Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TOTAL ECLIPSE "With Some Reference Visible in the S May 28 N G. E. Lumsden, F. ll. A. Were it possible for us to see shad ows against the sky, and to take up out in space a position suitable for the purpose, we should perceive that both the earth and the moou cast behind them vast black cones pointed away fromthe-sun, the common source of illumination. Could we measure these cones, we should find that the shadow j of the earth is S50,000 miles, and that the shadow of the moon is 23S,000 miles in average length. Thc moon's path is far from being exactly circu cular. It is elliptical, or egg-shaped, ! so that while the distance which sep arates the earth and moon from each ! other averages 240,000 miles, there are days when she is only 222,000 miles away, and other days when she is as far off as 252,000 Jiiles, a difference of 50,000 miles. And this is the reason that, to the naked eye, our satellite at times appears to be larger or smaller than at other times. Any one who follows her through a sufficient num ber of lun?ticas will detect not only these but other interesting differen ces, and will notice that she never "fulls'' twice iu the same part of the sky, because she is constantly chang ing her position by rising or falling from night to night, thus passing, as it were, every month, through many degrees of north and south declina tion. And it will be further observed that, in obedience to some law, the moon in njir Stimmers becomes full at or near lit->? lo?wst point as she hangs over the South'-ru horizon, and in our Winters ut her highest point over our heads, thus providentially affording light to that pole, for the time being, most in need of it. An eclipse of the sun visible to us can occur only when the moon is new, that is, when she passes exactly between us and the sun, just as one might pass his clenched hand from right to left between his face and a lighted lamp. Now, if an eclipsa happen when she is at her least distance, 220,000 miles, from us, and, therefore apparently greatest in diameter, the apex or point of her shadow-cone will come in contact with the surface of the earth, and be brok en off to the extent of some thousands of miles. If, however, one happens when the moon is at her greatest dis tance, 252,000 miles from us, and, therefore, apparently least in diame ter, the apex of the shadow will pass over our heads at a distance of many thousands of miles, and somewhat af ter the fashion of a balloon floating by at a considerable height. In the first instance, the eclipse will be total along -the path more or less curved, . over which the broken shadow travels, > because the moon will be large enough i -to hide the san. In the second, the j eclipse will be annular, because the jnoon will have been, by her distance, ^.apparently diminished to that degree that at no instant while she is cross ing the solar disk, can she completely . obscure it, for around her coal-black t body will blaze a ring of the white-hot --sun. Of the stupendous scale of total -eclipses, moon-cast shadow-appari tions are impressive and awful to the last degree; ?hey are phenomena never j "forgotten by those who see them. "Than Prof. Langley there is no better authority, he having observed three. Ko wonder he declares that repetition does not dull the interest, and that a 1 total eclipse of the sun is worth a journey round the world to behold. ! For the purpose of observing these phenomena, scientific men and women do not hesitate, literally, to go to the ends of the earth. Especially prom ising eclipses have found enthusiastic observers on the steppes of Russia, the wastes of Asia, the inhospitable shores of Africa, the peaks of the Andes, the lonely rocks in mid-Pacif ic. The total phase is the only por tion of a solar eclipse of the slightest value to astronomers or solar physi cists, or, indeed, of real interest to the mere sight-seer, and this phase, under the best possible conditions, cannot at any one place last so long as eight minutes; commonly, the duration does not exceed three minutes. Not withstanding this, and the chance of complete failure, owing to the pres ence of clouds, costly expeditions are from year to year fitted out by govern ments, observatories, societies and private munificence, and the arduous duties devolving upon them are un grudgingly assumed by men cager to glean from the sky every vestige of information obtainable by telescope, spectroscope and camera during the few precious moments that the obscu ration of the sun is sufficiently com plete to allow critical examination to be made of the solar appendages, visi ble to man only when daylight has 'been thus temporarily turned into night. Beaders of the Scientific American will, therefore, readily ap preciate the keen interest with which scientific men and women on this con tinent are looking forward to the next total eclipse, which, most fortunately S OF THE SUN. 5 to the iSText Eclipse .outhern States, , 1900. S., itt Scientific American. for them, will, on the 28th of May, 1900, be visible in 3Iississippi, Ala bama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carol ina and Virginia, or, in other words, throughout a broad belt, ex tending from New Orleans to Cape Henry. The shadow-path of the approaching solar eclipse will cross the American ontincnt. and, within the United States, will cover a belt fifteen hun dred miles long by about forty miles wide at New Orleans, and sixty miles wide at Cape Henry. Observers should, if possible, take up positions on the central line of the path, as the shadow will there be densest, and the phenomena best seen. Along this central line, and within the north and south limits of the path, there will be thousands of excellent stations. From every city, town. village; hamlet and farm throughout the belt observations may be made to great advantage. The best positions will be found in the moon's path from the Appalachian highlands on to the Atlantic coast. Some of these have already been se lected by professional astronomers, who have chosen localities likely to be most free from cloud. These ladies and gentlemen will take care to be on the ground several days in advance, so as to arrange their instruments and drill their staffs to the last degree of thoroughness and precision. No doubt the unprofessional men and women who will be present on eclipse day will number many thousands. Well equipped parties will go South and East from all parts of the continent, not excepting Canada. At least one official party will come out from Eng land, while other parties from that and other countries will go to places in Europe and Africa. The eclipse will be total along a path extending from a point near the Southern end of Lower California, across Mexico, the United States, the Atlantic, twice cut ting the path of ocean travel, Portu gal, Spain, Algiers and Egypt. Out side of this path the eclipse will, some time during the day, be more or less partial to observers from the North Pole to the river Amazon and from the central Pacific Ocean to thc Red Sea. On the 28th of May next, sometime after local sunrise, the round, black shadow of the moon, like a great arm will sweep in out of space, coming in contact with the earth near the Sevil la Gigedo Islands in the Pacific Ocean, about five hundred miles south and west of California. With the tremendous initial velocity of about one hundred miles a minute, the shadow-cone will rush toward the mainland and enter Mexico near Cape Corrientes. In eight minutes it shall have crossed the Rocky Mountains, where, flying from peak to peak and from valley to valley, the spectacle must be sublime, though lasting but thirty seoonds. By 7:30 Central Standard time (or 8:30 Eastern Stan dard time) it shall have crossed the Gulf near the mouth of the Rio Grande and plunged New Orleans into sepul chral gloom. For the purpose of anticipation and study, let us imagine ourselves to be members of a group of enthusiastic men, women and youths, not necessa rily scientific or practiced observers, only anxious to see everything possi ble. We should be posted upon the highest possible eminence, so as not to miss the tremendous impressions due to the sudden rushing upon us of the stupendous shadow. We ought to be in the center of the ground over which the shadow will pass. If thia position be near New Orleans, we shall have totality for seventy-seven seo onds. If we are at Union Point, Greene County, Georgir, the center of the path in the United States, we shall have darkness for ninety-two seconds. If we are near the Atlantic coast, not far south of the city of Norfolk, we shall have one hundred and five seconds for observation. Let us assume that we have brought with us opera and field glasses, telescopes, spectroscopes, barometers, thermome ters, and well regulated timepieces, set to Washington, Greenwich, and lo cal times, Of course, we have note books, pads of drawing-paper, card board, white and blackened, upon which have been laid down black disks, around which our artistic mern- ! bers, by rapid sketching with colored chalks, may draw the phenomena we shall see. We have candles and lan terns, the latter for use if the wind arise. Of course, we have cameras and plates of various speeds and den sities of coating. We have seen the beautiful photographs taken on the 22d of January, 1898. in India, by Mrs. E. W. Maunder, with a small camera having aoneand one-half lens, nine inches in focus, photographs due entirely to her own conception of what might be accomplished with such a camera, and which have proved of scientific value. The images were small, but from thom excellent cir ings have booti made. Wc have erything in readiness. Instrumc aro mounted or suspended. C eras have been focused, tho most < tant objects being used for thc p pose. Thermometers have boon pla so that we shall bc able to take temperature of thc air and soil; have been told off by our director, v has given each of us some special d to perform, and who ought to hi knowledge sufficient to tell us what look for and to explain thc varif phenomena as they come under c notice. Timepieces and thermomet must be read: information as to posing plates must bc given; then mcnts of contact announced, and 1 seconds during totality called off ii loud voice. And though wc arc assisting, wc shall be able to sec erything. Professional as tro norn will not be so fortunate. They mi bc in constant attendance upon th instruments, and will probably w< behind screens shutting them offfr the world, so that their attention sh not bo distracted. From our calculations, wc kn when the various contacts will occ The sun is about three hours li if and thc sky clear. Wc are told tl the edge of the lunar disk is all I touching thc edge of the sun, but cannot detect thc presence of our s ellitc. It has been explained to that thc moon is really moving towa the East and at the rate of about half mile per second, that the surfa of the earth is carrying us toward t East at the speed of about twel miles per minute, and that thc sha ow is approaching us from the Wc at the velocity of nearly one mile second. During the hour and twel minutes which must elapse betwe the first detected cutting by themoi into the sun's limb and totality, i shall have ample opportunity to o serve and draw sun-spots and f?cula if any, to note down our impression to estimate the effect the gradual e tinction of the direct solar rays having upon objects around us, at the falling of the mercury in the the mometers. As totality approaches v should be on the alert for the shado banc!? which are usually present inb wildering array for a few moments b fore the face of the sun is hiddei pulsating, it is said, iu a manner t suggest the throes of nature in dissi lution, aud as if conscious of impent ing disaster. Nor should we forget t notice the effects of increasing twi light upon animals, birds, insects an flowers. On such occasions domcsti fowls go to roost, birds return to thei nests, butterflies "act as if drunk, deer run about in alarm, and flower* such as crocus, tulips, anemones, ger tians, pepatica, pimpernels, wood sor rel and wild geranium close, and a pe culiar hush falls upon everything. A this moment attention must be give to the sun, or what is left of it, forsv must see the splendid phenomcn known as Baily's Beads, visible fora instant or two as the moon'sadvanc ing edge closes in upon the easter edge of the sun, but visible agaii when the western edge of the mooi moves forward just enough to allot the solar rays to glint around at u through the valleys among the luna: mountains. But when warned by our director every eye must be turned to the West for whatever else we succeed in doing we must not fail to see the luuai shadow as it approaches. We maj not live long enough to witness anoth er eclipse under such auspices. Le us make thc most of this. Forbes who observed at Turin, the tota eclipse of 1842, said thait he was con founded by the awful velocity of th< shadow, which swept toward him frou the Alps, that he felt a3 if the greal building upon which he was standing swayed beneath him and began to fall over in the direction of the coming gloom. The rapidity of its motion and its black intensity produced the sensation that something material was flying over the earth at a speed "per fectly frightful," and he involuntari ly listened for the rushing noise of a mighty wind. Airy describes as "very awful" a shadow retreating away among thc hills of Northern Spain. Other writers arc no less dramatic in their accounts of these phenomena, and the tremendous impression they create. But when the shadow has come, and after we have recovered to some degree from the effects of shock, and of the sudden darkness into which we have been plunged, wc must rivet our attention upon the sun, or rather upon the moon, around whose black disk by this time will have appeared the splendid phenomena associated with a total solar eclipse, seen in all its majesty. Striking indeed is the almost instantaneous substitution, as in a dissolving lantern, of one picture for another, the one showing the sky with the blackened sun like a blot upon it, the other showing the sky suddenly draped in the mantle of night, upon whose sable bosom glow planet, star and coronal halo, and also roseate jets of incandescent gaseous matter leaping upward from and fall ing back upon the sun. Now we photograph, sketch and color most assiduously, not losing a single second. Wc lay down the po sitions of planets, comets, if any, and o?" bright stars. Thu eclipse is taking place in the constellation ol' Taurus, between thc fine red star of Aldeba ran and rho j.leiades. We look to si e whether Aldebaran is able to make its presence known by shining through the gauzy structure of the corona, and how many of the bright stars in Orion and other constellations can bc detect ed. We glance about thc horizon and note the rich color-tones, ranging from black, in the zenith, through browns, purples, crimsons, and reds, to yellow lying along the rough sky line thirty miles away, where thc sun is still shining, though with a partially-hidden disk. We notice thc ashy tints around us, reflected in our own faces. But a sudden glow along the western edge of thc moon warns us that totality has gone like a flash, and that we have time only for a quickly exposed pho tographic plate or two, and for watch ing another lovely dissolving view, the fading out of night before the all conquering day. Almost instantly the landscape brightens and becomes familiar. Not until now, as we feel thc warmth of the solar rays, did wc suspect a passing chill. New life throbs everywhere. Thc black lunar shadow has swept majestically by us and is already out on thc Atlantic, rushing toward Europe. Its vast track behind us is sprinkled with thousands of people, spell-bound by the wondrous visiou vouchsafed them by Nature, who, for a moment, as it were, has lifted but a corner of her robe and allowed them to gaze upon glories, the impressions of which will never fade from memory. Farming in Europe and in America. Each nation has something to learn of other nations, as each farmer has something to learn of his neighbor. Europe is greatly interested in cur various experiments and in our ag ricultural bureau, and our agents are carefully observing the improvements going on abroad. Prof. W. M. Hayes, who has been in Europe this summer observing the agricultural schools abroad, says: "Germany is far ahead of us in forestry schools and in a sensible forestry system. Her great Forestry School at Ebcrswalde, in the pine regions north of Berlin, and the forests managed by its professors, are so well developed that our young men should go there to complete their forestry education. Germany's other experiment stations arc each much narrower in their scope than ours, but some of them are doing good work. At Bremen, for instance, there is a station devoted wholly to the study of peat lands." Comparing our agricultural schools with those of Europe, the Professor says: "Wc have more money and improve ment is going on at a more rapid rate here. In some things a few of their older institutions have done more, but we are ahead in most things, and our organization is on a broader plan, so we shall soon leave them far be hind. America's experiment stations and colleges are building up such a vast science of agriculture as has not been dreamed of elsewhere. Our col leges each have several directors of experiments, while in Europe each has onlyone director with assistants." Of the development of the sugar beet Prof. Hayes says: "The breeding of sugar beet seed is the most scientific breeding done in the world. Sugar beets now contain more than twice as much sugar per acre as forty years ago. One firm employs two hundred people for two months in the winter analyzing mother beets for the nextyeat's seed crop." This is interesting in itself, and it shows, moreover, what may be done with other crops; with cotton, with wheat, with corn, with berries, toma toes and various products of the soil. Furthermore, all this gives new interest and new dignity to life on the farm. The world must be fed and fed each generation more abundantly. To do this work well the farmer must put his mind as well as his strength into his work, and try each year to show some advance in knowledge. Hame mid Farm. - - ? m - Rheumatism-Catarrh, are Blood Dis eases-Cure Free! It is the deep-seated, obstinate cases of Catarrh and liheumatism that B. B. B. (Botanic Blood Balm) cures. It matters not what other treatments, doctors, sprays, liniments, medicated air, blood puriliers, have failed to do, B. B. B. always promptly reaches the real cause and roots out and drives from thc bones, joints, mucous mem brane, and entire system the specific poison in the blood that causes liheu matism and Catarrh. B. B. B. is the only remedy strong enough to do this so there can never be a return of the symptoms. Don't give up hope but ask your druggist forB. B. B.--Bo tanic Blood Balm of 3 Bs.-Large bottles $1, six bottles (full treatment) $5. B. B. B. is an honest remedy that makes real cures of all Blood Diseases after everything else fails. We have absolute confidence in Bo tanic Blood Balm; hence, so you may test it, we will send a Trial Bottle Free on request. Personal medical advice free. Address Blood Balm Co., 380 Mitchell St., Atlanta Ga. - One-tenth of the world is still unexplored. A Hard Won! to Suv. in thc heat of passion Robert hat! done something that he was ashamed (if and sorry for after the excitement. ,:I wish I hadn't let my temper get away with my good sense," he said, "but it's done and can't be undone." ''Hut isn't there noway to over come thc effect of wrongdoing to a great extent?" asked a voice in the heart. "How?" asked Robert. "By owning to one's blame in the matter." answered thc voice. "Con fessing one's fault does much to set wi "?lg right. Try it." Now, Robert was very much like the rest of u?: he hated to admit that he was ?n fault. "I'm wrong: forgive me," is a hard thing to say. But thc more he though thc matter over the moro ho felt that he ought to say jus; that. "lr s the right thing LO do,' ho told himself. !'If I know what's right and don't do it, I'm a moral coward. I'll do it." So he wont to the ono he had wrong ed and confessed his fault frankly. Tho result was that thc two boys wore better friends than before, and his comrade had a greater respect for him because he had been brave enough to do a disagreeable thing when it was presented to him in the light of duty. My boys, remember that there's quite as much bravery in doing right for right's sake as there is in the performance of grand and heroic deeds the world will hear about.-Eben E. Rexford in Christian Witness. Xamiug the Baby. "Charlie! dear," said the young mother, "I've decided on a name for baby. Wc will call her Imogen." Papa was lost in thought for a few minutes. He did not like the name, but if he oppos'd it his wife would have her own way. "That's nice," said ho, presently. "My first sweetheart was named Imo gen, and she will take it as a com pliment." "We will call her Mary, after my mother," was the stern reply. -mt e - mm - - Women arc not permitted tobe photographed in China. There is no inore trying work than tho weaver's. Added to the confinement, thc j heat and the impure air, there is often au _^ amount of phys CP-jj j ical exertion ^ J which seems in V?] j_.1 credible. In the n^^^T^^^^^^^C. manufacture of ?'Qva V\""ST plush, for ex ample, those "who cut the pile C have to walk g about thirty ^ m i 1 c s a day. ^'And with every ^step of that ^thirty miles -?^fc^ they breathe in vitiated air filled with particles of dust, poisonous coloring matter and other sub stances, irritating to the threat and lungs. It is no wonder that so many mill hands have an obstinate cough or that so many of them die of " lung trouble." It is to operatives whose work makes them peculiarly liable to lung disease that Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Dis covery comes as a priceless boon. It posi tively cures deep scated and obstinate coughs, bronchial affections, bleeding of the lungs, and other diseases which if neglected lead to consumption. " Whcu I commenced talcing your medicines, eighteen months ago, mv health was completely broken down." writes Mrs. Cora L. Sunderland, of Chaneyvillc. Calvert Co., Md. "At times I could not even walk across the room, without pains in my ch'".t. Thc doctor whn attended me said I had lung trouble ami that I would never bc well ajrain. At last I concluded to try Dr. Pierce's medicines. I bought a bottle of 'Golden Medical Discovery,' took it, and soon commenced to feel a little better, then von directed me to take both thc 'Golden Medical Discovery' aud thc 'Favorite Prescription,' which I did. Alto gether I have taken eighteen bottles of 'Golden Medical Discovery,' twelve of the 'Favorite Pre scription,' and five vials of ' Pellets.' I am now almost entirely well, and do all my work with out any pain whatever, and can run with more ease than I could formerly walk." You can consult Dr. Pierce by letter absolutely without charge. He will care fully consider your condition, and write you fully, giving you familiar, fatherly advice as well as medical direction. Your letter will be held as strictly private and sacredlv confidential. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y. KAMNOL. HEADACHE, NEURALGIA, LA GRIPPE. Relieves all pain. 25c. all Druggists. FOR SALE. BOUT Nine Hundred Acres FINE LAND in Fork Township, be tween new F??rry and Hutton'* Ford. MRS. O. M. CH ESN AU LT, Anderson, S. C. ()ct_li?, 1891)_18_ BANKERS a"d BROKERS. GEO. SKALIER & CO., CONSOL, STOCK EXCHANGE BLDG, 60-62 Broadway, - New York. LOTS OF MONEY CAN be made through speculation with deposit of $30.00 [thirty dollars] upward [or 3 percent, margin upward] on the Stock Exchange. The greatest fortunes have been made through speculations in Stocks, Wheat or Cotton. If you are interested to know how spec ulations are conducted, notify us mid we will send you information and market ettor free of charge. Usual commission charged for exe cuting orders. Government, Municipal sud Railroad bonds quotations furnished on applica tion for purchase, sale and exchange. Oct. 25, 1899 1 8 6m The Kind You Have Always Bought, and v.hich has been ia uso foi* over ;30> years, has borne tho signature of _-?=> and has been made under his per t^L^^ffi^T^ss sona? supervision since its infancy. ??*??r?yt /<?>cc?UM> Alio-.;- no one io deceive you in this. All Counterfeits, imitations and Substitutes are but Ex periments that ?ri?lc v.ith and endanger thc health of Infants and Children-Experience against Experiment. m OASTO.R1? Castcria is a substitute for Castor Oil, Paregoric, Drops and Soothing* Syrups, li ?s Harmless and Pleasant, it contains liri:her Opium, Morphine nor oilier Narcotic substance, its ago is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Feverishness, it cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic-. It relieves Teething Troubles, eurea Constipation and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates the Stomach and Bowels, giving healthy ami natural sleep. The Childrens Panacea-Tho Mother's Friend. GENUINE CAST ALWAYS Bears the Signature of The Kind You Haye Always Bought SSgE$Sf8BR& In Use For Over 30 Years. THC CENTAUR COMPANY. 77 MURRAY BTnCCT. NCW YORK CITY. Is a Little Thing when it Begins ! THE longer you put it off the harder it is to cure. The longer it las's the more serious it becomes. Let it um on and there's no telling what the end will be. The worst case of Consumption was a little Cold once. Will stop any Cough when it first begins. It will stop riiosi; Coughs after they get bad. Eut the best way is to take ic at the first sign of a Cold It ought to bs right at vour elbow all the time. tr i Is the BEST REMEDY for C0CJ3HS, COLDS, HOARSENESS, atjil all diseases of the Throat and Lungs. Don't buy any other kind. i"! i Isa Ism Buggy and Wago Trade is on the increase, but we want it to increase more. THOUSANDS of Farmers, can testify that "Old Hickory," "Tennessee-/* "Studebaker" and "Milburn" "Wagons are the lightest running and will wear longer than other makes on the market. You may find in this County these Wagons that have been in constant use for the past twenty years. We also have on hand a large and varied assortment of BUGGIES and CARRIAGES, and among them the celebrated ''Babcock's," "Columbias," "Tyson & Jones," "Columbus," and many other brands. Our record for eelling first-class Goods is evident by the blands men tioned above, that we have exclusive sale for in Anderson County. Our "Young Men's" Buggy has no equaL Have also a large and select line of HARNESS, SADDLES, BRI-" DLES, &c, and have recently secured exclusive control and sale of the cele brated "Matthew Heldman" Harness, which is well known in this County, and needs no "talking up." The Wagon and Buggy manufacturers are advancing prices on all their goods on account of tbe advance in price of all tbe material, and in conse quence we will have to advance our prices from 85.00 to S10.00 a job ; but we wish to give you a chance to buy before the rise, so you had better join in the procession and buy one of ?ur Buggies or Wagons at once, for on and after September 1st next our prices will be at least So.00 higher than at present. We regret haviug to do this, but cannot gei around it. Buy now and save this advance. JOS. J. FRETWELL. Will still sell you a first-class Buggy for $30.00. Car riage $85.00. 0. li. ANDERSON & BRO. FLOUR II FLOUR ! 45i>0 BARRELS. GOT every grade you are looking for. We know what you want, and ^ we've got the prices right. Can't give it to yoe, but we will sell you high grade Flour 25 to 35c cheaper than any competition. Low grade Floui $3.00 per barrel. Car EAR CORN and stacks of Shelled Corn. Buy while it is cheap advancing rapidly. We know xvhere to buy and get good, sound Corn cheap. OATS, HAY and BRAN. Special prices by the ton. We want your trade, and if honest dealings and low prices count we will get it. Yours for Business, O. D. ANDERSON & BRO. l&_ Now is your chance to get Tobacco cheap. Closing out odds and ends in Caddies.