Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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IN HONOR O Gen. 3 Butler*? -A-ddre? AssembljT in jVtorno o ? ? Mr. President and Gentlemen of the G encrai Assembly: When his Excellency, Governor McSwccnoy, 'li l me thc honor to request that I deliver thu address before the General Assoui bly of this State on the "life, charac ter and services" of Gen. Wade I lamp ton, 1 had, and still ! ave, LT IV. doubt? as to my qual?? :ati ?us foi* the proper performam.!' that high and important function. My di Hi dc ncc was overcome hy a sincere desire t ? ? participate, however imperfectly, in these memorial c?r?monie.", ci ?HUM lu crative of ihi'.great citizen, my com rade and associate, ie the iii"-" try i ni' period >( our history. You mu.?t, therefore, ho i I era iii ? 1 any de?eet . you may discover in my effori. ii is nu exaggeration, and ! ti u t ii will not be deemed an in vidi ous oompari-; iii '?r immodest i i iii, lo say that South ('andina in prop ri iou to her white population has produced as many distinguished statesmen, juri.-t-. soldiers as any of her sister Commonwealths, and done h'-s to do them historic justice. IC not reprehensible, it is certainly not creditable to u.-, that we have in some instances, without correction <>r prote.-t, permitted outsiders, nu fa miliar with their environments, un- j sympathetic, if not unfriendly, t-i im pugn their patriotism, their unselfish fidelity to the principles ot our con stitutional form of government and to ui. i?rrate their eminent characters and > .. ices. .1' true statesmanship consists in the profound study and understanding of tho construction and administration of the best type uf human govern ment; if great jurists are tu he meas ured by the highest legal attainments and clear, lucid, exhaustive exposition j of thc principles of law and equity and fearless, just enforcement of those principles for thc protection of socie ty; if thc ablest practical application of thc best principles in tho science and art of war constitutes groat sol diers, wc have no reason to take a back seat while passing in review the world's most renowned men iu thc great auditorium of history. Let us hope that some Plutarch Will appear in the future to rescue from the partial oblivion into which w.e havo allowed our great names to fall and preserve tho record of their lives in the best form for tho instruc tion and enlightenment of mankind. The subject of our discussion to-day easily takes his place in the front rank of our most distinguished and illus trious countrymen. Gen. Hampton wau born ou Hasc-ll street, in the City of Charleston, on the 28th day of March, 1818, and died in the city of Columbia on the 11th day of April, 1902, in tho 84th year of hit age. He was tho eldest grandson of Gen. Wade Hampton, who served with distinction in the war of tho Revolution, and eldest son of Col. Wade Hampton, who was equally dis tinguished in the war of 1812. It will thus be seen he carno by right of inheritance into the high estate to which he added so much lustro by hid own brilliant achievements. His ear ly education was acquired at a school on Hice Creek and later at the Colum bia Academy, under tho direction of Mr. Daniels, familiarly knowu as "Jimmy" Daniels, a strict and capa ble instructor of the old, perhaps b-.'t school. Hero he was prepared for thc South Carolina College. He .entored the class of 1830 in the 18th year of his age. Among his college associates were John Jacob Sicbcls, Arthur Simpkins (dassmater, Col. William Blandiog, Edwin DeLeon, J. Foster Marshall, John L Manning, W. C. Morangue, Louis T. Wigfall and other distinguished men. Each of these gentlemen were distinguished .in their respective spheres and rcflect - ed credit on thc old College and their State. Gen. Hampton was married to Mar garet Francis Preston, the daughter of Gen. Francis Preston, at Abingdou, Va., October, 1838. This gentle and accomplished lady was the sister of William C. and John S. Preston, two marvellous and entrancing orators, who charmed their hearers by their fervid eloquence and instructed them by their finished scholarship and learn ing. Tho wife of Gen. Hampton's second marriage was Mary Singleton McDuffie, tho only ohild of George McDuffie, another of South Carolina's most il lustrious and gifted statesmen. The first military position held by Gen. Hampton was as aide-de-camp to Governor Pierce M. Butler in 1836-38. Thi* was then regarded, as it should t>e t-?w, a post of honor and distinc tion, u tended with responsible duties and obi Cations. The following oharaotcristioginci de?t io related by a friend : "In the military line he was aide to F HAMPTON. ?s l^e?'oi'o the General rial Session -January 10O3. '.Governor 1*. M. Butler. In this ca ? pacity, as Governor Butler's aide, he j excited much admiration by his superb , horsemanship. Thc Governor's re j view was to bc heh! on Market street, Charleston. Col. Hampton's horse ! was brought to thc Charleston Hotel. I Ile was a mjgiiilicont chestnut, 10 . hands high, with two white hind feet. lt took three negroes tn hold him while- (')i. Hamilton AMS mounting, and then he h td t>? take oil' Ids sword to mount. After scaling himself linn ly, Col. Hampton e tiled for hi s sword, and with si me di iii-o? h y it was handed to 1 im. lu taking ii lie dropped his filovc. Iii- rode ufF, made a dash by (lu1 hotel, and while at full run reach .1 ! .: ?wu and picked up the glove from the ground. The feat was thc talk of tin- .Slate for a long time. His father, Col. Wade Hampton, was.stauding by. Thc Hon. Alfred Huger asked him: "Ar - yoi not. afraid that horse may i I h row Wade '/" "No," said the Col onel, emphatically, "Can he make I Wade shuck his skin?" Subsequently he became captain of I th?; Bichland Bight Dragoons, one of the crack companies of the State. In IS.V2 Wade Hampton was elected third-nn thc list ?.f Beprosciitativcs from Bichland. In 185-1 he was re elected, and again in I8??" he returned at the hea<l of the list. in 1858 he was elected State Senator, succeeding John S. Preston, whose canvass against James H. Adams had been a celebrated political oveut. It is said that Ii ampion foretold the vote in that contest and came within two or three votes of the correct returns. At the opening of the Legislative session of 1801 the following letter was read in the Senate: "Hon. W. I). Borter, President of the Senate-Sir: As my duties as au oflicer of the army render it impossi ble for me lo discharge those of State Senator, I beg to tender my resigna tion as Senator from Bichland. Wade Hampton." Extract from Senate Journal, 1861, p. S: Gen. Hampton was opposed to se cession. He was in Mississippi when the Governor called the Legislature together to consider calling a cr.nven tiou. Ile was not in thc Senate when thc vote was taken. This is a brief outline of Gen. Hampton's political services prior to thc breaking out of tho war for thc establishment and independence of tho Southern Confederacy. Call it "insurreo'don," "rebellion," "civil war," "war between the States," or what not--\ matter of small concern to me-it was real war, "a battle of the giants," and no soldier who took the Geld and did his duty for the establishment of that independence ncc 1 ?eel ashamed of his conduct. In the early fifties the aggressive propa ganda of tho New England abolition ists created intenso excitement in the Southern slavo-holding States, notably in this State. The State was divided into two active parties; one, under thc leadership of R. B. Rhett, James H. Adams, Milledge L. Bonham, John H. Means, F. W. Pickens and other distinguished, patriotic citizens, urged the immediato withdrawal of South Carolina from ihe Union, separate and alone, by resuming that part of her sovereignty she had delegated for the forming of tho Federal Union, and setting up for herself, independent of the action of her sister slave holding States of the South. The other party, under the leader ship of A. P. Butler, (at that time a United States Senator,) Robert W. Barnwell, Preston S. Brooks and other gentlemen equally patriotic and dis tinguished as tho others, counselled moderation and non-action until the oo-operation of tho other slave-holdiug States could bc secured. Thc latter counsels provailcd, and while I have no positive information as to Gen. Hampton's affiliations in that contro versy, which assumed an animated, rather bitter, charaoter during its pro ? gress, I am quite sure, from his con servative, sedate temp?rame t, he ap proved, if he did not aotively advo cate, tho latter course. It is quito certain, as stated above, he was op posed to sesession in 1860-61. It is equally certain that when his fellow oitizens had aoted he threw his whole soul, body and fortune in tho scale with them, as the sequel proved. An accomplished, well-bred, well educated gentleman, Gen. Hampton belonged to that noble olass of South-1 ern land slave owners, who by their high and incorruptible characters, raised the standard of man and wo manhood in the South, and gave woll earned prestige to their sooial distinc tion. Their relations to tboir SUVOB were more in tho nature of a personal and sympathetic guardianship than the harsh and oppressive task-mas ters, so often ascribed to them. Of course, there may have been excep lions, but the exceptions proved the rule. tien. Hampton was a notable exam ple of the kindly master, always solic itous for the welfare and well-being of his slaves, who manifested their ap preciation by their affectionate regard for him. Thc negroes were happy and e o ii tented under his mild and temperate government-an ideal status for them in their then condition, lt was a cruel wrong and crime for Old and New England to wrest them by force from thc savage freedom of their wild habitats in Africa; it was fortu nate for these victims of avarice and cruelty ?hat they were sold into slave ry to humane Southern masters, who did -o nundi lo ameliorate their con dition and lead them in piths towards enlightenment and civilization. While illus class if Southern slaveowners, j of which ??en. Hampton was such a conspicuous and illustrious.exponent, held the reins o? public^iil'air.s, no scandal ever cast ?is hal. foi shadow over their official lives or poisoned the political atm ispherc with its noxious vapors. Their rule of conduct in dis cussing public questions w is to cm ploy reason : nd argument and i 11 tel 1 i - geu^e and never to descend to the tricks ?d' th" p< tty demagogue by ap pealing tu passion and prejudice, or soil their political ermine hy personal traducement and vituperation. It would be unprofitable, perhaps inappropriate, to speculate now what effect their absence from participation in State and National affairs will have on the fate of our constitutional and popular institutions, li is sufficient to say they hewed closely to thc lines laid down by the Eathers in thc con struction and administration of the best system of humane Government ever devi-ed hy mau. The preservation of thc reserved rights of the Slates and of the people, and cordial, liberal support of thc Federal Government, when acting within the sphere of its constitutional power and jurisdiction, were the guid ing stars in their political firmament, from which th?.:r course never devia ted. It ?viii he impossible within thc proper limits of an address like this and on such an occasion to give more than a meagre outline of Gen. Hamp ton's brilliant military career. When the war was on betwecu the Confederate States for their indepen dence and the remaining States or thc Federal Union and almost thc entire civilized world he applied to thc Gov ernor of Souih Carolina, F. W. I'ick ens, for authority to raise a mixed commaud. The authority was giveu and the Hampton Legion, composed of eight companies of infantry, four of cavalry and ono battery, afterwards increased to two, of horse artillery, was tho result. It may be well to note in passing that out of this command thoro wore two lieutenant generals, one major general and three brigadiei generals commissioned in the Confed erate armies. Thc Legion, or thc major portion ol it, was assembled in June, 1861, about three miles east of Columbia, on thc road leading to "Milwood," the home of the Hamptons. Gen. (then Col onel) Hampton assumed command and here it learned its preliminary lessuni for the long, perilous and splendit career ahead of it. How faintly dit those incomparable soldiers then real ixe what was in store for them. During tho month of July the Le gion was moved to Virginia and haltet for a time in Richmond and vicinity The infantry portiou reaohed Manas sas in time to participate in tha memorable battle, and played a ooo spiouous part in defeating the Federo army under McDowell and putting i to flight to Washington. Col. Hamp ton was severely, but not dangerously wounded in the hip by a buokuho: doubtless from the explosion of shrapnel shell-a wound from whio ho never entirely recovered. After the turmoil and exoitemec created by the first battle of Manassa had subsided the respective armit nettled down behind their cntrcnol ments, awaiting another move OD tb chess board of war. Col. Hampton moved the Legion t Baoon Race Church, about twenl miles cast of Manassas. The cavali was later transferred to the Telegraf Road, in tho neighborhood of Du fries, where it was actively employe in maintaining a long line of picke on thc Oooquan and Potomac rivet Tho fall of '61 and the winter '61-'62 were comparatively unoventf on the line of Gen. Joseph E. Joh ston's army of Northern Virginia. When McClellan, who succeed McDowell in command of the army the Potomac, changed his base a sat dowu in front of Magruder Yorktown, Gen. Johnson abandon his lines in front of Washington a j moved his army to Magruder's si i port. Gen., and then Col., Hampt and the Legion were a part of tl army and participated in the defei of Yorktown. While MoClellan \ approaching its defences by paral! on Johnson's retreat from York to to tho lines in front of Riohmond, Legion was a part of Gon. G. Smith's column on the York Ri side and, with Hood's Texans, ha sharp engagement with Franklin's - II i ??mm ?iiinfi vision of McClellan's army at West S Point, on the York River. Then fol lowed the battle of Williamsburg, thc defence of Richmond against McClel lan, who had moved up on thc line of thc Cbickahominy, the battle of Seven Pines, seven days' fights and McClel lan's defeat and retreat to Harrison s Landing, on thc James River. In the spring of 1802 the Legion, as a separate organization, was broken up. Thc infantry retained thc name of "Hampton Legion." Six troops of cavalry were added to the four troops of thc Legion battalion and constitu ted tho second South Carolina cavalry. Thc batteries of horse artillery were assigned to the corps of horse artillery of thc army. Gen. Hampton's commission as col onel in thc Confederate army was dated July IL', 1801. On the 23rd of .May, 1862, he was made brigadier general and assigned to thc temporary command of an infantry brigade, composed of the Hampton Legion-eight companies-thc Mth and HUh Georgia and 10th North Carolina regiments. He remained in command of this brigade until the fall of 1802, when he placed in command of thc 1st cavalry brigade, army of Northern Virginia the arm of the service bc preferred composed of the 1st u>:d 2d South Carolina cavalry, 1st North Carolina, Jeff Davis Legion, Cobb's and Phil lips's Georgia legions and Hart's bat tery of horse artillery. To do full justice to Gen. Hampton's career at that time a detailed history of this splendid brigade would be necessary. As that would be taxing your time md patience unreasonably, 1 can only refer briefly to a few points. It is L'nough in this connection to say thc brigade was a part of that grand army ?f Northern Virginia, participating faithfully and gallantly in ail its'glo rious campaigns, doing its full share of thc arduous and perilous duties through which it passed. After the battle of Sharpsburg in September, 1802, Gen. Hampton's jrigadc was on duty in the upper val ey of Virginia. It was camped for juite a time near Martinsburg, on the baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and .vhen Stuart executcd^that celebrated .aid across thc Potomac through Mer jersburg, Chambersburg, near Gettys burg, and Emmittsburg, back to the srossing of the Potomac at White's ?ord, a strong detachmcut of tho best nountcd men of Hampton's brigade vas a part of tho column-with Fitz Lee's and Wm. H. F. Lee's brigades. The 2nd South Carolina cavalry led .he advance tho first day ?ad crossed .he river about the dawn of day at s 'ough and therefore unexplored ford, This regiment reached the suburbs ol ;ho city of Chambersburg, Pennsyl vania, at 8 o'clock p. m., and moved uto the public square without resist ince. Gen. Hampton was appointee Military Governor of the oity, and hi turned over the command to the com nanding officer of the 2d South Caro ina gavalry. Uuder tue rule usually >btaining in suoh cases this gallan ?egiment having led the advance tin irst day brought up the rear the next ind, it so happened, occupied the pos >f greatest danger on both days. It ?ear guard left Chambersburg about ! ?. m. of the seoood day, the mail jody having moved at daylight. B; he route taken by Stuart the distanc 'rom Chambersburg to White's For >n the Potomac waa reported to b linety miles, and was made in abou iwenty-four hours-the longest an juiokest continuous maroh ever mad >y a eolumn of cavalry up to thc ime. They were a gay, rollicking, dan levil lot of Confederate horsemen Foung, fearless, ready for any erne: genoy, led by such commanders t Stuart, Hampton and the two Leei They oonld and would have ridde lown almost anything that might gi n their way. Hampton's brigade was moved aoroi the mountains, and in the winter < 62-63 took station in winter cami near Brandy Station and Stevensbur, guarding tho crossings of tbe upp Uappahanuoek aud Robinson River From this position Hampton led person a number of daring expeditioi icross tho river to thc rear of Bur aide's army, near Frederioksburg^a tur?"_, prisoners, teams, commisse si i quartermaster stores in lar quantities. Ile would select the mo inolement weather (and properly, I cause the enemy would be less vij tant and on his guard,) and da through sleet aud snow at night a before daylight pounoe on his unsi pecting victims. On the 3d of August, 1863, he * made a major general, having oo manded his old brigade through t oampaign of 1863 at Brandy Static Upperville, Gettysburg andbaok-a all the battles, combats, skirmisl inoident to an aotive, vigorous OB paign. At the battle of Getty sb; he received a sabre out on the head a hand to hand enoounter with a F eral oavalryman, whomahe unhori and plaoed hors-du-oombat. V. . Grant took command of the army the Potomao, in the spring of 18 while Meade next in oommand, i Sheridan his ohief of cavalry, Hat ton's division consisted of Bude Rosser's and Young's brigades, rant ing in thc order named. The other two cavalry divisions of Gen. Lee's army were commanded by Fitz and Wm. H. P. Lee, tho nophow and son of the commanding general; the three divisions commanded by Geu. J. E. JJ. Stuart. Stuart was killed at Yellow Tavern in May, 1864, which left Gen. Hamp ton thc ranking major general of cav alry. Gen. Lee sent Gen. Hampton with his own and Fitz Leo's division to in tercept Sheridan and Wm. II. F. Lee's division after Wilsou. Hampton and Sheridan came together near Trevil ian'.s Station on the 11th of June, 1SG4, and, after two days' fierce fight ing, Sheridan was compelled to re treat, and no doubt glad to get back to Grant's lines. Sheridan telegraphed to Washington he had met infantry and, therefore, compelled to turn back. Thc nearest infantry soldicts to that battle were a few iu thc hospi tal at Gordonsville, some ten miles away. The long range Enfield rifles of the gallant South Carolina brigade, the -1th, 5th and 6th regimeuts, ars what misled him, no doubt. It is due to thc men of that brigade to Kay they bore 'tho brunt of Sheridan's deter mined assaults and repulsed them all. On his retreat Sheridan made a wide detour and when bc reached the White House, on the Pamaunkey River, whero thc Federal gunboats were sta tioned. Hampton coufronted him again, meantime having dogged his footsteps, through the heat and dust and thirst and hunger of those terri bly hot summer days. Sheridan pushed Gregg's division out to St. Mary's Church. Hampton attacked, routed aud pursued him un til the night was several hours late, capturing between four and five hun dred prisoners. Wilson had been turned back at Staunton River by a Binall force of home guards and Confederate soluiers returning from furloughs. Sheridan having been disposed of Hampton's division was moved across the James River, Fitz Lee's following a few days afterwards, aod= hurried down the Weldon Railroad to inter cept Wilson as he was trying to re turn to Grant's lines. Hampton's di vision was thrown across his path at Sapony Church, near Stoney Creek Station. Wilson made desperate as saults on the division, lasting the en tire night. About daylight a hundred picked meu got in his rear and his line fell to pieces. He pulled out and undertook to break across at Ream's Station, higher up ou the rail road towards Petersburg. There he met Fit;. Lee's division and had to swing back and away round by Notta way Court House to get back home. Now give me your attention while I briefly recapitulate. 'Pre villi au's Sta tion and Stoney Creek, the nearest railroad station to Sapony Church, are about equi distant from Riohmond, in opposite directions, say forty miles. The battle of Trevillian's Station was fought on tho 11th and 12tb of June, 1864. The fight with Gregg at St. Mary's Church on the 24th of June. At Sapony Church and Ream's Station on the 28th and 29th of June. So that in seventeen days Hampton defeated Sheridan, Gregg and Wilson, the first and last having a force large ly superior to his own. His command in that time mus?, have marched and oountei-marched more than a hundred miles, with the scantiest supply of food for men and animals, and killed, wounded and captured as many men as he had under his command. I don't beliove a parallel cac be found for this anywhere in the annals of military history. 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