Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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SECK The Causes wtiich. led Souther By Herbe ["Thc following is the Essay read by Herbert Nowell at the recent closing exercises of tb? Central Graded School in this city thajt won th? medal offered by the Robert E. Lee Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, for the best essay on '"The Causes of Seces sion."] The very mention of "Secession" briDgs to the Southerner thoughts of hardships undergone and sacrifices made of all that was dearest to him bis life, his home, his family, his friends, everything that ho could sac rifice to aid his country, and all for no motive of self-interest, except that ! which actuates the greatest men of rU j times-honor and patriotism. In order to have a full understand ing of the ?venta which led to the struggle for Southern independence, it will be necessary to follow the growth of the two sections from their first set tlements in the New World. The opposing armies of . England, tl.e Cavaliers and tho Puritans, had representatives in America in ther de K C ndants, tho settlers of Virginia and Massachusetts, respectively. It was the most natural thing in the world that these should disagree, for their ideas of religion, of life, and of duty were as opposed lo each other as the traditions of their ancestors whom they venerated. It, is, indeed, re markable that people so different should have been held so long to gether, and this would have been im pressible had there not been a line of patriots who were willing to sacrifice much for the belief that "in Union lies strength." * In 1607 the Cavaliers made a set tlement at Jamestown, destined to be the beginning of the Southern States. Thirteen years later a colony of Puri tans laid the foundation of the North ern States at Plymouth. From these States, Virginia and Massachusetts, were to spring those conflicting inter ests which, spreading over. the other Statea, were to render a separation necessary. For awhile, the sections were bound together by the help which each gave the other in the struggle to escape from their common tyrant, England's King. Xed by the friendly feeling and patriotism which sc gr?ai a vic tory as the Revolution naturally env gendered, and by the desire to form a great republio in the Western Hem isphere, the States decided to delegate a part of their powers to a central gov ernment formed for the natural pro tection of all. At the same time it was clearly understood that no right or privilege of a State, not expressly delegated to the Union, was given up by the State. Thus, according to the Constitution of the United States, the "Union" was in reality a "Con federation" of sovereign States held together by a contract binding, as all contracts are binding, only so long es each party carried out its obligations. That this doctrine of "States Rights" was at first acknowledged by both sections ?B proved by numerous facts. When war was declared against England in 1812, Northern militia was drafted and inado to serve in the war outside of their Steles, Thin the New England States considered un constitutional. . Delegates from these were sent to Hartford to consider the situation. An effort was made to con ceal the acts of this convention, but it soon became known that it was /only through fear of the consequences that it had not openly advocatsdj?cess?cn from the Union. When, during the administration of Adams, tho "Alien and Sedition Laws" were passed, the central government thoa taking to it self undelcgated powerB, Kentucky passed r?solutions declaring posi tive ly that thc Union had. no power to pass such laws under the constitution, and that if such laws were passed tho right of the separate States was indis putable to nullify said, laws within their own boundaries. Virginia fol lowed with declarations to the sime effect. So strong was the Sentiment in favor of "State Sovereignty," afc this time, that thc offending acts had to be .repealed. The principle of "Sutes Rights" has been clearly put forth by Daniel Websterc formerly tha^run* A*poT?id?r of the Northern interpretation of the constitution, when Ihn sura "I haye not hesitated to say, and I repeat, that if tbs Northern States re fuse, wilfully and deliberately to carry into eff?ofc tr*afc part of tho constitu tion which respects the restoration *f fugitive alav?s, and Congres? provide no remedy, (he South would no longer be bound to observe tba* compact. A bargain cannot be broken on ono side, and still bind tho Other side." The great protest for tho war given by tho No?th was the holding of slaves in tho South. . That the . North was 'insincere in thia pretensi?n >.< proved by these faeWj that slavery was first SION to tlie Secession of the ri States. rf Nowell. ero sailors; that every Northern State, ezoept perhaps one, at sometime held slaves, only giving them up when she found them a burden rather than a help, on aooount of the unsuitability of the olimate; and that she resisted the formation of laws prohibiting the importation of negroes, because her merchants were profiting by the slave trade. The North was dolighted with the idea of posing as a philanthropist while at the same time she advanced her own interests by depriving thc South of the mainstay of her prosper I ity. Following out this plan she mado i an enormous display of sympathy (ac quired very conveniently) for the slaves of the South. The whole .framework of Southern prosperity rest ed on tho holding of negroes as pro perty. This being the case, the North thought to dif obie the South by the emancipation af slaves, and to gain for herself what the South lost. In other words, the North sought to cover her desire for supremacy in the Union, under the semblance of trying to free the so-called oppressed slaves of the South. Not only by the abolition of slavery, but by (the imposition of protective tariffs, sectional in their opperation and uniformly having the design of benefiting the manufacturing States at the expense of the agricultural, or "Cotton States," did the North seek to weaken the influence of the South. Having the balance of power on her side in Congress, she unjustly used it to injure the South by protecting her owu industries and injuring those of the South. The general government thus discriminated between the sec tions, bringing wealth and influence to the one, and a corresponding loss to the other. This was so manifestly contrary to the preamble of the constitution which states that the Union Was formed to promote the welfare of all, that South Carolina deelared the oppressive tax to be null and void in her dominion. In this step she was justified by the constitution itself and by numerous precedents. However, her right was denied and she waa compelled by the threats of the President to repeal the Nullification Acts. The firm stand oho had made, nevertheless, had the effect of reducing the tariff. When the colonies stated the rea son o which justified them in throwing off their allegiance to England, one of tho chief grounds of complaint was the inciting of domestic insurrection by the King. The-Southern States suf fered from oiiiseus of the North in the same manner. John Brown, MB mind being inflamed by the Abolition I ist literature, so freely circulated in the North, with , a body of white men invaded Virginia with the purpose of arming the slaves for a -negro insur rection. Those of the North who per sisted in considering him a martyr, because he was overtaken by a just retribution for his murderous plan, made themselves his accomplices, in thought. The North, tho always protesting that she wished, the Union preserved, made objections to every advance of ibo Sc-j-ih towards bringing about a better understanding between tho sec tions. When she was asked in her turn to propose conditions that would suit her, and yet satisfy the claims of justice, she ''maintained a sullen silence,''-thus tacitly acknowledging that justice was not what she desired, but rather the control of ali the affairs of the Union,. let the South fare as she would. On the other hand, all through this timo of contention, "the South demand?ded simple justice." It has been shown that the North systematically tried to destroy the equality of tho States, whioh the con stitution had guaranteed; and it has also, been shown that when the con stitution ?has been Interpreted so as flagrantly to violate the purposes for which it was formed, and one party to .the contract broke its obligations as laid down in the constitution, tbeotber party was no longer bound to regain in a Uni an. which lia? injurious '"0 her. Tho oppression of tho South was something that no Southerner with honor could bear, yet every extort was ui??? ?y ?ho South, consistent with her dignity, to avert the war whioh the H?xiu waa forcing upon her. She tried to adjust affairs as between ore gentleman and another, but when a deaf ear was turned to the principles of justice, she claimed that sovereign ty whioh had never been. relinquished and withdrew from an alliance which was both prejudicial to her every 'Ur terert and inconsistent, with the spirit of tho South! She preserved the Union till tho last moment, hoping against hope that the North would perceive tho injustice^ her course. Yet when tho leader of the party working against the interests bf the South waa? elected to'th?i residency what was not only her right but her duty to herself and to posterity and withdrew from the Union. This she did quietly and tho, with the greatest enthusiasm, with no provocation to wards the North. Linooln's election was the occasion, but for the true cause of secession, let us turn to tho wordo of the Presi dent of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis: "It was not the paseago of the per sonal liberty laws, it was not the cir culation of incendiary documents, it was not the raid of John Brown, it was not the operation of unjust and un equal tariff laws, nor all oombined, that constituted tho intolerable griev ance, but it was the systematic and persistent struggle to deprive tho Southern States of equality in the Union-generally to discriminate in legislation against tho interests of their people, oulminating in their ex clusion from the territories, the com i mon property of the States, as well as by the infraction of their compact to promote domestic tranquillity." "No alternative remained except to seek the security out' of the Union, which they had vainly tried to obtain within it. The hope of our people may be stated in a sentence. It was to escape from iojary and strife in the Union, and to ii i'1 prosperity and peace out of it." Agalust Matrimony. Matrimony is not attractive to wo men employed in government offices, unless alliances are formed with par ties unqnestionably prosperous and of such character as to assume the woman who holds a Government clerkship that she is likely to be removed by marriage beyond the bounds of misfor tune. Women here know that the Government pays the highest price for labor of any employer in the mar ket. A woman who enters the ser vice at a salary of $900 a year brings no skill whatever, as a rule, and may have no more laborious and responsi ble work than folding circulars or ad dressing envelopes. She is immense ly better off in pay than the expert saleswoman who gets $75 a month. Theo tho expects and gets advance ment. Souu she receives $1,000 a year. At best, she is expected to have little more than average indus try and intelligence, and she employs all her working facilities only seven hours a ray. Even if she be a type writer, she is better paid than her competitor in private life, and she is sore of her pay and her thirty days' leave of absence eaoh year. Such a woman has seen so many clerks marry-to beoome the suppor ters of families that she is fearsome, even of the young man who comes to |ake her driving at 4 o' clo ck. She re members one of this kind who married a elerie, and is now supported by that clerk, who resumed her position after a year of wedded bliss. An illustra tion quoted iathat of a division of the service in which there are four mar ried women out of sixty-five clerks. What their husbands do is a mystery, but it is assumed that they are to be lound at home at mea! times.-Wash ington Correspondence New York Times. m - Last fall I sprained my left hip, while handling some heavy boxee. The doctor I called on said at first it was a slight strain and would soon be well, but it,grow worse and the doctor then said I had rheumatism. . It con tinued to grow worse and I could hardly get around to' work. I went to a drug store and the druggist recom mended me to try Chamberlain's Pain Bairne T tried it and one-half of a 50-cent bottle cured me entirely. I now recommend it to all my friends. It is for sale by Hill-Orr Drug Co. - The most important thing to a woman is her husband; the most im portant thing to a mas is his dinner. For driving out dull billions feeling, strengthening the appetite and increas ing the capacity of toe body for work, Prickly Ash Bitters is - a golded rem edy. > Sold by Evans Pharmaoy. - A widow who doesn't want to get married again is most as unnatur al as a man who wants to get married at al). , LOST-Jiany golden opportunit?s have been lost by . those who suffer rheumatism. By taking Rheumaoide now they will be permanently and gositively cured. Sold in Anderson y Evans Pharmaoy. - Every man that weighs moro than 200 ought be made to wear cor. sects as a horrible example. When the liver is active the health is always good. De Witt's Little Ear ly Risers are famous little pills for the .?wa ??.??? wnuiD. IJIBUB jruarmaoy. - You cannot dream yourself into Cao???t?f, yon mus? baauucr and forge yourself one. Ivy poisoning, poison wounds and accidental injuries are quickly cured by using Dewitt's Witch Hasel Salvo. It is also a certain cure for piles and st io diseases. Evans Pharmaoy. Getting rich quickly may be all right, but trying to do it is danger ous. \ If your brain wo?-'t work right and' you miss the snap, vim and energy that was once yours, you should Uko Prickly Ash Bitters. It cleanses the system and invigorates both body and brain. Sold by Evans Pharmacy. - New Orleans has au ice war, and ico is sold at 8 cents a hundred ponnds at-thc factory. ^/^uV-" " ' ." ii'.' Sheridan's Ride from Winchester, j To the Editor of the St. Louis Re public: I notice in the Republic of recent date a special from boston, headed "Blow at a Popular Idol," giving the views of General Manning in regard to Sheridan's Ride from Winchester, whioh has been made famous by T. B. Read's poem. Gen eral Manning called the story of Sher idan's ride "poppycock," and said that his coming had no effect on the result of the battle. General Manning's version is largely correct, but not quite accurate in de tail. I append a true account of thc so-called "ride." I was ono of Sheri dan's body-guards and with him on that eventful day. 31. S. BARNETT, Formerly of St. Louis and once a pri vate in Third New Jersey Cavalry, Custer's Brigade. Cuba, Mo. On the night of October 17, 18?4, General Sheridan, who had been on a visit to President Lincoln and Secre tary Stanton at Washington, arrived at Martinsburg, W. Va., on his way to join his command, which was then looated ono mile north of Cedar Creek, forty-two milos up the Shenandoah Valley. At that time Martinsburg was the nearest railroad point, and the depot for supplies. Transporta tion to the front was by wagon trains. On October 18 Sheridan accom panied a long wagon train under cav alry guard from Martinsburg to Win chester, a distance of twenty-two miles. He staid over night in the town and the cavalry escort camped in an open field on the southeast side. Shortly after sunrise on the morning of Ootober 19 Sheridan rode leisurely out of Winchester on the macadam road leading southwest. He was mounted on an elegant black horse whose hair was sleek and shiny. He was accompanied by an orderly, a very large and well-preserved army chap lain and a few other officers. Twenty four cavalrymen marched in advanoe of the General and about the same number made up the rear guard. We were guarding "Little Phil" from Mosby's Guerrillas. They proceeded up the road at an ordinary walk. The low moan of distant oannon had been heard in the early morning, but caused no appre hension. The maroh proceeded in this wsy for about one and a half hours, when some wagons and a number of soldiers were seen coming down the road and scattered on either side. They were much excited and hurriedly related hew the army had been attacked by General Early before daylight and had been driven back and much of it stampeded. This news of disaster was received by Sheridan when about four and one" half miles from Winchester. He at viic? put s^urs to his horse and gal loped up the road through the strag glers and reached the headquarters ol General Wright (on whom the com mand devolved during Sheridan's ab Benoe) at about 10 o'clock. This loca tion was near Middletown and sis miles northeast of Cedar Creek anc fifteen miles from Winchester. Henc< the distance travelled during the cele brated ride was. ten and One-hal i miles, and not twenty miles, as relat?e by song and story. The feat was not very extraordinary for a man to per form, provided he had a horse who S? wind and muscle could hold out. lu order to understand the o a run and extent of the "stampede," and U show that some historians are bettei adapted to the making of heroes that to the recording of true history, ii will be necessary to nofciae? briefly th? position occupied by the Army of th< Shenandoah on the morning of th< attack. The Sixth, Eighth and Nineteentt corps were encamped in the form of i crescent, or semi-circle, with the Sixtt on thc right, the Eighth in the eentei LIME, LIM] CEM? NOW is the time to whitewash j Lime, Cement, Plastering, Hair, &c. goods at low prices.. Over 5,000 ban derson during tho last year. Our Te Orr Cotton Mill and the Cox MTg. < front a barrel to a car load Lime, Poi Use nb other Lime or Cement but ou: > Remember, we are Headquarters Corn, Oats. Ha And everything in the Grocery line. Yours for business, . o. Car Unknown and Whippoorwi they are gi ing cheap. " ' S'* . ' ' " B G. r*VAHs, Sr. PENDLE DH/tTO-S and Perfumery, Toilet Ai Fancy Soaps, Spo Hair and Rubber Goods and Di Faints, Oils, 1 and the Nineteenth on the left. The Confederates carno up the macadam road, chiefly, and made the attack on the center. The result was that the Eighth Corps was taken completely by surprise. Some seised their rifles and ran from their tents to the low breastworks, construoted of a few logs, with a little dirt thrown on them, and were killed. The others escaped from their tents and scamper ed to the rear. It was the Eighth Corps that was thus demoralized, while the Sixth and Nineteenth re treated in good order. Only a few of the stragglers returned to take part in the great battle that raged from 3 o'clock to sunset, and which resulted in the defeat of General Early. The bulk of tho fighting was done by the Sixth and Nineteenth corps, that had not been stampeded. There is no desire to dim the glory and honor of General Sheridan. He was an able commander, and a brave and dashing soldier. But in this case he did not "save the day," because tho day had not been lost. He did not "bring order out of chaos," be cause thero was no chao? when he ar rived on the scene. He did not "gather up a lot of stragglers and hurl them against the Confederate army." The victory was won by troops that had not been stampeded. It could have been won without thc aid of Sheridan. The Care of Kid (?lores. A little painstaking care will pro long the creditable appearance and lifo of kid gloves indefinitely. When purchasing gloves it is well to get a spool of cotton thread of the same shade for use in mending rips and torn places. To attempt to mend a glove with silk thread is to court disaster. The glove will likely be torn and .out by the thread and one's temper somewhat raffled. To clean soiled gloves place them on the hand and rub briskly with ben zine. To give them anew appearance, as soon as they are dry, apply with a sponge a solution of Diamond dye for wool, of the color desired. When dry again the glovcB should be thoroughly robbed with a little sweet oil and then wrapped in flannel and placed under a heavy weight. This treat ment will give them a glossy, smooth look. Of course almost every one knows to button the second button first, to relieve the strain on the first button; and to remove gloves by first turning the wrist wrong side out. Also not to button one glove with the- gloved fingers of the other hand, or a new pair will be a necessity soon, for the fingers will be promptly worn into holes. A Card rf Thanks. I wish to say that I feel under last ing obligation? for what Chamberlain's Cough Remedy has done for our fami ly. We have used it in so many oases of coughs, lung troubles and whooping cough, and it has always given the most perfect satisfaction, we feel greatly indebted to the manufacturers of this remedy and wish them to please accept our hearty thanks.-Respect fully, Mrs. S. Doty, Des Moines, Iowa. For sale by Hill-Orr Drug Co. - Two employees of the Chicago waterworks department have been ar rested on Lae charge of defrauding the city out of $100,000 by tampering with water meters. Unless food is digested quickly it will ferment and irritate tho stomach. Kodol Dyspepsia Care digests what you eat and allows yon to eat all you need of what you like. Speedily cures dyspepsia. Evans Pharmacy. - Most men commit m uriage al most as thoughtlessly as they would suicide. Neglect is the short step so many take from a cough or cold to consump tion. The early use of One Minute Cough Cure prevents consumption. It is the only harmless remedy thatgives immediate results. Cures all throat and lung troubles. Evans Pharmacy. li;' ' ~~ NT, CEMENT ! ?ur barns and bc ?ld. We handle the We carry the largest stock and best ?ls of our Lime have been Bold in An nessee brand is the Lime that built the o. We are prepared to furnish you land or Rosendle Cement at any time, j-?they are the best, on r. Flour, Tftiintftftft ? . -r --~ ---"??-i Come and see us or send us yorjr order. *. ANDERSON & BRO. ! Peas to go this week. Come quick, R. B. DAY, M. B. tOW. 8. C. icios, iges, Combo, tooth Brushes, iggist Notions? arnishes, Dyes, 'Garden Seeds. .THESE; LADIES HAVE NEVER Tried The ^reat system regulator PRICKLY ASH BITTERS, Because they think it ia nac^ and bitter, d isagreeable I to the stomach and violertT, ir) action. ASK THESE They will tellyouitis rnotatall disagreeable. [And as a cure for Indi?es?ior), j ^CoDstipatior), Kidney .Disorders if fe un Evans Pharmacy, Special Agents. Peoples Bank of Anderson Moved into their Banking House, and are open for busi ness and respectfully solicits the patronage of the public. Interest paid on time deposits by agreement. NOTICE Abeting of tho Stockholders of the Willlumnton Milla is hereby called for Saturday, June :M), WOO. at 12 o'clock m., at theoilioeof the Wllllainston Fe male College, Wllllainston, S. C., for the fiurpoBe of considering tho propriety of noreaslng the Capital Stock of the said Williamston Mills from One Hundred Thousand Dollars to Two Hundred Thousand Dollars. Let every stockhold er be present either in person or by proxy. This is of the utmost importauoe. Hy order of the Hoard of Director'-. G. W. SULLIVAN,' Pren, und Treas. M?y :;o, liMH) tn j - THE - BANK OF ANDERSON. J. A. BROCK, President. JOS. N. HROWN, Vice Presiden t. H. F. MAULDIN, Cashier. THE largewt, htrougest Bank in the County. Interest Paid on Deposits By special agreement. With unsurpassed.facilities and resour ces we are at all times prepared to ac commodate our customers. Jan 10, 1900_ 29 Why "Mastic" is tile Best! We claim that . . . Mastic Mixed Paint 18 the BEST, because it has lead and zinc aa a base, in the proper propor tions to get the best results, and is ground in pure linseed oil. It is honestly made ; the same to-day, to-morrow and all time. It is absolutely pure, and contains no ?hiting, chalk, barytes or other adulterant. It dries with a beau tiful gloss finish, not possible to obtain with hand-made paints. It has great er covering capacity than any paint on tho market It has been tried and tested for twenty years. It is not an experiment, but is the leading paint wherever sold. In support of the above sta te men te, we beg to nail attention to the anal ysis and our guarantee- One of the strongest points in favor of Mastic Paint is the fact that the United States Government is using it on the forts and posts in Texas and the Mexican frontier, in a climate the most trying of any in the country cn paints. HILL-ORR DRUG CO. D. 8. VANDIVER. E. P. VAN DIV ER VANDIVER BROS. We are strictly in it on HEAVY GROCERIES, Suchas FLOUR, COHN, BRAN, MOLASSES, COFFEE, SUGAR and TOBACCO. We buy all cf the above for Spot Cash, which puts us in posi tion to take care of your interest as well as any firm in this County, and pos sibly better than some. We can do you more good than anybody on SHOES. Strictly wholesale prices to Merchants on the celebrated Schnapps and "Blue Jay TOBACCO. Big Stock DRY GOODS, SHOES and HATS, bought before the recent big advance. Come and get your share at old prices. Yours for business, VANDIVER BROS. m ; 3 < ? CO 0 3 O sd Jb.fi O B?.* z P:S g?Sa s i Sis S s s s ii ? I t3 OD S CLARENCE OSBORNE. RUTLEBOE OSBORNR: Stoves, Stoves! Iron King Stoves, Elmo Stoves, Liberty Stoves, Peerless Iron King Stoves, And other good makes Stoves and Ranges. A big line of TINWARE, GLASSWARE, CROCKERY and CHI NAWARE. Also, anything in the line of Kitchen Furnishing Goods-such as Buck ets, Trays, Rolling Pins, Sifters, &c. Thanking our friends and customers for their past patronage and wish ing for continuance of same . Yourstruly, OSBORNE & OSBORNE.