The Anderson intelligencer. (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, October 13, 1897, Page 2, Image 2
BILL AUFS LETTER.
Arp Talks to Boys?He Tells ihem Ihat
Knowledge of Everything in Essential.
Atlanta Constitution.
Here is a letter for the boys.
I believe that even an imperfect
knowledgo of many callings renders a
man happier than perfection in anyone
and comparative ignorance of all the
rest. Great scientists, discoverers
and inventors seem to be necessary
for the world's progress and the good
of mankind, but their work is gener
ally at the expense of their health and
happiness. Sir Isaac Newton in his
last days exclaimed with a sigh, "I
have made a slave of myself." His
great mind was always on a strain in
one direction. It is said of him that
he had a hole cut iu the lower part of
the door for his favorite cat to enter
and exit, and when she had a pair of
kittens he had two smaller holes cut
for them. The mind is like the body.
It must have a variety of food. It is
like the muscles in the arms or legs.
If only one set are used the others be
come weak and will gradually perish
away. S
I was talking not long ago to a learn
ed judge, a man of fine judicial mind
and literary 'attainment, but who ac
knowledged his very limited knowl
edge of nature and nature's laws. "I
hardly know one tree from another,"
said he, "excepting, of course, the
chestnut, hickory nut and walnut.
Yes, of course, I know the pine'and
the oak. Iudeed I have never had
any occasion to know more, for I was
raised in town and books have absorb
ed me."
I was ruminating about this because
our little girl's mother is teaching her
to draw and to paint," and I asked her
to draw me a chestnut tree, an oak
tree and a maple tree. She is work
ing on them now and has to go out
and look at them and examine the
bark on the trunk, and the shape of
the limbs and leaves. I wonder how
many boys and girls can draw a hicko
ry leaf without looking at one. I
should like to see their specimens.
Thousands of boys, especially country
... boys, know all the common trees of
their neighborhood, but it requires
close and careful observation to de
scribe them and point out the differ
ence. Now there are ten different
kinds of oaks in this country, but
very few town raised people can name
half of them. Theu there are differ
ent kinds of hickories and pines and
ash and elm trees, besides the hack
berry, box elder, poplar, beach, locust
and cotton wood. Eugene Le Hardy
was a very learned and scientific
Frenchman, but thought that Ameri
can cotton grew on the eottonwood
trees and that we gathered it by using
ladders. It is said that a Mr. Jack
son, of Atlanta, is trying to introduce
the ladder kind now and has got the
trees up to fourteen feet high.
The study of the trees and shrubs
of this Southern country is a delight
ful and instructive recreation for
young people, and I wish they would
pay more attention to it: Of course
this study requires some knowledge of
botany, but that is easily acquired.
This kind of knowledge is more useful
and more comforting than a college
smattering of calculus and conic sec
tions and rhetoric and logic. I do not
believe there are ten men in Bartow
County who would know ginseng if
they were to see it. Not many more
know what is father graybeard or white
ash. the medicinal shrub from which
old A. Q. Simmons first made the
original Simmons liver medicine in
Gwinnett County. I know about that,
for when I was a young merchant I
sold the first he ever made aud con
tinued to sell it for him for several
years and h 2 told me what it was made
of. I think, though, that the father
graybeard gave out about the time the
old man died.
I wish tint our young people would
acquire habits of observing things
more closely as they journey along
through life. Some people see every
thing and some see nothing hardly.
When should trees be cut down that
are wanted for wood ? What kind of
wood is the strongest and will bear the
greatest burden ? What kind is the
most elastic ? What kind the hardest
to split? What kind will last the
longest in the ground ? What kind
most suitable for pianos, chairs, fur
niture or wainscoting? What kind for
mauls cr w?dgcs or canes ? Dr. Cli
ver Holmes must have studied all
about these when he wrote the "One
Hoss Shay.'"
"So the dfacon inquired of tho vili?ga folk
Wnere be could find the ttron&est oak
Teat e'ou dn'c be split tu r bent nor broke ;
Toa: was fur spok.s aud ?ow and bid" ;
Heseni for lane w>>o.i to make tbeibil???;
Tbe er esbare woo a-h fr..m ttraighteat
trees ;
TLe panela were wbite wood that cuts like
cheese',
And the bubs logs fropa'lbe settler's
elm."
'li.it perhaps Dr. Holmes got it all
froto some old honest wagon maker,
for to'? y know. I'll bet that Mr.
Bradley, < i our town, can answer ? very
question. The boys ought to find out
that black locust and chestnut and
osage orang ; make the best posts, and
black gum the best hubs, and persi u?
tmou the Lest ?rodnfa or gluts, and sas
safras the best hows, and white oak
the best baskets. In England it is
claimed that a yew tree post will last
longer than an iron one. The boys
ought to know that the barks of all
trees are nonconductors of beat and
cold and keep them cool in summer
and warm in winter, and the green
leaves are the lungs that inhale the
carbon from the air and not only make
wood for the tree, but purify the
atmosphere that we breathe. And
hence every habitation ought to have
some trees about it. The boys ought'
to know about those beautiful islands
in the sea that are of coral formation
and kept growing until they got above
the water, and then some cocoanuts
came floating along and lodged there
and sprouted and grew and the leaves
of the trees fell down and rotted and
made a soil for more cocoanuts, and in
course of time the island became a
paradise. That is the testimony of
the rocks. The boys should watch
the little gassomer ball that floats
,away in the air from the sweet little
dandelion plant. So light and so
feathery that it would take a thousand
of them to weigh an ounce and yet the
seed are there for more plants and they
are wrapped, as it were, in a blanket
to protect them from the winter's cold.
So it is with the seed of the Scotch
thistle that is blown about by a breath
of air like it was nothing, but it has
the germ, the embryo of life in it, and
will find a lodging place somewhere
and sleep until spring, and then make
no mistake. It will not come up a
dandelion, but will surely make a
thistle. In the horticultural gardens
at Loudon are raspberry plants 'chat
came from seed found in a man's
stomach who had been buried 1,700
years.
Study nature a little as y ou go along,
boys, and it will make you w:ser and
better and happier men. Find out
why it is that a dead bird weighs more
than a live one and by what force o:r
power a buzzard can sai), round and
round in the air above you and never
bat a wing nor waye a feather.
It.isent every boy who can be a Ben
Franklin, but every boy can learn
something every day, and even one
fact a day will in course of time mike
him a wise man. "What a ?oy was
Franklin? What a man 1 Th( young
est of seventeen children, apprenticed
to a candle maker, next to a printer ;
ran away from Boston to Philadelphia
when seventeen years old and hired to
a Mr. Head, and fell in love with De
borah, his daughter ; was never idle ;
read and studied in every leieurc mo
ment ; mastered French, Italian, Span
ish and Latin ; became postmaster of
Philadelphia, then postmaster general
of all the colonies ; established the
Philadelphia library, the Philosophi
cal Society -and the University of
Pennsylvania, and not long after he
drew lightning down from heaven with
a kite and a string and a key.
What a man he was ! What a boy !
Bill Arf.
A Wife's Retort.
Old Joe was a quiet old man but
somewhat too fond of the botile.
When in his cups bis ideas tended
toward theological matters, which he
always avoided in his sober moments.
It was Saturday afternoon, and his
good wife wanted some wood for the
oven, as she had bread to bake.
"Joe, I do wish you would go and
split some wood. Here it is nearly 2
o'clock, and the fire isn't made."
Joe went out to execute his com
mission, and fearing his physical con
dition was weak, marched to the
neighboring tavern to fortify himself
therein. He returned home oblivious
to all things save bis pet theories.
Seating himself on the chair, he said :
"I say (hie) Jane, do you (hie) think
(hie) the Lord (hie) means to burn us
all up in fire ?"
His venerable siiou.se, being exceed
ingly irate, did not answer. Again he
repeated the question, Still an omi
nous silence.
''Wife, do you think the Lord in
tends to burn us up in lire ov'last
ing?"
': ," said the now thoroughly
aroused housewife : uuo, you fool, not
if he waits for you to split the wood."
? The smallest horse in the world
is Leo, owned in Italy. lie is but \
inches high, and yet he is perfectly
formed. His mane and tail reach the
ground, and he is very intelligent,
lie is one of the Shetland breed, but
the smallest of this small breed for
merly known is about '?'I inches high.
He is now on exhibition in Italy along
with the queen's Shetland ponies. In
the spring he will be brought to New
York and exhibited at the New Y'ork
horse show.
?"1 can't see how any family lives
without Chamberlain s Colic, Cholera
and Diarrhoea Remedy," says J. R.
Adams, a well kiiowu druggist, of Gc
nova. Al?;. i;i a letter inquiring the
? rice of dozen bottles; that he might
not only have it for in his own
family, hut supply it to his neighbors.
Tiie reason -ome people get- along
without ;:. i- becausi llioy do hot
know its value, and what a vast
amount of *m!?ering it will save
Wherever it becomes known and used
it is ret*oguized as ricet'ssity, for it
is the only remedy that can always be
depeuded upon for bowel complaints,
both for children and adults. Kor sale
HOW TO GET IN THE NAVT.
Not as Officer, but as Apprentice, Sea
man or Mechanic.
Washington*, October 1.?Naval
recruiting stations are to be estab
lished at Charleston, Savannah and
several other cities along the South
Atlantic coast. Lieut. Commander
Hawley, of the navy, who has charge
of the recruiting branch of the ser
vice, has made the necessary reconi
j mendatiou, in his annual report to the
Secretary of th? Navy, and the latter
will incorporate said recommenda
tions in his annual report to the Pres
ident and Congress.
The establishment of recruiting
stations in these Southern cities may
or may not be influenced by the pros
pect of trouble with Spain, but at the
navy department, where I made care
ful inquiry, it is said that the desire
is to secure additions to the service
from Southern and Western States,
where native born American men and
boys are more readily obtained.
Lieut. Commander Hawley has just
returned from a trip to the West and
Northwest and he was greatly en
couraged at his success in securing
enlistments for the navy.
The South has never had any en
couragement in this line before and
those men and.boys from that section
of the country who have found their
way into the service, have h.ul to
seek enlistment at some of the North
ern recruiting stations. The navy is
in need of more men to properly man
her great ships of war, now construc
ted and in course of construction.
The force is inadequate to a marked
degree, and it often happehs that one
big ship has to be put out of commis
sion so that her crew may be divided
and transferred- to two smaller ships
needed for immediate service. It is
estimated that at loast four thousand
additional men will be required to fur
nish all the ships ready for sea with
good working crews, sufficient to han
dle them in active service.
American sailors for American war
ships seems to be the intention of
those in charge ofethe naval branch of
the "government. That policy does
not originate with the present admin
istration, as it seems to have its in
ception about the time the country
Wi.s thrilled with the enthusiasm at
tending the famous cruise of the noble'
"white squadron," around the world,
commanded by Admiral Walker.
Prior to the advent of tbe "white
squadron" more than 50 per cent of
the sailors on board of American war
ships were foreigners; many of them
could not speak our language. The
patriotism aroused by the "white
squadron" and the discussion of naval
topics in the great newspapers of the
United States, soon made itself ap
p?tent at the various naval recruiting
stations in Boston, New York, League
Island, Pennsylvania, and Mare Is
land, California. American men and
boys visited the ships of the white
squadron whenever opportunity of
fered and soon learned that the navy
is not the resort for outlaws and hard
cases, as was once thought to be the
eise. These magnificent floating en
gines of war are equipped with all the
modern appliances forconvenience and
health-giving comforts, and they offer
a very desirable home for men and
boys who are ambitious to lead a sea
faring life. The result has been that
the percentage of alien sailors on
American war ships has been reduced,
and to-day about 60 per cent, of the
enlisted men in the navy are Ameri
can born citizens. It is the intention
of the Secretary op the Navy to still
further increase the attractions in the
service for native born Americans.
The following official circulars, rela
tive to enlistments, will furnish all
the desirable information to those who
contemplate entering the navy:
kni.1st.mknt of men.
1. Men physically and otherwise
qualified are enlisted in the navy as
follows:
PAY VER
ratini!. ' month
Seamen. . *24 UU
Ordinary seamen . PJ 00
Landsmen. 10 00
Shipwrights. 25 00
Black.-miths. 00 00
Plumbers and fitters. 45 00
Sailinakers. 25 00
.Painters. 30 00
Machinists, first class. 55 00
Machinists, second class. 40 00
Boilermakers. 00 00
Coppersmiths. 50 0U
Firemen, first class. 35 00
Firemen, second class. ?-50 0U
Coal passers . 22 00
Apothecaries. (JU U0
Ship's cooks, fourth class. 20 00
Musicians first class. 32 00
Musicians, .second class. 30 00
Buglers. 30 00
[ inch < nlisted person also receives
one ration per day while pn board ol a
g ti i n
. The term of enlistment is for
:.(?,?.
;'}. P. rson ivlisti -1 fi ir the naval
service-must ho of robust frame, ill
udi igent, ? ' perfectly sound and
healthy constitution, free I'm m'any
physical defects or malformation, and
not subject to fits.
4. Physical examinations aro made
by a naval surgeon at tho place of en
listment.
5. Persons are not enlisted as
landsmen if over the age of 25. unless
they possess some mechanical trade;
nor after 35, even though possessing
a trade.
b\ No person will be eulisted who
does not understand and speak the
English language.
7. No allowance will be made for
travelling expenses whether accepted
or not.
S. Applications for enlistment can
h? made to the commanding oiiicer of
the . S. S. "W?bash," Navy Yard.
Boston, ?>?ass.: U. S. S. "Vermont.''
Navy Yard, New York; U. S. S.
"Richmond," Navy Yard, League Is
land, Pa., and the U. S. S. ''Inde
pendence,''Navy Yard, Mare Island,
Cai. John D. Long,
Secretary.
enlistment of boys.
1. Boys between the ages of 14 and
17 years may, with the consent of
their parents or guardians, be enlisted
to serve in the navy until they shall
arrive at the age of 21 years.
2. No minor under the age of 14
years, no insane or intoxicated per
son, and no deserter from the naval
or military service of the United
States, can be enlisted.
3. Boys enlisted for the naval ser
vice must be of robust frame, intelli
gent, of perfectly sound and healthy
constitution.
4. Physical examinations will be
made by the medical officer of the ship
upon which a boy presents himself for
enlistment.
. Boys must have the following
heights, weights and measurements:
Fourteen year3 of age, 4 feet, 9
inches high, 70 pounds weight, 26
inches chest measurement.
Fifteen ye. is of age, 4 feet 11 inches
high. 80 pounds weight, 27 inches
chest measurement.
Sixteen years of age, 5 feet 1 inch
high, 90 pounds weight, 28 inches
chest measurement.
6. They must be able to read and
write.
7. In special cases, where a boy
shows general intelligence, and is
otherwise qualified, he may be en
listed, notwithstanding his reading
and writing are imperfect.
8. Each boy presenting himself for
enlistment; must be accompanied by
his father, or by his mother, in case
his father is deceased, or by his legal
ly appointed guardian in case "he has
neither father nor mother'living, and
the parent or guardian presenting the
boy must sign the prescribed "consent,
declaration and oath," which forms a
part of the shipping articles.
9. In c&ses where parents or guard
ians may, by reason of distance, in
firmity or other causes, be unable to
appear at the place of enlistment,
they will, on written application to
the commanding officer of either of the
ships upon which enlistments are
made, be furnished with the printed
form of "consent, declaration and
oath," in duplicate, by executing
which the enlistments will be per- j
fected, should the boys be accepted
by the board of examing officers.
10. No allowance will be made for
travelling expenses, whether accepted
or not.
13. Apprentices are educated to fill
the positions of seameia and petty offi
cers. They cannot become commis
sioned officers.
15. Boys who have been convicted
of crime cannot be enlisted.
16. When first enlisted and received
on board ship, apprentices will be fur
nished, free of cost., with an outfit of
clothing not exceediug in value the
sum of $45.
17. Boys will be enlisted as appren
tices, third class, and receive $9 per
uionth.
18. Apprentices, third class, who
arc qualified, after completing their
tour of service in a cruising training
ship, will be advanced to apprentices,
second class, at. $15 per mouth.
19. Apprentices, second class, who
are qualified, will be advanced to ap
prentice, first-class, at $21 per month,
after th y shall have served one year
in cruising ships of war.
20. All apprentices receive one
ration per day.
21. Parents or guardians are re
quired to relinquish all claim to the
services of apprentices, and applica
tions for their discharge during their
minority will not be favorably consid
ered except under extraordinary cir
cumstances.
22. Boys enlisted to serve until 21
years of age will not be permitted to
allot any part of their pay to parents
or guardians until they shall have
been transferred to general cruising
ships.
23. Apprentices will be transferred
to 'ill vacancies in sea-going vessels
a.- they become proficient ami their
services arc required. J
! pou thc expiration <?!' the cu
listinolit o? an apprentice he will, if
,;om mended, receive :??; honorable
discharge, and upon rc-euiistnicnti
within three mouths from date of I
honorable discharge, lu will receive
three months extra pay of his rating
when discharged, a continuous service
certificate, and an ' addition of $1 per
month to his pay.
2 . Enlistments of apprentices are
made on board of the following
named ships: Constellation, Coaster's
Harbor Island, near Newport, R. I.;
Vermont. Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N.
Y.; Wabash. Navy Yard, Boston,
Mass.; Richmond, Navy Yard,League
Island, Pa., and the Independence,
Navy Yard, Mare Island, Cal.
26. Apprentices are under the im
mediate supervision of the bureau of
navigation. Information regarding
enlistments will be furnished by that
bureau or by the commanding officers
of the above named ships.
27. Apprentices who are enlisted in
the East will be given a course of
training at Coaster's Harbor Island,
near Newport, R. I., and those en
listed on the Pacific coast at Mare Is
land, Cal., before being sent to sea.
28. An apprentice may be allowed
to purchase his discharge from the
service during the f?r&t eight?en
months of enlistment, upon the writ
ten request of his parent or guardian,
which request must be made upon
blanks which will be furnished, upon
application, by the bureau of naviga
tion.
29. Any apprentice discharged dur
ing his minority at the request of his
parent or guardian must refund any
indebtedness to the government and
the value of the outfit furnished him
upon enlistment, in addition to the
cost of his discharge..
John D. Long, Secretary.
Assistant Secretary Roosevelt is
deeply interested in this subject, and
when he goes South to witness the
movements of the torpedo flotilla he
will look into the question of locating
the desired recruiting stations. It
must be remembered that these sta
tions cannot be established and main
tained unless Congress authorizes the
necessary appropriations; therefore the
North Carolina, South Carolina, Geor
gia and Florida Congressmen might
find it to the advantage of their con
stituents to look into the subject with
some care.
If the South proves herself to be a
fruitful field for naval recruiting why
should she not have a big recruiting
rendezvous and a receiving ship, such
as they have at New York, Boston, or
Mare Island, California. The West
has sent some very desirable men aud
boys into the service during recent
years. The South has also some very
creditable representatives among the
enlisted men. One instance I recall
is that of Lee Boland,- a Georgia lad,
who is now boatswain on board of the
Marion, having worked his way up to
the rank of a warrant officer from an
apprentice on board one of the train
ing ships. He is one of the brightest
young warrant officers in the service,
and he has a life position, and it is
possible for him to reach a salary limit
of ?1,800 per annum, with allowances.
At the department it is said that pref
erence it always given to the boys of
the training ship classes in promotion
to the rank of petty officers. Much
more could be written on this subject,
but I have already shown that there is
no reason why American sailors should
not man Amefican war ships.
R. M. L.
? "Well, madam, I've been years
looking for work." i;Humph ! I have
plenty of it for you. You can?'
" 'Scuse me, madam, said I bad
been looking for work. Now that I
have found it, me curiosity is satis
fied. Goodday."
? A mother recently noticed that
her little boy had shut and fastened
the door on a very wet day, and was
compelling his little sister to stay out
in the rain. "Why, Leslie !" said she,
"open the door and let Dolly in out
of the rain." can't mamma." was
the answer. "We're playing Noah's
Ark, and dolly is the sinuer."
Mr. A. H. Cransby, of 15S Kerr St.,
Memphis, Tenu., says that his wife
paid no attentiou to a'small lump which
appeared in her breast, but it soon de
v?loped into a cancer of the worst type, j
and "notwithstanding the treatment or j
tbc best physicians, continued to
spread and grow rapi y, eating two
holes iu her breai' The doctor-;
soon pronounced
her incurable. A
celebrated New York
specialist then treat
ed her, but she con
ti mied to grow worse
and when informed
fi?* that both her aunt
gm and grandmother had
t^Wkt clic'{^irom caljcer he
^^^??v 'ri^ kave tlie casc up as
JIkSf^/ A hopeless.
fmtf a Someone then re
%U"e commended S.S.S.
and though little hone remained, she
begun it. and an improvement was no
ti-.-ed. The: cancer commenced to heal and
when she had taken several bottles it
WE fully reaze th* fact that when we address the people of Anderson
County, either thiugh (Jhe pres.? or otherwise, we uro addressing a class of
highly intelligent 3d wJbll-iiiformed people. We know there are some people
who read the higlv>uud|iug advertisements promising great and unreasonable
things, and also bjievc Ithem, but this class of neopleju; Anderson Countj is
fast becoming excor, m Now. a few words in regard to our business :
e came to this town with a small-capital and unknown
Our business has steadily incre.ised, and the >ear 189T
over 360,000.00. What has feen the secret of our
A few years to wj
to the business w<M.
will show a busipi o
sucee?
To act]
le Eight because it as Right.
Many say ti this rule works well every way escept in business; but we
find it more appabla to business than any where else.
Now, we knjr this is out of keeping with the teual way of advertisings
but with due rer/d to our competitors' methods of doing business we deem it
necessary to say fiat we have, and we commend to ijie- intelligent and righr.-'
thinking people ' our County.
We also wh to state that our present facilities for handling goods dire?t
from the raanufjturer to the consumer are second Jo none in the city. -We
ca/ry almost evitbing needed by the general trading public, and at as elote
a price as good,fst-class goods can be sold for. /
Respectfullioliciting a continuance of your highly appreciated patron
age, and, if posale, will try and serve you better i| the future, we are
Yon rs very respectfully,
D. C. BROWfiS & BRO.
BR(jWNLEE & VAN DIVERS,
-DEALERS I? ALL ? OF ?r
General Merchandise, Cottotf and Fertilizers,
OFF Kit their iuuendouH Smck of Heavy Dry Guidi?, Boot?, Shoes, Hats and Cape
?,t price* t ?-iii*ur?!s<ii!ea. J
In m few da*''* * h*vH a full linn <>f WillivnsKneeland'e and Gao. G. Snow's
Men's Fi Sbol We ?a?? d??ci led to add mis, thunnejtt line of Shoes we know, to
our h I reaiy ??n$ ?ock.' We ?? i?. t-tout 'he Joies Sh> CVh ?? of Women's
P.ne Shoe* tha? o*n cm<:?* ui msiy rttcorniaeu'd anv on? In other gradea of
Sboes we bavt- l u from the cue*p>-sr, up. Set? us heure buying a pair of Shoe?.
We w;il riojow anv on*> to unnVrawll us iu Pn/tP, Ginchnms, Outings, Flannele,
Blanket*, Lip *. Jaan-, Ca-mim-rs. Sheet'ng, Cjecks, Drills, etc Wt? mean ex
ac'.ly wnat w-pu ttie ab i^e rem irk-t. Cjme see pr yourself
We nell lar?nan-ltif-s oi B-illard's and other sill's fine Flour, all pruder. Co ?
best Hamn, R'cSugar, Lard Molasses, Soap, Sod^ Starcb, and other Grocer! is ' ?
numerous o mlori.
Don''- forjstbat we *ell the bast Floor, CfiTee aai Tob ecco fiat we ?
buy. We waul buy your Cotton for the highest fsh price, and ?eli you yoar ig
ni ug and Tie.-".! Yours very tnl/, --. ,
I BROWNL?E & VAND1VERS.
v p. 8 ?Juspeived a lot of Gna und Arid fr^he _^^_[j_*>r^|n_?r_?P_ _
i
i
crlnd yon will find ont
that you are often
deceived by a very
small animal.
WE a come at us with yoir search-light, (so you mean
busiifesspd you will see whid way the cat is jumping. >
INVEST?GATE,
And youjll find no danger to for r peace nor your purse in
buying ;r? \ \
ARD WARE
From ujrhrow out your seirch-light on us and our Goods.
It will 8) our talk and our ime, and save you from pain
and los
..
INVESTIGATE
Weive them in Stoc
Id they Mast Co.
fi :
liest and che?pest line of Ladies' Oxfords to be
b
founWhere, and we are going to close them out at
Fact?rices.
leo have iWers in Men's and Ladies' High Cut
Shole lest that ?an be bought for cash,
?lid sec us nt/oacc and get a bargain.
W:? \ A
Ilio OiiiJu
c Temple, Anderson, ?. ?,