Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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WAR Si The Hattie ol Col. (J. N. Saussy i "F-hd recent manoeuvres of mimic I .ifcct'e briDg forcibly up thc culmina- , Cia? feature of thc scries of collisions between the l'otoinac anny and the "iTOiy of Northern Virginia in what is 5cnown in history as the second '-lanadas campaign. Smarting under thc defeat inflicted >y Lee in the memorable "Seven Days" at Richmond, and depressed io spirit because ho honestly belived the . .arbitratment of the sword would have JOJO different had his government listened to and faithfully heeded his I Lp peal 8 for adequate levies prior to June 'JO, tho disastrous trial of strength before the Confederate capi* . tai, and the f urther disgrace inflicted! ?by Hallcok, in releasing him of his | . iommand of the Arr j? of the I'oto- . Miac, McClellan rallied somewhat! "-when recalled from his "mi-disgraco j <to apsume command of I he combined i fioraeo of 1'ope and .he Potomac ...ar: my. To bring order out of chaos, Mc clellan found no easy or enviable . iask. yot, by heroic labor, ho sucoecd *3d?beyon-d his expectation. Lee rest ed his weary, but viotorious army, in ?nd around Frederick City, recruiting lits energy after tho arduous campaigns . of Richmond, Slaughter's Mountain ."M?l Second Manassas. Its location *wae a menace to Washington or Bal timore, and had cut off from any . hope >3r assistance from tho north or -e*>st, the important post of Harper's Ferry. This strategic point appealed to l-lGIleek, as did Vioksburg to Mr. .;j>avin, as of vital neuessity to tho life of the nation, and that its posses sion should be retained at any hazard. "Drop one apple in a bushel bas ket," says M. Quad, "and you hare .Harper's Ferry." Surrounded by mountain heights, the possession of any one, with good field guns in posi tion, muBt dominato the situation. 'Twelve thousand federal troops gar risoned this post deemed so precious by Halleck. It was a tempting prizo, . and its capture appealed to Gen. Lee 33 a possibility, if he could command ?time enough for its reduction. Maturing his plan, Gen. Lee em bodied its ezeoution in the now fa mous Speoial Orders No. 191 : "Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, September 9, 1862.-The -army will resume its march to-morrow, ^taking the Hagerstown road. Gen. -Jackson's command will form the ad vance, and, after passing Middleton, .with snc?i portions as he may soleot, itake the route toward Skarpsburg, ?aroea the Potomac at the most con venient point, and, by Friday morning, *take posession of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, oapture auch of the 'saemy as may be at Martinsburg and io.io?ce.pt such as may attempt to es cape from Harper's Ferry. <4Gen. Longstreet's command will tpursue tho main road as far as Boons iborough., where it will halt, with re serve, -supply and baggage trains of -taie romy. "Gen. MoLaws, with his own di vision and that of Gen. R. H. Ander .son,-wl>3 follow Gen. Longstreet. On Teaching Middletown will take the Toute to Harper's Ferry and by Friday rooming possess himself of the Mary land Heights and endeavor to captun ?she enemy at Harper's Ferry and arioinity. "Gen. Walker, with his division, ?-Stier accomplishing the object in <which /be is now engaged, will oross Che Potomac at Cheek's ford, ascend ate right ?bank to Lortesville, take possession of Loudoun Heights, if .(practicable by Friday morning, Key's '?ord on his left and the road between <the end of the mountain and the VPotomao on his right. He will, as far :?s.practicable, cooperate with Gens. M cw Bws and Jaaksou and intercept Che retreat of the enemy. "Gen. D. H. Hill's division will iorm (he Tear guard of the army, pur suing thc road taken by the main ' body. The ?cserve artillery, ordi nance arra -supply trains, etc., will .,. precede Gen.'HW. ''Gea. Stuart will detach a squad ?con of cavalry to acoozipany thc com mand of Gens. Longstreet, Jackson .--and McLaws, and with the main body .iff ihe'COTafcy will oover the route of the -army, bringing up all stragglers ' (hst may have been left behind. rfThc< comm ands of Gens. Jacksou, ?fcLaws ?and Walker, after aooom . jplisbiqg 'ihe -object for which they ?iave foeeio. flctaohed, will join the rmain body of the army at Boonsbor ?ough or Hagerstown* "By command of Gen. R E. Lee. "JL H. Chilton, A. A. Gen." filero aTO^iVen explicit instrnr"' 'k jj f-foc the movements of >5H?MISTSJ ' / ?rn and s that eompos' < ^ 1 Northern Virginia/ New* York. 0f fair io love of yall druggh>tt. wt atrito and true./ ' toi mm. io Savannah Press. its full import more than did McClel lan when opportunity or accident thrust into his hands a copy of tho above order. If "fortune knocks once at c\ery man's door," then the fickle dame we all love to court literally "'butted" into McClellan's tent tho morning of September l.'J, 18'*>2. During the pre ceding day, thc Ililli, the Confederate outpost was htrctehed along the west bank of the Manooocy, a short dis tance east of Frederick. Up to this time, since tho invasion of Maryland, the federal cavalry had been but mild ly aggressive, yielding readily to pres sure from Stuart's troopers. On tho morning of September 12 a provost guard of 24 sabres and two officers waa detailed from thc six com mends constituting Hampton's First brigado, whose duty it was to police thc town, preservo order and dispatch all stragglers up thc route the main army had taken. This duty was not onerous, and thc detail deemed the servioo a special favor. During the day tho enemy in increasing numbers engaged the ou posts along tho river and gradually extending his wings, finally outflanked tho Confederates abovo and below and forced their re tirement through and beyond the town. In accomplishing this move ment the outpost imposed a new and important duty upon thc provost guard-it forced upon this detachment the post of roar guard. With tho withdrawal of tho Con federates tho enemy promptly organ ized a pursuit. Hin advanoe guard dashed into the town, receiving de monstrations of welcome from the townspeople, justas the provost guard had formed to move out. To retreat with tho enemy upon the field invited disaster upon tho provost guard. Its commanding officer promptly reversed his column of fours and faced the yell ing enemy. This was rather unex pected to the enemy, who expected to find the Confederates in full retreat. Tho advanoe guard halted and opened a brisk fire upon tho provost guard. Gou. Hampton, who was present, detecting thiB blunder, promptly ordered tho provost guard to oharge. The dotaohmont quiokly obeyed, and in several minutes expelled tho enemy from and beyond the town. The fed eral force consisted of two troops of the Thirteenth Pennsylvania cavalry, the Thirteenth Ohio iafantry and one pieoe of artillery. The whole force was driven forward beyond the town, the gun overriden and a number of the enemy killed, wounded and captured, among the lat ter the commanding officer, Col. Moore. 7*ho fell a prisoner to your ; distinga ".bed oitiaen, Qen. W. W. Gordon. Pardon this degression from the Bubjeot of the sketch. It is a preface that oarries interest to the readers of your paper, because the two offioers and four of the troops were of your splendid troop, the Georgia Hussars. While it was a small and insignificant affair as oompared with the more pre tentious operations of Lee's army, it loses no lustre by comparison. A t dusk that evoning the Confeder ates withdrew from Frederick. As upon the oapture of Andre by the con tinental scouts hinged grave issues, so the oooupation of Frederick that evening was fraught with grave dan ger to Lee and his army. Around a parcel of three cigars ao oidently pioked up by a federal ser geart a copy of tho now famous "spe cial orders No. 191" was wrapped. How or why it should be there has never been explained. Promptly was I [t imf into McClellan's hands and the * whole plan of campaign exposed. As stated, un to September 12 Stuart found litue difficulty in hold ing in check demonstrations of the federal oavalry, but on the 13th he found the aggressiveness of the blue troops so pronounced as to give em ployment for all his oommand. Long street was apprised of the unusual energy of tho enemy, but seemed slow to appreciate its impovtanoe. D II. Hill made what disposition his divi sion could SH, but the pressure be came so strong Longstreet was appeal ed to for assistance. Before that came in sufficient strength the Confederates were forced to and beyond the gaps of the south and Catoctin mountains. At Boonsborough, Crawpton's and Turner's gaps heavy masses of the federal troops pressed for the moun tain gateways, and by th i night af the 14th had secured their control. Meanwhile Jaokson hal undertaken the reduotion of Harper's Ferry, as as designated in speoial orders No. .191 the separate commands had per otfrmed the parts assigned them in - 'ls bloody drama. But difficulties typeyed their exeoution SD that these ?rst-?al divisions did not occupy the ned ttus positions or the time allotted j thew, Jackson did not get t} : . * ? f . into I position until Sunday. McLaws undi Walker had carried thc heights assign- 1 ed their commands by Saturday, but Harper's Ferry was not surrendered until ?Sunday. Hy reference l<i <ieu. Lee'a order, Friday had been designated as tho date wh< n the post must be cap tured. Napoleon said . '"In war. men count as nothing, a men, everything." Ho also when campaigns are planned time is the essential factor. Gen. Lee planned; the troops could execute the movement and complete the reduction I in thc time allotted. It was not done. Friday was the day assigned by tho commanding general, but th ? fort was not surrendered until Sunday. Those two lost days were McClellan's oppor tunity. The possession of a copy of "Special Orders No 191" gave him all the details, and now it was for him to frustrate Lee's plans. Tressing D. II. Hill and Stuart to and beyond the tops of tho South and Catocin mountains, McClellan almost thrust his largo army between the severed wings of tho Army of North ern Virginia. McLaws' rear was in great peril. Ho oould spare but 3,000 of his command to meet one-third of tho federal army under Franklin. Stretching these across the Cul-de-sac, the upper end of Pleasant Valley, ha made so bold a display the federal general failed to attack, though his command numbered 30,000 men. The defense of Harper's Ferry add ed speed and pressure to McClellan, and he was within five miles of the post when the cessation of fire con veyed the mute intelligence that the post had succumbed. Keen was the mortification of the federal commander. Yet knowing the exact position of tho various com mands of Lee, ho had so forced his strong army, he was in position to at tack and beat the separated wings in his orders to Franklin, McClellan writes : "My idea is to out the enemj in two and beat him in detail. I asl of you at this important moment al your intellect and the utmost aotivitj that a general can oxerciso." But McLaws and Hampton otood ii Franklin's path and with audaoioui effrontery bluffed tho federal genera into a fatal halt. Had his 30,00( attaoked with vigor a different ver diet may have boen awarded Sharps burg. Though the ferry had fallen McClel lan was still master of the situatiou His immense army, well in hand am capable of dealing tremendous am fatal blows right and left upon th severed wings of the Army of North ern Virginia. Peculiar, therefore, must have beei tho feelings that stirred the breast o the f?deral oaptain, as with glass ii in hand, from the Red Hill of Antic tam, he surveyed the attenuated line of the elastic Army of Northern Vii ginia, as it took position along th I crest of Sharpsburg. Opportunst was at his elbow. Fortune satsmilio near by, and all things pointed to th realization of his moat oherishe hopes. The defeats of the past wei now to be compensated ia gloriou viotory of the present. "The applaue of listening senates to oommand," th acclaims of the populace, seemed rinj ing in his ears as with apparent oe: tainty he ordered his arms to the ai sault. Jack BOD reached Sharpsburg al moi on the ruo, so rapidly did his ma velous "foot cavalry" move to rejoi Lee. With 6,000 men he took poa tion on the left of.? tho line-Staai with his troopers and horse artillei 1 prolonging that flank to the river. The blustering "Fighting Joe" li orally picked up his 18,000 men ac dashed them at the "Stonewall." Tl J oontaot shattered the federal corp Reforming again it waB thrown npc ? the "Stonewall" and again ab i vere Catting up Mansfield he pressed the united strength upon Jaokson ai foroed him back and ibeyond tl Dunker Church. The preservation that line waa vitsl to the life of Lee army. Jaokson called for assistao add Lee anu? him 5,000 men. A justing his alignment he moved np? tho blue soldiers and again drove the bsok. Sumner, then Franklin, coi ing to Hooker's assiBtanoe, en ab I him to hold his own, but not befo Mansfield had yielded up his life upi the field and Hooker seut to the re painfully wounded. The Bloody Lane, so aptly name became the object of desperate s sault?. Lee had asked Qordon if could hold the eenter until suns? He pledged the Confederate ehiefta to do so, and the bloody victims tb gave the name to the sunken road t< ti fied how truly the Georgian h kept his pledge. Five federal bulb sought his person and drew oopioni i of tho orimson, life-giving finid, a I not until oarried unconscious from t field did this gallant son of tha E pire State yield. His personal coi age i ifeotod his men and they oin with desperation to their work, thou SJ greatly outnumbered. The shad of a line constituted Lee's right, had drawn upon this portion of ! line to maintain hts left and eent upon whioh McClellan had made sc fierce assaults. The federal left under Barnside 1 beea ordered to seise the bridge O' tlio Antietam and crush Lee's ri?r!it. Before that bridtic lay a small, silent, I 'it -tem array ol gray vcteruDS ready io dispute Burnside's passage. Iii? orders were to effect the crowding by o o'clock and disperse the troops on the ridge. These Georgia rifles proved a tough proposition to the federal offi cer. Every effort to carry the bridge paid dearly io dead and wounded from the rifles of the "Cracker" brigade. Quoting from the federal historian, M. Quad : "His (Burnside's) orders were to carry thc bridge by 8 o'clock, but there is no poiut for a quarter of a mile up or down that a soldier could not ford and keep his cartridge box dry. At 0 o'clock Hooker bad loBt 2,000 men and Burnside had hardly fired a gun. Ry 10 o'clock tho center had lost 2,000 men and Burnside had not killed a Confederate. At 11 o'clock he was where daylight had found him. At noon, 0,000 federal lay dead. At 1 o'clock Col. Key was ordered by Mc Clellan to force the bridge with Burn side's troops leading them himself if Burnside would not -then the latter moved. "Burnside has the bridge, but Lee holds the heigths above. One deter mined rush will capture his gunt massed there, or drive them back through the town ; but Burnside ad vanees, balts ; advances, hesitates and finally sends back for reinforce meats, although he has already five tc one. "Some of the guns on Lee's right art positively without infantry supports A dash by a single brigade may de oide the battle, but it is not made. "Franklin (with Sumner) can holt Jackson, but nothing more. Lee hat made his center secure in its position and any direot assault means the de struotion of the assailants. Burnsidi can break through Lee's right with out losing 1,000 me i, and be had fore enough to orush that wing back on th center, but he is not the man for th emergenoy. "We could see the right of Porter' 15,000 reserves lying hidden along th red hill aoross the valley. Let Burn side move with v'^or and strike worthy blow, and he CPU have aid t follow up his success. These reserve are a menace to Lee. They preveo bis right and center from any advane when any opportunity offers. But fe them, he would, in the early morning have flung the few skeleton brigade i oomposing his right across the bridg i and boldly sought to drive Burnside whole corps down on the federal cei ter. "Night oomes and the battle dit away, each army clinging fast to i position. It is a drawn fight. Buri side could have made it a defeat I Lee." On the right, so thinly manned, ai determined aotion by Burnside mn have eveutuated in breaking Lee line. One battery, denuded of i gunners, stood silent, though " battery." Gen. Longstreet, passii along this part of the line with a pc tion of his staff and, seeing the mov ment of Burnside, halted and di mounting Cols. Sorrel and Latro and Maj. Fairfax became i m prom p cannoneers, manning the guns, ope ed a brisk fire on the advanoing fe and thus became no small factor the repulse of the federal left. Night dropped the curtain of dar ness upon one of the bloodiest batt! of modern times-eaoh army dingi with a death grip to its position. Morning found the combatants st in line, but silent-one too weak, t other too terribly punished to assui the aggressive. And so passed t 18th, excepting for a trace for bm ing the dead. That night McClelli receiving two divisions and the rh receding and making praotioable fords, Lee quietly withdrew to t : Virginia bank of the river, j Mistaking the movement of Lee the 19th, McClellan sent Porte corps in hot pursuit. Thia orosi i the Potomac and came up with A. Hill, who, with 2,000 muskets c sufficient artillery, turned upon F ter and drove him into and beyond t Potomac So savage waa the repa I and consequent demor?l;:i?!ou, t loss to Porter in the river was te \ ble-so fearful the Potomao ran : with the blood of the foe, and stream was literally dammed w i their bodies. In conclusion, let again quote the authentic M. Quad "What a storm the North raised cause McClellan did not bag Lee's 1 my ! Hooker, Mansfield and Sum? driven baok to their battle lino in morning-Burnside plotting, hes ! ting and failing-the oenter h av i enough to hold its own, it waa ] Clellan that would have been hag but for the- menace of Potter's serves lying along the red hill. "Thors was a grast flaunt mad Lee's army being demoralized. DOD alisad armies do not go into camp he did that night, within cannon i of his hsttls ?ins and coolly wait the ri vor to fall and uncovor a ft He waited and showed his tty When he retreated he fastened ! teeth into the flesh of those who lowed. When the advance guard pt ed on after that 'demoralised* a 'the Potomao run red with the bloo Porter's men." When Jackson had repulsed placel on tin* defensive tho federal right wing, composing Hooker's, Mans field's, Sumner's and Franklin's corps, Gen. Lee believed that the flank could bc successfully attacked and crushed. It bad made good and strong its posi tion, too much so for Lee's feeble force to assault. Still Lee believed the plan possible. Cul. Henderson, in his most in?rr esticg "Life of Stonewall Jackson,*' tells how Lee urged bis plan and di rected Jackson to take 50 pieces of ar tillery and annihilate McClellan's right. Jackson demurred, as the prioe was too costly. Taking Col. S. 1>. Lee with him they rode to a favorable point of observa tion and carefully scrutinized the situ ation. After a thorough survey Jack sou said : "Colonel, if I give you 50 pieces of artillery can you destroy them ?" After a pause, Col. Lee replied am biguously. Again Jackson said : "Colonel, if I give you 50 pieces of artillery can you destroy them ?" Again Col. Lee replied unsatisfac torily. Then a third time, with de liberate emphasis, the great Stonewall repeated : "Colonel, if I give you 50 pieces of artillery eau you destroy them ?" Col. Lee realized that no evasion would suit J ackson. Under great men tal strain he answered : "No, Gen. Jackson, I cannot." "That is all. We will now ride," responded Jackson. A great revulsion oame over Lee. Shaking with emotion he exclaimed : "Gen. Jackson, give me those 50 pieces. If any man can do it ? will !" "That's all right, Colonel," answer ed Jackson ; "let us ride on." Stephen' D. Lee, who had at Seoond Manassas, less than three weeks be fore, covered himself and his regiment of artillery with imperishable fame, conceiving the idea that Jackson doubted his mon and courage, again pleaded for the privilege bf the at tempt, and on Jaokson declining the gallant artilleryman burst into tears, so greatly was he wrought up. On returning from the Memphis re union in 1901 the writer, for part of the way, was a seat mate of Gen. S.D. Lee, and asked him if he had read Henderson's "Life of Stonewall Jaok son." Gen. Lee replied he had not. The incident was then related, and just as the writer was concluding the narrative Gen. Lee exclaimed : "I remember the incident as if it had ooourred yesterday. I broke down and oried like a child." He was told that was the exact re cord. Few battles in history parallel SharpBbnrg. McClellan had present for duty 87,164 men, his army well in hand, and himself in possession of the now famous "Special Orders No. 191." Lee, with his army soattered over miles of territory, rashly awaited battle, hie army coming into aotion by piecemeal, and of all arms but 35,255 weary sol diers. He pnt every oommand into aotion. He had absolutely no reserves. It is one of the striking instanoos oi his rare audsoity. That he was able to preserve intaot his battle line that memorable September 17th is one oi the mysteries of war. Aooording to the rulos of war, his army should have been defeated and destroyed. But Lee did not fight Tinder the old red tape j plano. His genius created plans as j conditions permitted, and Sharpsburg must always halo his name with heroic glory. The four years of floree carnage, that embraoed over 2,200 combats ol greater or lesr magnitude, never dis played to better advantage the peer less qualities of the Confederate sol dier, nor did any battlefield exhibit more markedly the great genius ol j Robert E. Lee. This fierce battle takes rank as ont j of the bloodiest of modern times. In I eluding the heavy attacks upon thc i slopes and in the gaps of South ant Ca to eton mouutaino, Modell on expo rienoed the loss of 14,794 men. T< these should be added the loss of th< cr ar ri a on of Harner'a Ferr v. tl OAJ " ? - - - -?? -? killed, wounded and captured, and yot have an aggregate of 25,794* In the same encounters the Army o Northern' Virginia suffered losBe amounting to 10,292-8,000 of thea* upon the gory field of Sharpsburg. ? Some Japanese Customs. Widows io Japan out their har short and comb itbaok plainly wi thou a parting unless, indeed, they are pre pared to aooept fresh offers, in whiol case they give a broad bist of the!: inclinations by twisting their hoi' round a long shell hairpin placed hor izontally aoroaa the baok of the head Marriageable maidens distinguish and, as it were, advertise them sol voi by oombhig their looks high in fron and arranging them in the form of i butterfly, which . ie something to ht caught, or a fan half open, and adorn int *hese significant designs witl bright colored balls and gold or ail ve; or& Speaking generally, the dress inf of the hair, whioh is changed a intervals from childhood upward, ii an indication of the ago and positioi of the simple minded ind fatoioatio? female Jap. - The average man is always want i r.g to do som et hing he can't. The Kind You Have Always Bought, and which has been, in use for over 30 years, hu? borne the signature . of and has been made under his per? ^ffl^-J?-},* sonal supervision e?ace 1*8 infancy. ^ /'CoccJu^i Allow no one to deceive you in this* All Counterfeits, Imitations and " Just-as-good" are but Experiments that trifle with and endanger the health of Infants and Children-Experience against Experiment? What is CASTOR?A Castoria is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare* goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotio substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Feverishness. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates the Stomach and Bowels, giving healthy aud natural sleep* The Children's Panacea-The Mother's Friend? GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAY6 Bears the Signature of The KM You Have Always Bought In Use For Over 3G Years. TNI OtMTftUft OOM MN V. TT MURRAY ?TH ?CT. NW TORR O ITT? Car Load Studebaker Wagons just arrived. Car of Kentucky, Old Hickory and Tennessee Wagons to arrive. Also, three cars of Buggies, Carriages, Surreys and pleas ure Vehicles generally. Call and see us. FRET WELL HANKS GO. ONE CAR OF HOG FEED. nave just received one Car Load of HOG FEED (Shorts) at very close prices. Come before they are all gone. Now is the time for throwing LIME Around your premises to prevent a case of fever or some other disease, that'will cost you very muoh more than the price of a barrel of Lime (81.00.) We have a fresh shipment in stock, and will be glad to send you some. If you contemplate building a barn or any other building, see ns before buying your CEMENT and LIME, As we sell the very best qualities orly. . O. O. ANDERSON. BUGGY, WAGON and HARNESS TALE. We have a complete line of the latest styles of Baggies, Surreys, Runabouts, in fact everything in tW Buggy and Harness line*. Pi ices ind terms right. Car Milburn Just received. Don't fail to look' at our stock before buying.. I also sell the celebrated hi^h grade guaranteed Wheeler & Wil son SEWING MACmNES on usual terms. a f* avniAiri anson. A. ?. 51 HlktUANU, DENTI8T. Office Over Farmers and Merchants Baak. SPECIAL attention gt vea (? tBo higher olassefeof Dental work. Crowns; Bridges and Porcelain Inlays, nuoh as are done in tho larger cities. Al) klada of Plates made. Gold Fill ings la artificial teath any timo after Plates are made. Oxygen Goa and Local Anesthetics Riven for the Painless Extraction of tooth. Blnedin* and diseased gama treated. ?&- AU calla to the country and near bv Towns for tho Ptlslsss Extraction of Teeth promptly attended to by a oompe tent assistant. ~ ALONG LOOK AHEAD A nun thinks it is when the matter of life insurance euggee?p itself1-but circumstan ces of late have shown how life hangs by a thread whee war, flood, hurricane and fire soddenly overtakes you, and the,only way to be eure that your fiunliy is protected In case of cala'fe overtaking you is to In sure in a sohd Company like TKe Mutual Benefit Life los Oo Drop in'and see us about it. , j., STATE AGENT. Peoples' Bank BoUd?i*, ANDERSON, O 8.