Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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MOVING T li* Harvest? Were ILc Would be 12,0 Atlanta C( Chicago, September 30.--Thia is the reason of tlic year when Ameri can railroads arc taxed to their ut iao6t, for the autumn days are the time when the crops are moved. Tew realize the extent of tho railroad man's problem, yet some idea of its magnitude may Le gained from a statement of the value of the coun try's agricultural products. This year the grain crops will approximate $4, 000,000,0(50* 'a value, a sum four limes that of thc national debt and nulli- ? cient to give every man, wo?;;u and child in the country $00. Two-thirds of this crop will bc led to live .nock or moved to mills by wagons ;u the dis- j tricts in which it is ^rowu, but thc re maining third wi'i travel to every part of the world, and it is in the moving of this part that the railroad man finds his great task. This year will see crops of such size that that part which comes to tho railroad will aggregate 1,DOO,000 car loads of freight, for the moving of which atone time nearly HH,000 loco motives would Le required. These cara and locomotives, if placed iu a eingle train, would reach half way around thc world, and sinoc thc sup ply of freight cars in this country ia only a trifle in excess of 1,500,000 with something like 43,000 locomo tives, one may imagino thc w ies of the railroad man in moving a single item of freight amounting in volume to nearly thc total capacity of thc roll ing stock of all tho country's rail roads. To thc railroad man it is a game of chess played on a board 3,000 miles square, with freight train* for pieces to bo moved hither and thither in hundred mile jumps. Let thc average citizen picture him self as confronted with this problem, with the necessity of moving each year within a limited period 1,500,000 car loads of grain. It sounds simple enough to talk of Bonding trains to those points from which grain ship ments will bo heaviest, but when it is remembered that all th's grain must be moved without disturbing other shipping, the average citizen doubt less would bo nonplussed with the problem which confronted him, sud ready to admit the necessity of a won* derful system developed by men with f?U9 and yoars of experienoo and 4 MtUUtUgi Tho railroad man in attacking the problem, understands the situation thoroughly. He has a given amount of freight to move, with given faoili ties*. He is backed by a system evol ved from years of training and experi ence, a system whioh has built up American railroads until they lead the world, with rates from two to three times loner than those obtained in any other country, and being freo . from government regulation ho finds that elasticity so necessary if changing conditions are to be met. The rail road man understands, too, that his prosperity depends upon the prosper ity of the farmer, and that in order to move the crops or indeed evon to make their production attractive) to the farmer, rates must be made suffi ciently low to allow Amorioao grain to reach all tho markets of tho world. The railroad man and. the farmer really oooperatc, and it is .extremely difficult if not impossible, to distin guish just wfcero the function of the former begins or that of the latter /ends. S very ono knows that tho Ameri can farmer comes pretty near being a lord of 'creation, sinco ho feeds not only this country, but even people in other parts of the world which pro One disease of thinness in ; children is scrofula,; in ;. adults, consumption. Both have poor .i blood ; both need inore fat. ' s,, Th?se diseases thrive. pji Jean % ness. Fat is the best means of - overcoming them; cod liver oil % makes the best and healthiest fat and \ . . '. EMULSION 'X^^|^|^al|?^iHm most effective form bf cod liver % Oil. H ere's -a natural order of tirings that shOvys;\yh^^S^^\Einulsi6n is , of 4o'mii?ii: Va?^?/.|n.'?ali caaes of scrofula and cor^umption. ?More v fatj more vyeight, iiiofja nourish* . ment, that's >vhy.; .f .,, &Qrt(f Jbr ftf? sample. HE CROPS. :>adod on one Train, it >36t?tUt??J). I ?luce grain. But thc cause of his position is Dot ofteu considered. It j is true that his land is fertile-but j other countries produce larger crops I to the acre and then, too, he pays bet ter wagcb than the farmer of any other country. In reality it ia the coopera tion of the railroads which make for bia success-the elasticity of rates which enable him to meet changing condition?. I-'or instance, suppose that a certain grain-producing district has had a bard summer, that labor has been scarce, and that bad weather has s,"died a par.1, of the crop:*. These conditions, of course, make tho cost j of production higher for the farmer of that district and it is out of the 'juea tiou for him to think of shipping his grain as he would have shipped it had every condition been favorable, but his true partier,the railroad,steps in at this point, and. by making a sufiicienJy low rate, helps him in overcoming the hard times of thc summer by enabling Lim to put his grain on tho market at a profitable price. Thia is reilly the great basic prin ciple of American railroading-thc ad justment to chancing commercial con ditions and the freedom from hard and fast rules *vhich government regu lation in other countries ha3 always brought about. In Germany, for in stance, with good times or bad, largo crops or small, the farmer pays tho same rate, and these conditions have po militated against his prosperity that today in that country grain can not move by rail more than 125 miles. One can hardly imagine the chaos which would ensue from similar con ditions in thia country. Tho movement of grain each year ia to thc railroad what the conduct of the campaign ia to the general. Each depend? during the early stages upon tho reports of his scouts. Those of tho railroad company from a large corps of expert? .?ho travel throughout the country, estimating as closely as possible the probable groin tonnage of eaoh district and tho number of cars necessary for its transportation. Bas ing its plants upon thescfigurep,tho rail road makes ready to concentrate cars at points of coed just as, the general concentrate this men. The idea io tho railroadman's mind is to get cars to the region of the cen tral west at any oost. Expense is al most a forgotten itom. Every one, from the general trafilo manager down , to even tho station' agent, receives general orders as to the disposition of all cars. They are begged, borrowed, and bought-in fact, proouredin *very possible way. Agents in their efforts to serve the farmers hare boee known to steal trains of "empties'! in order that thc grain movement of their par ticular districts might bo facilitated. But since the natural flow of oars to tho grain region ot" tho central we'st would not be sufficient tc take caro of this rush of business, tho railroads find it noceasary to attract mord than an ordinary supply., . . . vCountries in which tho government controls the railroads find that their rates are novcr lowered, for the rail road company does not dare take the chance on what invariably results as a permanent change. But here, with the elasticity whioh results from the freedom whioh the railroads enjoy, ail efforts.may be bent toward the doh I oentration of oars at any desired point, I The extra supply is attracted in this way: There is always a largo amount of freight flowing steadily throughout tho country which, unlike grain, for instance, does not move in any larger quantities at one time than at another. But tho shippers of this freight are always anxious to benefit themselves' by a:.y reduction in rates, and so the railroad?, in order to attract cars to tho west, make reduced rates on west-bound merchandise of various4 classes. . . . . Shippers in all parts of tho country are quiok to take advantage of such an opportunity, and in this Way the sup ply of. cars for the- transportation of eastbound grain is tremendously in creased, since these oars, although coming into the grain region loaded, eau be used on . their, outgoing trips for the, transportation of agricultural produc?s. The whole system ( really moxes in noircie, for.thc farmer, ie benefited by getting his merchandise from tba ?let, /wost. or south more ohcaply, r and tho manufacturer, ' be sides enjoying the ad van taja of lower rates, can buy breadstuffs et a' figure which would bc oat of1 tho Question Were tho present elastic policy of the 'railroads isndered yinipbssiblo. The railroads /are benefited in spitei /of. lower rates by the tremendous luoreaie of freight, eo that' the prosperity. ?? erally due the supremacy of the American farmer. One may wonder why, for instance, tho German farmer finds it impossible to compele against his American cousin, and why it is that Gr?-nany consumes grain grown in this country, but the fact of tho matter is that the whole difference lie? ia the ottit ide of the '.wo gov ernments toward their respective rail roads. The railroad man in the gigantic game which he plays in tue trans portation of the country's grain to the markets of the world, takes all these conditions into consideration, and asserts that to them alone can bc given thc credit for the fact that our farmer enjoys rates from one hun dred and two hundred per cent lower than those prevailing anywhere else in the world. Why is a Hen? The time-honored conundrum. "Why is a hen?" has never received a really satisfactory answer. i'ress Bulletin No. 140, of tho ani mal and husbandry department of thc Kansas Stato Agricultural College, attcmpis thc impossible and of course, fails. Indeed it does worse. Li'..e the patient man in the land of Uz, it has darkened counsel by wordfi without knowlodgo. Kvery linc o? this report, which gives thc results of a great ejg laying contest in the bleeding State, adds to'the mystory, and wo are compelled to go on inquir ing, "Why is a hen?" 1 Whether it is on account of her sex, or whether nature was in a playful mood when the hen was evolved, there can bc no doubt that sho is a most eccentric being, utterly repugnant to logic and a combination of heteroge neous mental qualities which nature has apparently made no effort what ever to harmonize, says the Baltimore Sun. If we contemplate one side of tho charaoter of this money-sided and strange being wo are astonished at her wisdom. Sho is taken down with the incubating fever and is entrusted with fifteen eggs. She spreads her self over them with tho utmost care and precision, so that not one of them is exposed to the outside air. If she should get thirty eggs she Would spread herself as earnestly ns the graduate before the footlights on commencement night. Tho hen knows just how thc egg is formed. She knows that the yolk and the white are of different epeoifio gravity, and that if left too long in one posi tion the yolk will come in contact with the sholl and raoe suicide will result. She, therefore, turns eaeh egg over every day and never forgets. Some years ago a womau from New York got off the cars in Baltimore and for got hor baby, whioh was asleep. But the hen never forgets a single one of her fifteen eggs. The hen knows exactly the tempera ture? and the exposure that will, he fatal to incubation. She watches the weather and if it is a cold day she will loavo.tho nest only a few minutes for her food j and cannot be persuaded to stay longer. If it ia a hot summer ' day she will leave the nest and take, a Considerable stroll among the other hens to learn the latest gossip, after the manner of hor kind, knowing that on such a day the eggs are safe from chill. - \ . And yet * creature endowed with1 all this iitolligouoo will sit.heraolf to death trying to hatch a ohipa nest egg. And ehe will tura it over every day with the same care she bestows upon a genuino egg of her own pro duction. How can suoh intelligence and stupidity resido contempora neously in the same brain? In short, "Why is a hen?" Now comos the dairy and animal husbandry department :ol the experi ment station of the Agricultural Col lege of bleeding Kansas with an egg ? laying contest, hoping to cleat;'up some of tho my e ter ios of the' hen, and succeeds oniy;?o the multiplying evi dence of the inconsistency and lack of judgment of theso cackling fowls* It is well known that careful h?usekeep ers aro hoarding egg*, ?uri.bg tho months pf November' 'and December, With whioh to make the Christmas eggnog; It 'took; aeyo?? ' Ko^-t?^ White Leghorns the entire m o n t h o f November to lay 8i?\. egga when the market was soaring,- whib tho samo illogical birds laid : bi?aity-threa if April *whea. eggs were soiling for a. cent apiece.-' . . - . v .;-'^ lt tnpk six Light Brahmas the en tire montK of November and Decem ber to lay four eggs when/.?g^wa>n' worth something, while tbey;i(aid^?$0, in March and April, af t^^tbV^g'gqog aeaBon wa?' over. It balbeen urged that these were temperance hens, ana had formed a Hen*'Temperance WOMEN GAMBLERS. Tho Most Famous of Them Were Ce lebrities of France. The pages of history tell over and over again the story of great woman gamblers. France has furnished the greater number of these, but Eng land has put forth many whose fnmn lias become international. There seems to be-something in the blood of French women that makes them gamblers of a high or der. Aline.'de Montespan won ?o much at basset, her favorite game, that Louis XIV. was delighted and borrowed some of her winnings, and her play grew so furious that in 1G82 Louis abolished the game. It is recorded of madam that she one night, while thc king looked on at the pluv, risked a ?nm equal to .$200,000 on a single card and fa.it the king grumbled when no one could be found to rover the bet. But madam also lost one New Year's night 700,000 crowns at liocal and on another niffhc almost $1,000,000 at thc saine game. Mme. du Barry was the most fa mous woman gambler of the time of Louis XV., but with her it was only a pastime. But that other favorite, Mme. de Pompadour, went in with +he sole object of winning if she co ?'ld. It is recorded that her win ningb were enormous and that in a single night she eased the pocket of the king of 35,000 louis d'or. Quean Marie Antoinette, accord ing io history, was a gambler who liked to be surrounded by gamblers. Faro was the popular game, but the stakes got to be so great that many a nobleman had his entire estates wiped out in a single night. Scan dal rose high and the game was for bidden. Nevertheless in a short time it was being carried on again, not only in the apartments of tho Queen, out at the hons** of the Prin cess de Lamballe. At first the queen and those who desired to play with her went to the apartments of Mme. de Guemene, whose house is credited with having been tho scene of th^ highest con tinued play of any in France. But mattera got so bad before tho end came that noblemen would no long er play with the queen, and^she ad mitted to her table many common gamblers. Then thc "scandal broke in full force, for some were caught cheating, and one was arrested for | picking a pocket.-Liverpool Mer- j cury. ,<~ - . - . Forgetting tho Tunnel. ? story of the early days of tho Belgian railways is told in the Corn hill. It describes what the Belgian engineers did when they came home from England with sheaves of sketches, plans,, specifications and particulars about **the new English traveling read," to build one like it in the low country. They 1 made their first railway across the flats between Brussels and Liege, and when it was finished, on almost the very day before it was to be opened with mp and circumstance", the? chic igineer, looking at his Eng. lish plnns and comparing them with" Iiis own substantial achievement, 'suddenly, struck bis forehead with a tragic gesture and cried t "Mon Dieu! We've forgotten the tunnel!" A railway without a tunnel could not be a railway, they ?thought, con sule Planeo, So they Covered, in the deepest cutting they could find! Cause of tho Trouble. An incident illustrating President. Lincoln's ever present sense ;olnii mor is given, in "A Biographical; Memorial of General Daniel Butter field:* ; : . An immense amount of corre spondence h?d been sent to, Presi dent . Lincoln, in which were inany accusations "and counter accusations, letters and explanations concerning the failure to : get the pontoons to ?Yedericksburg in time for Burn side. ? -/, ?" ?.. . '\ '? . . ; Many thought Mr. lincoln would remev?or court; r?^ Hp indorsed the papers with the fol lowing centence: 'In mv opinion Mr. Lee caused; this trouble/'v 'J' T" A. woman oe ver f ails vio b^sfc^f her intuition every, time abe makes a ALL OVER THE HOUSE. Advice as to Cutting Down and Mend ing Worn Carpets. Tn mending or cutting down worn carpets a lengthwise seam is more noticeable than one made across the breadth. However skillfully done, mending aa oim would an ordinary garment, by cutting out the worn place, clipping the corners diago nally, turning under the edges and stitching them down to a piece of tarpet secured to the under side, is sur<i to he conspicuous. It should be done by cutting across the entire width and match ing the pattern perfectly. Insert a piece by neatly folding the edges of both thc body carpet and piece back on -the wrong side an inch, basting securely in position. Overhand stitch the edges with linen thread as near the color of thu ground as possible. Household Hints. Spirits of wine rii-bbed in well with a clean cloth will remove all stains on white leather belts. To keep parsley shut it up in an air tight tin and store it in a cool place. It will last longer thus than if put in water. When tarnished gold and silver embroidery muy be brightened by being rubbed with flannel dipped in spirits of wine. v The ordinary cake blacking mixed with a little milk makes a fine polish for shoes and prevents the leather getting hard and cracking. Whisk Broom Holder. A whisk broom holder which looks like two circular pieces of delft por celain is made of two disks of card board about four and a half inches in diameter covered with a glazed chintz on which are figures and symbols in delft design. The disks are fastened to each other by delft blue satin ribbon bpws, leaving room for the whisk to be slipped between them. The holder is suspended by delft blue ribbon ends. '.? Candied Sweet Potatoes. Cut raw sweet potatoes after they ure peeled in thick slices crosswise ; throw them into boiling water or in thc steamer above a pan of hot wa ter (the latter way gives them a.bet ter flavor). When the slices are soft roll each slice in granulated sugar and have ready a sldllet of hot fat, into which throw the slices after they have been well turned in the granulated sugar. Fry the slices a golden brown. Cooking Fish. In cooking fish it should not be exposed to tierce heat and at the same time it must, not be put into cold water -or into a. cold oven. There are exceptions to the above. For in stance, salmon, especially j if just c?tight, should-be'.put into cold wa ter and ?.brought gently to the boil, hui .the general rule iv to put-fish' .into wann water, bris ig the water slowly to the boil, then let it sim mer. ; ,". ,.' ..? Cara of Wood Floors. Painted or'f.varmshedVfloors'-'.may; I be kept in good condition by wiping I with a dmpT> cioth'and then Ebbing with ? dr - ?oblen cloth. This, pf, course; is''foi floors that do not get badly boiled. Kitchen or pantry . floors may be washed , with; skim milk; if l^pK^?l^m^and. water. A isorn^ never: be used, on a painted or yarr nished floor.. ;'.:,*, Care of Clothes Closets. , ' ^.t knievel Ose t should be opened and left tc. air every ,week for a tew| hours at least. Ali clothing 'should ;be: ; removed, from Uio hooks and hung but on. the clothesline to air. TJhe. heat of thc; sun will take all creases.--out of cl6th and velvet ^ Ementan and j save pressing:r If there ire ?uj^rfluo?e articles of clothing' on the* shelves these 'should' alsojbe removed. N ; , ., . ; i. ... . <-~ . . While ? cn an' s. w?ll^ may / b?-taw, in tba case of a-m is .atldom enforced. :.. :<;'? Either a girl wood?riif a m in is in. earnest br if she^ ~- A. very useful way io stay ont of Sail is to bp a politician. .~.-...Tr. MU ^Vegetable Preparationfor As similating t?ieFoodandBegu?a^ ling thc Stomachs oiviBoweis of j Promoles DigcsllonJCheerfur ness and Rest.Con!ahio neither Opiunt.Murplune nor>hn?ral. NOT "NARC OTIC . /?*tpe af (Hd.nrSA!<UEL PITCHER HonfJu& Satt-" ' ?ilx.Sr.ir." * ?tmaeSetd, + J(??rip7*rft. rixren Apcrfccl Remedy?orCo?tstfpa fion, Sour Stomach.Diarrhoea Worms Convulsions feverish ness and Loss OF SLEEP. Facsimile Signature of, . NEW YORK. . v f4^l-u II? turill *v old ' J 5.1) (? *? IS - i j C I N IS EXACT copy CF^WRAPP?RJ DENTIST, Office over Farmers and Merohants'Bank, Anderso n, S, C. . ;:..c ???<?--:. : :r Kow is-a good thus to bay a new Bagg^ ^? Heness, and ?jjpjj 'is.aat you to look at Our largs stock of tho lat edt ,?u& best up/to-date styles, and.it will be no tronble for youl to* niake a selection. Our work is all sold under guarantee. We bav? extra bargains to offer. Give us a trial. Our prices are low au? terms to suit. THE ; 4L. S. FOWLER COMPANY. P. S.-Wehave a few last Fall> Jobs to ?o at Cost. ?Kv Coin? in td see us, and l?tuateU^o? aft about-& We have sold this Paint forirhany years, and all hayo been pleased'who. used^it; Wehayeafih shpwing them if you will call in aBdjrequeat sftmev ; Algona iiiil lino of-^: Varnishes, Stains, Jioor Paints, ' ^S? - ;;v ; .-V : ;,; ; furniture Polish, Palih^jp^ . ORR, GRAY & CO., m m ?I?io Estal?lisBmont has Jjcea SoHitig ;;.J.V.,;. Ililli ^We oonjo and gone, hut weA?ve r^Wt? satisfied, ouat^^ fohnd.^ not rest until We paf ?^ ^fc?g?d^ : ^ng, and wo?an say with pride? hut without h^ ?? fc? -WP** of > to&^oiionv : v We .haye a larger Sioo&cf ?tendr?this ' sold Furrsit.nprt ?fe rt!* ftlrtrt^ *. -tttoVtri* AP ??.ft*'?'? ?*?>jSv?i:>-J VOLUME XLI---NO. 17.