ^"'""'J - - ?-il ot Pa uuiBumery Macon, Lee, timor*-. m-???iwDo, ,-=y hambers, Bullock, and Coosa Counties, foots ) 13,159-all negroes but 77. The vote cast caJ the same counties on the convention quea sn wa? 17,590-registered vote 30,043. It is m o soon to estimate, but the indications are 0TI latthe constitution is defeated. co Louisiana Affairs. | th NEW ?ELEAN8, February 7.-General Han >ck has ordered the establishment ci new tri lilitary posts on tho Northwestern frontier. he Geoeral Hancock has removed twelve alder- tr< ten and assistant aldermen who voted for the solution in favor of military appointments. Ul -.- at Fire In Norfolk. bi NonroLH, February 8.-Eight brick houses to ?d one frame house, including the "Journal" tu Kee and telegraph office, have been burned, oas $100,000. rc -.- tc Market Reports. y NEW YOEE, February 8.-Gold 142j. Money ^ nd Sterling steady. Old Bonds, 111*. Flour uiet and steady. Wheat dropping. Cora 1 cont oj etter. Pork a shade finner, at $22 7?. Lard Q teady. Cotton firm at 19Ja20. Freights firm. n, turpentine irregular al 60$a(*5. Rosins, y trained, 3 3-16a 31 ti EVENING.-Cotton firmer but less active ; ?ales 3000 bales ; Middlings 20. Flour more t, 'live for export and speculation, pr ces un- a hanged. Whoat unchanged. Corn l:i2c. bet? er ; Now Western mixed $1 27al 29 ; ?southern r, vhite $1 20al 28. Pork firmer $22 85. Lard p jal4?. Turpentine 60a60?. Rosin $3a$6 00. fj heights firm. Money easy at 3a4 per ct. with ? t liberal supply. Gold 42*. Sterling dull. Cot- tl ;on bills 109. C BALTTMOBE, February 8.-Cotton firm at 19| i20. Flour firm. Wheat dull and steady. c Cora finn, white $1 IGal 20; yollow and western 0 nixed $l'T8al 20. Oats active at 75a77. Pro- t risions firm and quiet. ? CINCINNATI, February 8.-Flour duli and un- . changed. Corn easier and in better s apply; in i :hc ear 84c. 4000 bales of Cotton wero pur- t ;hascd on speculation. New Meas Pork $22. ^ Bacon unchanged. Lard buoyant at ?i2c. ST. LOUIS, February 8.-Flour quijt. Corn Juli at 83a85. Provisions firm. Shoulders 9$; Clear Sides 12?. Lard 13al3$. j LOUISVILLE, Fobruary 8.-Suporflna flour 8a 3$. Lard 14]. Mess Pork $22. Shoulders IO]; Clear Sides 13]. AUOUSTA, February 8.-Cotton firm at ll,. sales, 740; receipts, 820. ( SAVANNAH, February 8.-Cotton opened quiet and firm, and closed aotive; Middling, I8i; re- . ceipta, 3025; sales, 18(50. ( MOBILE, February 8.-Market opened quiet at 184, and closed firm at 18$; receipts, 2184; salos, 2500; exports, 3971. NEW OBLEANB, February 8.-Cotton activo, firmer; MiddliiiRS I84al8$c.; sales 5200 bales; receipts 4168; exports 5527. Sugar and Molasses firm; tending upwards. Flour unchanged. Corn firm at $1.05. Oats unchanged. Pork asking $11.50; clear $14.50. Lard, tierces, 14]a 15c. Storling 52a5S$. York Sight i discount. Gold 40$. NEW OBLEANS, February 8.-Sterling 52a53?. York Sight A discount. WILMINGTON, February 8.-Spirits of Turpen? tine buoyant at 55. Rosin steady, No. 2, $2 25. Cotton advanced 4; Middling, 17$. Tar firm at $2 20. -The gin houBe of J. Rufus Symthe, of Greenville, with twenty-five bales of cotton was burned down ou Friday night. Fivo negroes have been anested on suspicion. -The Lancaster Ledger learrjs that the South Carolina Conference of the African M. E. Zion Church, will convene at this olace on tho third Wednesday in March, next, it 10 o'clock M., Bishop Clinton, of New York, presiding. OUR FIRST RAILROAD. ORIGIN. -PROGRESS- COMPLETION. PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT CONDITION. WHAT'S Ut A NAME-THE REVOLUTION-YIGD1AN0E COMMITTEES-TEN YEAHS TOTE-COMMENCE? MENT AND CLOSE OF THE WAR-ONE YEAS A OX)--CONCLUSION. A c., Aa, &o. On Friday there was published a history of the South Carolina Railroad from its projec? tion to the opening of the Camden branch, ' ind the completion of tho union of the roads (rom Charleston to Hamburg, and from , Branchville to Columbia. It is well, before 1 proceeding further, to state briefly how the 1 South Carolina Railroad obtained its present j ; o rp ora to name. WHAT'S TN A NAME? In 1827 the State Legislature passed an aot 1 ncorporating tho "South Carolina Canal and j kilroad Company," with power to construct a ' aurosd or a canal, or a railroad and a canal, ? rom the City of Charleston, on the most prac- I icable routes, to each of the towns of Colum- ( lin, Camden and Hamburg. This act was r Qodifled by the act of 1828, which directed the c onBtruction of a railroad to Hamburg, with t 'branches thereof to Columbia." In 1833, an ct was passed enacting that all lands unap- I a .ropriated within ono mile of the centro of the I v iain track of the road of the South Carolina i ?anal and Railroad Company and its branches, j t] e vested in the said company. In 1834, a survey of the route from Branch- ri ille to Columbia was made by % committee of J a itizens of Columbia, and a survey was also e lade by the Canal and Railroad Company. j ? In 1835, the Louisville, Cincinnati and ri harleston Railroad Company was chartered tl >r the purpose of establishing a communica- A on by railroad between ?he cities of Cincin- ft uti and Charleston; and this company acquir- j o] i from the South Carolina Canal and Railroad ni ompany the right to construct a line connect- fe lg Branchville ai.d Columbia. The project for connecting Columbia with io Ohio River was abandoned, because a con-1 Ci nuous charter through all thc intermediate 0f :ateB could not bo obtainod; and, in 1837, thc j tv ;pediency of the purchase of the road from ai ?arleston to Hamburg by tho Louisville, Cin- fo nnati and Charloaton Railroad, was discus -> pi L In October, 1837, th9 directors of the $o auisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad fr, are formally authorized to negotii to for the Vc irchase of the franchises and property of thc jt luth Carolina Canal and Railroad Company, tri id in 1838 the purchase was effected. Tho to tuth Carolina Railroad and Canal Company I re is merged in thc Louisville, Cincinnati and larleston Railroad Company, and in 1843 thc wt ime of this latter company was changed by W? tof tho Legislature to the South Carolina tia lilroad Company, the namo which it has ever pr ice borne. t^ 1845 TO 1847. wl ?lien the first annual report of tho "South he rolina Railroad" was made in 1845, tho com- au ny Rod in Us puwofleion twenty-two loco- te( ierewere eigliteen passenger and Daf/gage pa: rs, and two hundred and eighty-three freight bo rs, one hundred and forty-seven of whioh wo ter were the old "canvas sides," of iuconBid- All ible capacity. Tho locomotives could not cany 18! ;rain with more than five hundred bales of tton;-three years later the now onginos ol roi e company could carry fifteen bundrod bales, of Already tho hill at Aiken was beginning to th jublo the company. The grade was too wc .avy for tho locomotives then in uso, and the th Etina wore hauled up and lot down by a rope lei irked by a stationary engine. It was found at the heaviest load that could be takon over of any one timo was a train of oars with 120 afi des of cotton, and it was estimated that it bc ok nearly three hours to pass a train of tho yo mal sizo over the inclined plane. ar At a meeting held in 1816 iL waa resolved to nc ?commend the projected road from Columbia fr i Chorlotte to the favorable consideration of ps ie city and State,-on account ot its impor- bt ince to the South Carolina Railroad, to tho re- d( ion through which it paesed, and to tho City bi f Charleston. This was the beginning of the harlotte and South Carolina Road, whioh is ow desired to be used as a means of injuring C lia city, as well aa the road for whoso ad van- c< igo it waa built. c< A proposition was also juade to remove the ai ?irainal dopot of tho South Carolina Railroad d L Charleston to the Cooper River. Thia gave ci iso to a lons discussion, which ended in the O? yection of tho plan suggested. Tao principal a; ersons in favor of the removal wore James n iadsden, President; J. BL DeSausaurc, J. E. 8 lalhoun, and R. W. Gibbos, of Columbia; uud b he principal opponents woro Mayor Schnierlo, tl Colonel iiemmmgor and Charlea Edmonuton. tl In 1847, nearly all the original material of the ii ompany had disappoarod. Every ono ol' thc 7 ld engines wero stricken from tho rolls, with he exception of tho "Edisto, ' which was con- il lemned and ordored to bo broken up. The n 'Beat Friend," tho "Phoinix," the "farawell," t he "West Point," had dono their work, and c lad passed away to make room for their more s lonfierous and powerful descendants. o THE SITUATION IN 1848. . " Revolutions in Europe had no effect upon a he peaceful progress of the South Carolina c toad; and, while kings wero slipping across ? he frontier in disguice, and princes were Wieli? ng they had never seen a coronet, tito main * .ailroad of tho South named c ne of its loco- ^ notives "Buena Visita," hi honor of thc Mcxi- 0 ?an war, and quietly kept tho even tenor of its 3 vay. TbiB engine of honor soon exploded, aa c lid thc remembrance of thc war itself in later ? lays. f A VIGILANT COMMITTEE. 6 In 1848 a Committoe of Inspection mado a c report, and it was anything but a flattering 11 Dne. Tho depots were too small, and goods bad to tn refused for want of accommodation. All thc workshops wero dilapidated, influm- ( mable woodeu structures, without light, and i with no protection from tho weather. Cars \ wero loaded at the ends instead of at tho sides, i and, out of a reported total of thirty-nine lo- i eomotivee, only twenty were o? a serviceable ' size. But time was tho thief that tho commit- : tee wished to catch. It appeared that it look ; the trains twenty-eight hours to ran-or walk from Charleston to Columbia, and thirty-three i hours from Charleston to Hamburg. Surely this was mortal slow, worse even than thc dawdling of Confederate days; but the inclined plano at Aiken was made tho scape-goat, and upon it all the blame was laid. Tiie poor Camden Branch thou came in for a gentle hint to do better. It was complained that there were no sleepers miming tho whole length of the raile, and that the crosB-tiea had no other than an earth foundation. Thia was declared to be injurious to road and machinery, and dangerous to pisogers.' It is n tbat tho longitudinaUoper is not i and that tho earth is e best and mo foundation ; but theimmittee kne* of all this, and, not owing, know 1 In November, 1848, s Camden Br completed, and tho rale road, inclu main-stem and Columi and Camden I was ranked as first-ess by the Unit Postmaster-General. Business was improving, and the ,mpany had m seven hundred and flt persons in its TEN YE;B' TIME. In 1850 the freight tins were joggi at the rate of six miletn hour, but lc is not always safety. Tho trestle Wateree Swamp gave vy with an en| ten freight oars ; and r threo*and a miles the trestles fell ID a pack of car no lives were lost. A about this ti: company moved their harleston dep tfary-street to the castlated building ?treet, which, to this dy, is a monut ;he engineering skill i President G [t has one great fault- is useless for 1 jose for which it was blt. In 1852 the rebuildmpand relaying ?eavy iron rail, of the Bmburg road w >leted, and, later ir the year, the 'James L. Petigru" aploded, by wbic lent tho engineer ardoo li firemen wen 'art of the bridges accus the Savanni bongaree Rivers had hen finished, and oad, which avoided ;ho ad "scape-gi lined plane" at Aiket wai happily in ion. In 1852 the Direction wa authorized n additional track fron. Carleston to B ille, an authorization whih was withdr 857, as the single track RS quite equa bo demands which trafBcmade upon it, In 1858 James Gadeda, President < oad during its greatest nancial daffie nd Colonel Wade Hamptn, one of thi fficient and valuable morbors of tho ] ied. But progress was.he word, ari lents wero made to run tlrousrh to Atla lirty-six hours, tho new railroad brid ugusta was completed, ad the spacial eight, depot on Ann-stret, Charlestoi pened and occupied, lt) 1860 the is sw shares was authorized to pr?vido i ?r extinguishing the fundd debt. TOE COMMENCEMEN70F THE WAE. Early in 1861, the alttrtion of the i irolina Road was directec to the impor 'scouring an improved coinection hy ra reen Charleston and Souhwestern Ge< id Southern Alabama. Aproject was th ot for securing this end and the con: omptly carno to its assiitance, subscr 50,000 to insure the construction of a rai ?m Warrenton to Macon. This road is it comploted, but when cpened throug will be of vast benoflt to tois city and 6 id tho means ofpouringinb the lap of Cha n a largo portion of the xade of the ft gions of Alabama and Georgia. The condition of tho South Carolina Rail is exoellont. Road, bed aid superslruc (re in good order, culverts were in subf A repair, bridges and treaties had been oved and strengthened. Somo portior J track required relaying, but, upon m?o, the company was prepared to me avy and increasing traffic. Rolling stock iplo in quantity and kind. There woro ? ?n passonger engines and fifty-one frc Saunder auu utan um?, ?.?? MHW?~ ?.rv? x car?, one hundred and sixty-two platfc od and coal cars, and eighteen stock c I tho engines had been put on the road s 50. Tu givo a hotter idea of the extent ol liing stock of the company at the begim tho war, it ia calculated that tho whol< D carn and engines placed on a single ti mid havo formed a continuous line of i ousand threo hundred and fourteen yardi igth, or nearly five and a half milos. Expected hostilities, and thocommencen active operations deranged commor fail?, and the business of tho road at o igan to suffer. The company, during ar of 1861, transported 15,502 State tro id 52,921 Confederate soldiers, but this it mako up for tho falling off in gen oight and passenger traffic. Already tho c< iny was beginning to be injuriously affeci it the management was still resolved to ;avor to meet promptly any calls that mi j made upon tho resources of the road. DUE INO TUE WAU. The closo of the year 1862 found the Soi arolina Railroa#in a somowhat embarras mdition. For the year the income of )inpany was noarly two millions of dolli nd, deducting operating expenses and ividend, as well as an appropriation lor int it and damages, there still remained a balai f $528,810. But this large sum could not pplicd to the replacement of tho road. Lo ?olivos, cara and rails could not bo bouj von at extravapaut prices. Tho road v oing worn down, and Uie only satisfaction [ic stockholders lay in tho knowledge tl nar linc was a public convenience, and tl s groaa rocoipta had increased from $1,16 42 in 1861, to $1,840,214 in 1862. Machinery and rolling stock wero gradua oteriorating. Tho demands of the govei lent and of the public had been in excess lie uatural capacity of tho road ; and both oinotivos und cara siiff.rcd from tho excessi train to which they were exposed. One-:hi f tho locomotives reported to bo in good ord 11861 woro disablod during the following yea nd the roinainder was on.y maintained by t ouatant and vigorous effort* of tho mechanic lepartment. Thu bond dubt of tho cjmpany in Januar 8G3, was $3,1<.4,500, ii having boen incroasi iv tho issue of $-45,000 in bonds for the purpo if paying tho subscription to tho Augusta ai lillo'dgovillo Road, tho floating debt of tl ompany, and its obligation tc tho City oi A' rusta. No money could be remitted to pay tl breign creditors ibo January interest on tl 'tcrling bonds of tho company, but the final ??al agents in London wore kept fully informe LS lo the nature and cause of the delay. THIIID YEAR OF THE WAK. Tho position ot a President or Superintendei >f a Southern railroad during tho lato war wa inything but a pleaaiut one. Military ordei .vero supreme, and every privato or corporat interest was made secondary to movements c troopB and thc conveyance of army suppliei Tho passport system was in full force, and n much embarrassment ns posaiblo was throw: m the way of civilian travellers. It was Borne times impospiblo, for wcoks together, to mov any quantity of primate freight, and tho rail roads, while losing their regular peace business had but the mclancioly satisfaction of knowini that they wore accumulating vast sums in Con federate paper cunency. Schedules were manged or disatrnnged ti meet the oxigcnoiei ot coining battles or ox pectcd raids. Hero and there tho cavalr; pounced upon a trihi and gobbled it up incou tincntly. Frequet.tly a train would run off tin track half a dozm time* in the course o twenty miles, bul no one cared for the rail roads or Rave their managers credit : almost superhuman work which the; called on to perform. One of hhe most annoying features times was the pert perkiness of the e officers of the army, who, because attac the staff of a general officer, imagined tl whole Confederacy was theirs, and thai could command a passenger coach emptied for the benefit of their friends, tain a special car for a favorite horse at mont's notice. They were more annoyin? dangerous, more brass than braid. Bi rugged Confederate soldier, the riflec blanketed private was a study in himsel] THE CONFEDERATE SOLDIER He was a curioue compound-a bun virtue, frailty and old clothes. Nine-ten his character consisted of what may be don't-care-a-damn-ativeness. This wa marked individuality, and five years of olino, hardship and danger did not tan unruly spirit in the least. Ia fact, the li tho war continued, tho worse it grew. For dress or porsonal appearance tho i gard was snpreme. Give him a haversac of corn bread and cold bacon, tobacco i pipe, and a soldier on his travels was ae touted a bein? as ever descended fron loins of grandfather Adam. If without hi customed ''grub." however, somebody was to suffer. Wo once saw in Virginia a car of these empty stomachs, on their way thn a drove of cattle. ''Boys, there's beef," i one; and in a jiffy the coupling came oui breaks were put down, and the rest ol train rumbled on, leaving three or four sec hungry heroes behind. An ox was straiprh slaughtered, cut up and, by the time th< gineer discovered his cars in the vocative returned, a doz n fires were musical with simmering of roast beof, and no soi t of suasion could induce the boys to give up coupling until they had filled their stoma Human eyes never rested ou a more mc throng than many of the troops as they peared when they left homo during the yoar of Ihe war. And it'was then that all railroad cars in tho South, and especial!; tho South Carolina lino, were hopelc ruined. Frequently, there was no marl designate the several regiments. The d was a tangldd compound of slouch and st pipe hats, of frock coats, swallow tails, jackets, and of pants of every hue and sh: The outfit was completed by a dingy blan or in lieu thereof, a patched bed-quilt, a hi made knapsack, and a canvas bag for ratii Sometimes a fiddle or acoordeon was addec tho equipment, and wc remomber ono old low who a arted frnm homo with a cow. innocently proposed to milk it for the bec of his company. Of course, as the war progressed th things were changed if not improved. Bul LIFE IN THE CARS, remained unaltered. In moving troops ev available inch of space was occupied. 5 seats wero filled, the aisles crowded, an fringe of legs dangled from the roofs. Bayon were jammed remorseless into the ceiling, that in time it looked as if it had been subj to a severe attack of small-pox. The glas were scratched over with ambitious nam penknives inscribed mottoos on tho rosewc back scats, and ' bowies" fulfilled their m dangerous mission in 'whittling up the s armo ?ua Minds, lernai uoteuu o ..>?.?-,.. " ,. , , "_ made its rounds, somowhat after the followi stylo: "Haiti who goes there?" "A fri? with a bottle." "Advance bottle and dr stopper." This was the fluid countersign. For two or three hours after dark, when 1 soldiers could not seo each other, Jupiter '. nau-i I how they did talk I Bedlam or Parc Brownlow isn't a circumstance to it. Eve body had something to say, and with an ut disregard of Webster's Unabridged, they c< verting air into syllables, syllables into wor and words into a hair dishevelling, coat-i agitating rhotoric that was excessively py technic. It was orthography, etymology, a; tax and prosody run riot. When evorybody became exhausted, exc< the one wre?,chod man, who from time imn morial, in every car of sleepers, vibrates ie lessiy from ono place to another, knocking hats, punching heads, and disturbing drear oursoldiors slumbered. Tho long-slab-sid man always put his legs out of tho winde Eis neighbor, if also ramrod-shaped, hung J pedal extremities over the front seat. T men sitting there divided them out in pillov Tho aisles afforded tho only luxury of a f length bed-chamber to be had, and, barri just a small sprinkle of tobacoo juice, were|< cossivoly comfortable. So much so indo that the beys would agroe to lio spoon f&shi throo doep, and when one wanted to turn ovi all that wats roquired lo securo perfect una imity of aotion, according to the arraugeme: was simply toeing out "flop." Practico mn thom very perfect. Soldiers in thoso days used to swear oaths monstrous proportions, and we prosumo thc is not a conductor on the South Carolina Bu road who has net boou thoroughly case-hai enod by his experience in disturbing tho somnolent crowds. Indeed, it is related Captain Janies Meredith that his scnsibiliti wero so affected by thc aval.mcbe of expletiv which ho was obliged to encountor in his dui career on tho road, that ho requested a transl to another department whore they didn't "eua so much. But we leavo tho sleepers in their tangl shapes, and pass to anotuor phase of car life: THE RETURN OF THE HIOK AND WOUNDED. Thrco yoars bavo rolled away since the spe tacle of mon dying and dead by scores was almost daily occurrence. And yot how vivid tho mero thought recalls scenes which, whi life lasts, will "hang like pictures on tho wal of memory." We still seo tho wan, cmaciaU faros of men who but a few weeks before we; "at the front" iu all tho prido of strength; tl cots and stretchers stained wit'i blood; tl surgeons busy in fiflording relief; tl well ones moving a comvado who has ju died to some corner remote from tho livinj tho rude boxes which encofflned the rt mains of fathers, husbands and brothel on th.ir way to a Anal resting place i the old family burial ground ; and last bi not least, how well do we remember our nob! women !" How like sisters ul mercy they move from bedside to bedside, from seat to seat i every station, dispensing their offerings < "wine, frankincense and myrrh," and tenderin sympathy, such as only womau can feel, an only woman can bestow ! Heaven bless thom This conversion of cars into migratory hoi pitala of course increased the draw backs t the property of all roads, but it was a noccssit which, appealing to the uubler impulses of hr. inanity, secured moro than a willing acquies cenco from tho President and Directors, an , for all tho ruin oec.iiioiied, they have bee amply compensated by thc consciousness tht . their duty has been woll performed, Sue I was car lifo among the soldiers. I On the 9th and 10th of February, 1864, th i annual meeting of the South Carolina Bailroa was held at Columbia, and the reports then presented shot? the condition of the company's affairs. The earnings of the road amounted to $2,990,002.85, i:i Confederate currency, and the net earnings were nearly $2,000,000. This re? sult was due not only to the heavy movements of troops, bul to the -advances made m tho rates charger? for freight and passengers. But, while business was increased and rates were advanced, the currency was depreciating in value, and every description of labor waa appreciating rn price. Clerical services had advanced one hundred per cent., mechanical labor had advanced two hundred per cent., general labor one hundred and fifty per cent., and wheels, liles, tires, nails, cotton, car trimmings, Su-, no less two thousand percent. Still the boarc: only consented to advance these rates of pasas ge when it was Inevitably neces? sary. The South Carolina Bailroad was the last railroad in the South to put in force a higher scale cf charges, for the directors "en? tertained the earnest hope and anxious wish of being able to pass through the war without adding in ar y degree to the burdens of the country." The deterio ration in machinery and rails was. at the end of 1868, particularly noticeable. It waa almost inpossible to supervise properly cars and engines wbioh were incessantly on the road, and the removal of the machine shops of the company o Columbia but made the diffi? culty greater. Therefore it was assumed that, of the locomi itives reported in the preceding years, not one half were in service at the end of 1868, and of that one half but few were in good order. Still everything was done that could be dont; the speed of trains was reduced to fifteen miles an hour, and a further reduc? tion was cont emplated. Of the road itself the accounts were not cheering. The Charleston division, sixty-two miles, from Charleston to Branchville, was in better order than the other divisions were, but it was rapidly giving way, and reqnired at least six mi-es of new rails. The Hamburg division, seventy-five miles, from Branchville to Augusta, was insecure, and from ten to twelve miles of rails required immediate re? moval. The Columbia division, sixty-eight miles, from Iranchvuie to Columbia, was in an even worse oondition. Twelve miles of new rails were at once required to enable the trains to run with safety, but the structures were in food condition, and the road-bed thoroughly ditched. The Camden division was in a fair condition, br t it required very general repairs. The machi oe shops of the company could not remain in Cl aries ton, md in 1862 the building of new shops was began at Columbia. Toola and implements were removed from Charles? ron; ancfin December 1862, the repairing and finishing shops were nearly completed. In July, 1863, n JW and additional works were com? menced, and the building operations wero steadily cor tinued. Sixty-one thousand dui lars had been expended up to January, 1864, and it was estimated that it would take one hundred and twenty-three thousand dollars additional to complete the works. The meeting of February 9th and 10th, 1864, was the las. held before the close of the war. The next mooting was held in 1866. AX THE CLOSE OF THE WAU. The conditions of tho road before and during tho war has now been shown. It remains to bo aeon what was its condition when the war came order, all the locomotives, cars, and moveable property of the company, then in Charleston were withdrawn, and after sundry wanderings finally located on the Camden Branch. On the 20th April, the most of this property was en? tirely destroyed by an expedition commanded by General Potter. On the approach of Sher? man to Col nubia, all the property of the com? pany at that place was withdrawn to the Char? lotte Boad, where it remained principally at Chester. But the loss of rolling stook on the Camden Blanch was not all. At Columbia all the shops and tools forming the most complete establishment of this kind m the South were destroyed. On thia line of road all the wooden structures, culverts, station houses, and tanka wore burned, and the rails, torn up from the road, were twisted into all manner of fantastic shapes. On the 19th June the road was turned over to tho directors, and the South Carolina Bail road was once mord under civil control. The company was without one dollirof avail? able funds, and, virtually, without credit. Only eighty miles of the road were ii k working con? dition. Pails, however, under military orders, were tak in from the Camden branch and used for repaii ing the Uno to Columbia. This was tho beginning, and within six months after? wards th aro were in operation one hundred and fifty eight miles of road ni place ot the eighty miles which were turned over to the company The followim? statement shows the property lost by tho road in 1865 : Machino shops at Columbia. $76,000 FreiRht ind other depots at Oolumbia and Ci m den. 61,749 Injury tc road. 541.861 Nogrooa emancipated. 190,972 Four hundred cars destroyed.186,0i:3 Injury tc- cars. 49,700 Injury tc and loss of locomotives. 174 297 Material:! aud machinery. 860.000 $1,629.112 Besides this there was a loss of $3,612 000 in stocks, bonda ano. debta of the Confederate States end transient cr?dite-making a total loss to tie company of more than four mil? lions of dollars. ONE VE AR A QO. The report submitted to the stockholders at the mee :ln? held in February last, was an ample vindication of the prudent and far-sighted po? licy of the directors, and an ample proof of the ability and energy of the officers and agents of the road. The road had been oompleted to all important points save Camden, the track was in fair order, the equipment hod been thoroughly repaired, and'the business left a net income which would have paid a dividend of more than six per cent, upon the capital stock. There was spent on repairs and renewals, from the time i Lut the company obtained possession of their read in 1865, a sum of nine hundred thou? sand dellars, and, as all the net earnings were applied to meet this expense, the line had been placed in thorough order, and had received thc actual benefit of nearly one million of dol? lars without the addition of one dollar to the bonddobt, The road earned a dividend and the dividend was expended in putting the road in a running condition. Had not this appro? priation been made tho road would either have romair ed in an impassable condition, or money must have been borrowed at eighteen oi twenty-four per cent, per annum. Tho foreigi bondh Mders had accepted the terms of renews, offered by the company, and the now bonds with the State endorsement were expected tc be soon ready for exchange. Measures wert adoptodby the shareholders to obtain the con? trol of a line of steamships so ES to meet com? petition by way of Savannah or Portsmouth, and it was recommended by tho Board that a most decided and earnest defenoe be made oj those privileges which were threatened to be infringed by the building of the Columbia and Augusta Railroad. CONCLUSION. . In conclusion, it will be well to glance at the general policy of the company, with a view to ascertaining what has been accomplished, and of seeing plainly whither the management haa been such as warrant a lasting bellefin the ra? ture prosperity and stability of the road. The 8outh Carolina Railroad was an experi? ment, and it was exposed to the dangers which attend all undertakings whoso firat steps cannot be guided by the lights of experience. From the first it was warred upon by prejudice, and against the positive assertions of its opponent? :ould only be set the ho-es, and beliefs of its friends. But as the work progressed the way became more clear. .Traction by horses.waa. rejected, steam power was adopted, and the whole road was at length completed. Then tt was no longer anexneriment, and they who had been the ?r3t to ridicule were, reasonably, the last to praifie. In the management of the road from the time of its completion, there were mistakes In detail, but ther-> was no error of principle. It oould not be told bv theory that an earth foun? dation was better than one of wood or stone; nor could it be told by intuition that trains could run with safety at twenty, forty or fifty miles an honr, or that the earnings of the South Carolina Road could be counted by mil? lions of dollars. These things had to bo learned, and whun they were known it is not surprising that they should have been made the basis of exaggerated calculations and unreasonable i-onfidence. But, whatever the occasional chpnge of *ystem, the policy of the road has from its earliest years been direoted to securing, in the interest of its. stockholders,-frequent trains, accommoda? tion for all the trade that could be found, and low rates for passengers and freight. These principles were adepted in 1840, and they bare been adhered to ever since. The South Caro lina Railroad was tbs first road in this country to enunciate eo liberal a policy, and. as wa? seen during the war, when it. was the last Southern road to advance its rates,-aa is seen now in the frequency of its trains and ita moderate o'- arges,-it bas acted np to the standard which it established. The South Carolina Railroad always kept in ' view the importance of through connections, and, as already noticed, was.mainly instru? mental in building the Charlotte and South Carolina Railroad. It has also subscribed largely to the Macon and Aunuata Railroad, which is now near completion. The object of" this action was to bring trade to the road, and, by tho road, to Charleston. No President of the South Carolina Railroad has used his posi? tion for the purpose of drawing trade away from this city. The interests of the State, of the citv and the railroad, wero made one and the same. As tho line passed through the country, each district was beneflttod; as the country districts were benefit ted, the general prosperity of the State improved; as the pros? parity of the State improved, the ttafflo of the road increased; and os country, State and railroad added to its prosperty, so the ' trade of Charleston grew larger andmore profitable. This system has been continued with per? severing zeal. When it was found that the course of trade had been chanced and that wttaritea 1;rpwn rr-Wrriir *" steffi nffi_ ton, the Board armed themselves anew and prepared to make a good fight for then* own and the general welfare They obtained an interoet in a line of steamships, to run between Charleston and New York, they sent out their agents through Georgia and Alabama and to the chief cities of Tennessee, they proved that the Charleston route was the quickest, cheap? est and beat, they put down their rates and forced business. Asa ret ult they have been enabled to make a profit for their road, they have given this oily the benefit of tens of thousands of bales of the staple, they have been able to a comiuodate the local traffic by giving it tne conveniences of frequent and regular trains, they have worked upon the road? bed and superstructures until their whole road is in a botter and safer condition than it had ever boen in its palmiest days before the war. The South Carolina Railroad, despite grumble and otmplaint, has a high reputation for finan? cial integrity and business economy, and If ita reputation has been sustained through trial, danger and difficulty, tho result is only due to the nkill which has directed its affairs and dictated its management. Experience is neces? sary oven in conducting a railroad; and ten million of dollars is tco large a sunt1 to entrust to the care of experimental philosophers whose theories may prove safe in practice, but who, if they fail, will bring to absolute ruin hundreds whoso support depends upon making the South Carolina Railroad a safo -nd profitable investment. During the war overy man thought that he could command an army with sucass. Now, every man believes that he can create businesu out of nothing, convert loas into profit, and change pine treeB to green? backs. The one idea is &a sensible as the other; and it is certainly for better to m ike the best of what we have, by giving it encourage? ment and support, than to pet and caress visionary schemes wi'.cb, at the best, will have no other oharm than their novelty, and, at the worst, will mako th? stock of the largest cor? poration in this State worth no more than the papor upon which it is printed. FREEDMEN'S AFFAIRS IN NO&TH CAROLINA. The report of tho freedmen's affairs in North Carolina for December has been received at Washington, from which it appears that the close of tho year has brought with it more than usual number of complaints in relation to breaches of contract and non-payment of wages for labor performed arising from mdiffer ence to settle hon st debts or inability to fulfil obligations by reason of tho failuro of crops. The system of working for a share of the crops has been so universal and tho almost entire failure ot the same so marked that but few of the laborers have realized anything, and are now without the means of living by their own resources, and employers are not in a condi? tion to provide for them during the lona: in? terval before t hoir tabors can ho mad J avail? able. In thia uufortunat? state of affairs the writer says it beoomes serious question au to the step to be taken to provide in a measure for tho re ief of the Buffering. The promiscuous distri? bution of monov, Food or Olothing, affects but a very limited portion of the good designed, lt leads to imposition, fraud and idleness, and hundreds who ?vie undeserving obtain what thoao who reallv suffer bhould receive. Van- . oue suggestions aro mado with a now to ad? just tho operations of labor. There are two hundred and thirty school-- in the ?tate. with twelve thousand five hundred scholars. During December three thousand four hun red and thirtvntions were distributed to tho sick in hospitals, otphan asylums aud destitute freed people. -The Georgetown Times learns that a no? torious thief, a npgro 13ob Jounsun by nama, escaped from the Georgetown jail last Satur? day night by descending thu chimney and jumping from the lower story. The public are warucd to be on the lookout as he is said to be an adept at the science of burglar}*.