Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE PHI ?reater in -A^rea and Than iFirst Frederick J. ?IsBkin f This article, being the first of a series from the Philippines, will be devoted in the main to statistic!*. The reader desirous ot becoming posted un conditions existing in our Far Eas tern possessions will do well to pre servo the facts contained herein, as they will be cooducive to a better understanding of thc accounts to fol low, and will be valuable for reference at all times. Although hundreds of books and thousands of columns of newspaper articles have been written on this sub jeot, new conditions are continually being formed which, together with the established facts, should be kept con ; stantly before the people of the Unit ! ed States, because the future political ' privileges of the Filipino must be de ? termiced by American legislation. ! AB the attempt is being made to edu cate the native, the American should i * , not remain in ignorance of the cocdi j tion of his government's ward. While all argument may be colored by the interests or prejudices of the indivi dual, the actual statistics can not be misleading, and are, therefore, worth W?: remembering. The Philippine Islands are a part of ; the East Indian archipelago. They ' "* are located southeast of Asia, almost south of Japan, and north of Borneo. They arc altogether tropical. The zone which we acquired from Spain as cet forth by the treaty of Paris (December 10, J8D8), including land and water, amounts to an area almost thirteen times BB large as all of thc New England States. The census of the Philippine Islands, just issued by the American government, is the first . accurate record of what our posses fiona here really amount to. This shows that there are more islands in the group than the Spaniards thought there were. The ezaot number, including every thing whioh appear? separately at high tide, is 3,141. However? 11,775 of these islands are very small, each being less than a square mile in area. About 1,500 of them are cf such little consequence that they have never been named. The total area of all the islands in the group is 115,026 square mileB. Fully half of this territory ia contained within the limits of the two large islands, Luzon and Mindanao, the former being about the size of Louisiana and the latter about as large ao Indiana. Thus it will be seen that there is considerably more water than land within the limits of the zone ceded to uo. There are so many indentations in the archipelago, that its coast line, li ko that of Alas ka, is greater than the combined At ; j lan tic and Paoifio seaboards of the Unitod States. Tho American gov ernment paid Spain $20,000,000 for the islands, which was about 20 cents per aore for all tho land con tained in them. The population of the Philippines ?.i bas ?been found to consist of about P|P. 7,POO,000 civilized inhabitants, and a aral- little .mora than half a million savages, I Included io thoBe designated as oiVi ! lized are 41,000 Chinamen and 900 Japanese. Exclusive, of the army there are over 3?000 Americans resid ing here at the present time, BB well as about 4,000 Spaniards, 700 Eng g; ?j Rahmen and 400 Germans. Tho bulk , j ofthe native.population is supposed -?^ to be of Malay extraction. Although past .'records, are very incompleto, the population oktbe Philippines ia sup .' posed to have been quadrupled within the past century. This is a very y Small increase when compared ,with : . the growth of the ?n?ted States, which . was ?fteeu times aa great during the Samo period;.;! Relieved of the devass tating effects of war. and ravages of disease, it is belieycd the population of the islands/will inor?as? ^?r?n? the next fewy ears at a rate never before equaled in their history, ' The establishment of accurate'ta bles of mortality ha? disclosed a num- ' ber of unexpected reaultfl. Tt is fiur f v .prising to find that the. death rate among the natives is very high, and fay ;- ^orrM^ending^ low among the for eigners;! The mortality among the' Filipinos iejgreat?r, than of any Surd* .pe^jraees'WhoSe^ and it ia doubtless..not exceeded any ' where unless it be kn som* of the more unhealthy provinces oFBriti?h India. Thc. g&e?tist loss is shown among children less thani one year ?>M, the rate among the** bsvjng gone as high ' as 322 per thousand. Thir is said to bo a forfeiture Of infant life, jdu? to ignorance cather than to th?^Mm?t?? Me:Lcv? a?lowj children to begin cat incit?- 'food ?;*fce* they ?re not strong enough to ^igeafc it, whioh ia ahnoBt certain to cause cholera infan tum and convulsions, , Every efforlia / ^eing made to mrie the . natives un JRgerai.aod that babies ?h*ee oi four ?r^-'-'-^^?uthe of ago muetnot be fed on Snoh things as ri?e, mong?es andi/bananas.,;: LIPPINES I [Less in I^oirulat?on Estimated. ia The Sunny South. Time has shown that the foreigner who will obey the rules of health pre scribed for a bot climate can live in the Philippines with almOBt as muoh immunity from disease as if he were residing in the United States. This is proved by the record kept by the army and navy officials both in times of peace and war. Gf course a per?on may quickly become diseased from dissipation or disobedience to tho rules governing tropical diet. Tho usc of liquor in a bot climate is ener vating, this cac easily be overcome by frequent sojourns iu a higher or cooler region. The great neoessity for education in the Philippines ie shows by the discovery of the fact that lees than 10 per cent of the entire population could speak a common language. It was supposed that thc majority of the people understood Spanish, but this haB been proved inoorreot. It was the policy of the friars to learn the language of the people rather than to teach their own, so they could in terpret the law arbitrarily, There were many people counted as literate who could speak some Spanish, but were unable to read or write it. As a result of the educational system now in vogue throughout the islands the bulk of the population will soon be able to affiliate by means of the Kog lish language. There are now 375,000 children at tending robool in the Philippines. A few lc8a than a thousand American school teachers are engaged here at the present time and they have about live thousand native teacher!) assist ing them. The number of American teaohers .will gradually diminish a9 the supply of natives eligible to en gage in tho work increases. The diffi culties encountered by the first Amer icans who came hero to teach can hardly be described. They succeed ed Spanish instructors who taught the pupils to write upon banana loaves with a pointed stick. The process of counting was to out notches in a pieoe of wood. Some of our teaohers bad to build their own school bouses, man? ! ufaoture their own benches, and then work for months without slates, booka i or other material. Those who could not procuro building material con ducted their classes nuder shade tre*-, * ; Some critica bave insisted tbat too much money bas been spent upon edu cational work, but that contention can hardly bo justified. On account of tho natives having so long been amenabb to tho influence of 'the Spanish friars, they are more easily cob trolled by the school teaohers than by either the civil or military authori ties. The rural teachor in tho Philip pines is the natural leader of the com munity, and bis fundtiona are so nu merous and BO novel as to bo quite outside the limitations of the same' calling in the. Uni UM! States.. He ia appealed to in cases of oppression, he settles political disputes, presides ' over all functions^ superintends the building of roads and bridgea and bas even been called upon to assist indis- j persing'bandits. That the people are 1 anxious for education is shown by the fact that tho attendance i? 02 per cent ' of the enrollment as compared with 74 i per cent in the United States. The < wisdom of the broad educational < campaign inaugurated by General Otis ia becoming more important every day. There is little variety in the perms- i neat 'occupation of the Filipinos, t Forty per cent of the men are farmers. The women are very industrious, and arc especially clever at spinning and weaving. / With .tba orudest kind of. looms they manufacturo most exquis ito fabrica, and mako bats, mats and carpets'of an exceeding fine quality. The returns of the resent census show that the proportion of women engaged in remunerative ocoapation in the Philippines io more than double thoao similarly employed in the United States, and three times greater than in either jrorto iii co or Cuba.. ?be f||nY of wage earners'".showed that the Filipinos begin work when very young. Only a small portion of tbe female) population to?epts weri^ a?, dofteatio servants, this belog* a line of onUeivor almost entirely monopolised by the Men. Great difficulty was ex perienced in classifying tbe varions occupations because ojL&be tendency among' tbs people to dabble in. to many .different kisai of work?, For instance a waa ttij^fc be a farmer for several boura during tbe day, a coach man in the evening, and be looking after some fi sn i ng apparatus late at night./- : The Filipino ita jack of <Al trades, and good at none.. The>ange of oc cupation he will attempt seems to bo t^joid est?mate. ; I hoard a , roan tab ing about one versatile native who in aida of. two months had been a lawyer^ a plantation overseer, a coachman, a bartender, and a waiter in a restau rant. The stimulas to effort and con centration has not been groat because of the fertility of the country and the small demands of the civilization. On account of having been a subject raoe so long the ambition of these people has been stunted by the seeming hope lessness of their future. But now that they have an opportunity to de velop themselves and reap the reward of their endeavor, it is believed they will become responsive to tho possi bilities awaiting them. The principal wealth of the Philip pines has always been the producta of tho soil, but the individual holdings of tho people arc so small that they ctn hardly be celled farms. The average size of each holding throughout the Archipelago is only eight and a half acrcB, while iu America the average size of all farms is about 150 acres. Lees than half of the available agri cultural land of tho country is under cultivation. Tho most valuable pro duct of the islands is hemp. This is the fiber t?kcn from a sort of plan tain, generally oalled abaca. It ia similar to the banana plaot aod grows nowhere else exoept io this latitude. It is famed all over the world as "Ma nila hemp." It grows wild and all at tempts to propagate it in other cli mates have failed. Th9 land upoa whioh it grows is always fertile' and well drained, anda strange faob io oem neotion with it is that irrigation can not be substituted for natural drain age. Nearly all the hemp exported from the Philippines finds its way tc the United States and Europe when it is used in manufacturing rope That portion COQB?DJ?U in ??O?I?BUI use, however, is utilized in the manu faoture of cloth for wearing apparel. Sugar ranks second to hemp in tin value- of tho island's product fi. I was formerly the most valuable oro] of the islands, but a number of cause have combined to give it a eeo ondary place. The first of these wa doubtless tho competition of bee sugar. Tho unreliability of labor, th difficulty in procuring boasts of bur den, and poor transportation faoili ties, wore other obstaoleB whioh th planters could not overcome. In 183 over 460,000,000 pounds were export ed, but this amount fell until, durin the year following American occupe tion, the amount produced for es poi was not quite 190,000,000 pound) However, the recent advance in th price of sugar has encouraged the plat tera to renew their efforts, and th aoreage is now being largely ?aerea ed.. The third co tn mero i ni crop of tl i?lsnds is tobacco. The plant raise here is of American origin and wi brought from Mexico by Spanish mi Bionarles. For a time tho sndusti was oonductcd ss a government m uL'p??y, bub the embargo was remov? in 1832. From taut time its oultu bas coj-yed a rapid growth. Tl home consumption of cigars and oigs ettCB ia very great and thia, togeth with the increasing foreign denian makes the industry ono of much proi ise. Luzon produ.oeqVjtBe'best gra of tho leaf. . The ooo oan ut is vapidly inoroasii in commercial value. Tho dried me of this tropical luxury is called copi Although it is va comparatively in product it now ranks fourth among t exportable commodities of the Ph ippiuos. The t bi-produots of tl cocoanut are used in every concoi able way. The sap and meat prov! the native with delicious, food ai drink. The abolis;. ' aro valuable household utensils, and oan be ma into many kinds of ornament. T tree provides lumber for the constrc tion of houses, sud the foliage, mak Bxoelleut roofing for the same. The ire eighty-thrca dist?notuses to win ?he substance of this wonderful ..tr nay be put, ranging from the man faoture of toothpicks to th? prepai rton of dye and hair, oil. There i great 'possibilities in its culture, ? sause it i s .ex tremol y prolific,, vie ld i lix or seven crops of nuts avery twel non th s. . A Very Sick Boy. Mark Twain on his.last visit to 1 rirthpj: we-Hannibal^ Mo.-told t iohool children a true story ahem ?^?olboy, says the Philadelphia H trd. ??This boy," he said, uAwoke c he h?u"sbold. Th? doctor was AC 'or and came, pont has to. " 'Well/ said the doctor asjas ? ered the sickroom, 'what is the in ?le?- ?- ':? ? : u 'A pai? in my side,* said the bi " .Any pain ia the head?' . " 'Yes, cir.1 "Os th? right hand atinT H *A little,* " ?How about the righi foot?' ? "'That's stiff toc* "Thc doctor winked at ?e bo aether. M^^UBBLWLm W$mt? ne ; said, 'you're * pri i?ck. But you'll bo abie io go ohool on Monday. :Let tae seo,. $|#a$*rttrcVay and.~ . " 'Is todav Saturday ?\ said tho ! n a -ve-jSad' to?c. : *| thought ifc il friday/ ' "Halfan hoir later the boy decl d himself healed and got v$ - 5i hey packed bim off to school? for ras Friday,?afterail.*' A Wealth of Corn. Whatever woe a may be io store for the people of this country, it is quito certain that, in the immediato future at least, we shall not starve. Corn is ripening in'o a great golden harvest-a harvest that will tas the labor capaoity of the whole great west to its fullest. America has long been teaching the world to take our coro. Europe haa learned to eat it and to like it. The market is practically unlimited. There is no such thing as overproduction of coro. There is no cereal carrying more nutrition, none capable of wider ad aption, tBan corn. It fills an amaz ingly broad field of usefulness, extend ing all the way from the daintiest tabled to the pig sties; and everywhere it ia delicious and healthful. It makes bone and muscle and sinew and brain, and these make character. There is no end to the explanations advanced for thc characteristic strength and vigor of the American people. No explanation ia near the truth if it does not include oorn. Corn enters icto the character of the Americana as truly as macaroni does with the Italians and Bauer kraut with the Germans. If there ia to be a national flower none is more approp riate than the oorn tassel. Last year's crop in this country broke all records. But the new record was short-lived. This year's orop ex ceeds it by the astonishing figure of 127,000,000 bushels. The latest government orop report indicates a total crop for the country of almost 2,600,000,000 bushels-the largest corn crop ever produced and considerably larger than the ordinary mind can comprehend. And corn is not all We shall have to eat in plenty. The total winter and spring wheat crop of the United States promises to be 690,000,000 buahels the largest, with one exception ever raised. L The aggregate production of wheat, coro ?nd oats amounts to 4,164,000, 000 bushels, which ia a quarter of a billion bushels more than last year. Atlanta Journal. Trained Rooster Pet of Sheriff. When it cornea to taming roosters, former Sheriff P. D. Gilreath has prov ed himself almost aa mach aa an ex pert as he is known to have been in taming hardened criminals in the old days when men of the Jim Howard stamp had to be bandied in Greenville county. The "Old Sheriff" aa his friends, like to oall him, is spending muon of his time in these days at bis farm near Greer, and among his petr ia a handsome Plymouth Kook rooster. This bird never allows the sheriff to get out of his sight if be eau prevent it, and follows bim from one part of the place to another. Visitors at the fara never fail to seethe rooster, for he ia a wonder. ; He will crow just as violently and just as long as the sheriff tells bim to. He frequently comes into the house and is fed by the sheriff. One of the rooster's best tricks ia to take bread, or anything else he should happen to be eating, out to the hena in the yard at the direetion of the sheriff. No mat ter bow hungry be may be will not touch a grain of corn or a thing until his master giyea bia permission. Sometimes the sheriff lets him eat a grain and then makes bim take the nest to the other fowls in the yard. This is always accompanied with a great deal of clucking and strutting. There is only one thing the big roos ter seems to fear and that is a strange i dog. If there is one nearby the sher iff hui a bard time to coax him into performing. In accompany inp -?ho sheriff On his rambles about tue place tho rooster is continually ducking and never fails to answer the sheriff every* time ho,i& spoken to'just aB though be understood every word that waa being said. H? ip a wonderful bird in bia way. Sheriff Gilreath regards bim as one of bis best friends and it 'vr^uld tako a big pile of money to get the Plymouth Rook.-Greenville Nftws. BEWARE OF SUMMER GERMS, Will Cause Sickness Unless Stomach is Strengthen? </. , ?ii With Mi?o-na. If tho stomach is weak so that food does not readily digest it, thc food will become a soar, slimy, ferment ing mass in tho digestive organs, the ideal condition for germs to canse bowel trouble, diarrhoea, or other Bummer Hines a. ^ The well known Mi-o-na will make the whole digeative system* so healthy, olean and sweet that food cannot ferment, and any disease germs which may coter the stomach will be destroy ed. . Just one small tablet out o' a 50 cent- bos of Mi-o-na before eating, and you will have no headaohes, back ache, poor appetite, . distress after eating, heart-burn, furred tongue, ?lceplesnnes?. or general debility. Ii will tone up the digestive, sys tem and give perfect health and strength. Take Mi-o-na now* aud Evans Phar macy will guarantee to refund toe: money if it does not onie. The ribV is ?ll theirs. Yon will find that ?ur brisk trade and our lar g? ?s?L^e ri? ? due to the tact that ^ msly. We aim td please thom. We seil highest : $md<& Qoo?n at lowest possible juices. White. Enal?el Mned, Ot?a? and: ?aay tit 9)^ .oleaa, . OfflcB over Farinera and Merchants Bank, AndfraoD, S. C. Bugp;:||l Hafte ; ll I IM ?llllllll ??? I * il IIJ ? IM i l^lll IB?|? ? How is a good timo to buy ? now Buggy and Harness* and we want you to look at out large stocK of tho latest an& best up'to-dat? styles, aud it will be no trouble for youl W make a selection. Our work is all sold under guarantee/ W? have ostra bargains to offer. Griye us a trial. Our-prices .are? low and terms to suit. J?. S.-We hayea few last FaUte ^ ?--??-?-?-iii ii 111 i -M^tx^^---^.-w--:.:- . ? ' -?m '. _ .' I, fir? Want to Sell Yo? lour ?Mat. . ' Come in'.tu--S?e ?8,-?n'd let U3 'tell you nll'about it. We bav3 sold th?3 Paint for many year?, and nil ba ve been f,???ssd wno us#d;-H. We. baye a fino aelection of oolova, and will gladly give you a sard: ahowing them ix you ?yill call In an^rcqueat same. Also, a falHine of Viiruishes, Stains, Moor Paints*.. Buvnituie Polish, Paint Brushes, Ete. :;S^t^ r E^isS?eB^ugg?tSv feny years, Darinji; ail ?Bat Wcom*ct??? r baye coiae and gene, bat we haye rsmwned- sigbt-jbere, . W? hsvo kt?*y? so!<; Cheaper tba** any othera, ana during tbOee tong ye arabaye sot bad one dis wtia^ .:will .?ometimea ?cour, and - ?? at te ?aWw* dence or tb?people of th?a ?ec^o?.. Wo tee a. la*fe&'&&?^?mFmkS *votteitand we-|>ie???iy^xr mp w^'ftfcifttt&fcsr?tf'. . . m?m.hy;tipfi*i tba* we are ??UingFnif?l?; nos only a?lWe? allans ' t'8a?r.^in?^ tojB tb?;Bedm^i???tion. '.'Cosse and ?e-ot?.'' YoS ^;